“I just want to thank everybody who knocked on a door, made a call, sent a dollar, posted a story, and most importantly, gave us your stake in democracy ,” he said.

“You took a chance on the unlikeliest of candidates. Thank you - this is all yours,” he added.

The 42-year-old former public health official, whose parents are Egyptian immigrants, campaigned on universal government-funded healthcare, tackling rising living costs and reducing corporate influence in American politics.

El-Sayed, a vocal critic of Israel 's military campaign in Gaza, has accused Israel of genocide and called for US funding for foreign wars to be redirected towards healthcare, education and infrastructure.

“I looked at his face and said, ‘Dad, the persecution has begun,’” Bolsonaro said, claiming Brazil was operating under a “state of exception”.

The defeated candidate also accused electoral authorities of allowing irregularities during the presidential run-off, alleging that his opponents had violated electoral rules.

Bolsonaro said he received a court order requiring him to surrender his passports and prohibiting him from leaving Brazil.

Despite the order, he departed Brazil on Tuesday and arrived in Miami on Wednesday after travelling through Argentina and Ecuador.

The senator is under investigation for alleged money laundering and corruption but has not been charged. He denies wrongdoing and maintains that the proceedings are politically motivated.

Bolsonaro lost the presidential run-off to incumbent President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva by more than 4.4 million votes but has refused to concede defeat, alleging electoral irregularities.

His complaints include extended voting hours at some polling stations following transport disruptions and severe weather.

“The money is Qatari money; the hands are the hands of Ahmad Tibi,” he said, accusing the senior Arab politician of involvement in the alleged fraud . Ben-Gvir also accused Qatar of attempting to influence Israel's political system through financial support.

However, Israel's Central Election s Committee rejected allegations of systematic voter fraud, saying its investigation would not change the election results.

Qatar dismissed the accusations as “ridiculous and dangerous in equal measure,” while Tibi denied wrongdoing and accused Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of attempting to discredit the vote.

The dispute follows Israel's October 27 election, which saw Netanyahu's governing bloc lose its parliamentary majority.

Final results released on Friday gave Netanyahu's bloc 53 seats in the 120-member Knesset, compared with 48 for the opposition alliance led by Gadi Eisenkot.

Arab-led parties secured a record 19 seats, nearly doubling their representation and potentially becoming decisive in coalition negotiations. With neither major bloc reaching the 61 seats required for a majority, Israel faces uncertainty over the formation of its next government .

Hundreds reportedly joined similar demonstrations in Jerusalem and Haifa, calling for political cooperation between Jewish and Arab parties to break the parliamentary deadlock.

The protests followed early election projections suggesting Arab-led parties could secure 17 seats in Israel's 120-member Knesset, potentially giving them a decisive role in forming the next government.

Partial results released on Wednesday showed Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's bloc projected to win 54 seats, compared with 49 for opposition leader Gadi Eisenkot's alliance.

With 84.5% of ballot boxes counted, neither bloc had secured the 61 seats required for a parliamentary majority.

Voter turnout reached 77.7%, reportedly the highest since 1999, in Israel's first general election since the October 7, 2023, Hamas-led attacks and the subsequent wars.

The inconclusive results have left Israel facing coalition negotiations as rival political blocs seek a path to forming the next government .

“I didn't endorse in Brazil. I thought I'd stay out of that one,” Trump said. “The end result, you know, it's fine, the end result. But the way they got to the end was terrible.”

Trump also expressed support for defeated presidential candidate Flávio Bolsonaro and his family, describing them as “fine people” and saying he would approve their entry into the United States .

Washington has already confirmed plans to grant US visas to Bolsonaro and his family, amid growing uncertainty over the senator's whereabouts.

Brazilian electoral authorities declared Lula the winner with 51.79% of valid votes, compared with Bolsonaro's 48.21%, a margin exceeding 4.4 million votes.

Bolsonaro has refused to concede defeat, alleging electoral fraud. He also faces investigations into alleged corruption , money laundering and tax evasion, accusations he denies.

Early results showed Netanyahu's Likud party emerging as the largest single party with 27 seats, followed by Eisenkot's newly formed Yashar party with 21 seats.

However, both Netanyahu's coalition and Eisenkot's opposition alliance appeared to have secured just over 50 seats each, falling short of the 61 needed to control Israel's 120-seat Knesset.

Meanwhile, Arab-led parties recorded historically high voter turnout and were projected to win between 16 and 19 seats, potentially giving them a decisive role in determining the next government .

With no clear majority emerging, coalition negotiations are expected to begin as Israel faces uncertainty over its next leadership.

Protester Tzofnat Mor accused Netanyahu of failing Israel on security, diplomacy and social issues , urging voters to push for change.

“I think October 7th proved to all of us that he failed,” she said. Another protester, Eli Blair, declared that Netanyahu's era was over, saying Israelis wanted a fresh start.

Protesters also demanded a state commission of inquiry into the security failures surrounding October 7, accusing the government of avoiding accountability.

Netanyahu has opposed a judicially appointed inquiry, arguing it would be biased against his administration. Opposition parties have pledged to establish one if elected.

Israelis will vote on October 27 to elect a new 120-seat Knesset, with 61 seats required for a parliamentary majority.

The election will determine whether Netanyahu remains in power or opposition parties form a new government .

Voters were seen arriving at the embassy, undergoing registration checks and casting their ballots electronically, while others gathered outside after voting.

Erasto Santos Cruz, who has lived in China for nine years, expressed concern that a Bolsonaro victory could weaken relations between Beijing and Brasília. “If Lula wins, it's a guarantee that China's relationship with Brazil will keep getting better and better, because Lula is an old friend of China,” he told Viory.

Hernandes Miguel, who travelled from Wuhan to vote, warned that a change in leadership could threaten progress in public education and social programmes introduced under previous administrations.

Another voter, Wagner Lacerda Dantas, described the election as crucial for Brazil's environmental policies , particularly the protection of the Amazon rainforest, and its international partnerships.

Meanwhile, Lara Vidal said she believed Lula's re-election would help Brazil resist political pressure from Washington and strengthen Latin America's independence.

The run-off follows a narrow first-round vote on October 4, when Bolsonaro secured approximately 47% against Lula's 45%.

Cleaning worker Jehova Pessoa de Lima, 64, criticised Bolsonaro's perceived ties to US President Donald Trump and Argentina's Javier Milei, saying they had undermined his confidence in the candidate.

Gabriela Ribeiro Viana de Araujo, 29, said her concerns centred on protecting social policies and preventing what she feared could become a dictatorship.

However, cook Igor de Assis Coutinho, 42, argued that Brazil needed political change after years of governance by Lula and his allies.

“I think this is the time for a change,” he told the AFP, adding that although Bolsonaro was not his preferred candidate, he would support him over Lula.

Meanwhile, cleaning worker Damião da Silva, 69, praised Lula's commitment to poorer Brazilians, describing him as a president who prioritised low-income communities.

The run-off will take place on October 25, 2026.

Thousands of supporters joined the march, calling for continued mobilisation in the final days of the campaign.

Journalist Merrina Delgado expressed concern about Brazil's political future, accusing the Bolsonaro camp of threatening democratic progress. “We still have a few days to win votes,” Delgado said, urging Lula's supporters to remain active until polling day.

Influencer Fernando Saldanha also expressed confidence that Lula could reverse the first-round result in the state, describing the election as a broader struggle against what he called fascism.

Lawyer Laura Xavier said she joined the demonstration over concerns about foreign economic influence, particularly from the United States , and the future of Brazil's political left.

The rally formed part of Lula's final campaign push in Minas Gerais, where both candidates are seeking to secure crucial votes ahead of Sunday's election.

“Do we want a Brazil that kisses the Brazilian flag, or do we want a Brazil that goes on all fours before the American flag?” Lula asked.

The president has made national sovereignty a central theme of his re-election campaign, repeatedly questioning the Bolsonaro camp's ties with Washington.

Lula also urged supporters to intensify their campaign efforts both on the streets and online, describing the final days before the election as a decisive political battle.

“Lula's army cannot leave the streets, cannot leave the digital networks,” he declared, describing his supporters as an “army of dignity” and democracy .

The president also challenged Bolsonaro to disclose his financial and telephone records before agreeing to another televised debate, following a heated exchange over corruption allegations during their first debate on Sunday.

The candidates also discussed public healthcare and the COVID-19 pandemic under the presidency of Flávio Bolsonaro’s father, Jair Bolsonaro. Flávio acknowledged shortcomings in his father’s handling of the crisis, saying: “I’ll offer a mea culpa here.”

The debate took place as both candidates sought to attract undecided voters ahead of the second round. Bolsonaro received 47% of the vote in the first round on 4 October, compared with Lula’s 45%.

A second televised debate is scheduled for 23 October, two days before Brazilians go to the polls .

The dispute began after Lula's campaign accused Meta, which owns Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp, of restricting the reach of its political content and limiting its ability to promote posts. The campaign also raised concerns after tests suggested that Meta AI generated election-related images for Flávio Bolsonaro but refused similar requests involving Lula.

On 15 October, Brazil's Superior Electoral Court (TSE) ordered Meta not to reduce the distribution of posts related to presidential candidates, block recommendations or restrict search results. The decision also required equal treatment for both campaigns and established a daily fine of R$500,000 (approximately US$99,000) for non-compliance

The following day, the court confirmed the order, which included measures to prevent unequal treatment of the candidates' content during the final stage of the campaign. Meta said it had temporarily prohibited recommendations of candidates and the generation of images of them in line with Brazilian electoral rules.

However, the court later found the company's explanations insufficient. On 18 October, Bellizze gave Meta 24 hours to provide clear reports in Portuguese detailing the measures it had taken and distinguishing those required by the court from those introduced by the company itself.

Meta has denied political bias, attributing the issues identified on its platforms to technical problems. The court's proceedings concern the platform's handling and distribution of electoral content, rather than the legality of the candidates' own campaign messages.

With the run-off scheduled for 25 October, the case has brought renewed attention to the role of social media platforms and artificial intelligence in Brazil's electoral process.

For more information, read the full article on Global South World Brazil.

Luka Franca, an electoral lawyer and co-director of the Feminist Institute Kuira, said women’s demands must be part of the presidential debate, noting that women represent more than half the electorate. President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Senator Flávio Bolsonaro are competing in the run-off, in which women’s votes could play a significant role.

That earlier visit sparked controversy after Israel’s Central Elections Committee ordered Netanyahu to remove a video of the appearance from his personal social media accounts, ruling that it contained elements of election propaganda. US President Donald Trump publicly endorsed Netanyahu’s re-election bid on Sunday.

During the event, Lula celebrated a constitutional reform ending Brazil's six-day working week with one day off, known as the 6x1 system.

Under the reform, maximum weekly working hours will gradually fall to 42 in December 2026 and 40 in December 2027, without salary reductions.

Lula described the changes as a victory for workers, particularly women who balance paid employment with family responsibilities.

Supporters welcomed the reform and expressed confidence in his re-election campaign. “I am very happy and I have faith that we are going to achieve this victory,” said supporter Ana Luiza Santana.

The president also urged older voters and those who abstained in the first round to participate in the October 25 vote. Lula warned against a return of Bolsonarismo, arguing that the election would determine the future of labour rights and social policies in Brazil.

Lula has presented the proposal as a victory for workers, arguing that two days off would allow people to spend more time with their families and care for their children . At the rally, supporters urged voters to back his re-election, while Janja said ending the 6x1 rota would be a major achievement, particularly for women.

Protesters voiced concerns over workers' rights, women's rights and Brazil's sovereignty, warning against what they described as the growing influence of the far right.

Camila Lisboa, a member of the Socialism and Freedom Party's feminist caucus, criticised Bolsonaro's candidacy, accusing him of being disconnected from the realities of working-class Brazilians.

Another demonstrator, Taisa, expressed frustration over labour conditions and warned against potential threats to women's rights and what she viewed as growing US influence.

Other participants called for stronger political mobilisation among workers and young people ahead of the vote. “We want to defeat the far right that is coming on strong and does not represent the rights of workers, students and the Brazilian people,” demonstrator Julia said.

The rally followed Brazil's October 4 first-round election , in which Bolsonaro secured 47.03 per cent of the vote against Lula's 45.16 per cent. The two candidates will face each other in the October 25 run-off.

Speaking to the congregation, Bolsonaro accused his political opponents of spreading lies and portrayed the country's political divisions as part of a spiritual struggle.

“Facing this spiritual war that Brazil is going through at this moment is not easy,” he said.

Bolsonaro also linked his presidential ambitions to his religious beliefs, expressing faith in what he described as God's plan for Brazil.

“I cling to what I believe is God's plan for our nation,” he told worshippers, adding that he hoped God's will would ultimately prevail.

The candidate also voiced support for his father, former President Jair Bolsonaro, who was sentenced to 27 years and three months in prison over a plot to overturn the 2022 election result.

“President Bolsonaro will be set free and Madureira will be there. Brazil will have a new president and Madureira will be there,” he declared.

The appearance forms part of Bolsonaro's efforts to consolidate evangelical support before his run-off contest against incumbent President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva on October 25.

“We are aligned to declare war, from January next year, on the narco-terrorists of Comando Vermelho, of the PCC, and on the militias,” Bolsonaro said, outlining their proposed security agenda.

The senator also urged supporters to mobilise on the streets and social media ahead of the October 25 presidential run-off, calling on them to counter what he described as misinformation about his campaign.

Beyond security, Bolsonaro proposed vocational training programmes aimed at improving economic opportunities for poorer Brazilians.

The meeting came amid uncertainty over Rio de Janeiro's governorship election . A court ruling concerning annulled votes and a revised tally could potentially allow Ruas to be declared governor-elect without a run-off against rival Eduardo Paes.

“Brazilian youth is here today because we are not going to accept the rise of the far right,” demonstrator Maia said, accusing Bolsonaro's political movement of threatening the rights of Black people , women and LGBT+ communities.

Other protesters expressed confidence in Lula's chances, while raising concerns about US influence in Latin American politics. Demonstrator Gustavo said Washington's policies had a significant impact on the region.

Students also called for greater voter participation, with demonstrator Alexandre urging those who abstained in the first round to vote in the run-off.

The protest followed Sunday's election, in which Bolsonaro secured 47.03 per cent of valid votes against Lula's 45.16 per cent. Neither candidate won an outright majority, sending the presidential race to a second round.

“I believe that division is what is harming Brazilian politics ,” voter Felipe Pilissari said. “There is a prevailing sense of hatred and resentment between both sides. We need to find a balance.”

The comments followed a narrow first-round lead for Senator Flavio Bolsonaro, who secured 47.03 per cent of valid votes against President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s 45.16 per cent. Neither won more than half, triggering an October 25 run-off.

While conservative voter Santos Neto welcomed the result, others expressed concern about the country’s political direction. Daiane Alves said political disagreements were fuelling hatred, while Heitor Albuquerque raised concerns about attacks on institutions.

Bolsonaro also gained ground in municipalities that backed Lula in 2022, while his Liberal Party secured 121 of the 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. The run-off comes four years after Lula narrowly defeated Bolsonaro’s father, Jair Bolsonaro, in the 2022 presidential election .

Bolsonaro also invoked his father, former president Jair Bolsonaro, who is serving a 27-year sentence under house arrest over the alleged coup plot following the 2022 election .

The Liberal Party candidate pledged tax and bureaucracy cuts alongside tougher security measures, including more than half a million additional prison places and sentences of up to 80 years for leaders of criminal organisations. He also vowed to designate the PCC, Comando Vermelho and militias as terrorist groups.

Bolsonaro criticised Lula and presented himself as an alternative to the incumbent. “You look at Lula and you see the past; you look at Flavio and you see the future,” he said.

Bolsonaro won 47.03 per cent of valid votes in the first round, ahead of Lula on 45.16 per cent. The two will face each other in the October 25 run-off.

Brazil heads to runoff after Flávio Bolsonaro finishes ahead of Lula

05:00 GMT: Brazil will hold a presidential run-off on October 25 after right-wing challenger Flávio Bolsonaro finished ahead of incumbent Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva but fell short of the majority needed to win outright.

With 99% of votes counted, Bolsonaro had 47.03% against Lula’s 45.16%. The result exceeded expectations after a close campaign in which the left-wing president had polled slightly ahead.

Bolsonaro enters the second round with a potential advantage: some eliminated candidates offered right-wing alternatives, giving him a pool of voters to court. Both contenders now have three weeks to broaden their support in a contest with consequences beyond Brazil.

00:20 GMT: Brazil’s presidential election heads to a runoff, with Flávio Bolsonaro ahead of Lula in the first-round vote

23:00 GMT: Global South World Brazil is providing real-time updates throughout the night, with detailed coverage of the vote count, the presidential race and state-level results.

Follow the live coverage here for the latest updates.

For the official vote count, follow the results here , with updates as the votes are counted.

21:00 GMT: One hour after polls close, the first rapid-count results are in. With 27.88% of polling stations counted, Flávio Bolsonaro has 50.85% of the vote, while Lula has 41.05%. Live count ongoing.

17:00 GMT: Millions of Brazilians are voting in a closely contested presidential election between President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Senator Flávio Bolsonaro. The race has been shaped by debates over sovereignty, religion, corruption and the role of the courts. Watch the live coverage on Global South World’s YouTube channel to learn more about the context.

16:15 GMT: Lula says Brazil’s election is about choosing the country’s future, framing the choice as one between strengthening democracy and “barbarism”, development and “backwardness”. He said he is confident of victory, citing his government’s record and the nationwide support he believes his campaign has built.

16:00 GMT: Flávio Bolsonaro calls for change as Brazilians head to the polls, saying the country cannot endure another four years under the current government and presenting himself as the alternative. He urged voters to remain calm and aware, saying he is ready to lead Brazil and restore people’s ability to dream.

14:10 GMT: Lula and Bolsonaro vote early in Brazil’s election, as nearly 160 million voters choose the president along with governors, members of the Chamber of Deputies, two-thirds of the Senate and regional representatives, with a possible second round on October 25

12:52 GMT: Flávio Bolsonaro says he wants to win Brazil’s election to “guarantee their freedom” after casting his vote, as the presidential race remains closely contested and voters head to the polls across the country

12:30 GMT: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva votes in Brazil’s general election. Major polls show a closely contested race as electoral authorities make final preparations for the key voting day

11:49 GMT: Brazil decides: Lula and Flávio Bolsonaro face off for presidency

11:00 GMT: Voting stations open across Brazil, and will remain open until 17:00 local time

10:38 GMT: Rio steps up security ahead of vote

Authorities in Rio de Janeiro are monitoring election day from the city’s Command and Control Centre as voters head to the polls in Brazil’s closely contested presidential election. The centre is coordinating police and other security forces as President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva seeks another term against Senator Flávio Bolsonaro.

Voting will begin simultaneously nationwide at 8 a.m. Brasília time, or 11 a.m. GMT, following the introduction of standardised voting hours across Brazil’s different time zones.

Polls will remain open until 8 p.m. GMT. Anyone already waiting in line at closing time will still be allowed to vote.

Results are expected to begin appearing shortly after polls close.

Election atmosphere before polls open

October 3: São Paulo voters raise sovereignty and BRICS concerns ahead of election

Residents of São Paulo have voiced concerns about Brazil’s sovereignty and international role as the country prepares for Sunday’s presidential election between President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Senator Flávio Bolsonaro.

Voter Danilo described the election as one of Brazil’s most consequential, saying he feared the result could expose the country to pressure from foreign powers. “I really believe that, depending on the outcome of the election, we could face some sort of foreign intervention, particularly from the US,” he said.

The comments came as the US suspended consular services at its embassy and consulates in Brazil on Friday, citing unspecified security concerns. Washington did not link the decision to Sunday’s election.

Another resident, Roberto, said he believed the timing of the closures was intended to influence voters, describing it as “foreign interference”. His claim has not been established by US authorities, which have said the suspension was for security reasons.

Brazil’s role in BRICS was also among voters’ concerns. Resident Andre said he believed a Bolsonaro victory could significantly alter Brazil’s position within the bloc, while a Lula victory would maintain its current direction.

October 2: 'Flávio cannot win' - Young Brazilian voters weigh choices

University students in Rio de Janeiro have shared their views on Brazil's presidential race, with some preparing to vote for the first time in Sunday's closely contested election.

Students at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) stressed the importance of understanding candidates and their proposals as the campaign between President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Senator Flávio Bolsonaro enters its final days.

September 30: Brazil voters divided between Lula and Flávio Bolsonaro ahead of election

Brazilian voters in Porto Alegre and Recife expressed contrasting views ahead of the presidential election, as President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva seeks re-election against Senator Flávio Bolsonaro.

September 29: How a false claim about Brazil’s patron saint became a presidential election issue

With one week to go before the first round of Brazil’s presidential election, a 2007 bill proposing to restrict the title of Brazil’s patron saint, held by Our Lady of Aparecida, to Catholics began circulating on social media and was used to undermine the candidacy of Senator Flávio Bolsonaro (PL).

The proposal, authored by former congressman Victorio Galli, then a member of the PMDB, was shelved years ago by the Chamber of Deputies. It gained traction after being falsely associated with Bolsonaro, fueled by the fact that he is an evangelical Christian and has previously commented on the relationship between religion and the state. Bolsonaro, however, has never introduced any proposal to change the saint’s official status.

The controversy escalated when actor and comedian Antonio Tabet posted a message claiming that “the militia family hates Black women so much that it decided to attack Our Lady of Aparecida.” Bolsonaro’s legal team then took the case to the Electoral Court, alleging that the post spread disinformation.

The post received millions of views and gave President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s (PT) campaign an opportunity to use the controversy against his opponent while seeking to expand its support among religious voters. Read more

September 27: ‘Lo Que Le Pasó a Hawaii’: Bad Bunny song backs Lula campaign in Brazil

Hundreds of supporters of Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva gathered in Rio de Janeiro on Sunday, September 27, to celebrate the authorisation of a Bad Bunny song for his re-election campaign.

The event, known as “CarnaLula”, was held as part of the nationwide “Bora Lula” mobilisation ahead of the 4 October first round. Supporters danced, played music and waved campaign flags while celebrating the use of Bad Bunny’s “Lo Que Le Pasó a Hawaii” (What Happened to Hawaii), which was adapted into Portuguese for a campaign video focused on Brazilian sovereignty and natural resources.

Bad Bunny’s team authorised Lula’s campaign to use and adapt the song for the electoral video, which was released on September 24 in a Portuguese version. The original song, from the Puerto Rican singer’s album Debí Tirar Más Fotos (I Should Have Taken More Photos), reflects on Puerto Rico’s history and warns about the loss of land, culture and identity, drawing parallels with the impact of US influence on the island.

The adapted song retains the original melody while incorporating themes related to Brazil, including its territory, rivers, beaches and rare earth minerals. The campaign video also references US President Donald Trump and criticism of foreign influence, echoing Lula’s recent emphasis on Brazilian sovereignty during his address to the UN General Assembly.

September 26: Lula warns against foreign interference in Brazil's election

Brazilian President and re-election candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva defended the country's electoral sovereignty during a campaign rally in São Paulo on Saturday, September 26, warning against foreign interference ahead of the October 4 presidential election.

September 25: Flávio Bolsonaro pledges war on organised crime in Brazil

Brazilian presidential candidate Flávio Bolsonaro used a police graduation ceremony in Rio de Janeiro to pledge tougher action against organised crime if elected.

Speaking after a ceremony for newly trained Military Police officers on September 25, Bolsonaro said police would be central to his security plans and pledged to “declare war on the narco-terrorists” from January if he takes office. He also thanked police forces for their work, saying they play a key role in protecting public security.

Bolsonaro also criticised President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva over the government’s move to restrict online betting, accusing him of acting for electoral reasons. Flávio said he supports banning online casinos while distinguishing them from regulated sports betting. The election is due to take place on 4 October, with recent polls showing a close race between Lula and Flávio, although results vary between surveys.

Lula faces Bolsonaro’s son

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , of the Workers’ Party, is seeking a fourth presidential term overall and a second consecutive term since returning to office in 2023. Vice-President Geraldo Alckmin is again his running mate.

His main challenger, Flávio Bolsonaro of the Liberal Party, is a senator representing Rio de Janeiro and the eldest son of former president Jair Bolsonaro. He is running alongside congressman Alfredo Gaspar and seeking to return his father’s conservative movement to the presidency.

The other candidates

Twelve presidential candidates remain following Leonardo Avalanche’s withdrawal on September 30. Other contenders include Ronaldo Caiado , Romeu Zema , Renan Santos and Augusto Cury .

A Datafolha poll released on October 1 showed Lula with 42% of total voting intentions and Bolsonaro with 38%. Among valid voting intentions, Lula had 45% and Bolsonaro 40%. In a simulated run-off, Lula’s 48% against Bolsonaro’s 45% represented a statistical tie within the poll’s margin of error.

The survey interviewed 2,506 electors between September 29 and October 1, with a national margin of error of two percentage points. The figures leave the outcome uncertain and suggest the contest could continue to a second round.

How Brazil elects its president

A presidential candidate must receive more than 50% of valid votes to win in the first round. Blank and invalid ballots are not included when calculating that majority.

If no candidate crosses that threshold, the two leading candidates will advance to a runoff on October 25.

The president and vice-president are elected together on a single ticket for a four-year term.

What else is being decided?

Each voter will make six selections:

Brazil is electing two senators from each of its 26 states and the Federal District, producing 54 Senate seats in total. Senators serve eight-year terms.

All 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies are also being contested.

Governors must win more than half of valid votes to avoid a second round. Runoffs may therefore be held in individual states even if the presidential election is settled in the first round.

Why the election matters

The contest will determine the direction of Latin America’s largest economy and most populous country.

The result could affect Brazil’s environmental policy, management of the Amazon, economic reforms and relationships with China, the United States, the European Union and other Global South countries.

The election is also a test of whether Brazil’s political system can move beyond the intense polarisation that has characterised national politics since Jair Bolsonaro’s rise to power.

Possible outcomes

Lula wins in the first round

Lula would need more than half of all valid votes. Final surveys suggest this remains possible but unlikely.

Lula and Bolsonaro advance to a runoff

Polling indicates that this is the most probable outcome. A second-round campaign would run until October 25, with surveys showing little separation between the two candidates.

A surprise performance by another candidate

Augusto Cury, Ronaldo Caiado and Renan Santos remain well behind the two leaders but could influence whether the election proceeds to a runoff and how their supporters vote in the second round.

When will results be available?

Electronic counting can begin once voting ends at 8 p.m. GMT.

Brazil uses electronic voting machines that operate offline during voting. Results are transmitted to the electoral authorities after polls close and are generally counted within several hours.

Official results will be published by Brazil’s Superior Electoral Court.

If required, the second round will take place on Sunday, October 25, 2026, with the same polling hours 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. GMT.

The comments came as the US suspended consular services at its embassy and consulates in Brazil on Friday, citing unspecified security concerns. Washington did not link the decision to Sunday’s election.

Another resident, Roberto, said he believed the timing of the closures was intended to influence voters, describing it as “foreign interference”. His claim has not been established by US authorities, which have said the suspension was for security reasons.

Brazil’s role in BRICS was also among voters’ concerns. Resident Andre said he believed a Bolsonaro victory could significantly alter Brazil’s position within the bloc, while a Lula victory would maintain its current direction.

More than 158 million Brazilians are eligible to vote on Sunday. If no candidate receives more than half of valid votes, a second round will be held on October 25.

“We have to know who these politicians are, know their proposals, because it is the future of our country,” student Pedro Henrique said. He expressed opposition to Bolsonaro, arguing that the rights of students, young people , Black Brazilians and LGBTQ people could be threatened under his presidency.

Student Vicky Rodrigues, who indicated support for Lula, raised concerns about possible US intervention in Brazil and access to the country's strategic resources. She argued that protecting Brazil's sovereignty should remain a priority regardless of the election outcome.

Voting in Brazil is compulsory for people aged 18 to 70 and optional for 16- and 17-year-olds. If no candidate wins more than half of valid votes on Sunday, a second round will be held on October 25.

The results will determine both who leads the country and how much support the next government has to address household finances, public security and pressure on public services.

Lula faces Bolsonaro’s son

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, of the Workers’ Party, is seeking a fourth presidential term overall and a second consecutive term since returning to office in 2023. Vice-President Geraldo Alckmin is again his running mate.

His main challenger, Flávio Bolsonaro of the Liberal Party, is a senator representing Rio de Janeiro and the eldest son of former president Jair Bolsonaro. He is running alongside congressman Alfredo Gaspar and seeking to return his father’s conservative movement to the presidency.

Twelve presidential candidates remain following Leonardo Avalanche’s withdrawal on September 30. Other contenders include Ronaldo Caiado, Romeu Zema, Renan Santos and Augusto Cury.

A Datafolha poll released on October 1 showed Lula with 42% of total voting intentions and Bolsonaro with 38%. Among valid voting intentions, Lula had 45% and Bolsonaro 40%. In a simulated run-off, Lula’s 48% against Bolsonaro’s 45% represented a statistical tie within the poll’s margin of error.

The survey interviewed 2,506 electors between September 29 and October 1, with a national margin of error of two percentage points. The figures leave the outcome uncertain and suggest the contest could continue to a second round.

Household finances and public spending

The candidates offer different approaches to managing the economy and financing government programmes.

Lula proposes maintaining his administration’s fiscal framework while protecting social spending and public investment. He also supports consolidating the consumption-tax reform approved during his current term.

Bolsonaro proposes cutting at least 10 ministries, reducing appointed positions and changing fiscal rules to lower public debt relative to the economy. He wants to review the tax reform to reduce the burden on production and consumption.

These proposals will influence how Brazil balances demands for jobs and better services with pressure to control spending and borrowing costs. Major changes would require support from Congress.

Security and violence against women

Public safety has been a major campaign concern, with violence against women receiving particular attention. Women account for 53% of the electorate, making their support crucial to both leading candidates.

Bolsonaro has proposed chemical castration for sex offenders and expanded assistance for victims. Lula has pledged to strengthen existing protections, including real-time monitoring of offenders wearing electronic ankle bracelets. Both support tougher penalties, which would require parliamentary approval.

The Amazon and Indigenous land rights

Brazil contains about 60% of the Amazon rainforest, giving its environmental decisions consequences beyond its borders.

Lula’s programme targets zero net deforestation by 2030. Bolsonaro promises to end illegal deforestation by 2029, while easing environmental licensing and allowing Indigenous communities greater discretion over economic activities on their land.

The distinction between the targets matters: ending illegal clearing still permits authorised forest loss. Environmental specialists warn that weaker protections could reverse recent progress against deforestation. Despite these stakes, Amazon conservation has received relatively little attention during the campaign.

Congress, the courts and accountability

The congressional elections will shape the next president’s ability to pass legislation, approve budgets and carry out campaign promises. Senators also approve senior appointments and conduct presidential impeachment trials. Those elected this year will serve eight-year terms.

Jair Bolsonaro’s conviction for attempting to overturn his 2022 election defeat remains part of the political backdrop. Flávio Bolsonaro has advocated an amnesty, with a presidential pardon as a possible alternative. Either proposal would face legal questions; a victory would not automatically secure his father’s release.

The Banco Master controversy has also kept judicial accountability in the campaign debate. On October 1, Lula defended Justice Flávio Dino’s decision to pause proceedings concerning allegations involving Justice Alexandre de Moraes and banker Daniel Vorcaro. The allegations remain distinct from established findings of wrongdoing.

How the electoral process works

Voting across Brazil will take place from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Brasília time , with corresponding local hours in other time zones. People already queuing when polling stations close may still vote.

Voting is compulsory for literate citizens aged 18 to 70. It is optional for 16- and 17-year-olds, people over 70 and people who cannot read or write. Voters must present an accepted photo ID.

Most voters casting ballots in Brazil will make six choices on an electronic voting machine, in this order: federal deputy, state or Federal District deputy, two different senators, governor and president.

Votes for president and governor automatically include their running mates. Repeating the same Senate candidate invalidates the second Senate vote. Electors registered abroad vote only for president and vice-president.

To win the presidency or a governorship in the first round, a candidate must receive more than half of valid votes. Blank and invalid ballots do not count towards that threshold. If nobody achieves it, the two leading candidates contest a run-off on 25 October.

Senators are elected in a single round, with the two highest-polling candidates in each state and the Federal District winning. Deputies are elected through proportional representation, meaning party and federation vote totals help determine how seats are allocated.

Official results will begin appearing from 5 p.m ., Brasília time, according to the TSE. Even if the presidential race continues to a run-off, Sunday’s congressional results will already have shaped the next government’s ability to act.

Music producer Daniel Roitman also supported Lula, pointing to the cultural sector and his assessment of former president Jair Bolsonaro's government. Administrator Flavia Zambom, meanwhile, backed Flavio Bolsonaro, highlighting proposals including lowering the age of criminal responsibility.

In Recife, Lula retains support among some voters who credit his governments with giving greater attention to Brazil's Northeast. Helena de Andrade Bezerra said the region's political trend remained more favourable to Lula, while Sergio Ferreira said he would vote for Bolsonaro because he believed the senator could “move Brazil forward”.

Professor Fernando Brancoli of the Federal University of Rio said Brazil's regional voting patterns reflect broader economic, social and political differences, warning that the country's electoral divide cannot be explained solely along North-South lines.

Bad Bunny’s team authorised Lula’s campaign to use and adapt the song for the electoral video, which was released on September 24, in a Portuguese version. The original song, from the Puerto Rican singer’s album Debí Tirar Más Fotos ( I Should Have Taken More Photos), reflects on Puerto Rico’s history and warns about the loss of land, culture and identity, drawing parallels with the impact of US influence on the island.

The adapted song retains the original melody while incorporating themes related to Brazil, including its territory, rivers, beaches and rare earth minerals. The campaign video also references US President Donald Trump and criticism of foreign influence, echoing Lula’s recent emphasis on Brazilian sovereignty during his address to the UN General Assembly.

Bolsonaro also criticised President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva over the government’s move to restrict online betting, accusing him of acting for electoral reasons. Flávio said he supports banning online casinos while distinguishing them from regulated sports betting. The election is due to take place on 4 October, with recent polls showing a close race between Lula and Flávio, although results vary between surveys.

The demonstration also served as a campaign platform for Flávio Bolsonaro, who is running for president in the October election . Speaking to supporters, he promised to reform the Supreme Court and said he would appoint five new justices if elected, while declaring that Moraes would lose his position. The rally came as Flávio and Lula remain closely matched in recent polling, highlighting the growing political importance of the dispute surrounding Brazil’s Supreme Court.

Zambia Police have summoned opposition leader Brian Mundubile and his running mate Makebi Zulu for questioning over alleged offences linked to national security, days after a tense presidential election and a deadly security operation involving senior opposition figures. The development is among the major stories highlighted in the August 21 media briefing. Mundubile, the presidential candidate of the National Reconciliation Party for Unity and Prosperity (NRPUP), finished second to President Hakainde Hichilema in the August 13 election. Police said Mundubile and Zulu had sought refuge with an international organisation and that authorities knew where they were. Police also said the organisation had been assured that the two men would receive due process and would not be harmed. Police said the pair would be questioned over what they described as “various alarming activities” taking place in the country, some allegedly connected to premises owned by or associated with them. Call-out notices were served on their lawyers. Mundubile has previously rejected allegations of a national security plot and described the authorities’ claims as fabricated.

Election monitors say Hichilema won but flag irregularities in 30 constituencies

The Christian Churches Monitoring Group (CCMG) says its independent assessment confirms that President Hakainde Hichilema received more than the 50% required to win Zambia’s presidential election without a run-off, but it also found serious discrepancies in results from 30 constituencies . The finding is one of the key developments identified in the briefing. CCMG deployed 1,500 stationary observers using its Process and Results Verification for Transparency methodology. It received results from 1,491 of the 1,500 sampled polling stations, representing 99.4% of its sample. Its statistical estimate put Hichilema, of the ruling UPND, at 56.0% ±1.7%, while Mundubile was estimated at 42.3% ±1.7%. Voter turnout was estimated at 53.5% ±0.6%, sharply below the 70.6% recorded in 2021. The official Electoral Commission of Zambia results gave Hichilema 60.49%, or 2,965,326 votes, against Mundubile’s 37.87%, or 1,856,217 votes. CCMG said the official totals did not fall within its estimated ranges because of results from 30 constituencies where official turnout was considerably higher than expected and the additional votes overwhelmingly benefited the UPND.

Law Association demands independent investigation into Mutotwe Kafwaya’s death

The Law Association of Zambia (LAZ) has called for an independent investigation into the death of former Transport and Communications Minister Mutotwe Kafwaya , saying conflicting accounts surrounding his death have raised serious questions. The call is highlighted in the August 21 briefing. Inspector General of Police Graphel Musamba confirmed that Kafwaya’s family had identified him as the man fatally wounded during a shootout in the Kabulonga area of Lusaka on Friday, August 14. His whereabouts had been the subject of speculation for several days following the security operation. Before confirmation of his death, Kafwaya’s wife, Dinis Ng’andu, had approached the Lusaka High Court seeking an urgent hearing of an application challenging what she believed was her husband’s “continued detention”.

Harry Findlay charged with financing terrorism as High Court judge steps aside

Zambian businessman Harry Findlay has been charged with financing terrorism under the Anti-Terrorism and Non-Proliferation Act, while the High Court judge initially assigned to his case has recused himself. The case is another of the major legal and security stories in the August 21 briefing. Findlay’s lawyer, Milner Katolo, confirmed the charge on August 20. Findlay had earlier filed an application for habeas corpus, challenging his continued detention after being held since August 4, 2026. Katolo said Lusaka High Court Judge Lameck Mwale recused himself from the case on professional grounds. The matter was subsequently sent back to the Judge in Charge for reassignment. Katolo said proceedings had initially started without Findlay being present. “The matter came up this morning at 11:30 hours,” he said, explaining that the proceedings were temporarily stood down until Findlay was brought to court.

ZCCM-IH swings from K39.85bn profit to K4.92bn loss

State-controlled mining investment company ZCCM Investments Holdings Plc (ZCCM-IH) recorded a K4.92 billion net loss for the financial year ended December 31, 2025, reversing a huge profit recorded the previous year. The financial result is among the leading economic stories in the briefing. ZCCM-IH reported a group net loss of ZMW4.92 billion, equivalent to US$195.6 million, compared with a net profit of ZMW39.85 billion, or US$1.52 billion, in 2024. The dramatic year-on-year reversal does not mean the underlying business simply lost more than K44 billion through normal operations. ZCCM-IH explained that its 2024 result had been heavily boosted by a one-off exceptional investment gain associated with the Mopani Strategic Equity Partner Transaction, which was not repeated in 2025. The company said the weaker 2025 performance also reflected the implementation of transformation initiatives intended to deliver longer-term shareholder value. Its 2025 results were published as ZCCM-IH continues restructuring and recapitalisation work across major mining investments, including Mopani Copper Mines and Konkola Copper Mines.

This brings our live coverage of Zambia’s 2026 elections to an end. Zambians now await the outcome of a vote observers have described as peaceful, with provisional results expected on August 14 and final presidential results by August 17. While some voters are backing President Hakainde Hichilema for a second term, others, particularly young voters, are calling for change. Follow Global South World for updates as Zambia waits to learn who will lead the country for the next five years.

20:00GMT: Provisional results to be announced on August 14

19:00GMT: Voting ends, ballot counting begins

17:30GMT: Litunga Lubosi Imwiko II casts his vote

17:00 GMT: Aspirant dies after casting vote in Mpika South

16:30 GMT: Voting time extended

13:30 GMT: Police recover 22 rounds of ammunition, summon Sean Tembo

12:50 GMT: Senior Chief Ishindi and his Queen, representing the Lunda-speaking people of Zambezi District in North-Western Province, have cast their ballots.

12:30 GMT: Presidential candidate, Kalaba votes

12:20 GMT: Archbishop Alick Banda casts his vote

12:00 GMT: NRPUP Presidential Candidate Brian Mundubile speaks to the media shortly after casting his vote.

11:36 GMT: Hichilema makes final push for second term

Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema made his final appeal to voters in Lusaka on Wednesday, urging them to back him for a second term and cast their ballots peacefully in the general election. Footage shows UPND supporters singing and waving party flags as Hichilema dances on stage before addressing the crowd.

"You can't forget where we came from. We came from a bad place. Do you want peace or do you want fights? If you want peace, vote for UPND," Hichilema said. He also asked voters to support his government’s social programmes and allow his administration to continue its work.

10:30 GMT: Vice President, Muntale Nalumango votes

Vice President Mutale Nalumango says the peaceful atmosphere at polling stations reflects Zambia’s commitment to democracy and peaceful elections.

10:20 GMT: Late Edgar Lungu's daughter votes amidst mourning her father

10:10 GMT: Some Chipata Central polling stations lack voting booths

10:10 GMT: Citizens complain about inefficiencies at polling grounds

10:00 GMT: Chief Sekute of Kazungula district casting his vote

Zambians are voting in presidential, parliamentary and local elections on Thursday, August 13, with President Hakainde Hichilema seeking a second five-year term. Polling stations opened at 06:00 local time and are due to close at 18:00, according to the Electoral Commission of Zambia. Some 8.79 million people are registered to vote.

Hichilema faces 13 challengers, with Brian Mundubile of the opposition Tonse Alliance regarded as his main rival.

The vote is widely seen as a test of Hichilema’s economic record: his government has restructured Zambia’s debt and overseen an economic recovery, but many voters continue to face high living costs and unemployment.

A presidential candidate must secure more than 50% of the vote to win outright; otherwise, the election goes to a runoff.

CGTP Secretary General Geronimo Lopez warned that workers would not accept reforms that undermine labour protections, while highlighting the gap between the minimum wage and the cost of living. Union representatives also raised concerns over possible cuts to benefits such as bonuses and Compensation for Time of Service (CTS), as well as recent legal developments that could allow the executive to challenge public spending measures. The union signalled that Thursday’s protest marks the beginning of further mobilisation ahead of the new administration taking office on 28 July.

Lula said Trump was free to support the Bolsonaro family but should refrain from attempting to influence Brazil's democratic process.

"As for me, he can keep sympathising with Bolsonaro, with the father, the son, or the grandson. There is no problem at all. That is his business. But do not interfere in Brazil's elections ," Lula said.

The remarks come amid scrutiny over Eduardo Bolsonaro's contacts with US officials. According to Brazil's Supreme Court, the congressman sought support from the US government to influence legal proceedings involving his father and to encourage sanctions and international pressure against Brazil and members of its judiciary.

"If there is anyone who needs to learn from civilised elections in Brazil, it is my friend Trump," Lula said. "I only hope he does not violate the code of ethics among nations that want their sovereignty to be respected," he added.

Lula said he briefly met Trump during the G7 gathering and stressed that relations between the two countries should be based on mutual respect and respect for national sovereignty.

"The only thing I want is the same respect for Brazil that I have for the United States ," he said. The Brazilian president also revealed that he handed Trump a document outlining alleged links between organised crime in Brazil and the United States, arguing that both countries could cooperate more closely to combat criminal networks.

"I gave him everything in writing because I do not want to limit myself to talking; President Trump talks a lot and listens little," Lula said.

[This article was corrected on June 19th, 2026 to remove incorrect details about the upcoming election.]

“I never back down," Orban told supporters. “I have a good biography, and you can be sure that I will not ruin it at the end.”

According to party officials, 729 of 737 delegates voted in favour of Orban’s re-election, giving him a one-year mandate as party leader.

During his speech, Orban also criticised the migration policies of Hungary’s new government led by the Tisza Party.

“The liberals who have come to power will open the gates, foreigners will come, and they will fleece Hungary,” he warned.

Orban’s Fidesz-KDNP alliance lost power in April after Peter Magyar’s Tisza Party won a parliamentary majority with more than 53% of the vote. Fidesz-KDNP secured just over 38%, ending Orban’s 16-year period in government .

The election campaign was marked by competing allegations of foreign interference. Orban’s government accused the European Union and Ukraine of attempting to influence the vote, claims rejected by Kyiv and opposition figures.

Meanwhile, Fujimori supporters voiced optimism about stability and security , praising her message of reconciliation and tougher action on crime. With quick counts showing a virtual tie and official results fluctuating as votes are processed, both camps remain confident as the final outcome hangs in the balance.

Quick count figures from Datum Internacional and Ipsos show Roberto Sanchez holding a narrow lead of less than one percentage point, while official preliminary results from ONPE indicate Fujimori ahead with a wider margin based on processed tally sheets. Final results are expected in mid-July, with the winner set to take office on 28 July 2026 for a five-year term.

Supporters echoed his message, chanting “For justice and dignity. Fujimori never again”, as quick-count results from Datum Internacional and Ipsos showed a virtual tie between the two candidates, with Sánchez holding a narrow lead.

Petro further alleged electoral fraud and said he does not recognise the preliminary vote count, while de la Espriella, who led the first round with 43.74% of the vote, called on him to accept the result. Ivan Cepeda secured 40.90%, forcing a second round scheduled for 21 June, when voters will decide the country’s next president after no candidate achieved an outright majority.

According to Garcia, 217 trucks are transporting materials for 29,266 voting tables across 2,253 polling centres.

“It was planned for all units to have a global satellite positioning system so we can monitor the location of each one in real time,” he told Viory.

Roberto Burneo, head of the National Elections Jury, said the operation demonstrated the strength and reliability of Peru's electoral system.

“These moments signify the guarantee of democracy , the guarantee that this second-round electoral process will be transparent and completely orderly,” Burneo said.

Peruvians will vote on Sunday in a runoff between Keiko Fujimori of the Popular Force party and left-wing candidate Roberto Sanchez of Together for Peru.

Fujimori secured 17.19 percent of the vote in the first round, while Sanchez received 12.03 percent, leaving both candidates seeking support from voters whose preferred contenders were eliminated.

More than 27 million Peruvians are eligible to cast ballots in the election, which will determine the country's president for the 2026–2031 term.

Cepeda further argued that proposals put forward by de la Espriella represent a risk, claiming they include the introduction of “mega-prisons” inspired by Central American policies and economic measures similar to those promoted by Argentina’s president Javier Milei. His remarks follow a ruling by a municipal criminal court in Bogotá prohibiting the use of the national team jersey in de la Espriella’s campaign. The second round of Colombia’s presidential election is set for 21 June and will determine the successor to President Gustavo Petro for the 2026–2030 term.

“It is a message of hope. It is a message of unity. It is a message not to lose faith in our future,” Fujimori told the crowd.

She also encouraged supporters to use social media and personal networks to promote her platform.

“There are only a few days left, and the race is very close,” she said. “I need you to help spread our proposals.”

Footage from the rally showed supporters waving flags, chanting slogans and recording the event on their mobile phones as Fujimori addressed the gathering.

The rally formed part of a nationwide campaign push by both candidates before Peruvians head to the polls on Sunday.

Fujimori secured 17.19 percent of the vote in the first round, while Sanchez, representing the Together for Peru coalition, received 12.03 percent, leaving both candidates seeking support from voters whose preferred contenders were eliminated.

Fujimori has focused her campaign on economic recovery, job creation and tackling crime, while Sanchez has advocated greater state involvement in the economy and institutional reforms. More than 27 million Peruvians are eligible to vote in the election.

The daughter of former president Alberto Fujimori, Keiko Fujimori is making another bid for the presidency after narrowly losing several previous elections .

Most participants forecast a victory for Fujimori, with one shaman claiming the ritual indicated she would assume the presidency. Others, however, offered differing views, suggesting Sanchez could win the popular vote while raising concerns about possible irregularities.

This concludes our live coverage of Ethiopia's 2026 general election. Stay with Global South World for more updates and information on the results and other interesting developments.

20:20 GMT: Private candidate Abraham Tilahun expresses "irregularities" on the digitally registered voting options.

17:00 GMT: misunderstandings erupt over voting delays

16:30 GMT: 'Ballot stronger than bullet': Ethiopian president votes

Speaking after casting his vote, Taye addressed concerns and criticism surrounding the election, emphasising that the occasion held a significance that extended beyond the political contest itself. “I’m very much excited. I know there are so many detractors out there. There's nothing new about it. It has been the case all over the world,” Taye said.

14:28 GMT: A contending party, the Gogot Party, alleges that its election observers have been beaten and forced to leave the election grounds in central Ethiopia's Welkite.

11:30 GMT: Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed casts his votes

8:50 GMT: Voters continue to queue to cast their ballots at the Beshale Katla polling station in Addis Ababa on June 1, 2026, during Ethiopia’s 2026 parliamentary elections.

8:30 GMT: AU election observer, Uhuru Kenyatta, notes slow election participation from Ethiopians.

8:15 GMT: Temesgen Tiruneh, Aspirant for the Office of Prime Minister, votes. He cast his vote alongside Amhara Regional Administration President Arega Kebede and Amhara Prosperity Party Office Head Yirga Sisay at the Hidase Election Station in Bahir Dar City this morning.

Millions remain unable to vote

Voting has begun across much of Ethiopia, but significant portions of the population have been excluded from the electoral process due to ongoing insecurity.

Most notably, the entire northern region of Tigray, home to an estimated six million people, has been left out of the election . The region is still recovering from a devastating two-year civil war that ended in 2022 and remains embroiled in political disputes with the federal government.

Authorities have also cancelled voting in some constituencies affected by violence in the Amhara and Oromia regions.

Abiy Ahmed seeks another mandate

Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's Prosperity Party is widely expected to emerge victorious, continuing its hold on power after a landslide win in the previous election.

Although Ethiopians vote for members of parliament rather than directly electing a prime minister, the party that secures a parliamentary majority will form the next government.

Abiy rose to power in 2018 amid widespread anti-government protests and was initially celebrated for political reforms, the release of jailed journalists and opposition figures, and efforts to make peace with neighbouring Eritrea, achievements that earned him the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize.

Key opposition parties and coalitions

Apart from Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and his ruling Prosperity Party, Ethiopia's 2026 election features a fragmented opposition landscape with several parties and coalitions competing for parliamentary seats. Analysts widely expect the opposition to struggle against the ruling party due to organisational weaknesses, security challenges, and political restrictions

Coalition for Ethiopian Unity (CEU)

A newly formed opposition alliance launched in 2025, the coalition brings together several parties, including the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP), Enat Party, All Ethiopian Unity Organisation, One Ethiopia Democratic Party, and Amhara Gionawi Movement Party. The coalition says it is contesting the election on a platform of national unity, democratic reforms, and improved governance.

Oromo Federalist Congress (OFC)

One of Ethiopia's best-known opposition parties, the OFC advocates greater federalism and regional autonomy, particularly for the Oromo people. Veteran opposition figure Merera Gudina has criticized the election environment, arguing that political conditions are not conducive to a genuinely competitive contest.

National Movement of Amhara (NaMA)

NaMA draws much of its support from the Amhara region and focuses on Amhara political interests, federalism, and security concerns. It emerged as one of the more prominent opposition parties following the 2021 election and remains one of the few opposition groups with parliamentary representation.

Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice (EZEMA)

Led by prominent politician Berhanu Nega, EZEMA presents itself as a national, non-ethnic political movement advocating democratic reforms, economic development, and institutional strengthening. The party has held seats in parliament and remains a recognisable opposition force.

Other registered national parties

Several additional parties are contesting the election, including the Oromo Liberation Front, Oromo Liberation Movement, Ethiopian People Revolutionary Party, Ethiopian Freedom Party, and All Ethiopian Unity Party, among dozens of others registered by the electoral board.

Ethiopia operates a parliamentary system , meaning citizens do not directly elect the prime minister. Instead, voters elect members of parliament, and the party or coalition that wins a majority forms the government.

Key facts

Ethiopians cast ballots for candidates seeking seats in the House of Peoples' Representatives, the country's lower house of parliament.

As more than 50 million Ethiopians are expected to vote in the 2026 election, Global South World will continue to provide updates as voting progresses and results begin to emerge.

This concludes our live coverage of Colombia’s 2026 general election. Stay with Global South World for more updates and information on Colombia’s presidential runoff.

23:30 GMT: Paloma Valencia officially announces her support for presidential candidate Abelardo de la Espriella ahead of Colombia’s runoff election.

22:30 GMT: With nearly 100% of votes counted in Colombia’s presidential election, Abelardo de la Espriella leads with over 43%, followed by Iván Cepeda with close to 41%, sending both candidates to a runoff to decide the country’s next president.

21:00 GMT: Polls close in Colombia’s 2026 presidential election.

20:05 GMT: After accompanying former president Álvaro Uribe during his voting in Rionegro, presidential candidate Paloma Valencia arrives at her polling station in Bogotá, where she casts her vote in Colombia’s presidential election.

18:05 GMT: Esteban González Pons, head of the European Union’s election observation mission, highlights the international monitoring effort in Colombia’s presidential vote, with more than 140 observers from Norway, Switzerland and Canada deployed across all regions to assess the process under democratic standards.

17:10 GMT: Interior Minister Armando Benedetti oversees the national monitoring centre as authorities track the presidential vote in real time, coordinating with regional governments and overseeing security, mobility and emergency response. More than 122,000 polling stations have been set up to serve over 41 million registered voters nationwide.

16:55 GMT: Presidential candidate Claudia López votes in Bogotá, urging Colombians to turn out in large numbers. Accompanied by her dog “Dulce”, she says she voted “with hope and optimism” for a country with more opportunities for young people and women, adding that the ballot remains the strongest tool to protect democracy and shape the future.

16:45 GMT: Senator Iván Cepeda, from the ruling Pacto Histórico party, casts his vote at Colegio San Lucas in Bogotá’s Kennedy district, where he is joined by dozens of supporters.

16:35 GMT: Journalist and former presidential pre-candidate Vicky Dávila casts her vote in Colombia’s presidential election.

15:00 GMT: Colombia’s Interior Ministry reports 443 complaints of electoral offences registered so far during Sunday’s vote.

14:30 GMT: Vice President Francia Márquez calls on Colombians to head to the polls and exercise their right to vote.

14:25 GMT: Presidential candidate Paloma Valencia calls on Colombian women to make history by electing the country’s first female president, saying “it is our time,” as she appears alongside former president Álvaro Uribe.

14:20 GMT: Presidential candidate Iván Cepeda, in a message to the nation, urged voters to back a future focused on reducing poverty and inequality, protecting natural resources and building a modern, diversified economy. He also emphasised hope over fear and unity over division, calling on Colombians to turn out and vote.

14:10 GMT: Presidential candidate Abelardo de la Espriella votes in Barranquilla, saying “we will defeat tyranny”.

13:45 GMT: Gustavo Petro casts his vote in Colombia’s presidential election, which will determine his successor for the 2026–2030 term.

13:30 GMT: President Gustavo Petro casts his vote in Bogotá’s Plaza de Bolívar, highlighting the ballot as a popular mandate to choose the leader who will guide Colombia for the next four years. He also reaffirmed electoral guarantees and dismissed past claims about seeking to remain in power or establish a dictatorship.

13:20 GMT: Córdoba Governor Erasmo Zuleta officially opens the electoral day, urging citizens to participate massively, freely and democratically in the presidential vote.

13:00 GMT: Voting gets underway in Colombia, with early lines reported at some of the country’s largest polling stations.

12:30 GMT: Colombia prepares to head to the polls as Bogotá readies key voting sites.

Polls are expected to open in Colombia’s presidential election at 8:00 am local time (13:00 GMT) and close at 4:00 pm local time (21:00 GMT).

What to know

Colombia is heading to the polls this Sunday, May 31, for its presidential election, where voters will choose a new president and vice president. More than 41 million citizens are eligible to vote. If no candidate secures over 50% of the valid vote, a runoff between the top two contenders will take place in the following weeks. Voting is not compulsory, but turnout remains a key factor in determining the outcome.

The election unfolds in a highly polarised political climate, with voters choosing between sharply different visions for the country. Issues such as security , education, economic stability and national sovereignty are at the centre of public debate, reflecting broader concerns about the country’s direction.

Colombian authorities have introduced several restrictions and security measures ahead of the election weekend, including a “ley seca” that bans alcohol sales in many areas, temporary border closures for Colombian nationals on election day, and increased deployments of police and military forces nationwide.

More than 13,000 voting sites have been established across the country, with approximately 800,000 citizens assigned as election jurors and vote counters.

Current polling indicates that three candidates are leading the race: Iván Cepeda from the left, Abelardo de la Espriella representing an anti-establishment right platform, and centre-right candidate Paloma Valencia. Analysts expect Cepeda to qualify for the second round, while competition for the second runoff position remains close between De la Espriella and Valencia.

The campaign period has included allegations of electoral fraud from President Gustavo Petro, alongside criticism of the election management system. However, Colombia’s electoral authorities, including the National Electoral Council (CNE), the Registraduría, and election observer groups, have rejected claims that the voting process lacks transparency.

Authorities have identified more than 200 municipalities as facing elevated risks of electoral violence or fraud, with concerns particularly focused on rural areas. Security concerns remain heightened following the assassination attempt on presidential pre-candidate Miguel Uribe last year.

Voters will also have the option to cast a “voto en blanco”, which is recognised as a formal protest vote rather than a spoiled ballot.

Key candidates & support

Iván Cepeda (Historic Pact)

A prominent left-wing figure, Cepeda has built his campaign around social justice, human rights and structural reform. His candidacy draws on the broader political movement associated with progressive forces in Colombia, appealing particularly to younger voters, urban sectors and those who support a stronger role for the state in addressing inequality. His supporters often frame his campaign within a long history of social struggles, positioning him as part of a project aimed at deepening democratic inclusion. Cepeda is considered one of the leading contenders, with a solid base but facing challenges in expanding his appeal among more conservative and undecided voters.

Abelardo de la Espriella (Defenders of the Homeland)

A right-leaning candidate and well-known lawyer, de la Espriella has centred his campaign on security, institutional order and a tougher stance on crime. He appeals to voters concerned about rising insecurity and those who favour stronger enforcement policies and a more conservative political direction. His message also resonates with sectors calling for balance in governance and sceptical of left-wing reforms. He has gained visibility and support among conservative voters, positioning himself as a competitive candidate in a fragmented field.

Paloma Valencia (Conservative Party)

She gained momentum after securing around 3.2 million votes in a March primary. Positioned as a more “moderate” conservative, she appeals to centre-right voters with a focus on security, institutional order and economic stability. A vocal critic of President Gustavo Petro and supporter of the “No” vote in the 2016 peace deal, she has a solid conservative base, though her polarising profile may limit broader appeal.

Debates and campaign dynamics

The absence of major televised debates in Colombia’s presidential race reflects both strategic decisions by candidates and the highly polarised political environment. Leading contenders have largely prioritised direct campaigning and controlled media appearances over open confrontation, seeking to avoid risks in a fragmented race with no clear frontrunner. At the same time, deep ideological divisions and mutual distrust between political camps have made consensus around debate formats more difficult, limiting opportunities for head-to-head exchanges ahead of the vote.

Political climate and stakes

This election is seen as a crucial moment for Colombia’s democracy, as it navigates deep divisions and competing narratives about its future. Campaign rhetoric has reflected these tensions, with candidates mobilising support around themes of change, stability and national identity.

Security remains a central concern for many voters, alongside economic challenges and questions about governance. The outcome will likely shape Colombia’s domestic and foreign policy direction, particularly in relation to international partnerships and internal reforms.

With no clear consensus among voters and a divided electorate, analysts expect a competitive race that could extend to a second round. The next administration will face the challenge of governing in a fragmented political environment while addressing key issues such as security, inequality and institutional trust.

Ultimately, the election will serve as a test of Colombia’s democratic resilience and its ability to navigate political polarisation while maintaining stability.

EZEMA deputy leader Negatu Wolde urged voters to move away from ethnic-based politics .

“We call on the people of our country to use this opportunity as a golden opportunity to break free from the cycle of ethnic politics that has oppressed, isolated and divided our country for many years,” he told Viory.

The election campaign has been overshadowed by concerns over media freedom, political inclusiveness and security challenges. EZEMA member Eyouel Solomon accused the government of dominating the media landscape and limiting fair political competition.

“We have seen two things: commercial media that sometimes give some space for opposition parties, and government media that acts as the mouth of the government,” he said. “This is not fair.”

The process has also been disrupted by ongoing conflicts in the Amhara and Oromia regions. Ethiopia’s National Election Board suspended polling in 46 districts affected by insecurity.

Despite the tensions, supporters at the rally expressed confidence that EZEMA could make gains in the June 1 vote.

“If it wins, it is a worthy party that has shown its ability to lead the country,” supporter Dagem Assefa said. “But if it loses, it will prepare peacefully for the next election.”

Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who has led Ethiopia for eight years, heads the ruling Prosperity Party, which was formed in 2019 from the former Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front coalition.

"I am happy to announce to you that tonight, together with my friend Yair Lapid, I am doing the most Zionist and most patriotic act we have ever done for our country," Bennett said.

Bennett stated that if he returns to office, he will establish a state commission to investigate the Hamas-led October 7, 2023, attack, a step he said the current government has not taken.

“On the first day of a new government led by me, we will establish a state commission of inquiry into the October massacre to bring truth to the families and answers to all the people of Israel." He also said his administration would introduce a limit of eight years for a prime minister’s tenure.

Lapid, who currently leads the opposition, said Bennett would head the new party and described him as capable of leading the country.

He added that a unified opposition could defeat the current government, referencing Peter Magyar's landslide win against Viktor Orban in the recent elections in Hungary.

"After 16 years in power, Orban lost. It happened because people believed change was possible. They united behind a single candidate, fought for their country, and won. That's why Bennett and I are here."

Netanyahu, Israel’s longest-serving prime minister, has faced criticism over his handling of regional conflicts and allegations that he has avoided accountability for failures during his time in office.

Bennett and Lapid previously formed a coalition that removed Netanyahu from power in 2021, ending his 12-year rule. The coalition lasted 18 months before Netanyahu returned to office in November 2022.