It focuses on offshore gas exploration, particularly in the Deltana Platform and the Loran gas field, key areas in Venezuela’s northeastern energy reserves.

Speaking at the ceremony, Rodríguez described BP’s return as a signal of the kind of international partnerships Venezuela aims to rebuild. She said the government is pursuing “relations of respect” and cooperation based on shared benefits, adding that the deal forms part of a broader energy agenda designed to support economic recovery and job creation.

The Jewish Association of Peru condemned the remarks, saying they lacked historical rigour and echoed “dark medieval times.” It called on Balcazar to issue a public apology.

The German Embassy in Peru also urged the president to retract the statement, describing it as “absurd” and stressing that “the Holocaust cannot be trivialised under any circumstances.”

Balcazar had not publicly responded to the backlash or issued an apology at the time of publication.

Lara said prosecutors would review whether the evidence was strong enough to justify arrest warrants. He added that if governors or senators were involved, Mexico would first need to begin proceedings to remove their legal immunity.

The prosecutor also criticised U.S. authorities for publicly revealing details of the case, saying the process should remain confidential under bilateral rules. Rocha Moya has denied the allegations, calling them baseless, while Mexico’s Foreign Ministry said documents provided by the U.S. Embassy did not include enough evidence to establish responsibility.

The ICJ is set to begin oral hearings on May 4 in the dispute over Essequibo, a resource-rich region administered by Guyana but claimed by Venezuela. Guyana is asking the court to uphold the 1899 arbitral award that fixed the current boundary, while Venezuela insists the matter should be handled under the 1966 Geneva Agreement.

Rodriguez also announced an oil production agreement with Italian energy firm Eni, saying it would support Venezuela’s economic recovery and public welfare. Interior Minister Diosdado Cabello, speaking at the same event, blamed U.S. sanctions for damaging the country’s economy and rejected claims that he holds assets abroad.

Under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, this shift is accompanied by a more confident political posture. The government has signalled willingness to challenge major powers, regulate global tech platforms and pursue strategic autonomy. At the same time, long-term investments in aerospace and defence—highlighted by the development of advanced fighter jets—underscore ambitions to strengthen hard power capabilities. Analysts such as Richard Heydarian, from Global South Voices, describe this approach as “progressive realism”, reflecting a broader trend among Global South nations aiming to balance cooperation with independence in an increasingly multipolar world .

The impact has extended far beyond the immediate spill. Coastal communities, particularly artisanal fishers, have faced lasting economic and social consequences as fishing activities were disrupted and biodiversity declined. Even years later, traces of contamination remain, raising ongoing concerns about environmental recovery, public health , and the effectiveness of accountability measures.

This story is part of Global South Voices, with footage and interviews captured by Eugenio Albrecht.

Petro also pushed for a coordinated strategy to dismantle criminal networks and highlighted energy transition as a pathway to reducing violence and fostering sustainable development. The visit signals a renewed effort to stabilise bilateral ties, revive trade and address long-standing security challenges affecting border communities.

The march began on April 8 in El Porvenir with around 100 participants, but organisers say the movement has grown significantly, now drawing about 3,000 people .

Demonstrators are calling for the repeal of Law 1720, which they say could undermine land rights in Indigenous and rural communities.

Feyfer Quajiru, Executive Secretary of the Harakbut, Yine, and Matsiguenga Council, said the protest movement has three main demands.

“We have three demands. First, the immediate repeal of Law 1720. Second, the immediate legal protection of our lands. And third, the anti-blockade law, which we will not accept either, just as we will not accept other laws being passed without consultation, without proper engagement with the public,” he said.

“Why do we want Venezuela free of sanctions? Because we want Venezuela to be able to fully expand, without any kind of restriction, all of its capacities, all of its potential, its immense wealth that has made Venezuela,” she said.

Rodríguez also urged political leaders and citizens to reflect on the events of January 3, saying the violence should never be repeated.

At a press conference in Mexico City, Türk said it was painful to hear testimonies from relatives who have spent years searching for loved ones without answers, often putting their own lives at risk. He called for a national commitment centred on truth, transparency, recognition of victims’ pain and firm state action.

Türk’s visit focused heavily on enforced disappearances, a crisis the UN has repeatedly described as one of the most serious in the world . According to UN figures, more than 130,000 people are officially registered as disappeared or missing in Mexico.

The warning comes weeks after the UN Committee on Enforced Disappearances asked for Mexico’s case to be urgently referred to the UN General Assembly under Article 34 of the convention, citing the scale and persistence of the crisis. The committee pointed to thousands of clandestine graves, tens of thousands of unidentified remains and a severely strained forensic system.

The interim leader rejected suggestions that the delay signalled a rupture with Washington, saying Peru had no intention of confronting the United States and remained committed to maintaining strong diplomatic and commercial ties. His comments came days after U.S. ambassador Bernie Navarro warned that Washington would act to protect its interests if Peru negotiated “in bad faith”.

The proposed deal has faced criticism at home, with opponents questioning increased defence spending while Peru grapples with shortages in health and education. Defence Minister Carlos Diaz and Foreign Minister Hugo de Zela resigned on Wednesday in protest , saying contracts signed in April should be respected and warning that suspending payments could harm Peru’s national interests and relations with the United States.

“We see daily statements, I don’t know if jokingly or not, from President Trump saying that he has already ended eight wars and still hasn’t won the Nobel Peace Prize,” Lula said.

“So it’s important that we quickly give a Nobel Prize to President Trump so that there are no more wars,” he added sarcastically.

Lula’s comment came as he reiterated Brazil’s commitment to maintaining balanced relations with global powers rather than aligning with geopolitical blocs.

Petro further criticised Noboa over border closures, arguing that the restrictions had pushed more people in both countries towards illegal trafficking networks. He also alleged that criminal groups based in Ecuador were plotting to assassinate him and Senator Iván Cepeda, widely seen as a potential contender in Colombia’s next presidential race.

The remarks add to a growing rift between Bogotá and Quito. Petro said earlier this week that he planned legal action against Noboa over claims linking him to Ecuadorian crime boss Adolfo Macías, known as “Fito”. The diplomatic clash comes amid a worsening trade dispute that began after Ecuador imposed tariffs on Colombian imports, prompting retaliatory measures from Bogotá.

“I am pleased to say that Argentina and Israel are not merely partners, they are friendly nations. I feel deeply grateful to be able to light one of the 12 torches that represent the tribes of the people of Israel,” Milei said.

This visit is Milei’s third official trip to Israel since he assumed office. His participation in the ceremony marked the first time a foreign head of state had taken part in the country’s official Independence Day event.

Milei has maintained a close relationship with Israel. He has described himself as “spiritually Jewish” and has expressed a desire to convert to Judaism , despite his Catholic upbringing.

Backed by international support, including Fred Sorrells, the programme is recruiting women nationwide and will host an intensive training camp with specialised coaches as it prepares for global competition.

Where are the leaders from? 

Using data from the last ten heads of state (or equivalent leaders) in Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Egypt, South Africa , India, Pakistan, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, UK, France, Italy, USA, Japan, and Australia, Global South World categorised their birthplaces into three groups: biggest city, top three major cities; and outside the top three major cities.

Across the dataset, one pattern that stands out is that leaders are more likely to be born outside major urban centres than within them.

Countries such as Brazil, Nigeria, India, Tanzania, and the United States show strong decentralisation, with a majority of leaders originating from smaller cities, towns, or rural regions.

Which leaders are from outside major cities

Nigeria and India show particularly strong patterns, with most leaders born outside the major cities. In Brazil and Australia, leadership emerges from diverse regional bases rather than a single dominant city. The United States, often seen as a hub of elite politics, has presidents born across many different states, far from Washington, D.C.

This suggests that political legitimacy is often built at the grassroots level, with leaders rising through regional structures before entering national politics.

Which leaders are from capital cities 

While decentralisation is common, some countries remain heavily capital-centric. Argentina shows a strong concentration around Buenos Aires, reflecting its highly centralised administrative and educational systems.

Mexico exhibits similar patterns, with Mexico City playing an outsized role in political leadership. In Thailand, Bangkok remains the dominant political and elite hub.

These systems often feature centralised bureaucracies, elite educational institutions clustered in capitals, and political networks that are difficult to access from outside

Federal systems contributing to geographic diversity

One of the clearest drivers of geographic diversity in leadership is the structure of the state itself. Federal or highly decentralised systems such as those in India, Brazil and the United States consistently produce leaders from a wide range of regions.

This is because political careers in these countries are often built locally, such as governors, regional leaders, and state officials rising through subnational systems. Also, national leadership becomes the culmination of regional influence, not just central access

Africa’s distinct pattern

African countries in the dataset, particularly Nigeria, Egypt, and South Africa, stand out for their highly decentralised leadership origins.

This reflects several dynamics like the need for ethnic and regional balance, strong rural political mobilisation and historical scepticism toward capital-based elites

In many cases, being from outside the capital or a major city is not a disadvantage but a political asset.

Graphics by Edward Sakyi

China has voiced strong support for Panama’s sovereignty over the canal, framing its position as backing a “just struggle” by the Panamanian people . This comes amid renewed strategic interest in the canal, a key global trade route, where influence carries major economic and political weight.

At the same time, the United States is reportedly considering moves to counter China’s presence in the region, turning the canal once again into a focal point of great-power competition. The situation highlights how infrastructure in Latin America is increasingly tied to broader global rivalries.

Panama now finds itself navigating a delicate balance between competing powers. Its priority remains maintaining control and stability over the canal, while avoiding escalation in a dispute that reflects shifting dynamics in global geopolitics.

The United States has imposed sanctions on relatives of Daniel Ortega, targeting members of his inner circle over alleged involvement in opaque business dealings. Measures focus on restricting financial access and international operations linked to key economic sectors. Washington argues the measure is aimed at increasing pressure on the government without directly harming the wider population . Analysts say the sanctions reflect a broader strategy to weaken entrenched power structures surrounding the ruling family. The move comes amid continued international concern over governance and transparency in Nicaragua. It also signals ongoing tensions between Managua and Western governments.

Rights body demands end to violations and democratic restoration

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights has called on Nicaragua’s government to cease human rights violations and restore democratic institutions. In a recent statement, the body warned that serious abuses persist amid a prolonged political crisis. It highlighted ongoing concerns over arbitrary detentions and restrictions on civil liberties . The commission urged authorities to guarantee fundamental rights and reopen democratic space. Observers say the statement adds to mounting international pressure on Managua. The government has yet to signal any policy shift in response.

Nicaragua and Russia to test dengue vaccine

Nicaragua is preparing to collaborate with Russia on trials for a dengue vaccine, as part of efforts to tackle a growing public health challenge. Officials confirmed that preliminary steps are underway, although details about trial locations and timelines remain unclear. The initiative reflects closer bilateral ties between Managua and Moscow in recent years. Health experts note that dengue remains a major concern across tropical regions, increasing the importance of vaccine development. Authorities say the project could strengthen national healthcare capacity. However, further information is still pending as preparations continue.

Opposition calls for democratic transition

Opposition groups have issued a declaration calling for a democratic transition in Nicaragua, urging greater international involvement. The coalition argues that sustained pressure is needed to address what it describes as systemic repression. Leaders highlighted the need for free elections, institutional reform and the restoration of political freedoms. The announcement reflects continued mobilisation among opposition movements, many operating from exile. Analysts say unity among opposition factions remains a key challenge. The statement underscores ongoing political tensions within the country.

US sanctions interior ministry official

The United States has also sanctioned a senior official within Nicaragua’s interior ministry, intensifying pressure on the government. The measures target individuals accused of involvement in repression and abuses against political opponents. Washington has increasingly focused on specific figures linked to security and judicial structures. Officials said the sanctions aim to hold those responsible accountable while signalling support for democratic principles. The move forms part of a wider pattern of targeted measures against the Nicaraguan leadership. The government has rejected such actions as external interference.

What they said

President Nayib Bukele wrote, “We shall see who supports this amendment, and who will dare to argue that the Constitution should continue to prohibit murderers and rapists from remaining in prison.” UNICEF and the Committee on the Rights of the Child said, “The imposition of life sentences and excessively long detention measures on children and adolescents constitute a contradiction of the standards enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child.”

Republican Representative María Elvira Salazar, who chairs the panel, praised President Donald Trump’s Venezuela policy and said no recent administration had gone as far. In opening remarks released by the committee, Salazar said Maduro’s fall had changed the region and increased pressure on other authoritarian governments, especially Cuba.

Democrats on the panel, however, questioned both the legality and the motives behind U.S. action in Venezuela. Representative Joaquin Castro argued that the intervention was driven less by democratic ideals than by oil and warned that a similar strategy toward Cuba could further destabilise the region.

"This administration did not invade Venezuela because it was outraged by that theft, though. And to be clear, I would not have supported an invasion to enforce the results of the election. We know why the president ordered US service members into harm's way. Venezuela's oil, not democracy ," Castro said.

His remarks came amid heightened tensions between Washington and Havana, with Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel recently warning against any U.S. attack and saying such a move would have serious regional consequences.

Speaking at an official event, Rodríguez thanked the United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Qatar and the United States for supporting the process, and also acknowledged U.S. President Donald Trump and Secretary of State Marco Rubio, Viory reports. The reopening comes after relations with the IMF were effectively paused in 2019 amid disputes over international recognition of Venezuela’s government.

Rodríguez also enacted Venezuela’s new Organic Mining Law, saying it would help attract major domestic and foreign investment into the sector.

"This is good news for Venezuela, good news for our people . In national unity, we will continue paving the way so that, together, we can build a Venezuela free from sanctions, for the well-being and happiness of our people," she said.

According to recent reporting, the legislation replaces a nearly 30-year-old framework, allows multiple ownership structures including public, private and mixed companies, and offers broader legal guarantees and a more flexible tax regime for investors.

The mining reform forms part of a push by Caracas to open the sector to foreign capital as it looks for new revenue sources beyond oil.

Galarreta said the Armed Forces had previously managed the task without major incident and suggested they could also be allowed to vote earlier, with their ballots kept secure until counting begins. He framed the proposal as a practical response to the setbacks seen in the first round.

His comments follow complaints over the conduct of the election, which was extended into a second day in some places because of ballot delays and other logistical disruptions. International observers from the European Union found problems in the process but said there was no credible evidence of fraud, despite allegations from some candidates.

With most votes counted, Fujimori was leading the race with just under 17% of the vote, ahead of Roberto Sánchez, setting up a runoff on June 7 after no candidate came close to an outright majority.

Galarreta also rejected claims that Peru’s democratic order had broken down, pointing instead to the findings of international observer missions, which highlighted administrative failures but did not back accusations that the vote had been manipulated.

This concludes our live coverage of Peru’s 2026 general election. Stay with Global South World for the latest developments and final outcomes as the electoral process continues to unfold.

02:33 GMT: Peru extends voting into Monday after more than 63,000 people were unable to cast their ballots.

Electoral authorities announced that voting will continue until 13 April in order to allow those affected by earlier disruptions to participate. The decision follows reports of delays and logistical issues at polling stations that prevented tens of thousands of voters from casting their ballots during Sunday’s election.

23:10 GMT: Polls close in Peru’s first-round presidential election, with exit polls pointing to Keiko Fujimori in the lead.

According to a Datum exit poll, right-wing candidate Keiko Fujimori is the most voted, while Rafael López Aliaga appears to be narrowly edging into second place, with only a slim margin over Jorge Nieto, suggesting a tightly contested race for the run-off.

23:05 GMT: P olls close in Peru as attention turns to which candidates will advance to a likely run-off

Voting has officially ended across the country following an extended election day marked by delays and logistical challenges. With a highly fragmented field of 35 candidates and no clear frontrunner, expectations are growing that the presidential race will head to a second round, with results set to determine which two candidates move forward to the decisive run-off.

22:44 GMT: Fuerza Popular presidential candidate Keiko Fujimori calls on electoral authorities to extend voting hours or organise a complementary vote for affected polling stations.

Fujimori urged the National Jury of Elections (JNE) and the Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) to take additional measures to ensure participation at 211 polling stations reportedly impacted by earlier disruptions. Her remarks come amid broader concerns over delays and logistical issues during election day.

20:50 GMT: Presidential candidate Francisco Diez Canseco of Perú Acción casts his vote at Alfonso Ugarte school in Lima’s San Isidro district during the 2026 election

20:45 GMT: Allegations of potential electoral irregularities emerge in Peru, with claims that around 13% of polling stations in Lima, representing over one million votes, may have been affected.

While these assertions have not been officially confirmed, they have prompted calls in some quarters to review the voting process, with suggestions that parts of the election could be repeated if significant irregularities are verified.

18:50 GMT: Presidential candidate José Luna Gálvez of Podemos Perú casts his vote at the Parque de la Amistad Convention Centre in Lima’s Santiago de Surco district

18:40 GMT: Peru’s interim president dismisses fraud claims following delays in opening polling stations

18:25 GMT: Magnitude 4 earthquake felt in Lima and Callao during Peru’s election day, with no injuries or damage reported.

Authorities said the tremor, centred offshore in the Pacific, was mild and posed no tsunami risk.

18:20 GMT: Presidential candidate Mario Vizcarra of Perú Primero casts his vote at Federico Villareal school in Lima’s Miraflores district

17:55 GMT: Peru’s electoral authorities extend voting by one hour nationwide following delays at polling stations, particularly in Lima, officials say.

The head of the ONPE, Piero Corvetto, said the election authority approved the measure, extending voting until 6:00 PM local time (11:00 PM GMT).

17:50 GMT: Presidential candidate George Forsyth of Somos Perú casts his vote at Isabel La Católica school in Lima’s La Victoria district

17:42 GMT: Presidential candidate Herbert Caller of the Partido Patriótico del Perú casts his vote at the National Agrarian University in Lima’s La Molina district

17:32 GMT: Reports emerge of voting disruptions in Lima, with some voters unable to cast ballots, raising concerns over the electoral process

17:10 GMT: Presidential candidate Antonio Ortiz of Salvemos al Perú casts his vote at Santa María Purísima school in Lima’s San Martín de Porres district

16:27 GMT: Presidential candidate Carlos Jaico casts his vote at Alfonso Ugarte school in Lima’s San Isidro district

15:40 GMT: Several major polling stations in Peru report delays in opening and receiving voters, in some cases due to a lack of electoral materials

15:20 GMT: Presidential candidate Rafael López Aliaga casts his vote during Peru’s general election

15:05 GMT: Presidential candidate Jorge Nieto violates electoral law by casting his vote outside the secret ballot booth

15:00 GMT: Presidential candidate Álvaro Paz de la Barra casts his vote in Lima’s La Molina district during Peru’s 2026 general election

14:00 GMT: Fuerza Popular presidential candidate Keiko Fujimori waves as she arrives to cast her vote in Lima

13:00 GMT: Keiko Fujimori, joined by family members, visits the grave of her father, former president Alberto Fujimori, at a Lima cemetery

12:52 GMT: Keiko Fujimori heads to a cemetery ahead of her election day breakfast, saying it is her way of honouring her parents’ memory

12:49 GMT: Presidential candidate Rafael López Aliaga heads to Pamplona Alta for traditional election day breakfast

12:30 GMT: Peru activates large-scale security operation for Sunday’s general election

12:00 GMT: Polls open across Peru as voting begins in highly fragmented election featuring a record 35 candidates

The voting process is set to run for 10 hours on election day, with polls expected to open at 7:00 AM local time (12:00 PM GMT) and close at 5:00 PM local time (10:00 PM GMT).

What to know

On April 12, Peru will hold its general election, in which voters will choose a new president, two vice-presidents and all members of Congress. If no presidential candidate secures more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a run-off will be held between the top two candidates several weeks later. Voting is compulsory for citizens aged 18 to 70, although enforcement of penalties for abstention is often inconsistent.

The election takes place against a backdrop of prolonged political instability. Over the past decade, Peru has had eight presidents, reflecting a persistent cycle of institutional crisis, impeachment proceedings and governance challenges. This instability has eroded public trust in political institutions and contributed to widespread voter disillusionment.

Security concerns, economic uncertainty and frustration with political elites are central issues shaping voter sentiment. While Peru has traditionally maintained macroeconomic stability, inequality, informal employment and rising crime rates remain pressing concerns for many voters.

The political landscape is highly fragmented and crowded. A record number of 35 candidates are contesting the 2026 election, making the outcome difficult to predict and increasing the likelihood of a run-off. Polling suggests a large share of undecided voters, further adding to uncertainty.

Front-running candidates & proposals

Keiko Fujimori (Fuerza Popular): A prominent right-wing candidate and experienced political figure, Fujimori has consistently ranked among the frontrunners. She campaigns on strengthening security, encouraging investment and restoring political stability, while maintaining a strong and loyal support base despite past electoral defeats and legal controversies.

Rafael López Aliaga (Renovación Popular): Another leading right-wing figure, López Aliaga appeals to conservative voters with proposals focused on economic liberalisation, infrastructure development and a tougher stance on crime.

Other candidates: The race includes a wide range of contenders from across the political spectrum, but none has consolidated sufficient support to clearly dominate the field. This fragmentation reflects broader dissatisfaction with traditional political parties.

Political climate & stakes

Peru’s election comes at a critical moment for its democracy. The country’s recent history of rapid presidential turnover underscores deep institutional weaknesses and ongoing tensions between the executive and legislative branches. Governance challenges have often led to confrontations, impeachments and abrupt leadership changes.

The campaign has also highlighted polarisation within Peruvian society. Candidates have sought to mobilise voters through strong rhetoric, with some framing the election as a turning point for stability and order. High-profile rallies, including those led by Fujimori, have emphasised resilience and defiance amid a competitive and uncertain race.

With no clear frontrunner and a fragmented political field, analysts expect the next president to face significant challenges in building consensus in Congress. This could limit the government ’s ability to pass reforms and address key issues such as security, economic recovery and institutional reform.

Ultimately, the election is seen as a test of Peru’s ability to break its cycle of political instability and restore confidence in its democratic system.

American Airlines said it plans to resume flights to Venezuela as early as April 30, potentially becoming the first US carrier to return after a seven-year suspension of services. The airline received approval from the US Department of Transportation in early March and is now working with authorities in both countries to finalise security and regulatory requirements. If cleared, the carrier will operate daily nonstop flights between Miami and Caracas using Embraer 175 aircraft, with services run by its regional subsidiary Envoy. The move follows a major shift in US–Venezuela relations after the January 3 operation that led to the capture of Nicolás Maduro, which prompted Washington to lift a long-standing ban on commercial flights imposed in 2019 over safety concerns.

Venezuela opens mining sector to private investors after oil overhaul

Venezuela has approved sweeping reforms to open its mineral sector to private and foreign investors, just weeks after easing state control over oil, as part of a US-backed economic shift. The new law introduces long-term concessions, legal protections and international arbitration to attract investment into a sector long dominated by the state and plagued by illegal mining. The move follows the January removal of Nicolás Maduro and the rise of interim leader Delcy Rodríguez, who is pushing market-oriented reforms to revive the economy. Despite vast reserves of gold, diamonds and other minerals, much of the sector remains underdeveloped and controlled by illicit networks, raising doubts about how effectively the reforms can be enforced.

Venezuela’s scrapped plan to acquire Iranian ballistic missiles

In 2020, Venezuela’s defence ministry under Nicolás Maduro set aside more than $400 million to acquire a ballistic missile system from Iran, according to internal documents cited by officials familiar with the plan. The proposal was part of broader discussions between Tehran and Caracas over transferring long-range missile capabilities, raising concerns in Washington that such weapons could threaten US territory. US officials at the time pushed back strongly, warning that any transfer would not be tolerated. The deal was ultimately abandoned under American pressure, and no missiles were delivered, though evidence suggests negotiations had advanced further than publicly acknowledged.

Venezuelan police block wage and pension protesters in Caracas

Workers and retirees in Caracas marched towards the presidential palace, demanding higher wages and decent pensions, but were blocked by police, highlighting deepening anger over incomes of about $160 a month in the public sector and $237 in the private sector, far below the cost of living. The protest came a day after interim President Delcy Rodríguez urged patience while promising a cautious wage increase. Still, demonstrators pushed past initial barricades before being stopped roughly 2 kilometres from the Miraflores palace, underscoring growing frustration with years of stagnant pay and limited purchasing power.

Delcy Rodríguez stays on as Venezuela’s acting president beyond the 90-day limit

Delcy Rodríguez has remained Venezuela’s acting president beyond the 90-day constitutional limit set after Nicolás Maduro’s capture, with lawmakers yet to formally extend her mandate, leaving her tenure legally uncertain. A court ruling still recognises Maduro as president, describing his absence as “forced”, while the constitution allows an interim leader for 90 days, extendable once by the National Assembly, which has not held a vote. Analysts say the situation reflects a familiar pattern of legal manoeuvring to maintain power amid ongoing political uncertainty.

"I also ask that we correct our own past mistakes; we recognise them, we correct them, and I ask that we do not repeat them," she said.

Rodríguez said the sanctions had severely damaged the economy , leading to years of contraction, hyperinflation and widespread shortages. She noted that inflation once exceeded 300,000% and said the crisis had triggered a wave of migration, with many professionals leaving the country in search of better opportunities.

Rodríguez has been serving as acting president since January, after U.S. forces captured former president Nicolás Maduro, a move that plunged the country into political uncertainty.