Cost of living in Africa: Egypt most affordable, Zimbabwe most expensive

A new analysis of living costs across Africa shows striking differences between countries. Based on a comparative index of expenses such as housing, food, and transportation, Egypt ranks as the most affordable country, while Zimbabwe is the most expensive.

The map, compiled from Numbeo’s 2024 Cost of Living Index and supported by other regional data, highlights how daily expenses vary widely across the continent.

Egypt, with a cost index between 37.5–45.5, benefits from government-subsidised food staples and relatively low housing costs.

Zimbabwe tops the list with an index above 67.5, reflecting persistent inflation, currency instability, and high import costs.

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Other affordable countries include Tunisia, Algeria, and Ethiopia, while higher-cost nations include South Africa, Namibia, and Mauritius.

According to the African Development Bank and World Bank reports, differences in the cost of living are driven by:

• Currency stability – Countries with volatile exchange rates, like Zimbabwe, face higher consumer prices.
• Subsidy policies – Egypt maintains subsidies on fuel and food, keeping essential goods cheaper.
• Import dependence – Landlocked countries and those reliant on imports often have higher prices.
• Urbanisation levels – Highly urbanised economies such as South Africa tend to see higher housing and service costs.

Regional patterns

• North Africa: Generally more affordable due to subsidies and stronger trade links across the Mediterranean.
• Southern Africa: More expensive, with Zimbabwe and South Africa leading the list.
• West and Central Africa: Mixed results, with affordability in some areas but higher costs in nations heavily dependent on imports.