"In the light of Easter, let us allow ourselves to be amazed by Christ! Let us allow our hearts to be transformed by his immense love for us! Let those who have weapons lay them down! Let those who have the power to unleash wars choose peace! Not a peace imposed by force, but through dialogue! Not with the desire to dominate others, but to encounter them!" he said.

Leo also warned against what he described as a growing desensitisation to violence, lamenting a world becoming indifferent to the deaths of thousands and the wider consequences of conflict.

"On this day of celebration, let us abandon every desire for conflict, domination, and power, and implore the Lord to grant his peace to a world ravaged by wars and marked by a hatred and indifference that make us feel powerless in the face of evil," the pontiff, who hails from Chicago in the United States , said.

Popes have long been viewed as a moral compass in times of crisis, and Leo’s Easter message appeared to continue that tradition — while also reflecting the unique position of the papacy as both a spiritual authority and a head of state.

Although the pontiff did not name specific leaders in his Easter address, his remarks come against the backdrop of escalating global tensions and ongoing conflicts .

Just days earlier, however, Leo had been more direct.

Speaking to journalists, he referenced remarks by Donald Trump, saying he hoped the US leader was seeking an “off-ramp” to reduce violence and halt the cycle of hatred, particularly in conflict zones such as the Middle East.

He also called on leaders to return to dialogue and reduce the level of violence , stressing that peace — especially during Easter — should prevail.

As conflicts persist across multiple regions, Leo’s call for restraint, dialogue and peace positions the Vatican once again at the centre of global appeals for an end to violence.

Scaled-down ‘Visita Iglesia’

The impact of higher fuel prices is most visible in Visita Iglesia, a Maundy Thursday tradition where devotees visit seven or more churches to pray the 14 Stations of the Cross

This year, some Catholics are compressing the ritual — opting to visit just one church and complete all 14 stations within its premises, rather than travelling across multiple locations.

Others are limiting their routes to nearby parishes, abandoning longer trips that previously stretched to provinces such as Pampanga, Ilocos or Tagaytay.

The shift reflects the sharp rise in fuel prices, with gasoline costs nearly doubling in some cases, prompting households to cut back not only on travel but also on electricity and other daily expenses.

Urban centres such as Quezon City and Manila have seen steady foot traffic in major churches, suggesting that while mobility has been curtailed, participation in the tradition remains intact — albeit in a more localised form.

‘Jesus’ prays for the Middle East

In Pampanga, one of the country’s most extreme expressions of Holy Week devotion has taken on a contemporary geopolitical dimension.

In San Pedro Cutud, San Fernando, a long-time devotee known as the “Christ of Pampanga” marked his final crucifixion after 37 years — dedicating the act to prayers for peace in the Middle East.

The ritual, in which participants are nailed to wooden crosses, drew about 8,000 spectators at the main site and more than 15,000 across five locations this year, according to organisers.

The annual reenactment, already physically demanding, unfolded under intense heat, with some attendees fainting during the ceremonies, though no major incidents were reported.

The retiring devotee, aged 65 and managing health issues including asthma, required oxygen support after the performance — underscoring both the personal toll and enduring appeal of the tradition, which continues to draw both local and foreign visitors.

Travel demand still up 50%

Despite mounting cost pressures, data suggest that Filipinos are still travelling in large numbers during Holy Week — though with notable adjustments.

Outbound travel demand rose by 50% year-on-year for the April 1 to 12 period, while domestic bookings increased by 25%, according to travel platform Trip.com.

However, travellers are increasingly favouring destinations closer to home, particularly within Asia. Hong Kong, Tokyo and Singapore topped outbound preferences, followed by Bangkok and Taipei, with longer-haul trips to Europe and the United States seeing reduced demand as airfares climbed sharply.

Holy Week remains one of the Philippines’ busiest travel periods, with bookings made earlier — averaging 74 days in advance — as travellers seek to manage rising costs.

Meeting in Bangkok, the bishops said only “sincere, responsible, and sustained dialogue” can open a path to lasting peace.

In a separate statement, the Asia-Pacific chapter of the International Catholic Movement for Intellectual and Cultural Affairs ( ICMICA ) condemned actions that “escalate violence, inflame regional tensions, and endanger global peace,” and warned against the normalization of “preventive strikes” and unilateral military action.

Together, the statements mark one of the most coordinated regional faith-based responses in Asia since the latest surge in Middle East hostilities.

The FABC — whose leadership includes Cardinal Filipe Neri Ferrao, Cardinal Pablo Virgilio David and Cardinal Isao Kikuchi — stressed that war disproportionately harms the poor, displaced communities, children and future generations. 

The bishops urged governments to restore diplomacy as the primary instrument of conflict resolution and called on religious leaders to demonstrate interfaith solidarity in defense of human life.

The ICMICA coalition, composed of Catholic professional and theological groups from South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, India, Sri Lanka and Australia, took a more pointed stance on geopolitics. 

While acknowledging the “complexity of security concerns faced by all parties,” the network argued that durable security cannot be achieved through military escalation but must rest on negotiated solutions consistent with international law and the United Nations Charter.

The coalition also expressed solidarity with civilians across Iran and the broader region, particularly vulnerable groups such as women, migrant workers and religious minorities. It said any political transformation in Iran must arise from “the agency and collective will of the people themselves — not from external military intervention.”

Both groups grounded their appeals in Asia’s historical memory of war, colonialism and geopolitical rivalry.

 “War is a defeat for humanity,” the ICMICA statement said.

Dalits — formerly labelled “untouchables” under India’s caste system — have long faced entrenched social exclusion despite constitutional safeguards. Thus, Poola’s rise is widely seen as a landmark in a society where caste discrimination, though outlawed, remains deeply rooted.

Poola was elevated to the College of Cardinals by Pope Francis in 2022, becoming the first Dalit cardinal in the Catholic Church. His appointment as CBCI president now places him at the forefront of Catholic engagement with the Indian state.

In his first remarks after the vote, Poola described Church leadership as a form of service grounded in listening and dialogue. He pledged to promote unity among India’s diverse Catholic rites and to foster reconciliation in what he called a period of mounting social tension.

The bishops used their annual meeting to issue a pointed defence of constitutional freedoms, warning that religious liberty is under strain. They renewed calls for the repeal of anti-conversion laws enacted in several Indian states.

Those laws criminalise religious conversions alleged to involve coercion, fraud or inducement, and in some states require prior official approval before a person changes faith. Christian leaders say the legislation is frequently used to harass clergy and worshippers through false complaints.

Hindu nationalist groups have long accused Christian missionaries of targeting vulnerable communities for conversion — a charge the Church rejects. Rights advocates say accusations have at times been accompanied by mob violence and arrests carried out without due process.

The bishops also highlighted discrimination faced by Dalit Christians, who are excluded from certain state welfare benefits available to Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist Dalits under India’s reservation system. The exclusion has been contested for decades.

Under a 1950 presidential order, only Dalits belonging to specific religions qualify for “Scheduled Caste” status, granting access to quotas in public employment and education. Christian and Muslim Dalits remain ineligible, despite similar social disadvantage.

Christians account for about 2.3% of India’s 1.4 billion people .

With a Dalit cardinal now leading the episcopal conference, the Church has signalled both an internal reckoning with caste and a renewed appeal for equal protections under India’s secular constitution.

According to a Washington Post report , Parolin had begun probing US intentions as early as Christmas Eve, asking the American ambassador to the Holy See whether Washington was targeting drug traffickers or pursuing outright regime change.

What Parolin was ultimately pushing for, the report said, was time. 

He urged US officials to exercise patience and allow Maduro to step aside peacefully, potentially accepting asylum in Russia. Moscow, Parolin suggested, was prepared to guarantee the Venezuelan leader’s security if an exit could be arranged.

Those efforts failed. Just over a week later, US Special Operations forces swooped into Maduro’s residence in Caracas and captured him and his wife — an operation that left about 75 people dead. 

This week, Parolin and the Holy See Press Office confirmed the outlines of the Post report. 

Without elaborating on his conversations with US officials or the source of Russia’s alleged offer, Parolin said Venezuela had been plunged into a “situation of great uncertainty.” 

“We had tried precisely — as, among other things, has appeared in some newspapers — to find a solution that would avoid any bloodshed, trying perhaps to reach an agreement even with Maduro and with other figures in the regime, but this was not possible,” he said.

Pope ‘deeply concerned’

Pope Leo XIV himself has voiced unease. 

A day after the January 3 operation, Pope Leo XIV used his Angelus address to express “deep concern” for Venezuela, stressing respect for human rights and national sovereignty. 

“The good of the beloved Venezuelan people must prevail over every other consideration,” he said, calling for paths of “justice and peace."

His remarks took on added weight after Donald Trump suggested that US control over Venezuela — and its vast oil reserves — could last “years.”

Not the first time

The Vatican’s intervention was not unprecedented. 

Formally represented in global affairs by the Holy See, the Catholic Church occupies an unusual diplomatic space: the world’s smallest state, with no army and fewer than 1,000 residents, yet led by a pontiff with moral authority over some 1.4 billion Catholics worldwide. 

For centuries, popes have acted as mediators and moral brokers, relying on soft power.

From Cold War diplomacy to conflict mediation in Latin America, the Vatican has repeatedly sought to insert restraint where power politics threaten bloodshed. 

Its failed bid to secure an exile for Maduro proves just that. 

In reality, however, the sheer press of bodies — worshippers jostling to touch the image with their hands or wipe it with white towels — is often enough to propel the carriage along the nearly six-kilometre route, a journey that can take almost a full day.

As the Philippines marks the feast of the Jesus Nazareno, Global South World looks back at the image’s history and its rise into one of the country’s most enduring religious traditions, in a nation with the world’s third-largest Catholic population.

16th-century roots

Historical accounts trace the image’s arrival to 1606, when Spanish Augustinian Recollect missionaries brought it from Mexico to the Philippines. It was first housed in Bagumbayan, now Luneta Park, before being transferred to churches in Intramuros as devotion intensified.

By the mid-17th century, the cult of the Jesus Nazareno had gained official Vatican recognition. Pope Innocent X approved the formation of a religious brotherhood tasked with caring for the image.

The annual Traslación commemorates the transfer of the statue to its present home at Quiapo Church in central Manila, ordered between 1767 and 1787. What began as a modest procession steadily grew into a massive public event, particularly after the image was believed to have survived fires, earthquakes and wars — episodes devotees regard as miraculous.

A mammoth procession

In recent decades, the Traslación has evolved into a national spectacle. The procession retraces the historic route from Bagumbayan to Quiapo and can last nearly 24 hours.

In 2025, the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines designated January 9 a nationwide liturgical feast, further elevating the event’s status.

Authorities expect around eight million people to take part this year. Many participate in the pahalik , a ritual veneration of the image, or attempt to touch it during the procession, believing it brings healing and blessings.

Why the Church dropped the word ‘black’

The Traslación has changed in recent years, particularly after the Covid-19 pandemic. The image is now carried in a glass-enclosed carriage to prevent damage to the centuries-old statue and reduce the risk of injury to devotees.

A more symbolic shift came in 2024, when Quiapo Church dropped the word “black” from its official title. 

In a decree, Manila Archbishop Jose Cardinal Advincula announced the church would formally be known as the Minor Basilica and National Shrine of Jesus Nazareno – Saint John the Baptist Parish.

The move, the decree said, was intended “to further focus the people on the holy name of our Lord rather than a colour or attribute.” 

As a national shrine, the Church said it aimed to be “more inclusive,” recognising devotions to other images of the cross-bearing Christ that are not dark in colour.

Despite these changes, the meaning of the image and the procession remains largely unchanged for Filipino devotees. 

For many, the Jesus Nazareno represents a suffering Christ who identifies with hardship and endurance — a powerful symbol that, more than four centuries on, continues to shape religious life and identity in the Philippines.

This year, vast crowds made the journey carrying statues, photos and offerings. Many travelled on their knees, reflecting both devotion and the burdens they hoped to leave behind. For some, the pilgrimage is connected to economic hardship, migration challenges or health crises, issues that resonate widely across the Global South and diaspora communities.

One young student, for example, completed the route crawling after promising to repay the Virgin if he was able to resume his studies following serious financial difficulties. A local businesswoman returned to give thanks for work and health during the year and to pray for her husband’s safe return from the United States . Another father completed the journey on his knees with his children after believing his infant son, once given little chance of survival due to a tumour, had been granted another chance at life.

Many described the physical strain of the last stretch as overwhelming, speaking of the moment when the entrance to the basilica comes into sight, and the sense of weight becomes almost unbearable. Others framed the pilgrimage as an act of renewal, saying they had come to express gratitude for health , protection and the hope of remaining “clean” and free from the struggles that once defined their lives.

According to tradition, the Virgin Mary appeared in 1531 to an Indigenous man named Juan Diego, and devotion to Our Lady of Guadalupe has since become woven into Mexico’s cultural and spiritual identity. Yet its significance extends far beyond the country. Authorities estimate that around four million pilgrims will visit the basilica between 11 and 12 December, placing the event among the world ’s most attended religious gatherings.

“A quarter million Americans died due to the fentanyl crisis. So securing borders saves lives. I wish the Catholic Church would understand that,” he said. “We have the right to secure our borders, just as they have the right to secure their facility, and the penalties for entering their facilities are much worse than ours. We’re going to enforce the law and by doing that, we’re saving a lot of lives.”

Homan, who described himself as a lifelong Catholic, urged Church leaders to reflect on their own institution before criticising US policy . “I’ll say it not only as Border Czar, but as a Catholic: I think they need to spend time fixing the Catholic Church,” he told reporters.

He also defended the administration’s approach to mass deportations and strict border enforcement, arguing that it deters migrants from undertaking dangerous journeys controlled by criminal cartels. The US, he said, now has “a pretty good handle on who’s coming in, what’s coming in, where it’s coming in, why it’s coming in” after what he described as years of neglect by the previous government .

His comments came after the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops overwhelmingly approved a statement opposing mass deportations and calling for an end to dehumanising rhetoric aimed at migrants. Pope Leo XIV has similarly urged religious leaders to defend those affected by US immigration policies .

This diplomatic move comes in the wake of increased U.S. military operations in the Caribbean, targeting alleged Venezuelan drug trafficking vessels. The U.S. has conducted several strikes, resulting in casualties and raising concerns over sovereignty and international law. Maduro has condemned these actions as attempts to destabilise his government, further straining bilateral relations.

In his communication, Maduro expressed faith in Pope Leo XIV's ability to mediate, noting the pontiff's balanced approach and commitment to peace. He emphasised that the Vatican's diplomatic influence could play a pivotal role in de-escalating the situation and fostering dialogue.

The Venezuelan government has also invoked constitutional provisions, with Vice President Delcy Rodríguez indicating that Maduro has signed a decree granting himself special powers in response to what he perceives as external aggression. This move underscores the seriousness with which Caracas views the current crisis.

As tensions continue to rise, the international community watches closely, with hopes that diplomatic efforts, including those from the Vatican, can mitigate the risk of further escalation and contribute to a peaceful resolution.

Between January and September 2025 alone, at least 15 priests were kidnapped, according to a report prepared by the International Society for Civil Liberties and Rule of Law (Intersociety). Since 2015, the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Nigeria (CBCN) has documented 145 kidnappings, 11 murders, and four disappearances of priests. Intersociety estimates the true toll is far higher, with 600 clergy from various denominations attacked in the past decade.

Intersociety reports that since the Boko Haram insurgency began in 2009, more than 19,000 churches have been destroyed, looted, or forcibly closed, an average of three a day. Nearly 15 million Nigerians have been displaced as communities flee massacres, particularly in states such as Kaduna, Benue, Plateau, and Taraba. This means that the violence extends beyond the clergy.

The perpetrators include Boko Haram, its splinter group Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP), and armed Fulani militias. While some attacks are ideologically motivated, many involve ransom kidnappings and extortion. In Kaduna’s Rijana area, jihadist camps are believed to be holding at least 850 Christians, many subjected to torture or execution if ransoms go unpaid.

Intersociety has also accused elements within Nigeria’s security forces of complicity in kidnappings and killings, citing counterinsurgency operations in the southeast that critics say have blurred the line between state action and persecution.

Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, is home to the continent’s largest Christian community. International watchdog Open Doors ranks Nigeria sixth worldwide for Christian persecution, warning that unchecked violence risks destabilising the wider West African region.

Italy’s overwhelming representation among popes is no coincidence. The Vatican, nestled within Rome, is both the religious and geographical heart of Catholicism. For centuries, the proximity, political power, and cultural clout of Italy made it the natural birthplace for pontiffs, especially during the medieval and Renaissance eras when the papacy was heavily entwined with Italian politics .

Despite Italy's dominance, other nations have also contributed to the papal lineage:

The event marks a historic moment for the Catholic Church as Leo XIV prepares to officially begin his papacy with the inaugural celebration at the Vatican.

Yet, as the map above shows, a small group of countries remains outside this global circle. From communist giants to war-torn regions and ideologically rigid states, here’s a breakdown of why some nations still have no diplomatic ties with the Holy See.

Countries without diplomatic relations with the Holy See

Highlighted in red on the map, these countries currently have no formal diplomatic engagement with the Vatican:

Why do these countries stand apart?

1. China

China’s relationship with the Vatican is one of the most complex. Although there has been a provisional agreement since 2018 on the appointment of bishops, full diplomatic relations have not been restored since the Holy See recognised the government in Taiwan. The Chinese Communist Party maintains tight control over religion, making diplomacy difficult.

2. North Korea

With strict isolationist policies and no freedom of religion, North Korea has never established ties with the Holy See. There are no official Catholic churches, and any underground religious activity is met with severe punishment.

3. Vietnam

Vietnam and the Vatican have improved ties in recent years, with a resident papal representative now allowed, but no formal diplomatic status exists yet. Talks are ongoing, and observers expect a breakthrough shortly.

4. Saudi Arabia and Oman

Both nations are Islamic monarchies with no formal churches and strict bans on public Christian worship. Religious freedom is limited, making official ties with the Holy See nearly impossible under current laws.

5. Afghanistan

Ongoing conflict, the resurgence of the Taliban, and a strict interpretation of Islamic law leave no room for a formal Catholic presence or diplomatic recognition of the Holy See.

6. Somalia and Comoros

Both nations have weak governance and fragile internal conditions , especially Somalia, which faces instability and terrorism. Religious minorities, including Christians, are often persecuted.

The Holy See's global role

The Holy See isn’t just a religious authority—it’s a sovereign entity under international law , actively participating in:

Its diplomatic influence is seen as a moral and ethical counterbalance in global affairs, particularly on issues like migration, conflict resolution, poverty, and climate change.

The election of Pope Leo XIV on May 8 was historic, as he became the first American to ascend to the highest office of the Catholic Church. 

He succeeds Pope Francis, who passed away on April 21, Easter Monday. Pope Leo XIV holds dual citizenship in the United States and Peru.

“I think first of all, nobody was really expecting an American pope to be announced in this conclave… He had similar experiences to us at Villanova. I think that was a pretty surreal moment,” one student told AFP.

“I'm in my dorm with my door open, and just all across the floor, I hear people start, like, yelling. Everyone's like, so excited. I ran out of my room because I knew one of my friends was down the hall, and we just looked at each other. We're like the new pope is from Villanova,” another student recalled the excitement on campus.

The election of Pope Leo XIV has also prompted questions regarding the future direction of the Church, particularly concerning the inclusion of women in leadership roles—a key initiative of Pope Francis.

According to the Vatican , women’s representation in the Church workforce increased from 19.2% to 23.4% after a decade of Francis’ papacy.

Pope Leo XIV, who also obtained a Master of Divinity (MDiv) from the Catholic Theological Union (CTU) in 1982, is expected to uphold this legacy.

“He did have female theologians as his professors. And so I think even just experientially that's a given… I think in terms of Pope Francis appointing women to key leadership positions, I don't think that will change,” a member of the Villanova faculty noted.

Locals recall the pope’s working-class roots and how the neighborhood church served as a cornerstone of community life. “It’s just mind-blowing to think that it started here in our humble little town,” Sally Rock, 65, who grew up in Dolton told the AFP.

Others, like former resident Lea Morgan, expressed concern about the area’s decline, describing it as “dangerous” today. Still, she holds onto hope: “Now that the Pope is here and he’s from this neighborhood, maybe our prayer for peace is being answered.”

Early Life in Chicago

Born in 1955 to parents of Spanish and Franco-Italian descent, Pope Leo XIV grew up in a working-class neighbourhood in Dolton, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.

He served as an altar boy and was known for his early devotion to the Church.

His brother John recalled that even as a young child, Leo preferred playing "priest" over other games.

A life in missionary work

After his ordination in 1982, Prevost moved to Peru three years later.

He spent over a decade working as a parish pastor and seminary teacher in Trujillo.

In 2014, Pope Francis appointed him Bishop of Chiclayo, a region in northern Peru. He later became an Archbishop and was made a cardinal in 2023.

Pope Francis also placed him in charge of the Vatican’s powerful Dicastery for Bishops, responsible for selecting bishops around the world.

During his time in Peru, he earned citizenship and the admiration of the people. In 2022, during severe floods, he was seen wading through mud to help communities in need.

In a photo released by the Diocese of Chulucanas, he is shown leading celebrations there just last year.

Why the name Leo?

By choosing the name Leo, he follows a line of popes known for strength and social teaching. Pope Leo I persuaded Attila the Hun not to attack Rome in 452. Pope Leo XIII was famous for his writings on workers’ rights during the Industrial Revolution.

Church observers say Leo XIV may be signalling a similar concern for social justice.

An American, but also Latin American

Although he was born in the United States, the Vatican described him as the second pope from the Americas, following Francis from Argentina.

His decades in Peru allowed him to build strong ties with Latin America. His international background helped present him as a “compromise candidate” during the conclave, easing concerns over a US pope’s possible political implications.

What family and friends say

Leo’s brothers, Louis and John Prevost, have spoken about the new pope’s lifelong dedication to the Church.

“I think the very fact that in his heart, in his very soul, he wanted to be a missionary. He didn’t want the bishop. He didn’t want the cardinal, but that’s what he’s asked to do, so that’s what he did,” John told CNN .

Reverend John Lydon, a former roommate, described him to the BBC as “down to earth” and “very concerned with the poor.”

Leadership style and religious beliefs

Pope Leo XIV is considered a moderate. His brother John said he is “not far-left or far-right,” and expects him to be “a second Pope Francis.”

Leo is known to support many of Francis’ reforms. As cardinal, he oversaw the inclusion of three women in the Dicastery for Bishops and said their views enriched the decision-making process.

He also supported Francis’ stance on giving communion to divorced and remarried Catholics and showed moderate support for blessings of same-sex couples.

However, he has stressed that bishops must apply such teachings in ways that reflect local cultures.

On environmental issues, he has called for urgent action. Speaking in 2024, he said humanity must build a “relationship of reciprocity” with nature and backed efforts at the Vatican to reduce emissions.

Views on politics and society

Leo XIV has been outspoken on migration and social justice. In April, when former US President Donald Trump met El Salvador’s president about using a controversial prison, he reposted a tweet that said: “Do you not see the suffering? Is your conscience not disturbed?”

He has also shared criticism of US policies on immigration, including an article that challenged Vice President JD Vance’s interpretation of Christian teachings.

Response to abuse crisis

While Leo XIV has said the Church must be transparent in handling abuse cases, his past handling of allegations has drawn criticism.

SNAP, a US-based group supporting victims of clergy abuse, raised concerns about his election. In 2023, the Augustinian order he once led in Chicago paid $2 million to settle a rape accusation involving a priest who was not included on a public list of offenders.

Survivors filed a complaint with the Vatican, accusing Prevost and others of inaction. The diocese denied any cover-up.

His first words as pope

In his first words as pope, Leo XIV paid tribute to his predecessor. “We still hear in our ears the weak but always courageous voice of Pope Francis who blessed us,” he told cheering crowds in St Peter’s Square. “United and hand in hand with God, let us advance together.”

Argentine worshippers such as Ricardo Sarabia told the AFP that Pope Francis's pastoral approach "brought the faithful closer to the Church,” adding, “A start has already been made with Francis,” she said.

Some Catholics also expressed more conservative views, urging the Church to preserve tradition. Michelina Lavoratore, a 72-year-old Canadian, said, “I love the traditional Church. I'm hoping that the pope is also going to keep traditions that we've had for 2,000 years.”

A Canadian priest, Justin Pulikunnel expressed concern over what he called a “dozen years of destabilisation and ambiguity” and hoped the new pope would “calm the waters” and be a “solid rock for the faithful.” 

The Pope died on Easter Monday at age 88.

Although not announced officially, the decision was made during the first closed-door meeting of cardinals since Pope Francis' funeral on Saturday, April 26.

The exercise will involve about 135 cardinals under the age of 80 from around the world who will vote to choose the new leader of the 1.4 billion-member Church.

As the papal election approaches, speculation continues over who might emerge as the next pope. Since Pope Francis' passing, several prominent names have surfaced, each offering unique experiences and visions for the future of the Catholic Church.

Here’s a closer look at the leading contenders:

Cardinal Michael Czerny, 78

Leader of the Vatican’s Social Justice Office (Canada)

Born in Czechoslovakia and raised in Canada, Cardinal Czerny embodies global citizenship. A Jesuit like Pope Francis, Czerny has led humanitarian missions in El Salvador and Africa and played a critical role in the Vatican's response to migration crises.

Czerny's commitment to human rights positions him to likely continue Pope Francis' emphasis on social justice. However, his age—already 78—could be a significant barrier, as the Church often looks for younger leadership.

Cardinal Robert Prevost, 69

Prefect of the Vatican Dicastery for Bishops (United States)

Cardinal Prevost's leadership of the Vatican office for bishop appointments positions him at the Church's administrative heart.

Born in Chicago but deeply connected to Latin America through his service in Peru, Prevost could bridge North and South American interests. While American cardinals historically face scepticism due to U.S. geopolitical clout, Prevost’s Latin ties could soften resistance.

Cardinal Matteo Zuppi, 69

Archbishop of Bologna (Italy)

Zuppi is widely admired for his diplomatic prowess, leading a 2023 Vatican peace mission to Ukraine and previously helping mediate Mozambique’s civil war.

His inclusive vision, especially regarding outreach to LGBTQ+ Catholics, resonates with the Franciscan model of the Church as a "field hospital." CNN notes that Zuppi’s mix of traditional diplomacy and progressive pastoral care makes him a formidable candidate.

Cardinal Gérald C. Lacroix, 67

Archbishop of Quebec (Canada)

A pragmatic leader with pastoral sensitivity, Lacroix’s strength lies in managing a highly secularised society like Quebec.

Although he faced a sexual abuse allegation from the 1980s—an accusation Vatican investigations found baseless—his candidacy could still face media scrutiny, as Vatican analysts caution.

Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle, 67

Leader of the Vatican Office for Evangelisation (Philippines)

Frequently dubbed the "Asian Francis," Cardinal Tagle is seen as a charismatic and humble figure.

His deep ties to the Global South—where the Catholic Church is growing fastest—make him a particularly strong candidate. CNN and Vatican insiders regard him as a symbol of the Church's future, though critics wonder if he has enough Roman experience to consolidate Vatican support.

Cardinal Pablo Virgilio S. David, 66

Bishop of Kalookan (Philippines)

Cardinal David, known as "Ambo," is a courageous advocate for justice, having boldly criticised Philippine President Duterte’s drug war.

He leads with moral clarity aligned with Pope Francis’ vision of an inclusive Church. Analysts believe that his strong regional influence could make him Southeast Asia's first pope, should his peers rally behind him.

Cardinal Tarcisius I. Kikuchi, 66

Archbishop of Tokyo (Japan)

An anti-nuclear activist with missionary experience across Africa, Kikuchi champions a globalised, peace-focused Church.

As Vatican reports indicate, his leadership could appeal to a Catholic community increasingly diverse in culture and language.

Cardinal Jean-Claude Hollerich, 66

Archbishop of Luxembourg

A fellow Jesuit, Cardinal Hollerich, has played a key role in Vatican synods on Church reform.

Fluent in multiple languages and praised for his reformist stance, he is seen as a global figure—one who could navigate Europe ’s increasingly secular environment while steering the Church through contentious debates on modernisation.

Cardinal Fridolin A. Besungu, 65

Archbishop of Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo)

Leading a Church of over seven million Catholics, Cardinal Ambongo is one of Africa’s most prominent religious figures.

He is a fierce defender of democracy and human rights, but remains doctrinally conservative, especially on issues like the blessing of same-sex couples. CNN experts argue that his strong African base could significantly influence the outcome if a progressive-conservative compromise is sought.

Among those voicing this hope was Jeremie Kamundele, a local resident, who emphasised the need for a pope capable of "embodying certain authentic values of the Roman Catholic Church."

Kamundele told the AFP, "We hope that the next pope, God willing, will be an African pope, to preserve and embody certain authentic values of the Roman Catholic Church." He also reflected warmly on Pope Francis, calling him "a pope of the poor" and praising his efforts to promote peace , particularly his calls during a visit two years ago for greater African autonomy.

Marie Salima, another faithful attending the funeral broadcast, shared that, "first of all, I'd like to offer my condolences to the whole Church and especially to our archdiocese of Kinshasa," she said.

Adding, "But with regard to the selection of the new pope, I'd like it to be an African pope this time, why not, because we'd also like to be represented at the Holy See." For Salima and many others, the dream of an African pope represents a broader desire for acknowledgement and leadership on the global religious stage.

However, some voices urged a more universal perspective. Noella Ntungi, another Kinshasa resident, stressed that the selection of a pope should transcend racial considerations. "I think that first of all, it's not a question of race," she said. "It will please us as Africans, but above all, it should be about who is best suited to lead the Church."

Pope Francis died on Easter Monday at age 88.

Tens of thousands of people lined the streets as the popemobile carried the late pope’s coffin through Rome. Many clapped, prayed, and waved flags to say goodbye to the Argentine pope, who died at the age of 88.

The late pope had requested to be buried in a modest grave, with only the Latin word “Franciscus” inscribed on his tombstone.

The marble for the tomb came from Liguria, the Italian region where his family roots can be traced. His burial site is close to the altar of Saint Francis, in a quiet side part of the fifth-century church.

Earlier in the day, a large funeral service was held at St. Peter’s Basilica, attended by world leaders and thousands of mourners.

Among them were US President Donald Trump , Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky, Britain’s Prince William, and Argentina’s President Javier Milei.

It was one of the biggest gatherings of world leaders in recent years.

After the service, the pope’s coffin was taken across the River Tiber to Santa Maria Maggiore.

Many young people from different countries also came to Rome to say goodbye to Pope Francis, remembering him as a leader who spoke for peace and stood with people suffering from war and hardship around the world.

Here are some of the major photos from the event that happened earlier today:

Among those in attendance were U.S. President Donald Trump , Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky, members of European royal families, and red-robed cardinals from across the globe.

The atmosphere was a poignant mix of solemnity and gratitude, with many speaking warmly of Pope Francis’s legacy of humility, compassion, and social justice .

“This is history, and I’m very proud to be here," said Nerina Lyons, an 80-year-old tourist from Houston, Texas. She added, "It’s cold, but I feel warmth anyway because of his love for us. He's watching over us, God is for sure, but also Papa Francesco."

For many pilgrims, the journey to honour the late pontiff was long and marked by deep devotion. Giorgina, a 74-year-old visitor from Peru, recounted spending the night outside the square. “We’ve been here all night. All night outside. They won’t let us through and we want to get in,” she told the AFP.

Others shared stories of unexpected connections forged during their pilgrimage. Eglina, a 29-year-old from Lithuania, said she met fellow mourners on her flight from London. "We’ve been waiting about three hours. It’s been an incredible experience, even just standing here together," she said.

For many, the day was not only about saying goodbye but also about expressing profound gratitude. Marzena, a 47-year-old from Forlì, Italy, spoke through tears. "I thank him for everything he did for the world, for us. He helped me understand so many things. I don't even know how to say it, I'm very emotional," she said. "I want to offer my prayer, from me and from the whole world, especially from the poor, because he was a Pope for the poor. I’m not rich myself," she added.

Pope Francis died on Easter Monday, April 21, 2025, at the age of 88 at his residence in the Vatican's Casa Santa Marta.

Among those arriving is U.S. President Donald Trump, accompanied by First Lady Melania Trump. Interestingly, Trump's arrival will coincide with the sealing of Pope Francis' coffin. Other heads of state confirmed to attend include French President Emmanuel Macron, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, and Hungarian President Viktor Orbán. Notably, both Vladimir Putin from Russia and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu will miss the event, as they are subject to outstanding warrants from the International Criminal Court.

As the public prepares to pay their respects, over 90,000 visitors poured into the basilica on Thursday, prompting the Vatican to extend its opening hours late into the night. In a special tribute, a group of poor and homeless individuals will gather around Pope Francis' coffin prior to the funeral.

The late pontiff is to be laid to rest at the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major, chosen for its proximity to an icon of the Virgin Mary that had always been a source of prayer for him. Following the funeral, the cardinals of the church will not convene to select the next pontiff until at least May 5. Arrivals of cardinals have been ongoing, with an initial meeting of 113 members taking place on Thursday to deliberate church-related matters. They are scheduled for another gathering on Friday, though it appears to be more of an organizational meeting.

Italian Cardinal Fernando Filoni commented on the preparations, stating, “We are getting ready, but we still have not entered into the more intense phase. We are in the organizational phase”. The tension and anticipation for both the funeral and the eventual conclave hangs palpably in the air as Rome accommodates those wishing to honor Pope Francis’ legacy.

Here’s a look at the defining moments and legacies that the world is celebrating as it bids farewell to a pope who touched lives far beyond the walls of the Church.

A pope of radical compassion

Pope Francis broke centuries of tradition with a papacy grounded in radical inclusivity. He famously washed the feet of Muslim refugees, women inmates, the elderly, and the disabled, acts of humility that reflected his unshakeable commitment to the marginalised.

In his final public address, Francis called for a ceasefire in Gaza, reiterating his stance on advocating for the oppressed even in his final days. Hospitalised and frail, he continued to reach out daily to priests and parishioners at the Holy Family Catholic Church in Gaza City.

LGBTQIA+ ally in the Vatican

Perhaps more than any of his predecessors, Pope Francis was a vocal ally of the LGBTQIA+ community, famously declaring “Who am I to judge?” early in his papacy and later allowing priests to bless same-sex couples, a turning point for LGBTQ+ Catholics worldwide.

“Rest in peace. He was a much kinder and accepting pope than his predecessors,” wrote one user on X. “I hope the next pope is just as kind for the sake of the world.”

Climate Justice

Francis didn't stop at spiritual matters; he took on  climate change as a moral and existential issue, calling environmental destruction a "structural sin." In 2015 and again in 2024, he wrote landmark encyclicals grounded in science and faith, urging global action. He even met with Greta Thunberg and challenged oil executives to address global warming.

Champion of the poor, the working class and charity

Francis was never shy about his roots, he proudly carried the identity of “the Pope of the Poor.” He embraced the symbol of Christ the Worker when he cheerfully received a replica of the hammer-and-sickle crucifix, crafted by slain Bolivian activist Fr. Luis Espinal. And when criticised for supporting economic justice, he famously responded during a visit to Indonesia, saying, “caring for the poor doesn’t mean being communist.”

From his first moments as pope, Francis broke convention: forgoing papal palaces, riding in a modest Ford Focus, delivering impromptu homilies, and kissing babies in the crowd. He brought a sense of accessibility and warmth to a role that had long seemed distant.

And who could forget when he blessed and auctioned off a custom Lamborghini gifted to him, raising $950,000 for charity.

Opened to the public on Wednesday, St. Peter's Basilica allows visitors to pay their final respects. The pontiff's coffin will remain on display until his funeral. Due to the high number of attendees, the Vatican may extend visiting hours beyond midnight in Rome to accommodate the influx of pilgrims.

More than 20,000 people have already gathered at the Vatican to honor Pope Francis. The coffin is positioned before the Papal Altar for public viewing over three days. President Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines has also announced four days of national mourning, reflecting the profound impact of the pope's passing on the Filipino community and highlighting his contribution to peace and compassion during his visit to the country.

Pope Francis's body was moved to St. Peter's Basilica in a solemn procession led by cardinals, where it lies in state for public mourning. The emotional impact of his death was noted by Cardinal Mario Zenari, who remarked on the late pope's joyous character as thousands queued to pay their respects. In Jerusalem, a Mass was conducted at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in remembrance of the pope, demonstrating his global influence.

Crowds in the Vatican remained visible, streaming inside the Basilica as they prepared to say their goodbyes. The funeral on Saturday is anticipated to draw over 200,000 attendees, united in their grief and respect for the late pontiff.

A visual by World Visualized highlights the oldest popes in office, showcasing how age and experience have shaped the Catholic Church’s leadership across centuries.

The top 3 longest-living popes while in office

Pope Leo XIII (1878–1903)

Age at end of reign: 93 years, 140 days

Known for his scholarly works and social teachings, Leo XIII remains the oldest pope in history. His long life allowed him to leave a lasting imprint on Catholic doctrine, especially through his encyclicals on workers' rights and modern society .

Pope Francis (2013–2025)

Age at end of reign: 88 years, 123 days

The first Jesuit pope and the first from Latin America , Francis was a global figure for dialogue, humility, and care for the marginalised. His papacy emphasised environmental stewardship and compassion-driven reform.

Pope Clement XII (1730–1740)

Age at end of reign: 87 years, 305 days

Despite severe health issues, Clement XII led with remarkable energy, commissioning architectural masterpieces like the Trevi Fountain and reinforcing Catholic orthodoxy.

In many ways, the papacy is a reflection of lifelong devotion. Unlike political leaders with term limits, popes serve for life unless they choose to resign—something rarely done in history. Pope Benedict XVI, who stepped down in 2013 due to health reasons, was among the few to retire voluntarily, breaking a centuries-old precedent.

However, ageing also raises questions about mental and physical capacity in such a demanding role, prompting discussions around retirement norms and succession planning.

From John Paul II’s charismatic outreach to Pius IX’s doctrinal firm stance, the lives of these popes reveal how leadership shaped by age can guide the Church through major social, political, and spiritual transformations.

This structure is called a hierarchy.

The hierarchy starts from the lowest levels where ordinary members serve in small roles, and goes all the way up to the pope, who is seen as the spiritual head of the entire Roman Catholic institution.

With the death of Pope Francis in April 2025, attention has now turned to what happens next.

The Church will soon begin the steps to choose a new pope, and this article seeks to establish the hierarchy that exists in the Catholic Church and what the role of each leader in the system is.

Altar or Mass Servers

These can be described as young members of the Church who help the priest during Mass. They are volunteers and are not appointed officially. They assist with simple tasks like carrying the cross or holding the book during services.

Deacons

Deacons are the first level of ordained ministers. They help priests and bishops during church services, baptisms, and weddings. They cannot lead Mass or hear confessions, but they preach and do a lot of community work.

There are two types of deacons: permanent (who can marry) and transitional (who are training to become priests). A man becomes a deacon through a special ceremony called ordination. These deacons are usually chosen and trained by a bishop.

Priests or leaders of local churches

Priests are the most familiar faces to Catholics. They lead Mass, hear confessions, and care for people in local parishes. A man must go to a seminary (a special school) and spend years training before he can become a priest. They are ordained by bishops after the training process. Some priests belong to religious orders, like Jesuits or Franciscans, while others work directly under their local bishop.

Bishops

Bishops are in charge of a group of churches in a particular area called a diocese. They supervise the priests in that area and make sure the teachings of the Church are followed. Bishops can also perform confirmations and ordain new priests and deacons. The pope chooses priests within a parish to become bishops. The Vatican has a process where candidates are studied carefully before the final choice is made.

Archbishops

An archbishop is a bishop in charge of an archdiocese, which is usually a more important or larger diocese. They have the same duties as bishops but may also oversee other bishops in nearby dioceses. Archbishops are also chosen by the pope. Some go on to become cardinals.

Cardinals/advisors to the Pope

Cardinals are senior church leaders who give advice to the pope and run key departments in the Vatican. Most cardinals are bishops or archbishops before they are chosen by the pope to become cardinals. One of their most important jobs is to choose the next pope.

When a pope dies or resigns, all cardinals under the age of 80 gather in Rome for a secret vote called a conclave. The pope is chosen from the College of Cardinals.

The Pope/leader of the Catholic Church

The pope is the bishop of Rome and the head of the global Catholic Church. Catholics believe he is the successor of Saint Peter, one of Jesus’ apostles. The pope speaks for the Church and has the final say on matters of faith. Only cardinals under 80 years old can vote for a new pope and qualify to be a pope.

During the conclave, they vote in the Sistine Chapel until one person receives two-thirds of the votes. That person must accept the role before it is announced to the world. The results of the voting , which is done in secret, are announced with smoke that emanates from the burning of the ballot papers. Black smoke indicates a failed voting process, whilst white smoke indicates the selection of a new pope.

Pope Francis, who passed away recently, was known for his love for the poor and his focus on simple living . He became pope in 2013 and led the Church for 12 years.

What happens next?

Now that the pope has died, cardinals are meeting in Rome to choose a new one. This process usually begins with a series of meetings to discuss the future of the Church. The conclave may last a few days or even weeks, depending on how quickly they agree.

In the meantime, a temporary leader called the “Camerlengo” takes care of day-to-day matters in the Vatican. Planning for the pope’s funeral is also underway.

As the procession made its way across the square, bells tolled as thousands of worshippers gathered to pay tribute.

More than 200,000 mourners are expected to come to St. Peter’s Square on Saturday to pay their last respects to the pontiff.

Italy leads in cardinal figures

As expected, Italy holds the largest number with 17 cardinal electors. This is not only a reflection of the Vatican’s geographical home but also its deeply entrenched ecclesiastical influence within the Roman Curia.

Coming next are the United States (10 cardinals) and Brazil (7 cardinals), underlining the enduring strength of Catholicism in the Americas. Other significant contributors include Spain (5), India (4), and Germany (4), showcasing how the balance of influence extends beyond European borders.

A conclave of diversity

From Canada and Mexico in the north to Nigeria, the Philippines, and South Korea in the south and east, the conclave brings together representatives from all continents except Antarctica.

Notably, even countries with only one cardinal elector—such as Ghana, Japan, and Papua New Guinea—are integral to this historic process, reinforcing Pope Francis' vision of a truly universal Church.

This demographic shift reflects a growing recognition of the Catholic Church’s growth in the Global South, especially in Africa and Asia , where the faith is experiencing some of its most dynamic expansion.

What lies ahead

The cardinals will meet under strict conclave protocols , including seclusion and silence from the outside world. Their charge: to elect a new spiritual leader who will guide over 1.3 billion Catholics worldwide through an era marked by secular challenges, technological transformation, and shifting global power dynamics.

Speculation is already brewing about frontrunners—some believe the next pope could be from Latin America again, or perhaps Africa or Asia, marking another pivotal moment in papal history.

As smoke once again rises from the chimney above the Sistine Chapel—black for inconclusive, white for a new pope—the faithful will watch and pray. The conclave of 2025 is more than a vote; it is a solemn ritual of unity, continuity, and the search for spiritual guidance in a complex and rapidly changing world

Cardinal Kevin Farrell, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, announced the death of Pope Francis from his residence:

"Dearest brothers and sisters, with deep sorrow, I must announce the death of our Holy Father Francis. At 7:35 this morning, the Bishop of Rome, Francis, returned to the house of the Father. His entire life was dedicated to the service of the Lord and of His Church. He taught us to live the values of the Gospel with fidelity, courage, and universal love, especially in favour of the poorest and most marginalised. With immense gratitude for his example as a true disciple of the Lord Jesus, we commend the soul of Pope Francis to the infinite merciful love of the One and Triune God," the Vatican News Service wrote.

His death has brought sadness across the world, with millions remembering him as a humble and kind leader who stood for the poor, peace, and the environment.

Flags are flying at half-mast at the Vatican. Bells rang at St. Peter’s Basilica to mark the passing of a man many people loved, even outside the Catholic Church.

  What caused his death?

The Vatican said Pope Francis died after suffering a major stroke. The stroke caused him to lose consciousness, which led to heart failure.

“The cause of Pope Francis' death has been identified as a stroke, followed by a coma and irreversible cardiocirculatory collapse,” the Vatican said .

The report was released on Monday evening by the Holy See Press Office after the official certification was issued by Dr. Andrea Arcangeli, Director of the Directorate of Health and Hygiene of the Vatican City.

“According to the medical report, the Pope had a prior history of acute respiratory failure caused by multimicrobial bilateral pneumonia, multiple bronchiectases, high blood pressure, and Type II diabetes,” the Vatican added .

Pope Francis had been struggling with health problems for some time. Over the past few years, he had surgery on his lungs, one that cost him a portion of the organ that had been affected by a severe respiratory infection.  

On February 14, 2025, he was admitted to the Agostino Gemelli Polyclinic Hospital after suffering from a “bout of bronchitis” for several days, the Vatican said. After a series of tests, he was diagnosed with bilateral pneumonia on February 18.

Even though he was not in perfect health, Pope Francis continued his work almost until the very end.

He kept meeting leaders, attending public events, and speaking to the world about kindness, peace, and protecting the Earth. Many people admired his strength and commitment even while he was sick.

A Pope who cared about the poor and the planet

Pope Francis was known for changing the way many people saw the Catholic Church. He wanted the Church to be closer to ordinary people and not just focus on rules and traditions.

He spoke a lot about helping the poor, protecting nature, and welcoming migrants. He often said the Church must be a home for everyone, including those who felt forgotten or left out.

He also warned world leaders about the dangers of climate change and called for more fairness in the economy.

Francis was the first Pope from Latin America and the first Jesuit to lead the Church. He lived simply, choosing a small home instead of the grand papal palace. He used a simple car and often wore plain clothes. His message was always about humility, mercy, and love.

During his time as Pope, he visited places others had not, like South Sudan and Iraq, meeting people who were suffering from war and poverty. Many young people and people outside the Church respected him for his honest, caring style.

From Buenos Aires to the Vatican

Pope Francis was born Jorge Mario Bergoglio on December 17, 1936, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His parents were immigrants from Italy. As a young man, he loved soccer and dancing.

He also studied chemistry and even worked briefly as a nightclub bouncer.

In his early twenties, he decided to become a priest.

He joined the Jesuit order, which is known for helping the poor and focusing on education. He quickly became a leader in the Jesuits because of his simple way of living and strong faith.

He later became the Archbishop of Buenos Aires. In 2013, after Pope Benedict XVI resigned, Bergoglio was elected Pope. He chose the name Francis, after Saint Francis of Assisi, who was famous for his love of the poor and of nature.

What happens now?

With the death of Pope Francis, the Vatican is now preparing for his funeral. Church leaders have already started meeting to plan the funeral ceremonies, which will take place at St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City.

The Catholic Church will also begin the process of choosing a new Pope. This process is called a conclave. During the conclave, all the cardinals of the Church will meet in the Sistine Chapel. They will pray and vote in secret until they agree on a new leader.

Until a new Pope is elected, the Church will be led by the Camerlengo, a Vatican official who looks after the Church’s daily affairs during this period.

Tributes continue to pour in from all corners of the globe, honouring Pope Francis, who dedicated his life to promoting peace, justice , and human dignity.

"I believe that all of us who knew him—and even those who knew him only from afar, through the news—remember this great man who worked tirelessly not only for the Church, but for the world, for peace in the world, for peace among nations, and dialogue between people s. His concern for the environment, and at the same time, his concern for debt and people in need of greater dignity," Orani Joao Tempesta, Cardinal of Rio de Janeiro, told AFP.

Upon convening in the Sistine Chapel, typically within 15 to 20 days after the pope’s death, the cardinals follow a strict protocol. After announcing "extra omnes" to exclude all but the voting cardinals and select officials, the doors to the chapel are securely locked, and the cardinals take an oath of secrecy, cutting off all communication with the outside world . Their phones are confiscated, and the chapel is meticulously checked for any listening devices to safeguard confidentiality throughout the conclave.

The conclave takes place at St. Martha’s House, a designated facility near the chapel where the cardinals, including Pope Francis, have resided during prior conclaves. The proceedings commence with a mass, followed by deliberations and voting that ensues daily, both morning and afternoon, until a candidate secures a two-thirds majority. A day is reserved for prayer after every seven ballots, and should the process fail after 30 ballots, a simple majority will suffice for election.

Any baptized male may potentially be elected as pope, but a serving cardinal is typically the choice. Each elector receives a ballot card inscribed with the phrase eligo in summum pontificem, indicating their selection. The secrecy of the ballot does not preclude the possibility of intrigue or lobbying among the cardinals. After each voting round, the ballots are burned, with chemical agents added to produce white smoke for a successful election or black smoke for inconclusive results.

Once a candidate is determined, he is asked to accept the election and decide upon a papal name. Following this, the cardinals vow their allegiance to the newly elected pope, who is then escorted to the adjacent Room of Tears for dressing in the traditional white cassock, skull cap, and red slippers. The Vatican has prepared three sets of vestments to accommodate different sizes.

Finally, the dean of the cardinals announces the election of the new pope from the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica, addressing the congregation gathered below with the words: “I announce to you with great joy: We have a pope”. This announcement marks a significant moment for Catholics worldwide, signifying the continuation of their faith under new leadership.

Pope Francis was renowned for his vocal stance on humanitarian crises globally, including the one in Gaza. His death signifies a loss of a significant voice advocating for peace and human dignity, which resonated with many Palestinians, although they are predominantly Muslim.

In a statement, Hamas remarked on the Pope’s consistent opposition to war fare and aggression, noting his condemnation of what they termed as war crimes against the Palestinian populace. Leaders from both Israel and Palestine expressed their sorrow over his passing and acknowledged his efforts towards fostering dialogue and understanding.

Tributes to Pope Francis emerged from both Christian and Muslim communities on social media , reflecting on his empathetic approach towards civilians affected by violence. His final Easter message highlighted concerns over rising anti-Semitism, while also emphasizing the dire situation in Gaza where conflict continues to wreak havoc.

Following Hamas's attacks, Pope Francis had advocated for the freedom of hostages and promoted dialogue as crucial for peace. In a notable escalation of criticism, he called for an investigation into allegations of genocide regarding Israel’s actions in Gaza, urging careful examination of the situation from a legal standpoint.

Pope Francis’s relationship with Palestinian communities spans back to before the current hostilities. His poignant act of praying at a wall in Bethlehem during a 2014 visit symbolized his support. Despite health challenges, he maintained communication with Christian leaders in Gaza, decrying violence against civilians.

Israeli President Isaac Herzog commended the Pope for fostering Jewish-Christian relations and interfaith dialogue, hoping his prayers for peace would come to fruition. Meanwhile, Bassem Naim from Hamas expressed that the loss of Pope Francis would leave a significant void, attributing it to his principled stance against injustices faced by Palestinians.

As the tumultuous situation in Gaza persists with no signs of peace or hostages' release, many Palestinians feel they have lost a powerful advocate. The ongoing conflict remains complex, underscoring the need for diplomatic engagements amidst widespread suffering.

He passed away after surviving pneumonia and delivering a final Easter blessing to thousands in St. Peter’s Square.

The mass, held in the Philippine capital, is part of a long-standing tradition observed by many Filipino Catholics. The annual gathering marks one of the most important events in the Christian calendar.

“To be healthy is important because that is the custom of Filipinos, as with Catholics. I also ask him to give me a strong body and a good life,” one attendee told AFP.

Another worshipper said, “What matters to us is that this work is our obligation as Catholics.”

Easter Sunday is widely observed across the predominantly Catholic nation, with more than 86% of its population being Roman Catholic.

María Carmen Rendiles was born in Caracas on August 11, 1903, and died there on May 9, 1977.

From a young age, she helped her mother care for their family after her father passed away and worked at a local parish before joining a French religious order in Venezuela in 1927.

At the age of 24, she became a novice. In 1961, with support from the Catholic Church, she founded a new congregation, the Handmaids of Jesus.

Despite losing an arm, María Carmen Rendiles lived a life of deep faith and service. According to the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Venezuela, her physical condition never stopped her from living an inspiring Christian life.

The miracle that paved the way for her sainthood involved the healing of a young woman diagnosed with hydrocephalus, a serious brain condition.

The woman’s health was getting worse until a Mass was held by María Carmen Rendiles’ grave. After touching Rendiles’ portrait, the young woman’s condition improved.

The Vatican declared the recovery "complete, stable, and scientifically unexplainable."

Speaking about her impact , a member of the Handmaids of Jesus said, “Her strength came from her faith, not from her physical abilities.”

In 2018, María Carmen Rendiles was beatified after years of efforts by Venezuelan Catholic leaders, who first requested her canonisation in 1995. The date for her canonisation has not yet been announced.

Earlier this year, Pope Francis also approved the canonisation of José Gregorio Hernández, known as "the poor’s doctor," who was beatified in 2021. He will be Venezuela’s first male saint.

In a 2025 Lenten Pastoral Message, CABICOL, led by Most Rev. Anthony Fallah Borwah, President of the conference, joined forces with the Liberia Council of Churches (LCC) and the National Muslim Council to call for the bill’s outright rejection.

“We emphatically reject this bill and its subsequent provisions, such as the legalization of same-sex marriage and euthanasia,” the bishops stated. “The Church’s perennial teaching, as inscribed in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, is that ‘human life must be respected and protected absolutely from the moment of conception till its normal end.’ The commandment of God is clear: ‘Thou shall not kill’ (Exodus 20:13),” he is quoted by the Liberian Observer .

The religious leaders stressed that legalising abortion and euthanasia contradicts Liberia’s cultural and faith-based values, urging lawmakers to uphold the sanctity of life. They called on all religious and civic groups to oppose the legislation and advocate for policies that align with traditional family and moral principles.

The church is in Mindat, a town in Chin State that had recently been declared the cathedral for a new Catholic diocese.

Reports say bombs hit the building, destroying the roof and breaking stained glass windows. Church leaders had already left the area due to ongoing fighting, which is why there were no injuries.

Myanmar has been at war since the military took power in a coup in 2021. The army removed the elected government and has since fought against various ethnic and rebel groups.

Chin State has seen heavy clashes between Myanmar’s military and local fighters who oppose the ruling generals.

The church attack is part of a larger conflict that has affected religious communities across the country. Rights groups say the military has targeted churches, mosques, and other religious sites.

Myanmar has also faced international criticism over its treatment of the Rohingya, a Muslim minority forced to flee to neighbouring Bangladesh.

Despite the destruction, local Catholics are determined to rebuild the church. A priest from the area said the attack had wounded their hearts but would not stop their faith.

The new diocese now faces a challenge in organising its first major religious ceremonies, including the consecration of its first bishop.

The affected area had been closed off to the public for over a month due to concerns about the building's condition.

Father Mendoza explained that the church’s pastor, Father Fernando Manzo, had already requested help from authorities, including the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH). However, no repairs had been carried out before the incident.

The San Luis Obispo Church, built in stages from 1548 to 1776, is a cultural and religious landmark for the local Indigenous Mayan community. Known for its baroque architecture, it features a wooden altarpiece, a carved pulpit, and a historic baptistery.

INAH had earlier identified a structural fault in the roof, dating back to 1776. This fault caused cracks and leaks, which worsened over time despite the efforts of parish priests. A budget for repairs had been approved just two days before the collapse. "Unfortunately, the inclement weather accelerated the deterioration of the roof until it collapsed," Mendoza was quoted as saying .

The Civil Protection Secretariat of Campeche has allowed the use of the church's side chapels and cloister, which are considered safe, for religious services.

The collapse has left the local Catholic community heartbroken. "This church represents their identity as a Christian community. Without the church, they feel homeless," Father Mendoza added.

Roof collapses in old churches have occurred in other parts of Mexico recently. In October 2023, 11 people died, and 60 were injured when the roof of Holy Cross Church in Ciudad Madero caved in. Other incidents in 2024 include collapses in Nuevo Leon, Jalisco, and San Luis Potosí, with no fatalities.

In its weekly magazine Desde la Fe , the Church proposed a cessation of attacks beginning December 12, the day dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe. "May the message of the Virgin of Guadalupe motivate so that next December 12th is the date when the weapons are silenced," the publication urged, adding that this could mark "the beginning of a period in which respect and dialogue prevail."

Auxiliary Archbishop Francisco Acero reinforced this call on December 9, advocating for an "absolute" truce on both December 12 and December 25. "Such measures could open the possibility of putting a stop to crime," he stated.

The appeal comes amidst growing concerns about violence in Mexico, where over 30,000 murders occur annually—equivalent to a rate of 24 per 100,000 inhabitants. However, President Claudia Sheinbaum has ruled out engaging in dialogue with criminal groups, which the government blames for the majority of these crimes.

Devotees expressed their hopes for peace during the celebration. "More than anything, I hope for health and that there will be less war. More peace, because we see in the world that there are very difficult situations," Porfilio Limon, a pilgrim from Puebla state, east-central Mexico, told AFP.

Maria Reina Rojas, another participant, shared her gratitude. "We did not come to ask for many things. We just came to thank her for the job we have, that we are well, and that she continues to bless us with what she has given us so far," she said. "We continue to work hard and move forward so that we can return home safely."

"Since the signing of an interim agreement between China and the Vatican on the appointment of bishops in 2018, it has been extended twice in 2020 and 2022. Both China and the Vatican have given positive evaluations of the results of implementing this agreement. Through friendly consultations, the two sides have decided to extend the agreement for another four years. The two sides will maintain talks with a constructive spirit and continue to promote the improvement of China-Vatican relations," foreign ministry spokesman, Lin Jian told journalists on Tuesday, October, 22.

The original agreement, signed in 2018, was a historic step aimed at bridging the gap between the Vatican and China. It allowed for Chinese input in the selection of bishops while preserving the Pope's final decision.

According to a communiqué from the Holy See, the agreement's renewal is intended to further respectful and constructive dialogue, benefiting both the Catholic Church in China and the Chinese people.

“In light of the consensus reached for an effective application of the Provisional Agreement regarding the Appointment of Bishops, after appropriate consultation and assessment, the Holy See and the People’s Republic of China have agreed to extend further its validity for four years from the present date,” this was contained in the communiqué.

Since the agreement's inception, about ten bishops have been appointed and consecrated, and Beijing has officially recognized the public role of some previously unrecognised bishops.

However, the agreement has drawn criticism from conservative Catholics who believe it grants excessive influence to the Chinese state. Cardinal Joseph Zen of Hong Kong has been a particularly vocal opponent, expressing concerns about the potential impact on the Church's independence.

"We enrol them among the saints, decreeing that they are to be venerated as such by the whole Church," proclaimed Francis, as he recited the names of the newly canonised.

This canonisation marks the final step in the process of sainthood in the Catholic Church, which requires that individuals have performed at least two miracles, be deceased for a minimum of five years, and lead an exemplary Christian life.

Among the canonised were 11 individuals known as the "martyrs of Damascus," who were assassinated by Druze militants in July 1860 at a monastery in the Syrian capital, AFP reports. This group consists of eight Franciscan friars and three lay Maronites, who have been recognised as saints more than 160 years after their deaths. They were beatified by Pope Pius XI in 1926.

The remaining three canonized individuals, who lived in the early 20th century, were also recognized for founding religious communities. They include Italian missionary Giuseppe Allamano, Italian nun Elena Guerra, and Canadian Marie-Leonie Paradis.

Here he interacted both with the Catholic and Muslim communities in Jakarta, the capital.

After this, he visited other countries including Papua Guinea, Timore Leste and finalised his trip today.

The Pope was welcomed by crowds at the Changi Airport as he interacted with some clergymen and children.

Pope Francis’ visit is considered iconic considering his recent health complications.

The 87-year-old has had to undergo a hernia surgery and has suffered respiratory issues. He now relies on a wheelchair, walking sticks or aides to get around.

The Pope’s trip was however very successful as he carried out several public engagements, and energised congregations through impromptu call-and-response.

In East Timor, he held a mass for 600,000 faithful -- almost half the nation's population -- before flying on Wednesday to finance hub Singapore.

After travelling for two hours aboard an Australian C-130 military transport plane, Pope Francis landed in the remote town to a crowd that had been excitedly awaiting his presence.

“If you see the crowd, meaning that his words are touching, that's why you can see a lot of other denominations also here. So I believe his presence here will bring a lot of changes, especially to convert Christians,” said Bony Enda, a Vanimo resident, as reported by AFP.

David Jones, another local, shared his excitement: "It's a vast thing, right now we are thinking about it. So it's a vast thing, when the Pope comes into our country we feel like we are happy, all of us, we are happy right now. So it's a vast thing right now. It's a prominent thing we have never seen before, right now we see it."

Pope Francis visited Vanimo at the invitation of local Catholic missionaries, who have evangelised since the mid-19th century and been instrumental in establishing churches, schools, hospitals, and missionary centres in the remote area, according to the Vatican . The Pope acknowledged their efforts, saying these institutions help the faithful to “flourish in all their beauty for the sake of the common good.”

During an address on September 7 to politicians and diplomats in Papua New Guinea's capital, Port Moresby, Pope Francis urged the country’s leaders to ensure the sustainable use of the island’s natural resources for the benefit of the entire population.

The journey includes stops in Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Singapore. Despite the lengthy flight from Rome, Pope Francis appeared upbeat, expressing gratitude for the journey. “I think it is the longest one (flight) I have done,” he said.

His three-day visit to Indonesia is focused on promoting inter-religious dialogue. On Wednesday, he will meet with President Joko Widodo, who called the visit “historic” and emphasized the shared commitment to peace and brotherhood between Indonesia and the Vatican, AFP reported.

He will fly to Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia before heading to Papua Guinea and Singapore. Among other things, Pope Francis is looking forward to interacting with the Catholic communities and their governments. In Indonesia, the Pope is also expected to visit the largest mosque in Southeast Asia, the Istiqlal Mosque. He will also visit one of the oldest churches in Indonesia, the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption.

Ahead of his visit, photos and welcoming messages have been posted at strategic points and within these facilities.

The Pope’s trip is iconic considering his age, 87 and health conditions. The last trip he took before this was to Marseille France in September 2023.

There is anticipation among some Indonesian citizens.

“I agree with and feel happy about the visit by the Pope to the Istiqlal Mosque because it represents good relationships between religions in the world,” Dindin Gunari, a Muslim citizen told AFP.

Another private employee said, “Nevertheless, Catholics are one of the minorities in Indonesia. So with the visit by the Pope, I hope there will be better attention to religious minorities”.

One first-time visitor to Paris, Jake shared his excitement, saying, "We've been taking in a lot of the other sites, and we followed this a little bit and the fact that we knew it was going to be close to opening but not open yet and we're here so after seeing a lot of the other historic sites we definitely want to come back, this is like a bucket list site we would come back and definitely take in. First trip to Paris but not our last.”

Another tourist, Gaëlle who has followed the restoration closely, remarked, "I've watched TV programmes about the work being done. Seeing it now is impressive, and I plan to come back once the restoration is complete."

For some, the sight of Notre Dame is nostalgic. "I remember visiting as a teenager. Even with the damage, it's still awe-inspiring," one visitor noted.

On April 15, 2019, a devastating fire broke out beneath the eaves of Notre Dame Cathedral’s roof. The blaze quickly spread, engulfing the spire and much of the roof. The fire started around 6:30 PM local time and raged through the night, continuing until the following morning.