Under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, this shift is accompanied by a more confident political posture. The government has signalled willingness to challenge major powers, regulate global tech platforms and pursue strategic autonomy. At the same time, long-term investments in aerospace and defence—highlighted by the development of advanced fighter jets—underscore ambitions to strengthen hard power capabilities. Analysts such as Richard Heydarian, from Global South Voices, describe this approach as “progressive realism”, reflecting a broader trend among Global South nations aiming to balance cooperation with independence in an increasingly multipolar world .

“We see daily statements, I don’t know if jokingly or not, from President Trump saying that he has already ended eight wars and still hasn’t won the Nobel Peace Prize,” Lula said.

“So it’s important that we quickly give a Nobel Prize to President Trump so that there are no more wars,” he added sarcastically.

Lula’s comment came as he reiterated Brazil’s commitment to maintaining balanced relations with global powers rather than aligning with geopolitical blocs.

In one recent livestream shared by First Lady Rosângela “Janja” da Silva, Lula is seen finishing a 45-minute treadmill run before moving into squats, at one point with weights strapped to his ankles. A white towel draped around his neck, he cuts the figure of a veteran politician intent on demonstrating physical resilience.

But the routine goes beyond optics. Lula has repeatedly stressed the role of discipline in maintaining health, telling followers that while ageing is inevitable, physical decline is not. In social media posts accompanying the videos, he has linked regular exercise to longevity and quality of life, suggesting that consistent habits can extend one’s active years well into old age .

With a significantly younger rival expected to challenge him, Lula’s message is clear: endurance matters. And for a politician with decades in public life, staying in shape is not just about health—it is about proving he can go the distance once again.

Footage from the scene shows thousands of yellow-wrapped packages stacked under police guard as officers and sniffer dogs secured the area. Officials confirmed the massive haul was discovered during an operation targeting criminal networks operating in the city.

“Never before has such a volume been seized, approximately 48 tonnes of drugs. It is a historic record,” said Luciano, commander of the Dog Operations Battalion of the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State.

The drugs were found in the Complexo da Maré after a Belgian Malinois sniffer dog named Hulk detected narcotics hidden beneath a water tank. Officers later uncovered a sealed bunker inside an abandoned building where the large shipment had been stored.

China is projected to remain the world ’s largest cotton producer, accounting for 29% of global output, or around 7.7 million tonnes, according to USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) estimates for the 2025/26 marketing year.

The country’s dominance is driven by highly mechanised production in regions such as Xinjiang, which has become the centre of China’s cotton industry. USDA data shows China consistently ranks as both the top producer and consumer of cotton globally, reflecting strong domestic demand from its textile sector.

India is expected to produce 5.1 million tonnes, representing 19% of global supply, maintaining its position as the second-largest producer. However, yields remain sensitive to monsoon variability, a factor that continues to shape output volatility, according to Trading Economics agricultural data trends.

Brazil, now firmly established as a global agricultural powerhouse, is projected to contribute 4.2 million tonnes (16%), benefitting from large-scale, export-oriented farming and rising productivity. USDA data indicates Brazil has steadily increased its share of global cotton exports over the past decade.

The United States is forecast to produce 3.0 million tonnes (12%), ranking fourth globally. While not the largest producer, the US remains the world’s leading cotton exporter, supplying key markets in Asia, particularly China, Vietnam and Bangladesh.

Trading Economics data highlights that US cotton production is influenced by weather patterns, especially drought conditions in major producing states such as Texas.

Beyond the top four, several countries contribute smaller but still significant shares:

These producers play important roles in regional supply chains, particularly in Asia and Europe .

The figures, reflected in recent diaspora estimates, underscore a sustained wave of outward migration driven by economic volatility, political uncertainty and shifting labour opportunities, analysts say.

The United States remains by far the leading destination for Brazilians, with an estimated over 2 million residents, accounting for the largest share of the diaspora globally.

Migration to the U.S. has historically surged during periods of economic instability in Brazil, particularly during the hyperinflation era of the late 1980s and more recent economic downturns.

Large Brazilian communities are concentrated in states such as Florida, Massachusetts and New York, where service-sector employment and established migrant networks continue to attract new arrivals.

Portugal hosts the second-largest Brazilian population abroad, with more than 500,000 residents, benefiting from shared language and historical ties.

Across Europe more broadly, over 1.6 million Brazilians are estimated to reside in the region, reflecting strong migration flows into countries such as the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany and Italy.

Experts point to easier integration, cultural familiarity and expanding job markets as key pull factors.

Neighbouring Paraguay ranks among the top destinations, hosting more than 260,000 Brazilians, driven largely by cross-border economic activity and agricultural opportunities.

Regional migration within South America accounts for a significant share of the diaspora, with many Brazilians relocating for land access, trade and lower living costs.

The United Kingdom has become a major European destination, with around 230,000 Brazilians, supported by opportunities in hospitality, construction and professional services .

In contrast, Brazil’s migration to Japan reflects historical ties, with many migrants of Japanese descent taking advantage of labour policies that facilitate work permits. Japan hosts more than 210,000 Brazilians, particularly in industrial regions.

Severe flooding and landslides triggered by torrential rainfall in the southeastern state of Minas Gerais have left at least 64 people confirmed dead, with more still missing and emergency crews continuing search and rescue operations. The cities of Juiz de Fora and Ubá have been hardest hit, with large swathes of residential areas inundated and infrastructure damaged including roads and bridges. Authorities reported that heavy rainfall since earlier this week has forced more than 4,700 residents to evacuate their homes and seek shelter elsewhere.

President promises free housing and financial aid for flood victims in Minas Gerais

During his visit to Juiz de Fora, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva announced immediate assistance measures for families impacted by torrential rains that have killed at least 70 people in Minas Gerais. Addressing residents in the worst-affected city, he pledged free housing for those who lost their homes and access to funds from employment guarantee schemes. The president outlined a purchase assistance system allowing families to choose replacement homes anywhere in the state. Stressing that no victim would be left unsupported, Lula urged authorities to avoid bureaucratic delays in responding to the crisis. According to the state fire brigade, the majority of fatalities occurred in Juiz de Fora, with additional deaths reported in nearby Uba.

Bolsonaro’s son draws level with Lula in new presidential poll

A new electoral survey published by El Pais shows one of Jair Bolsonaro’s sons statistically tied with Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva for the first time in a hypothetical presidential race. The poll marks a significant shift in Brazil’s political landscape, suggesting the Bolsonaro family retains strong support despite ongoing legal and political challenges. Analysts cited by the newspaper point to growing polarisation and dissatisfaction among segments of the electorate as factors behind the narrowing gap. While Lula remains a central figure in Brazilian politics, the emergence of a Bolsonaro heir as a competitive contender underscores the enduring influence of the former president’s political movement ahead of future elections.

Lula hails Women’s World Cup, calls for greater recognition of women’s football

Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has publicly praised the upcoming FIFA Women’s World Cup 2027, which Brazil will host, and called for the sport to receive greater institutional and cultural recognition. Speaking at an event tied to the Women’s World Cup trophy tour in Brasília, Lula underscored the importance of elevating women’s football in Brazil and globally, linking the tournament to broader efforts for gender equality in sport. He said the heightened visibility offered by the World Cup presents an opportunity to address longstanding disparities, including in pay and professional support, between male and female athletes. Brazilian officials and sports representatives at the ceremony echoed his remarks, highlighting how the tournament could inspire future generations and advance recognition of women’s achievements on the pitch.

São Paulo initiative offers hygiene and legal aid to crack cocaine users

A programme in São Paulo is providing free showers, legal advice and social support to people struggling with crack cocaine addiction. The initiative operates in areas long associated with open drug use and seeks to restore dignity while connecting individuals with public services . By offering basic hygiene facilities and access to lawyers, organisers aim to rebuild trust between vulnerable populations and authorities. The scheme reflects a harm-reduction approach that prioritises social reintegration over punitive measures, amid ongoing debate in Brazil over how best to address chronic drug dependency and urban marginalisation.

According to multiple expert sources on citizenship routes, these nations stand out for their simplified requirements, whether through naturalisation, ancestral links, investment or residency pathways.

Top 10 countries where citizenship is easiest to obtain in 2026

1. Argentina

Argentina is widely regarded as one of the fastest naturalisation systems in the world. Under Argentine law , foreign nationals can apply for citizenship after two years of legal residence in the country. Unlike many jurisdictions, Argentina does not require a lengthy permanent residency phase before naturalisation. Applicants must demonstrate lawful income, basic Spanish proficiency and integration into society, but there is no formal minimum investment threshold. Dual citizenship is permitted. The relatively short statutory timeline makes Argentina one of the most straightforward legal routes to citizenship globally.

2. Dominica

Dominica operates one of the longest-running and most recognised citizenship-by-investment programmes in the Caribbean. According to Global Citizen Solutions , the country’s framework is considered transparent and efficient. Instead of waiting years through residency, applicants can obtain citizenship by making a government-approved financial contribution or investing in authorised real estate projects. Processing times are typically measured in months rather than years, and there is no physical residency requirement. This combination of speed, clarity and due diligence oversight places Dominica among the most accessible second passport options.

3. Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda also offers citizenship through investment and is frequently ranked favourably by mobility consultants. The programme allows applicants to qualify through a national development fund contribution, approved property investment or business participation. While there is a minimal physical presence requirement, it is limited and manageable. The country’s programme is designed to accommodate families, and processing timelines are comparatively efficient. Its established legal structure and predictable requirements contribute to its reputation as one of the more accessible citizenship-by-investment routes.

4. Paraguay

Paraguay is often cited as a relatively simple naturalisation pathway within South America. The general process involves securing permanent residency and maintaining residence in the country for several years before applying for citizenship. While recent enforcement has emphasised genuine physical presence and integration, the legal framework itself remains comparatively straightforward. The cost of living is relatively low, and the administrative procedures are less complex than in many Western jurisdictions. For individuals prepared to establish real ties in the country, Paraguay remains one of the more attainable naturalisation options.

5. Ecuador

Ecuador offers a clear progression from temporary residency to permanent residency and eventually citizenship. After approximately three years of legal residence, applicants may apply for naturalisation. They are required to pass a Spanish language and civic knowledge assessment, but the financial thresholds are not prohibitive compared with other countries. Dual citizenship is allowed. Analysts frequently note that Ecuador’s combination of flexible visa categories, moderate residency requirements and manageable costs makes it one of Latin America’s more practical routes to citizenship.

6. Brazil

Brazil provides multiple naturalisation pathways , which increase its accessibility. The standard requirement involves several years of permanent residence along with proof of Portuguese language ability and good character. However, the timeline may be reduced significantly in cases involving marriage to a Brazilian citizen or parenthood of a Brazilian child. Brazil recognises dual citizenship and maintains one of the strongest passports in Latin America in terms of global mobility. The country’s large economy and flexible legal provisions contribute to its inclusion on lists of easier citizenship jurisdictions.

7. Portugal

Portugal remains one of Europe’s most discussed destinations for long-term citizenship planning. Following five years of legal residence, individuals may apply for Portuguese citizenship provided they demonstrate basic language proficiency and maintain a clean criminal record. Although reforms have reshaped aspects of its residency-by-investment framework, Portugal continues to offer a structured and predictable route from residency to citizenship. Because Portuguese nationality grants full European Union rights, advisory firms often describe it as one of the most strategic and comparatively accessible options within the EU.

8. Canada

Canada’s citizenship pathway is regarded as transparent and rule-based. Applicants must first become permanent residents and then accumulate a defined period of physical presence within Canada before applying for naturalisation. Language proficiency and a citizenship knowledge test are also required. While Canada is not the fastest jurisdiction in terms of statutory timelines, it is frequently highlighted for procedural clarity and institutional stability. The country permits dual citizenship and maintains a strong global passport ranking, making it an attractive long-term option.

9. Ireland

Ireland stands out particularly for citizenship by descent. Individuals with an Irish-born parent or grandparent may qualify through registration in the Foreign Births Register, making it one of the more accessible European nationality routes for those with ancestral ties. For those without descent claims, naturalisation typically requires five years of reckonable residence. Ireland’s passport provides full European Union rights and strong global travel access. Because of its descent provisions and stable legal framework, Ireland consistently appears in mobility rankings as one of the more attainable European citizenship options.

10. New Zealand

New Zealand offers a structured and clearly defined naturalisation route. Applicants are generally required to complete five years of residence while meeting minimum physical presence thresholds and demonstrating English language ability. The process also requires proof of intention to maintain ties to the country. Although the timeline is not exceptionally short, the legal clarity and administrative transparency contribute to its reputation as an accessible pathway. New Zealand permits dual citizenship and is frequently cited for governance standards and quality of life, factors that strengthen its appeal among global applicants.

“For over 20 years, Brazil, India, Japan and Germany have defended the increase of the UN Security Council,” Lula said, referring to the G4 bloc. “The UN needs more representation.”

The G4 proposal calls for expanding the 15-member Council to 25 seats, adding six permanent and four non-permanent members to better reflect contemporary geopolitical realities.

Lula argued that expanding both permanent and non-permanent categories of membership is necessary for a more credible multilateral system, adding that Brazil and India should be part of any reconfigured Council. 

Framing the bilateral meeting as more than routine diplomacy, Lula described India and Brazil as the two largest democracies in the Global South and as emerging superpowers in their respective domains.

“This is a meeting of superlatives,” Lula said. “We are both mega diverse countries and hubs of the cultural industry and we both defend multilateralism and peace.”

He said closer coordination between New Delhi and Brasília would not only strengthen bilateral ties but also amplify the voice of developing nations in global forums, including the UN, the World Trade Organization and the G20.

Lula also emphasized a shared commitment to multilateralism, dialogue and peace, warning that sustainable development cannot be achieved in a conflict-ridden world.

By elevating their partnership and pressing for Security Council reform, Lula signaled efforts to consolidate India and Brazil’s roles as leading voices for a more assertive Global South.

"India and Brazil's partnership on the global stage has been strong and influential,” he said. “As democratic nations, we will continue to advance the priorities and aspirations of the Global South.” 

“When India and Brazil work together, the voice of the Global South becomes stronger and more confident,” he added. 

Lula underlined Brazil’s commitment to multilateralism, arguing that global problems cannot be solved through unilateral actions or power hierarchies. He said Brazil does not seek dominance over neighbouring countries, nor subordination to major powers, but instead aims to assert its voice on equal terms within the international system. The remarks reflect Brasília’s broader effort to position itself as a constructive actor in global governance while defending national sovereignty and regional balance.

The final showcased the growing level of the sport in the region, with Ourinhos building on a strong semi-final win over São Bento de Sorocaba to impose a disciplined and efficient game plan. Esperia, who had knocked out Argentina’s Rosario Central earlier in the tournament, defended resolutely but was eventually beaten as Ourinhos converted their opportunities.

Players and staff highlighted the broader significance of the victory, stressing the role of sport in rehabilitation and inclusion for athletes who have lost a limb through accidents or illness. The tournament also marked a wider landmark, establishing the Americas as the second continent after Europe to stage an international amputee football club competition, under the umbrella of the World Amputee Football Federation.

Bachelet said she was honoured by the nomination and stressed the significance of the candidacy being backed by three major Latin American nations. She described it as a sign of renewed commitment to cooperation and to the United Nations at a time of mounting global challenges, including conflict, climate change , inequality and declining trust in institutions.

Simón Bolívar and the idea of continental liberation

Few figures loom as large in South American history as Simón Bolívar . Born in present-day Venezuela, Bolívar led military campaigns that were central to the independence of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia between 1810 and 1825.

Bolívar did not fight for a single nation. He fought against the empire itself. His armies moved across borders that had not yet hardened into modern states, defeating Spanish royalist forces and ending more than three centuries of colonial rule.

According to Encyclopaedia Britannica and the Library of Congress, Bolívar envisioned a united South America capable of resisting foreign domination. That ambition ultimately failed, but his military success reshaped half the continent.

José de San Martín and the southern campaigns

While Bolívar advanced from the north, José de San Martín led liberation efforts from the south. An Argentine general trained in Europe, San Martín played a decisive role in the independence of Argentina, Chile, and Peru.

His 1817 crossing of the Andes Mountains remains one of the most remarkable military operations in modern history. After securing independence, San Martín refused political power and withdrew from public life, a decision that sharply contrasts with many revolutionary leaders of the era.

Britannica describes him as a strategist driven more by duty than ambition, committed to liberation rather than rule.

Brazil’s unusual path to independence

Brazil followed a completely different route. Instead of a revolutionary war, independence came through Dom Pedro I , the Portuguese prince residing in Brazil.

In 1822, Dom Pedro declared Brazil independent from Portugal and became its first emperor. This transition was relatively peaceful compared to the bloody wars elsewhere on the continent, largely because the Portuguese royal court had already moved to Brazil during the Napoleonic Wars.

Sources such as the Brazilian National Library and World History Encyclopedia confirm that Brazil’s independence preserved its territorial unity but delayed the development of a republican political system.

Paraguay and Uruguay

Not all independence movements were led by continent-spanning figures. Paraguay achieved independence in 1811 through local revolutionary leaders who prioritised isolation and internal control to protect sovereignty.

Uruguay, meanwhile, emerged after years of conflict involving Spanish, Portuguese, Brazilian, and Argentine forces. Its eventual independence in 1828 was the result of diplomacy as much as warfare, positioning the country as a buffer state between regional powers.

These cases show that while major figures influenced much of South America, local politics and circumstances still played a decisive role.

The agreement, which began in June 202,5 was established through cooperation between Burkina Faso’s Centre for the Promotion of Poultry Farming and the Multiplication of High-Performing Animals (CPAMAP) and the Daniel Franco Institute in Brazil. 

The imported cattle include specialised breeds such as Guzéra, Gir, Holstein, and Nelore. The first three breeds are targeted at strengthening dairy production, while the Nelore breed is expected to support beef production, with the ability to reach weights of up to 1,100 kilograms by the age of five.

Burkina Faso’s local dairy cows currently produce between 0.5 and 1.3 litres of milk daily. The imported Brazilian breeds are capable of producing between 15 and 40 litres per day. 

“Brazil has expertise in breeding high-performing breeds and also similarities in climatic conditions with Burkina Faso. We thought that the animals coming from this country might adapt better,” said Ardiouma Sirima, Director General of CPAMAP.

This importation is part of Burkina Faso's broader efforts to reduce its dependence on dairy imports, which averaged 25,000 tonnes per year from 2020 to 2024. Supporting programmes include Faso Kosam, which focuses on dairy processing, and Faso Abattoir, which aims to improve meat production and export infrastructure .

While Burkina Faso looks to strengthen its domestic capacity, Brazil continues to set records in beef exports. 

In October 2025, Brazil exported 357,000 tonnes of beef, the highest monthly figure in its history. This represents an 18.7% increase compared to October 2024 and generated revenue of US$1.90 billion.

Data from the Association of Brazilian Beef Exporters (ABIEC) shows that Brazil’s total beef exports from January to October 2025 reached 2.79 million tonnes, with a revenue of US$14.31 billion—a 35.9% increase over 2024. 

Brazilian beef reached 162 markets during the year. China accounted for 53% of October exports, while exports to Mexico rose by 213%, the European Union by 109%, and the United States by 45%, despite increased tariffs.

The demonstration reflected ongoing anger over Bolsonaro’s recent conviction and a broader backlash against Brazil’s Supreme Federal Court and President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Protest imagery included symbolic representations criticising the judiciary and government, underscoring persistent political polarisation in Brazil since Bolsonaro left office in 2023.

Speaking at a housing handover event in Rio Grande on January 20, Lula said there’s a need to bring back more human interaction in society , especially online.

Reactions among Paraguayans reflect a mix of scepticism and expectation. Francisco Solano, a local resident, questioned Europe’s motives, arguing that the relationship has historically been unequal. “Europeans were never benevolent with us. They always exploited us,” he said, adding that the EU is now turning to Latin America because it lacks sufficient food supplies. “I think there is a dependency, and they are betting on Latin America,” Solano remarked.

Others see the agreement as an opportunity to expand trade and strengthen economic ties. Paraguayan officials say the signing will be attended by senior EU figures, including Ursula von der Leyen and António Costa, as well as regional leaders from South America . While the ceremony marks a major political milestone, the agreement will still need approval by the European Parliament and ratification by Mercosur member states, a process expected to take several months amid ongoing opposition from European farming groups.

In practical terms, it is designed to lower barriers to trade and investment, set common rules for doing business, and create a more predictable framework for political and economic cooperation between the two regions.

Two structural details that explain both the ambition and the political pain:

What’s actually in it

At its core, the agreement targets tariff and non-tariff barriers across a large share of goods trade:

The Council’s own framing is that this would create the world’s biggest free trade zone, covering over 700 million consumers, and it points to substantial existing EU-Mercosur trade flows (over €111 billion in goods trade in 2024, plus significant services trade).

Why was it contested?

The opposition has not been about a single clause. It has been a collision between three politically hard issues to reconcile: farm economics, environmental credibility, and trust in enforcement.

EU farmers fear being undercut, especially in “sensitive” sectors

European farming organisations and several member states argued that increased market access for Mercosur products could push down prices for EU producers, particularly in sectors like beef, poultry and sugar. This is why “farmers on tractors” became the recurring image around the agreement across multiple EU countries.

Even where quotas and safeguards exist, farmers and their political allies often focus on the direction of travel, and that is more competition from producers they believe face lower costs and different regulatory burdens.

Environmental groups and some governments worry about deforestation and climate enforcement

Critics argue the deal risks incentivising expansion of beef and soy production, with knock-on effects for deforestation and biodiversity, particularly in sensitive ecosystems such as the Amazon. This line of criticism has been especially influential in France and among environmental NGOs.

In response, the European Commission’s Q&A document stresses that the updated deal makes the Paris Agreement an “essential element” of the relationship, and that this can allow suspension if a party seriously breaches or withdraws from the Paris framework. It also references commitments linked to halting deforestation after 2030 in line with Paris-related national plans.

Standards and “fair competition” arguments: pesticides, food safety, production rules

A persistent theme has been the claim that EU farmers face stricter requirements ( animal welfare , pesticides, traceability, environmental compliance) and that imports should be held to equivalent standards to avoid creating a two-tier system.

The Commission’s Q&A is explicit that EU sanitary and phytosanitary standards are non-negotiable , and it outlines plans for strengthened audits, checks, and an SPS dialogue/committee with Mercosur counterparts. It also flags an intention to pursue stronger alignment on production standards for imports, including certain pesticides.

When it is being signed, and what happens next

Here’s the timeline in plain terms:

After the signature, the agreement still needs to clear the legal and political gates that actually make it real:

Brazil ’s president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has vetoed a controversial bill that would have dramatically shortened the 27-year prison sentence of former president Jair Bolsonaro, who is serving time for his role in plotting a coup after losing the 2022 election. The bill, passed by Congress in December 2025, would have cut Bolsonaro’s sentence to just over two years and reduced penalties for others convicted over the January 8, 2023 attacks on government buildings in Brasília. Lula says the convictions were based on fair trials and substantial evidence. Congress could still override the veto. Bolsonaro began his sentence in November 2025 and remains barred from running for office until at least 2030.

Brazil pork exports hit a record and poised to overtake Canada

Brazil’s pork industry achieved a new milestone in 2025, exporting 1.51 million tonnes of pork, an 11.6% increase from the previous year, and is set to surpass Canada as one of the world’s top exporters. Export revenues climbed to US$3.62 billion, up nearly 20% year-on-year. The Philippines emerged as Brazil’s largest buyer, while China, Chile, Japan and Hong Kong also took significant volumes. The boom is credited to diversified international demand and strengthened market access.

Beekeepers warn lithium mining threatens bees in Brazil

Beekeepers in Brazil’s Jequitinhonha Valley are raising alarms that expanding lithium mining, driven by global demand for battery minerals, is disturbing traditional ecosystems where wild beehives once thrived. Local farmers and apiarists, including Aécio Luiz, report that bees are harder to find and honey production is declining as mining activities grow. This region hosts a large share of Brazil’s lithium deposits, which are critical for electric vehicle and renewable energy markets, but the environmental impacts are increasingly prompting community concern.

Neymar extends Santos deal to chase World Cup return

Brazil forward Neymar has extended his contract with Santos until the end of 2026 as he targets a return to the national team ahead of the World Cup. The 33-year-old, who rejoined Santos in January 2025, has not played for Brazil since 2023 due to injury setbacks. He helped the club avoid relegation last season, scoring five goals in their final five matches, before undergoing knee surgery to repair a damaged meniscus. Brazil’s all-time leading scorer with 79 goals, Neymar, is working to regain full fitness to meet coach Carlo Ancelotti’s recall criteria. Brazil will face Scotland, Morocco and Haiti in Group C when the World Cup begins on 11 June in Canada, Mexico and the United States.

Roberto Carlos hospitalised, recovering

Brazil and Real Madrid great Roberto Carlos says he is recovering well after undergoing a planned preventative medical procedure. The 52-year-old shared an update on Instagram, posting a photo from his hospital bed and dismissing reports that he had suffered a heart attack. He said the procedure was successful and carried out in advance with his medical team. Carlos thanked supporters for their messages and said he expects to return to full fitness soon.

Visitors move through displays featuring shirts, trophies, boots and personal items linked to key milestones in his career. Beyond traditional memorabilia, the exhibition invites fans to engage with interactive installations designed to recreate defining moments on the pitch, blending sport with immersive storytelling.

Organisers say the timing is significant as Brazil approaches a World Cup year, when football and national identity often take centre stage. The exhibition’s title frames Neymar as “great by nature,” a reference to both his natural talent and his long-standing presence in Brazilian football culture.

The event also highlights Pacaembu Stadium’s transformation into a cultural and entertainment space. Part of the proceeds will support the Instituto Neymar Jr, extending the exhibition’s impact beyond football and linking it to social initiatives.

The country’s dominance reflects its long-established role as a global cocoa processing and food manufacturing hub, centred around the Port of Amsterdam and advanced agri-processing infrastructure.

Malaysia ranked second with 12.2% of global exports worth $422 million, underscoring Southeast Asia’s growing importance in value-added food processing, even though much of its cocoa is imported.

Germany followed closely, exporting $364 million worth of hot chocolate products, while Indonesia and Spain rounded out the top five exporters.

Data from World ’s Top Exports confirms that countries leading hot chocolate exports are typically those with strong food processing industries, advanced logistics, and access to global markets, rather than simply cocoa production alone.

This explains why France, Singapore, the United States and Brazil also feature among the top exporters, each leveraging manufacturing capacity, branding, and distribution networks to compete globally.

Notably, Ghana, one of the world’s largest cocoa producers, appears on the list with $142 million in exports, reflecting gradual progress in moving beyond raw cocoa exports toward finished and semi-finished chocolate products, an issue long debated in African trade and industrialisation policy .

The hot chocolate trade figures come amid broader shifts in global food markets. Rising cocoa prices, driven by climate-related supply disruptions in West Africa and tighter global stocks, have placed pressure on manufacturers worldwide.

In 2024, cocoa prices reached multi-decade highs , prompting concerns about inflation in chocolate and confectionery products.

At the same time, global demand for premium and ready-to-drink chocolate beverages has risen, particularly in Europe, North America and parts of Asia, boosting export volumes despite higher input costs.

The alert also extends to Mato Grosso do Sul and areas of Paraná, affecting more than 1,000 municipalities nationwide. In these areas, temperatures have risen up to 5 degrees Celsius above the seasonal average, increasing health risks for the population.

Footage filmed by Viory on Sunday, December 28, showed residents in São Paulo seeking relief from the heat by drinking cold beverages, resting in shaded areas and using water fountains in public parks. Inmet forecast maximum temperatures of at least 34°C in the city, with conditions remaining oppressive throughout the weekend.

Some residents said the heat had become difficult to endure, prompting families to spend time outdoors near water sources. Others said they were avoiding beaches due to unsuitable conditions, instead turning to open urban spaces to cool down.

On Friday, December 27, São Paulo recorded a temperature of 36.2°C, the highest for December since records began in 1961, according to local authorities. In response to the heatwave, the state government warned of increased water consumption and urged residents to save and reuse water whenever possible.

Speaking to regional leaders, Milei argued that what he described as an authoritarian regime in Caracas could no longer be treated with caution or neutrality. He urged Mercosur members to take a firmer stance, calling for collective condemnation and alignment against what he framed as a regional danger that, if left unchecked, could affect the entire continent.

The Argentine president also welcomed pressure exerted by the United States under President Donald Trump , whom he credited with efforts aimed at increasing international pressure on Venezuela. Milei encouraged fellow Mercosur countries to support Washington’s position, saying the time had passed for what he described as timid or ambiguous responses to the situation.

His remarks came as the Trump administration announced new sanctions targeting family members of the Venezuelan president, escalating economic and diplomatic pressure on Caracas. The United States has also expanded its military presence in the Caribbean, citing operations against drug trafficking networks, while warning of further action. The Venezuelan government has rejected the accusations, denying links to narcotics trafficking and accusing Washington of pursuing regime change.

Despite persistent and systemic challenges, 2025 has delivered meaningful victories in the fight against gender-based violence (GBV) across the Global South.

Landmark legal reforms, policy shifts, regional coordination, and grassroots wins have shown that sustained advocacy and political pressure continue to yield results.

South Africa

Gender-based Violence elevated to a national emergency

In November 2025, South Africa reached a critical policy milestone when the government formally declared gender-based violence a national disaster .

The immediate catalyst was mass mobilisation in the lead-up to the G20. Women For Change coordinated a nationwide “Women’s Shutdown,” including silent lie-down protests, deliberately timed to coincide with heightened international attention.

The action amplified domestic demands while placing South Africa’s GBV crisis squarely under global scrutiny, increasing political pressure on the state to respond decisively.

This declaration means gender-based violence issues are formally recognised as a cross-government priority. Greater public accountability for the implementation of the National Strategic Plan on GBV and Femicide, which says governments and society that respond to GBV issues have strengthened accountability and bold leadership.

Over one in three women in South Africa have experienced physical violence at some point in their lives, while nearly one in ten have been subjected to sexual violence, figures that translate into millions of women navigating daily life under the persistent threat of harm within their homes and communities.

Brazil:

Strengthened Legal Protections for Survivors

Brazil’s president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, has signed a new law aimed at strengthening protections for women facing gender-based violence, a response to public anger over record levels of violence and a series of high-profile cases that sparked demonstrations across the country.

The law enhances judicial powers to protect victims by allowing judges to suspend or restrict an alleged abuser’s access to firearms, remove them from the victim’s home and impose no-contact orders. It also requires offenders subject to protective measures to wear ankle monitors, with associated technology to notify victims if the offender approaches.

In addition, the legislation increases maximum sentences for the rape of children under 14 and substantially raises penalties where a child is raped and killed.

Feminist activists have welcomed the measures as positive but have emphasised the need for greater funding for prevention, support services, and broader systemic and cultural change to reduce violence.

Kenya

Historic State Compensation for Survivors of Sexual Violence

In 2025, Kenya marked a historic breakthrough for gender-based violence accountability by issuing its first-ever state compensation to survivors of conflict-related sexual violence linked to the 2007–2008 post-election crisis.

Following a landmark High Court ruling, the government paid a compensation of 16 million Kenyan shillings (approx. USD $124,000) to survivors who had waited more than a decade for recognition and redress, signalling an important, if overdue, acknowledgement of state responsibility.

While the payments covered only part of what survivors are owed and excluded those harmed by non-state actors, the move set a powerful precedent: sexual violence in times of political crisis is a matter of state accountability, not private suffering.

Civil society organisations framed the moment as a partial but critical victory, renewing calls for a comprehensive national reparations framework, full implementation of victim protection laws, and broader compensation for survivors across regions and periods.

India

Expanded survivor support and digital safety measures

In 2025, India strengthened its institutional response to gender-based violence through the nationwide expansion of One-Stop Centres under the Mission Shakti framework. With more than 800 centres now operational across states and union territories, survivors of violence can access medical care, legal aid, psychosocial counselling, police support and temporary shelter through a single, coordinated entry point.

The scale-up reflects sustained advocacy for survivor-centred services that reduce fragmentation and barriers to justice. Fully funded by the central government and implemented at the state level, the centres also benefit from targeted capacity-building for frontline staff to improve case management and survivor care.

While gaps in access and quality remain, the expansion represents a significant structural win for GBV activism, embedding survivor support more firmly within public service delivery across the Global South.

An example of this trend is Chile, where José Antonio Kast , a right-wing conservative, won the December 2025 presidential runoff with about 58% of the vote, defeating leftist candidate Jeannette Jara.

His victory marks one of the clearest rightward political shifts in the country since its transition to democracy in 1990, and places Chile alongside other South American states now governed by conservative leaders.

Kast joins leaders such as Ecuador’s Daniel Noboa, El Salvador’s Nayib Bukele, and Argentina’s Javier Milei to show a regional shift away from leftist dominance.

The trend was further highlighted in October, when Bolivia elected centrist Rodrigo Paz, bringing nearly 20 years of socialist rule to an end.

Yet this rightward shift is not without its challenges and critics. Scholars like Ken Roberts, a professor at Cornell University, warned of potential political polarisation and institutional strains as new administrations push their agendas amid divided electorates ahead of the run-off.

“A Kast victory would reinforce the recent surge of right and far-right political actors in Latin America, who are strongly supported by the Trump Administration in the US. But it would also continue a much longer pattern of volatile anti-incumbent voting in Latin America's turbulent democratic waters. This latter pattern suggests that any political shift to the right in Chile and neighbouring countries is likely to encounter strong political headwinds and underlying fragilities in a regional context of acute polarisation and severely atrophied political institutions,” Roberts said.

The continent's electoral calendar continues with significant votes ahead in countries like Peru, Colombia and Brazil, and observers will be watching closely to see whether the current momentum carries forward or stalls.

Using data collected by the Centre for Climate Communication and Data Science (C3DS) at the University of Exeter, the researchers found that Big Oil companies were pouring money into Google ads targeting Brazil. These ads often promote the companies’ investments in green energy, which Renata Alberquerque Ribeiro from Climainfo says distracts from what the real data shows.

“They are committed to promoting their brands as sustainable and investing in the energy transition. When we look at the official data on their investments in energy and fossil fuels, we see that this is not true.”

Petrobras was responsible for 70% of the Big Oil ads in Brazil in 2025. The state-owned Brazilian oil company has been lauded by President Lula as key to Brazil’s green strategy. Its ads echo this message.

“The advertisements try to bring this sense of greatness, like there is something big happening around the energy transition, and Petrobras is the one that is leading,” says Ribeiro.

“But if you evaluate their new work plan, Petrobras reduced investment in the energy transition by 20%. They are decreasing investment in renewable energy and the energy transition, and increasing investment in fossil fuels.”

This week, President Lula has asked his ministers to present a roadmap for Brazil’s green transition within 60 days.

Though COP30 is over, Big Oil companies will still be looking to sway public opinion in their favour. With this new evidence of targeted campaigns by oil companies, should legislators be doing more to rein in their influence over public discussion?

De Moraes, a key figure in Brazil’s judiciary, previously placed Bolsonaro under house arrest in August 2025 for violating a court order banning him from using social media during his trial over an alleged coup attempt. At the time, the US justified its sanctions by accusing the judge of orchestrating “oppressive censorship, arbitrary detentions violating human rights, and politically motivated prosecutions,” including actions against Bolsonaro.

The decision to lift sanctions comes amid ongoing tensions between the US and Brazil over the independence of the country’s judicial system. Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva had criticised the original sanctions as an “interference” in Brazil’s justice system, while Bolsonaro’s son, Congressman Eduardo Bolsonaro, praised the US for its support, describing the move as a defence of strategic American interests.

Meanwhile, Bolsonaro is now required to begin serving his 27-year prison sentence at the Federal Police headquarters in Brasília, following his conviction for an attempted coup in September 2025. The removal of sanctions on De Moraes underscores the complex international and political pressures surrounding Brazil’s high-profile judicial cases and their broader diplomatic implications.

Brazil, the United States , China, and Chile are Argentina’s main export markets, together accounting for nearly half of all Argentine exports. The remaining 53.1% flows to the rest of the world.

Data from The World Bank and UN Comtrade reveal that Brazil remains Argentina’s most important buyer with a purchase of about 17.8% of the country’s total exports.

The United States follows with 8.5%, while China, the world’s second-largest economy, takes in around 7.7%. Chile, a long-standing regional partner closely linked to Argentina through energy and agriculture trade, absorbs roughly 7.4% of exports. Other partners, such as India, Switzerland, and Germany, contribute smaller but meaningful shares.

These export relationships are shaped largely by Argentina’s core products: soybeans, corn, beef, lithium, and automotive goods. The International Trade Centre (ITC) notes that Argentina is one of the world’s largest soybean exporters and an increasingly relevant supplier of lithium, a mineral vital to electric vehicle batteries.

The Mercosur bloc, which includes Brazil and Uruguay, is currently engaged in negotiations with the European Union on a long-delayed trade agreement. Progress on this deal could significantly reshape Argentina’s export landscape, opening up more European markets for agricultural and industrial goods.

Despite economic challenges at home, including inflation pressure and foreign debt restructuring, Argentina’s export ties remain a stabilising force.

The mobilisations were organised by the national movement Levante Mulheres Vivas and came amid a rise in femicides. Official data show that São Paulo recorded 166 femicides between January and August 2025, up from 152 in the same period the previous year, a trend that has intensified pressure on authorities to respond.

Some participants emphasised that the issue extends beyond individual cases, pointing to systemic failures and longstanding cultural norms. One demonstrator highlighted that stronger legislation is needed to address the deaths of women who are “workers and care for their children ,” reflecting frustration over perceived government inaction.

Others stressed that men must be engaged directly in efforts to dismantle misogyny and prevent femicide. As one protester, Flora, said: "Violence against women is an agenda that needs to be addressed… we have to demand that public authorities and men put an end to this culture of rape and violence against women."

From El Salvador to Argentina, leaders with roots in Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and other Arab regions have risen to the highest offices in the Western Hemisphere.

Between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, waves of Arab immigrants, mostly Lebanese, Palestinian, and Syrian Christians, fled the collapsing Ottoman Empire in search of stability and opportunity.

Latin America welcomed millions. Brazil today hosts one of the world’s largest Lebanese diasporas , estimated at more than 7 million people.

This mass migration created thriving communities whose children and grandchildren would eventually enter business, academia, and politics, including the presidential palaces of multiple nations.

Here is a list of such leaders

These leaders did not rise because of their heritage but because Latin America allowed their communities to integrate deeply, creating one of the most successful Arab diasporas globally.

The protest highlighted growing concern among environmental groups and civil society organisations, who argue the changes significantly weaken safeguards designed to protect forests, rivers and Indigenous territories. One demonstrator captured the sentiment of the rally, saying to Viory: “We are here today in the hot sun, always remembering that we are in a climate crisis and we cannot let vetoes as important as Lula's be overturned. We cannot let bills like this pass. We cannot let laws that make environmental law more flexible.”

At the heart of the dispute is Congress’s decision on Thursday to cancel 52 vetoes that Lula had applied to the 2025 Environmental Licensing Law . The vetoes were intended to maintain strict requirements obliging companies to prove that proposed projects would not cause environmental harm before receiving authorisation. Environmental advocates warn that removing these provisions amounts to a sweeping rollback of protections and reduces mandatory consultations with Indigenous and Afro-Brazilian communities.

Supporters of the new law, however, argue that it streamlines bureaucracy, accelerates infrastructure and development projects, and strengthens Brazil’s competitiveness. They insist the updated framework maintains a balance between economic growth and environmental responsibility, a claim strongly rejected by protesters, who say the decision represents a profound step backwards for climate and environmental governance in Brazil.

Beyond technical regulations, the reversal has significant social implications. Indigenous, quilombola and traditional communities lose important layers of protection and consultation in areas where projects may affect their lands — many of which remain without formal titles. Critics warn this could expose vulnerable groups to greater pressure from large-scale developments.

Internationally, the decision comes just days after Brazil hosted COP30 in the Amazon, where the government sought to project leadership on climate and forest conservation. The congressional move complicates that message, suggesting internal divisions over environmental policy at a moment when global attention remains focused on the Amazon’s future.

“Yesterday, this country gave the world a lesson in democracy,” he said, praising Brazil’s judiciary for demonstrating its “strength” without “any fanfare.”

Lula also claimed Brazil faced significant commercial pressure from the United States during the proceedings but “did not allow itself to be intimidated by external threats,” insisting that the trial was conducted “impeccably.”

This divide, has of course been exploited by politicians. From the 1970s onwards, the left sought to build support among racial minorities, gradually altering its own identity. Once fundamentally class-based, the “left” in the early 21st century took the fight not only to imperialist and colonial legacies but also to all those perceived to embody that heritage.

As a result, the integration that once defined the region has partly given way to racial fragmentation. Electoral maps from the last 20 years closely mirror the ethnic makeup of communities.

In Bolivia, the Aymara leader Evo Morales won office not only because voters endorsed the programme of his Movement for Socialism, but because of affinity to his indigenous background. Large constituencies backed him as he used anti-colonial rhetoric to seize and redistribute land from elite farmers, often of Spanish heritage.

In Bolivia’s 2025 election, the right-wing candidate Rodrigo Paz won with the backing of vice-presidential candidate Edman Lara - someone Indigenous voters consider one of their own. Tensions emerged immediately: Lara has mobilised supporters demanding expanded powers from the president.

In Peru, Communist Party leader Isaac Humala Núñez founded the Ethnocacerist Movement in 1987 with a straightforward agenda: power to the Indigenous population. His sons later built the Peruvian Nationalist Party on this foundation. One of them, Ollanta Humala became president in 2011. The party collapsed a few years later, but was replaced by a left-wing movement likewise oriented toward Indigenous voters, albeit without explicitly racial slogans. In 2021, its candidate Pedro Castillo - himself indigenous - won the presidency. Electoral maps show that Castillo prevailed in regions dominated by indigenous populations.

Ecuador’s elections have also taken on a racial character. Daniel Noboa won office with support from the Europeanised electorate and now faces protests from indigenous groups, escalating in some cases into armed confrontation.

In Brazil, the Workers’ Party—the main force of the left—does not explicitly foreground racial issues. However, after coming to power in 2003, it expanded affirmative-action policies explicitly aimed at increasing access for Black, Indigenous, and low-income Brazilians. 

The victory of right-wing candidate Jair Bolsonaro in 2019 was, to some extent, a revolt against these policies. Overlaid electoral and demographic maps tell the story: the “Black” Northeast voted for the left, while the “white” South and Southeast backed the right. The 2022 results show a similar pattern, though the left won that time - political preferences still matter, and Brazi’s divisions are less ethnically-based than, for example, Bolivia.

Colombia’s recent elections reveal a comparable trend. Around 60% of the population belongs to various ethnic groups distinguishing themselves from the “descendants of colonisers”. Left-wing candidate Gustavo Petro made race a visible part of his platform, promising to defend the rights of Indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities. Turnout in regions where those groups predominate surged, while the traditionally “white” centre of the country once again saw low participation.

Indigenous communities are beginning to step outside the framework of the left and articulate their own demands. Brazilian Indigenous groups staged unrest at a climate summit, opposing the construction of railways, power facilities and oil extraction in the Amazon - projects seen as vital for most Brazilians, but not for Indigenous groups. Similar dynamics are unfolding in Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile and even Argentina, where Indigenous populations are small minorities, yet still mobilising against development initiatives, sometimes violently, as seen in Chile and Ecuador.

The intensification of racial tensions destabilises Latin American states and obstructs their development. Crucially, these mobilisations rarely benefit indigenous communities themselves, but their leaders- often pursuing personal or group political and financial interests. They use left-wing movements as a façade, stoking conflict and provoking confrontation between “indigenous” and “non-indigenous” Latin Americans.

This opinion piece solely represents the views of the author, who has chosen not to disclose his name to avoid repercussions to his work. Global South World knows and can verify his identity.

Trump said he had spoken with Lula and expected an in-person meeting soon. The meeting could signal a shift in tone, following months of elevated tensions between their administrations over trade and sanctions .

On Bolsonaro’s detention, Trump expressed surprise, claiming he was initially unaware of the arrest. He added that the move raises serious concerns about political persecution, given Bolsonaro’s long-standing role in Brazilian politics .

Trump’s remarks come amid a broader realignment in US–Brazil relations. Earlier this year, he imposed steep tariffs on Brazilian exports, measures some analysts saw as support for Bolsonaro. The potential upcoming meeting with Lula could mark a return to diplomatic engagement, depending on how both sides navigate past grievances.

Bolsonaro had been sentenced in September to 27 years and three months in prison for his role in a coup attempt after losing the 2022 election. Authorities pointed to evidence that his ankle monitor had been tampered with, raising fears he could flee the country. His lawyers strongly objected to the detention, claiming the planned event was a “prayer vigil” and citing his constitutional right to religious gathering.

In the court’s ruling, Justice de Moraes warned that an encampment by Bolsonaro’s supporters could jeopardise public security and obstruct the terms of his house arrest. Bolsonaro’s appeal against his sentence is currently under consideration by a panel of Brazil’s Supreme Court, which has refused to reduce his term to date. The arrest marks a critical moment in Brazil’s political landscape, underscoring deep divisions and continuing international attention on the rule of law in Latin America .

Romulo Batista, coordinator of Greenpeace Brazil’s Forest Solutions project, used the moment to issue one of the summit’s clearest demands. “Another extremely important point is our demand directed at polluters. They must pay the bill for climate change and, in particular, ensure the just energy transition of developing countries, so they do not have to go through a high-carbon economy to develop,” he said.

For Greenpeace, holding major emitters financially accountable is essential to prevent poorer nations from repeating the carbon-heavy development paths of richer countries.

COP30 itself has centred on protecting the Amazon and accelerating global climate action, particularly in regions most exposed to environmental degradation. Greenpeace’s intervention underscored a broader concern shared by many at the summit: that without binding commitments forcing the world ’s biggest polluters to pay for the damage they have caused, the promise of a just transition will remain out of reach.

“From the beginning, I did not doubt that we would make the best COP of all COPs,” Lula said.

He also underscored the event’s global visibility, insisting that major cities and governments now recognise Brazil’s leadership on climate and environmental issues. “Today, I am certain that China knows Belém. … Berlin knows Belém … Russia knows Belém,” he told reporters, adding that the summit had also captured attention within Brazil itself.

Lula singled out public engagement as one of the most striking features of this year’s edition. He welcomed the large-scale, orderly participation of activists involved in the “Summit of the Peoples,” a parallel mobilisation whose delegates submitted a consolidated climate action proposal to the government .

COP30 continues in Belém through late November, with organisers reporting some of the highest levels of civil society and Indigenous presence in the summit’s history.

“It is not possible that through culture we can create committees in all African countries. Who do we depend on? On no one, on ourselves, on our will. I am going to the G20 in South Africa right now, and I will pass through Mozambique. I have the idea of making an agreement between our federal universities, Embrapa and our federal institutes to teach agricultural techniques to the African people, so that they can effectively carry out the agricultural revolution. The same thing we did here in Brazil without making the mistakes we ourselves made,” Lula da Silva said.

He added that distance learning could be central to expanding access to training and framed the effort as part of Brazil’s broader responsibility towards African nations.

Judges Alexandre de Moraes and Flávio Dino have already signalled support for the charges, citing evidence that Eduardo Bolsonaro pressured Supreme Court justices from abroad. According to prosecutors, he even boasted about the sanctions that could be applied against them.

The case is closely connected to Bolsonaro’s own legal troubles. Jair Bolsonaro was recently convicted by the same court for plotting a coup after his 2022 electoral defeat and received a 27-year prison sentence. The potential prosecution of his son adds a new dimension to the ongoing political-judicial drama in Brazil.

From a global perspective, the proceedings highlight the fragility of democratic institutions in the face of populist political networks. The international community is closely watching if Brazil’s judiciary can maintain its independence under pressure from powerful political figures and their allies abroad.

If Eduardo Bolsonaro is formally charged, it may deepen political polarisation in Brazil and raise significant questions about accountability, rule of law and the separation of powers in one of Latin America ’s most influential democracies.

Brazil’s Chamber of Deputies is currently debating a controversial anti-gang bill that has ignited sharp political tensions across the country. The proposed legislation, which aims to strengthen criminal penalties and enhance the government’s ability to dismantle organised crime networks, has drawn criticism from the Federal Police and several government officials. Detractors argue that the bill could open the door to misuse of authority and may undermine civil rights protections. At the same time, supporters claim it is essential to address the growing threat of gang-related violence in major cities. The debate reflects the delicate balance between bolstering public safety and safeguarding democratic freedoms.

Brazil’s new crime commission: A fight for control and credibility

Brazil’s Senate has launched a Parliamentary Inquiry Commission to investigate organised crime. However, this move has not come without controversy. Political analysts and opposition figures have raised concerns about the inquiry's independence, suggesting that political manoeuvring could compromise its integrity. The commission, intended to expose corruption and strengthen national security , risks becoming another political battleground where competing factions vie for influence. Questions about transparency and impartiality are now shaping public opinion, with critics urging reforms to ensure that accountability, not politics, remains at the heart of the investigation.

Criminal crisis unites right, signalling ‘post-Bolsonaro’ era

A deadly police operation in Rio de Janeiro has thrust Brazil’s public security policies back into the national spotlight and stirred a major political realignment. The crisis has united opposition figures on the right, many of whom were previously divided under the influence of former President Jair Bolsonaro. Analysts say this moment may mark the beginning of a “post-Bolsonaro” era , as right-wing leaders increasingly seek to redefine their identity around law and order rather than personality-driven politics. The renewed focus on policing and crime control underscores how security has become one of the defining issues in Brazil’s shifting political landscape

Lula secures ally to lead Senate inquiry into organised crime

In a strategic political move, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s government has successfully secured leadership of a Senate inquiry into organised crime. The decision has sparked debate over potential political interference in what is meant to be an impartial investigation. Supporters of the government argue that Lula’s allies can ensure more effective oversight and results-oriented action. However, opposition groups and civil society watchdogs warn that this concentration of control risks undermining the inquiry's credibility. The development reflects ongoing tensions between executive authority and institutional independence, as Brazil navigates complex challenges at the intersection of politics, crime, and governance .

Rio Bonito was the hardest-hit city, accounting for five of the reported deaths, while another fatality occurred in the rural zone of Guarapuava. In response, the state government has declared three days of official mourning as rescue teams and emergency services continue recovery efforts.

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva expressed his condolences to the victims’ families through his official X account and reaffirmed the federal government’s support for local authorities. Meanwhile, regional officials have urged residents to remain in safe locations and comply with emergency instructions, as humanitarian aid and clean-up operations continue. A full assessment of damages and a partial reconstruction plan are expected to be announced soon.

He went on to outline three additional priorities: adherence to the principles of climate justice; ensuring access to appropriate and affordable technologies, particularly in renewable energy ; and providing technical assistance, capacity-building, and stronger systems for monitoring, reporting, and verification.

The ambassador warned that Gaza is facing “serious public health risks” and escalating “environmental threats,” noting that “the genocide has destroyed agricultural lands and vegetation cover.”

Al-Zeben added that Palestine’s “catastrophic environmental situation” must be recognised as an important factor in global climate change .

The UN COP30 conference, in Belém, Brazil, brings together world leaders, scientists, and civil society representatives to define priorities for climate action. The summit focuses on efforts to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C, review new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and assess the implementation of financial commitments made at previous conferences.

Addressing the role of powerful nations in climate debates, Boric directly criticised former US President Donald Trump for denying the existence of the climate crisis. In his speech, Boric stated: "These are times when voices arise that choose to ignore or deny the scientific evidence about the climate crisis. Not long ago, the President of the United States, at the last UN General Assembly, said that the climate crisis does not exist, and that is a lie."

Boric also drew attention to the disproportionate effects of climate change on vulnerable populations, including women, indigenous groups, and local communities, particularly in the Global South. He emphasised that addressing climate change requires acknowledging these inequalities and ensuring that solutions are inclusive and just.

The event, hosted in the Amazon, underscores the global significance of preserving critical ecosystems while addressing climate change. Countries from the Global South have consistently called on the Global North to take responsibility for historical emissions and to commit to tangible measures that mitigate ongoing climate impacts worldwide.

COP30 runs from November 10 to 21, offering a platform for nations to advance dialogue, forge commitments, and confront the climate emergency with renewed international solidarity.