This concludes our live coverage of Peru’s 2026 general election. Stay with Global South World for the latest developments and final outcomes as the electoral process continues to unfold.

02:33 GMT: Peru extends voting into Monday after more than 63,000 people were unable to cast their ballots.

Electoral authorities announced that voting will continue until 13 April in order to allow those affected by earlier disruptions to participate. The decision follows reports of delays and logistical issues at polling stations that prevented tens of thousands of voters from casting their ballots during Sunday’s election.

23:10 GMT: Polls close in Peru’s first-round presidential election, with exit polls pointing to Keiko Fujimori in the lead.

According to a Datum exit poll, right-wing candidate Keiko Fujimori is the most voted, while Rafael López Aliaga appears to be narrowly edging into second place, with only a slim margin over Jorge Nieto, suggesting a tightly contested race for the run-off.

23:05 GMT: P olls close in Peru as attention turns to which candidates will advance to a likely run-off

Voting has officially ended across the country following an extended election day marked by delays and logistical challenges. With a highly fragmented field of 35 candidates and no clear frontrunner, expectations are growing that the presidential race will head to a second round, with results set to determine which two candidates move forward to the decisive run-off.

22:44 GMT: Fuerza Popular presidential candidate Keiko Fujimori calls on electoral authorities to extend voting hours or organise a complementary vote for affected polling stations.

Fujimori urged the National Jury of Elections (JNE) and the Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) to take additional measures to ensure participation at 211 polling stations reportedly impacted by earlier disruptions. Her remarks come amid broader concerns over delays and logistical issues during election day.

20:50 GMT: Presidential candidate Francisco Diez Canseco of Perú Acción casts his vote at Alfonso Ugarte school in Lima’s San Isidro district during the 2026 election

20:45 GMT: Allegations of potential electoral irregularities emerge in Peru, with claims that around 13% of polling stations in Lima, representing over one million votes, may have been affected.

While these assertions have not been officially confirmed, they have prompted calls in some quarters to review the voting process, with suggestions that parts of the election could be repeated if significant irregularities are verified.

18:50 GMT: Presidential candidate José Luna Gálvez of Podemos Perú casts his vote at the Parque de la Amistad Convention Centre in Lima’s Santiago de Surco district

18:40 GMT: Peru’s interim president dismisses fraud claims following delays in opening polling stations

18:25 GMT: Magnitude 4 earthquake felt in Lima and Callao during Peru’s election day, with no injuries or damage reported.

Authorities said the tremor, centred offshore in the Pacific, was mild and posed no tsunami risk.

18:20 GMT: Presidential candidate Mario Vizcarra of Perú Primero casts his vote at Federico Villareal school in Lima’s Miraflores district

17:55 GMT: Peru’s electoral authorities extend voting by one hour nationwide following delays at polling stations, particularly in Lima, officials say.

The head of the ONPE, Piero Corvetto, said the election authority approved the measure, extending voting until 6:00 PM local time (11:00 PM GMT).

17:50 GMT: Presidential candidate George Forsyth of Somos Perú casts his vote at Isabel La Católica school in Lima’s La Victoria district

17:42 GMT: Presidential candidate Herbert Caller of the Partido Patriótico del Perú casts his vote at the National Agrarian University in Lima’s La Molina district

17:32 GMT: Reports emerge of voting disruptions in Lima, with some voters unable to cast ballots, raising concerns over the electoral process

17:10 GMT: Presidential candidate Antonio Ortiz of Salvemos al Perú casts his vote at Santa María Purísima school in Lima’s San Martín de Porres district

16:27 GMT: Presidential candidate Carlos Jaico casts his vote at Alfonso Ugarte school in Lima’s San Isidro district

15:40 GMT: Several major polling stations in Peru report delays in opening and receiving voters, in some cases due to a lack of electoral materials

15:20 GMT: Presidential candidate Rafael López Aliaga casts his vote during Peru’s general election

15:05 GMT: Presidential candidate Jorge Nieto violates electoral law by casting his vote outside the secret ballot booth

15:00 GMT: Presidential candidate Álvaro Paz de la Barra casts his vote in Lima’s La Molina district during Peru’s 2026 general election

14:00 GMT: Fuerza Popular presidential candidate Keiko Fujimori waves as she arrives to cast her vote in Lima

13:00 GMT: Keiko Fujimori, joined by family members, visits the grave of her father, former president Alberto Fujimori, at a Lima cemetery

12:52 GMT: Keiko Fujimori heads to a cemetery ahead of her election day breakfast, saying it is her way of honouring her parents’ memory

12:49 GMT: Presidential candidate Rafael López Aliaga heads to Pamplona Alta for traditional election day breakfast

12:30 GMT: Peru activates large-scale security operation for Sunday’s general election

12:00 GMT: Polls open across Peru as voting begins in highly fragmented election featuring a record 35 candidates

The voting process is set to run for 10 hours on election day, with polls expected to open at 7:00 AM local time (12:00 PM GMT) and close at 5:00 PM local time (10:00 PM GMT).

What to know

On April 12, Peru will hold its general election, in which voters will choose a new president, two vice-presidents and all members of Congress. If no presidential candidate secures more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a run-off will be held between the top two candidates several weeks later. Voting is compulsory for citizens aged 18 to 70, although enforcement of penalties for abstention is often inconsistent.

The election takes place against a backdrop of prolonged political instability. Over the past decade, Peru has had eight presidents, reflecting a persistent cycle of institutional crisis, impeachment proceedings and governance challenges. This instability has eroded public trust in political institutions and contributed to widespread voter disillusionment.

Security concerns, economic uncertainty and frustration with political elites are central issues shaping voter sentiment. While Peru has traditionally maintained macroeconomic stability, inequality, informal employment and rising crime rates remain pressing concerns for many voters.

The political landscape is highly fragmented and crowded. A record number of 35 candidates are contesting the 2026 election, making the outcome difficult to predict and increasing the likelihood of a run-off. Polling suggests a large share of undecided voters, further adding to uncertainty.

Front-running candidates & proposals

Keiko Fujimori (Fuerza Popular): A prominent right-wing candidate and experienced political figure, Fujimori has consistently ranked among the frontrunners. She campaigns on strengthening security, encouraging investment and restoring political stability, while maintaining a strong and loyal support base despite past electoral defeats and legal controversies.

Rafael López Aliaga (Renovación Popular): Another leading right-wing figure, López Aliaga appeals to conservative voters with proposals focused on economic liberalisation, infrastructure development and a tougher stance on crime.

Other candidates: The race includes a wide range of contenders from across the political spectrum, but none has consolidated sufficient support to clearly dominate the field. This fragmentation reflects broader dissatisfaction with traditional political parties.

Political climate & stakes

Peru’s election comes at a critical moment for its democracy. The country’s recent history of rapid presidential turnover underscores deep institutional weaknesses and ongoing tensions between the executive and legislative branches. Governance challenges have often led to confrontations, impeachments and abrupt leadership changes.

The campaign has also highlighted polarisation within Peruvian society. Candidates have sought to mobilise voters through strong rhetoric, with some framing the election as a turning point for stability and order. High-profile rallies, including those led by Fujimori, have emphasised resilience and defiance amid a competitive and uncertain race.

With no clear frontrunner and a fragmented political field, analysts expect the next president to face significant challenges in building consensus in Congress. This could limit the government ’s ability to pass reforms and address key issues such as security, economic recovery and institutional reform.

Ultimately, the election is seen as a test of Peru’s ability to break its cycle of political instability and restore confidence in its democratic system.

The transition from Humala to Kuczynski in 2016 initially followed a standard electoral process, yet it also marked the beginning of a more fragmented political era. Kuczynski governed with a hostile Congress, which repeatedly sought his removal. Mounting pressure linked to corruption allegations ultimately led to his resignation in March 2018, setting a precedent for executive vulnerability under congressional scrutiny.

His successor, Vizcarra, inherited both the presidency and the institutional conflict. His decision to dissolve Congress in 2019, though constitutional, intensified political polarisation. In November 2020, Congress removed him on grounds of “moral incapacity”, a constitutional provision that has since become central to Peru’s instability. This mechanism, broadly defined and politically contested, has enabled repeated presidential removals without the need for criminal conviction.

The short-lived presidency of Merino, lasting only five days, highlighted the limits of congressional legitimacy when faced with public opposition. Mass protests forced his resignation, leading Congress to appoint Sagasti as a transitional president. Sagasti’s administration restored a degree of stability, overseeing elections and completing a full interim mandate, which remains an exception in an otherwise turbulent decade.

The election of Castillo in 2021 once again raised expectations of political renewal. However, his presidency was characterised by persistent confrontation with Congress, frequent cabinet changes, and ongoing investigations. The crisis culminated in December 2022, when Castillo attempted to dissolve Congress and was immediately removed from office. His vice-president, Boluarte, assumed power, but her tenure was also marked by protests, governance challenges, and eventual removal by Congress in 2025.

The appointment of Jerí as interim president in 2025 continued the pattern of short-lived administrations. His removal in early 2026, following allegations of misconduct, reinforced the perception of systemic instability rather than isolated crises. Across these transitions, a consistent pattern emerges: presidents rarely complete their mandates, and leadership changes are driven more by institutional confrontation than by electoral cycles.

Several structural factors explain this phenomenon. Peru’s fragmented party system weakens executive support in Congress, while the constitutional provision of “moral incapacity” provides a flexible tool for removal. Additionally, corruption investigations have affected multiple administrations, further eroding public trust. These conditions create a political environment in which governance is often secondary to survival.

As Peru approaches new general elections , the primary expectation is not necessarily political transformation but institutional stabilisation. The key challenge for future leadership will be to establish a functional relationship between the executive and legislative branches. Without reforms that clarify constitutional ambiguities and strengthen party systems, the cycle observed over the past decade is likely to persist, regardless of electoral outcomes.

A new voting simulation reported by El Comercio shows Peru’s 2026 presidential race remains highly volatile just days before the April 12 election. The poll suggests no clear frontrunner, with several candidates clustered closely and a significant share of undecided voters. Analysts say the “electoral board keeps shifting” as alliances and late campaign dynamics influence voter preferences. The fragmented landscape reflects broader political instability following years of institutional crisis. Experts warn that the lack of a dominant candidate could lead to a highly contested second round. The findings underline the unpredictability of one of Peru’s most uncertain elections in recent history .

One dead and dozens injured in Lima stadium incident

At least one person has died, and dozens were injured following a crowd incident outside Lima’s Alejandro Villanueva Stadium ahead of a match involving Alianza Lima. Authorities ruled out any structural collapse, indicating the incident was caused by disorder among fans gathered for a pre-match event. Emergency services treated numerous injured people, several of them in critical condition, as investigations continue into the circumstances. Officials and club representatives pledged full cooperation to determine responsibility. Despite the incident, the domestic league confirmed the fixture would go ahead as planned. The tragedy has renewed concerns over crowd control and safety at major sporting events in Peru.

Peruvian engineer joins historic Artemis II moon mission

Peruvian engineer Jackelynne Silva Martinez has been highlighted for her role in NASA’s Artemis II, the mission set to orbit the Moon. Her participation marks a significant milestone for Peru’s presence in global space exploration. According to reports by La Republica, Silva Martínez is contributing to key engineering aspects of the programme. The mission is part of broader efforts to return humans to the Moon and pave the way for future Mars exploration. Her achievement has been widely celebrated as an inspiration for young scientists in Peru. Officials and academics emphasised the importance of investing in science and technology to build on such successes.

Mining exports surge driven by gold and copper

Peru’s mining exports recorded a sharp increase of 47.6% in December 2025, according to figures from the Ministry of Energy and Mines of Peru cited by La Republica. The growth was largely driven by strong international demand for gold and copper, the country’s main export commodities . The figures highlight the continued importance of the mining sector to Peru’s economy, accounting for a significant share of export revenues. Authorities noted that global market conditions and production levels both contributed to the surge. Economists say the trend could support economic recovery if sustained. However, they also stress the need for diversification to reduce dependence on raw materials.

Peruvian scientists highlight climate impact in Antarctica

A group of Peruvian researchers participating in Antarctic missions have warned about the growing impact of climate change on the continent’s megafauna. According to La Republica, the scientists—described as ambassadors of Peru and science—are studying how rising temperatures affect marine ecosystems and species survival. Their findings point to shifts in animal behaviour and habitat conditions linked to global warming. The research forms part of Peru’s ongoing scientific presence in Antarctica. Experts stress that such studies are crucial for understanding global climate patterns. The initiative also highlights Peru’s contribution to international environmental research efforts.

The upcoming election stands out for the unusually high number of candidates. More than thirty contenders have registered to run, making it one of the most crowded presidential races in the country’s history . This reflects a highly fragmented political landscape, where parties are divided, and new political movements continue to emerge without clear dominance.

For many voters, the wide range of options has not necessarily translated into enthusiasm. Instead, it has contributed to confusion and scepticism, with a large portion of the electorate still undecided. Analysts suggest that this reflects a broader sense of disillusionment, as citizens struggle to identify candidates who can effectively address the country’s ongoing challenges.

The campaign itself has been marked by a limited focus on detailed policy proposals. While candidates have put forward a variety of ideas, critics argue that there has been little in-depth debate on key issues such as public security , corruption, and economic inequality. As a result, the election has often been characterised more by personalities than by clear political programmes.

Despite the political turmoil, Peru’s economy has remained relatively stable compared to other countries in the region. However, experts warn that continued instability could eventually affect investor confidence and economic performance, especially if the next government struggles to maintain consistent policies.

With no clear frontrunner likely to secure an outright majority, a second-round runoff appears almost certain. This means that alliances and voter mobilisation will play a crucial role in determining the final outcome. As election day approaches, Peru faces a critical moment that could either stabilise its political system or prolong a cycle of uncertainty.

Celebrating with supporters in San José, Fernández framed her victory as a decisive break with the political order established after the 1948 civil war. A close ally of outgoing President Rodrigo Chaves, she campaigned on a platform focused on public security and economic pressures, as Costa Rica faces rising homicides linked to organised crime alongside high living costs, unemployment and inflation.

The country is currently governed by President Rodrigo Chaves, who took office in 2022 and is constitutionally barred from seeking another consecutive term. His administration has operated without a stable majority in the Legislative Assembly, reflecting a broader pattern in Costa Rican politics in which fragmented parliaments limit executive power and force negotiation across party lines. This institutional design makes legislative results as important as the presidential contest itself.

Polling ahead of the election suggests that the candidate, Laura Fernández, linked to the current governing camp, is leading the race and approaching the threshold required to win outright in the first round. Opposition parties, meanwhile, remain divided among multiple contenders, making it difficult to consolidate support behind a single alternative. A large share of undecided voters means the outcome is still not guaranteed, but the current polling landscape points to continuity rather than a sharp political rupture.

This dynamic matters because the presidency in Costa Rica holds key responsibilities, including directing public policy, overseeing security strategy and representing the country internationally. At the same time, a fragmented legislature can constrain the next president’s ability to pass reforms, making the balance of power between the executive and parliament central to how effectively the next government can govern.

The election takes place against a backdrop of growing public concern over crime, economic pressures and confidence in institutions. While Costa Rica remains one of Latin America ’s most stable democracies, these issues have intensified political debate and tested the traditional consensus-driven model that long defined the country’s politics.

For Costa Rica, the 2026 vote is not only about choosing a new leader, but about how its democratic system functions in a more fragmented and demanding political environment . The result will indicate whether the current governing approach retains voter backing and how the country’s long-standing institutional framework adapts to changing political realities.

Here is a rundown of elections that made a difference in 2025:

Sri Lanka

One of the most consequential elections was Sri Lanka ’s parliamentary transition in early 2025, which followed the 2024 presidential election won by Anura Kumara Dissanayake after the country’s worst economic crisis since independence. Voters decisively rejected the long-dominant Rajapaksa and Wickremesinghe political establishments, widely blamed for the 2022 debt default, instead backing parties and candidates associated with fiscal discipline, anti-corruption reforms, and continued engagement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) recovery programme.

Crucially, the mass youth-led protest movement known as the “Aragalaya,” which had forced former president Gotabaya Rajapaksa to flee in 2022, evolved into sustained electoral pressure in 2025.

Cameroon

In the October 12, 2025, presidential election, Cameroon’ s long-serving President Paul Biya, aged 92, was declared the winner with approximately 53.7% of the vote, extending his rule that began in 1982 into an unprecedented eighth term. The result sparked widespread protests in major cities such as Douala and Yaoundé, with opposition supporters rejecting the official outcome and accusing the government of electoral fraud and repression. The election and its aftermath underscored deep social tensions between entrenched political authority and a growing demand for democratic accountability among citizens and civil society groups.

Tanzania

Tanzania’s 29 October 2025 general election faced criticism over the exclusion of major opposition candidates and claims of suppressed dissent, fuelling public dissatisfaction with the electoral process and governance. Following the government’s declared victory, protests erupted in major cities, driven largely by young people contesting the outcome and broader political restrictions. Opposition groups and civil society alleged that thousands were killed during the unrest, with some estimates as high as 10,000. These claims have not been independently verified and were dismissed by the government as exaggerated. Prime Minister Mwigulu Nchemba’s administration described the figures as misinformation and announced investigations into the protests and any confirmed deaths. A presidential commission was subsequently established, though no official death toll has been released.

Chile

In the December 2025 presidential election in Chile , José Antonio Kast of the conservative Christian Social Front was elected president, defeating left-of-centre candidate Gabriel Boric and signalling a sharp political shift after years of social unrest and economic uncertainty. Kast’s victory reflected widespread voter concern over crime, public security, and economic challenges, with his campaign promising tougher law-and-order policies and market-oriented fiscal reforms. The result marked a substantive rightward turn in Chilean politics, underscoring a broader social realignment in Latin America as citizens adjusted priorities away from progressive agendas toward stability, security, and economic pragmatism in the aftermath of mass protests and constitutional debates.

Bolivia

In the 2025 Bolivian presidential runoff, Rodrigo Paz —a centrist and former mayor of La Paz— defeated his main rival to secure the presidency with a clear lead in the early official count, ending nearly two decades of dominance by the Movement for Socialism (MAS) party. Paz’s campaign focused on economic stability, reducing political polarisation, combating corruption, and restoring investor confidence after years of tension between MAS supporters and opposition groups, appealing to voters across the political spectrum. The election marked a significant social and political shift in Bolivia, reflecting widespread public desire for consensus leadership and pragmatic governance following periods of protests, contested elections, and economic uncertainty under previous administrations.

Luis Redondo, president of the National Congress, said the situation requires an immediate investigation into both the primary elections held in March and the subsequent general election process. He explained that a special commission appointed in March has been instructed to examine and document irregularities linked to the conduct of the vote.

The recount follows controversy surrounding the 9 March primary elections, which were affected by widespread logistical failures in the distribution of voting materials. In several polling stations, delays reportedly exceeded 16 hours, fuelling voter frustration and raising concerns that the disruptions may have influenced participation and the integrity of the process.

Redondo pointed to Honduras’ electoral law , which requires the CNE to formally declare election results within 30 days of voting and to order their publication in the Official Gazette, La Gaceta . He noted that the Constitution grants Congress the authority to step in and oversee the count and declaration of results if the electoral body fails to fulfil its legal obligations.

“We want transparency, and if it reaches this branch of the State, if there is no declaration, the constitutional process will be applied and we will carry out the count and the tally, vote by vote,” Redondo said, referring to the review of results from more than 19,000 polling stations nationwide. Lawmakers supporting the recount argue the move is essential to restoring public trust in the electoral system amid fears of institutional failure and broader political pressure.

As unrest intensified, CNE councillor Cossette López warned that the situation at the Electoral Logistics Centre had become “critical”. The protest formed part of a broader wave of demonstrations in the capital, with tyres also set alight earlier on Monday along a key road linking Tegucigalpa to northern Honduras. Similar scenes were reported last week outside CNE headquarters.

The protests come amid repeated delays in the vote count, which has been halted several times and accompanied by accusations of irregularities. With 99.80 per cent of polling stations counted, National Party candidate Nasry Asfura, backed by Donald Trump , is leading with 40.54 per cent of the vote, followed by Liberal Party candidate Salvador Nasralla on 39.19 per cent, and Libre’s Rixi Moncada on 19.29 per cent.

Kast, leader of the Republican Party, secured the presidency after winning 58 per cent of the vote, defeating his rival Jeanette Jara, who received 41 per cent. The result marks a clear shift in Chile’s political landscape following a closely watched election.

The president-elect is set to assume office on 11 March 2026, ushering in a new political cycle. His victory comes with high expectations among supporters, alongside significant challenges as he prepares to govern in a Congress that remains fragmented.

Although Kast’s party does not hold an absolute majority, the transition process is now underway, with both outgoing and incoming administrations signalling continuity in institutional procedures as Chile moves toward its next chapter in leadership.

This concludes our live coverage of Honduras’s 2025 general elections. After a tense and closely contested voting day, the ballot count is now under way as the country awaits clarity on its next president. Provisional results are expected in the coming hours. Follow Global South World for continued updates and post-election analysis from Honduras.

01:13 GMT: An international observer was expelled from a vote-counting centre amid tensions during the tallying process. The incident comes as conflicts and allegations of possible fraud emerged while ballots were being counted in several polling stations.

00:00 GMT: Polls have now closed and the vote count is under way.

23:00 GMT: Polling stations were originally set to close at 5:00 p.m. local time, but authorities have indicated they may remain open until 6:00 p.m. because of long queues. The extension aims to ensure that everyone already in line can vote as part of the general election.

22:30 GMT: Honduran President Xiomara Castro cast her vote, accompanied by her grandson José Manuel, during the country’s general election.

18:55 GMT: Honduran President Xiomara Castro said: “The satisfaction we feel goes beyond what I personally think — it reflects the sentiment of the people. We have intervened in all areas,” in her remarks on today’s elections.

17:25 GMT: The EU Election Observation Mission has deployed 138 observers across the country for today’s vote. Teams are visiting polling centres in every department, filing reports through a dedicated app that forwards their assessments to the mission’s central team in Tegucigalpa.

17:05 GMT: Nasry Asfura, the National Party’s presidential candidate, has arrived at the polling centre where he is set to cast his vote.

15:45 GMT: Tensions rose near a polling centre when some supporters of Salvador Nasralla confronted journalists covering Sunday’s presidential election. Several reporters were attacked while documenting the incident, underscoring the growing friction between media crews and Nasralla’s sympathisers.

15:15 GMT: Salvador Nasralla, the Liberal Party (PLH) presidential candidate, cast his vote in Tegucigalpa, accompanied by his wife, Iroshka Elvir.

14:15 GMT: Libre’s presidential candidate, Rixi Moncada, cast her vote, arriving at the polling station accompanied by political allies.

13:30 GMT: “The only results that count are those issued by the CNE,” said Ana Paola Hall, the council’s presiding member, on Sunday morning. With that statement, Honduras enters its most tense election day in a decade, as voters decide who will succeed President Xiomara Castro.

13:00 GMT:  Honduras’s polls open as voters begin a decisive day for the country’s political future.

11:47 GMT: Honduras’s Armed Forces have reiterated their commitment to remain strictly impartial throughout the electoral process. They emphasised what is set out in Article 284 of the Electoral Law, which makes clear that the final declaration of results is the exclusive responsibility of the National Electoral Council (CNE).

10:26 GMT : Electoral Commission confirms that the use of the biometric device is mandatory

10:15 GMT : Ahead of the polls, the head of the Electoral Mission of the Organisation of American States (OAS) urges Hondurans to go out in their numbers to vote in a peaceful manner and calls on all actors to respect the citizens' right to choose while awaiting the results that will be delivered by the CNE

09:45 GMT : Honduras rejects US 'interference' as Trump wades into election debate

Honduran Vice Foreign Minister Gerardo Torres Zelaya sharply criticised US President Donald Trump for interfering in the country’s internal affairs ahead of the 30 November elections.

Speaking at a press conference in Tegucigalpa, he argued that Washington’s recent moves show clear double standards in its public stance on drug trafficking. Torres Zelaya condemned what he described as external pressure, warning that Honduras would not accept actions that could pave the way for a return to the “narco-state” the country fought to overcome. More here

09:38 GMT : Trump to pardon Honduras’ former leader Hernández, serving time for narcotrafficking

Donald Trump announced on Friday that he will grant a full pardon to former Honduran president Juan Orlando Hernández, who is currently serving a 45-year sentence in the United States after being convicted of drug-trafficking and weapons-related offences.

The announcement, made just two days before Honduras goes to the polls , immediately sent shockwaves through the country. In his statement, Trump insisted that Hernández had been “treated very harshly and unfairly,” framing the pardon as a corrective measure rather than a political intervention. Read more

Polls open at 7:00 AM local time (13:00 GMT) and close at 5:00 PM local time (23:00 GMT).

What to know

Overview of the main contenders

The contest centres on three figures who represent different political blocs and visions for the country:

Key issues in the election

Voting and electoral context

Historical background

Honduras arrives at this vote after a politically charged decade marked by contested elections, corruption scandals tied to past administrations, and persistent security challenges. Outgoing president Xiomara Castro’s government emphasised social spending and a tougher posture on gangs; her endorsement of Moncada frames the vote partly as a referendum on those policies . International players, including the U.S., are paying close attention to both the substance of the campaigns and the conduct of the vote.

The remarks followed Trump’s announcement that he intends to grant a full pardon to former Honduran president Juan Orlando Hernández, who is currently serving a 45-year sentence in the United States for drug-trafficking and weapons-related offences. Trump also used his social media platform to endorse Hernández’s National Party ally, Nasry “Tito” Asfura, ahead of Sunday’s vote. The vice foreign minister stressed that a pardon would not alter Hernández’s record, insisting that the convictions remain a matter of public record.

Torres Zelaya denounced what he sees as contradictions in Trump’s position, citing past US-led anti-drug operations in the region. “Another thing that we find interesting to mention is that it carries a great load of irony and even contradiction that President Trump raises the banner of the fight against drug trafficking to generate actions against other countries, and in the case of Honduras, he is asking for the vote for the main drug lord of Central America , Mr Juan Orlando Hernandez,” he said.

He also argued that Trump’s endorsement of Asfura sends a clear political message. “It is no longer us saying it, Trump already said it: voting for Nasry Asfura is voting for Juan Orlando Hernandez. Voting for the National Party is voting for the narco-state to return and for the cartel to govern Honduras again,” he warned. Honduras is set to elect a president, members of the National Congress, representatives to the Central American Parliament, and local authorities, with more than six million citizens eligible to vote.

Rixi Moncada is a veteran of public service: former teacher, lawyer, magistrate, finance minister and, until recently, defence minister. She is the official candidate of the ruling party, seeking to carry forward a “refoundational” project for the state.

Her platform centres on strengthening public institutions, defending state-controlled services and natural resources, and pushing for social justice . She frames her campaign as a defence of the “public good” against privatisation pressures.

Nasry "Tito" Asfura (Partido Nacional — Right / Conservative)

Nasry Asfura, 67, is a businessman and former mayor of Tegucigalpa, with a track record in infrastructure and urban administration. He runs as the candidate of the conservative National Party, pursuing a pro-business, free-market agenda.

His plan emphasises legal certainty, investment in energy and infrastructure, and job creation through public-private partnerships. Asfura pitches himself as a pragmatic “executor”, someone who can deliver stability, economic growth and institutional order.

Salvador Nasralla (Partido Liberal — Centrist / Reformist)

Salvador Nasralla is perhaps the most internationally familiar of the trio, a former television presenter turned politician, who previously served as vice-president. Now 72, he again enters the presidential race under the banner of the Liberal Party.

His proposal centres on tackling corruption, modernising the state and reviving the economy through support for small and medium enterprises, improved infrastructure, formal employment and social investments. He promises sweeping institutional reforms, including a revamped labour code, streamlined regulations and support for migrants and Hondurans abroad.

However, 47-year-old Fernando Dias also seems to be in a comfortable lead.

After being disqualified from standing as a candidate, opposition leader Domingos Simões Pereira has thrown his weight and support behind the Party for Social Renewal (PRS), a party headed by political newcomer Fernando Dias.

Expectations of the citizenry

During a conversation with Abigail Johnson Boakye, a journalist with Global South World, Samba M. Baldé, a Bissau-Guinean journalist, shared that despite the hype surrounding the upcoming elections, electorates seem to be less engaged, as they are tired of slogans and manifestos and want real solutions.

"Engagement exists, but it's uneven because voters react to something that has certain benefits than to only promises because for voters, when candidates fail to translate their proposals into real impact or how they can really impact society, public interest quickly drops. ...But people are, for example, no longer satisfied with slogans. They want clear plans and measurable results in Guinea-Bissau," Samba said.

On November 23, 860,000 voters head to the polls to decide whether their country can finally break free from decades of political turbulence.

Who is Fernando Dias?

Although new to the political spotlight, Dias is not entirely new to public life. His journey reflects a careful mix of academic training, political apprenticeship and a recent surge in national prominence.

He is a trained lawyer, holding both a Bachelor's degree in Law and a postgraduate qualification in Criminal Law from the Bissau Faculty of Law.

Before emerging as a presidential contender, he had built a steady career within state institutions, serving as the first Vice-President of the National People’s Assembly during the 11th legislature.

His roots in party politics run deeper than his “newcomer” label suggests.

He once served as Secretary-General of the youth wing of the Party for Social Renewal (PRS), eventually becoming its interim leader following a leadership vacancy. In June 2024, he was elected as president of the PRS.

He promises security for the people and desires to ensure the military does not interfere in the West African country's politics again.

"Our mission is clear: free Guinea-Bissau from the shackles of dictatorship and return power to the people. With faith, unity and courage, we will win the polls and build a new time for our nation," he wrote on his Facebook wall.

Background

Guinea-Bissau’s presidential and legislative races come at a moment when institutions are strained, and trust is fragile.

Umaro Sissoco Embaló's bid is seen as controversial because he has strategically reshaped the political arena through sudden dismissals and the appointment of a new prime minister ahead of the vote.

Heavyweight Domingos Simões Pereira and the historic PAIGC party-led coalition, PAI-Terra Ranka, were barred from contesting after the Supreme Court ruled their paperwork incomplete in October. This marks the first time the PAIGC party will be absent on a ballot paper.

Coups d'états, dissolved parliaments, and stalled reforms have marked Guinea-Bissau’s history. Embaló dissolved the National Assembly in December 2023, claiming an attempted coup, and left the country with no operational parliament for nearly two years.

Although his tenure ended in February 2025, Embaló stayed in the seat of power.

Jara emphasised that nearly half the electorate had cast a ballot for neither of the two leading candidates. She pledged to spend the coming days “listening carefully” to those voters and bringing a broader spectrum of Chileans into her proposals for the second round.

The candidate also sharpened her contrast with Kast, delivering one of her strongest criticisms of the Republican leader to date. “I regret that in the 16 years Kast served as a deputy, no one can recall a single law or agreement he passed for the good of the country. That is the reality, that is the reality,” she said. She added that her campaign would work to ensure Chileans understood “the differences between what it means for Chile’s future to be led by the far-right versus by progressivism”, arguing that the latter had historically secured advances in social, political and economic rights.

Electoral authorities will publish detailed results in the coming days, including regional and municipal breakdowns, as part of efforts to guarantee transparency. With no candidate surpassing the required 50 per cent threshold, the race will now move to a decisive runoff scheduled for 14 December.

In October 2019, long-standing frustrations erupted into mass demonstrations. What began as a protest over a metro fare hike quickly grew into the country’s largest social mobilisation since the return of democracy.

At the time, President Sebastián Piñera, leading a centre-right government, initially responded with fare freezes and limited concessions, but as protests escalated, he declared a state of emergency and deployed the military to the streets. In response, political parties across the spectrum agreed to launch a constitutional process to address public discontent.

Gabriel Boric, then a young MP and former student leader, emerged as one of the key figures associated with this moment of political renewal. He supported the constitutional process and criticised the government ’s handling of the protests, arguing for deeper social reforms within a democratic framework.

In the 2021 presidential election, Boric faced José Antonio Kast, a conservative candidate who campaigned on security and a more traditional economic model. Boric won the run-off with just over 55%, becoming Chile’s youngest president and symbolising a generational shift in national politics.

This recent history continues to shape Chilean politics today. The experience of social mobilisation, constitutional debates, and shifting priorities has influenced voter expectations ahead of the upcoming election. Some Chileans still seek the transformative agenda associated with the post-2019 period, while others prioritise stability, security, and gradual reforms.

Jeannette Jara, a former labour minister and Communist Party member, has focused her message on social welfare and equality. Alongside her emphasis on workers’ rights and gender equity, she has underscored access to quality healthcare and investment in renewable energy as central goals. Jara has spoken of strengthening primary healthcare, expanding home delivery of medicines for older adults and chronic patients, and increasing diagnostic equipment in local clinics — particularly mammography machines, given Chile’s high breast cancer prevalence.

Recent polls suggest Jara holds a narrow lead in first-round voting intentions, though Kast could benefit from a broader right-leaning coalition in a potential runoff. This reflects a deeply divided electorate, where competing visions — one prioritising state support and social protection, the other market freedom and border security — are shaping one of Chile’s most polarised elections in recent decades.

Speaking from the Casa Grande del Pueblo in La Paz, Arce reflected on his administration’s achievements and offered an apology to the Bolivian people for the difficulties faced under his government. He insisted that every effort had been made to confront the challenges of recent years “with determination and honesty”.

The president said the internal rifts within MAS began when Morales sought to maintain control of the party and prevent its democratisation, asserting that Bolivia’s left needed to “return power to social organisations” rather than allow it to revolve around a single figure. Arce also recalled the June 2024 coup attempt, saying he leaves office “through the main door and with his head held high”.

His speech marks the end of an era: nearly two decades of MAS dominance in Bolivian politics . The party suffered a historic defeat in the August election, with its candidate winning just over three per cent of the vote — a result that analysts see as a reflection of the deep divisions within Bolivia’s once-unified left.

According to the National Penitentiary Institute (INPE), more than 200 specialised agents, backed by canine units, carried out searches through cells and hidden compartments, seizing mobile phones, SIM cards, improvised weapons, and drugs.

“This extraordinary search was ordered by the President of the Republic to combat crime , particularly organised contract killings that often originate from inside prisons,” said INPE president Ivan Paredes Yataco, who accompanied Jeri during the inspection.

The raids mark the first step in Jeri’s declared “war on crime,” a promise he made immediately after being sworn in following the impeachment of Dina Boluarte. Under Peru’s Constitution, the President of Congress assumes power in the absence of a vice-president. Jeri will serve as interim head of state until new elections are scheduled for April 2026.

Analysts say his administration faces the urgent challenge of restoring public trust in national security institutions after years of political instability and rising violence.

“I swear to God, for my country, for all Peruvians, I will faithfully exercise the office of President of the Republic,” Jeri declared during his oath ceremony, before delivering his first address as head of state.

In his speech, Jeri placed citizen security at the centre of his administration’s priorities, vowing to take immediate action against the surge in organised crime . “The evil that afflicts us at this moment is citizen insecurity,” he said. “Criminal gangs, criminal organisations — they are our enemies, and we must declare war on crime.”

He also called for unity and renewal, appealing to Peruvians across generations. “From now on, we build the country we should be — the Peru of our dreams, the dreams of our parents and grandparents, and the dreams of our children , of Generation Z, which is rightfully demanding change,” he said.

Jeri’s rise to power followed a Congress vote of 124 in favour of removing Boluarte for “permanent moral incapacity”, a constitutional term frequently invoked in Peru’s recent political crises. Boluarte, who did not attend the session to present her defence, was ousted less than two years after assuming office in December 2022, when she replaced former president Pedro Castillo following his failed attempt to dissolve Congress.

Peru has now seen six presidents in less than a decade, underscoring the deep political instability that has plagued the Andean nation. Jeri, stepping into the presidency amid widespread frustration and insecurity, faces the daunting task of restoring both public trust and political order.

Unfortunately, this trend has led to increased coups, further fueled by widespread corruption and poverty plaguing the continent. For instance, in Guinea, a staggering 55 per cent of the population lived below the poverty line in 2019, while in Congo, the figure stood at an estimated 47 per cent.

Despite calls for democratic reforms, the continent continues to grapple with the repercussions of prolonged leadership, undermining efforts towards democracy and stability.

In 2023, the prolonged tenure of African leaders became evident, with five sitting heads of state having ruled for over three decades each. Notable among them were Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, Paul Biya of Cameroon, Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of Congo, Yoweri Museveni of Uganda , Isaias Afwerki of Eritrea, and José Eduardo dos Santos of Angola

Gabon and Togo had witnessed a dynastic rule spanning more than fifty years. For instance, Zimbabwean President Emmerson Mnangagwa extended his family's influence by appointing close relatives to his cabinet following his reelection in 2023.

Here are highlights of some leaders who have made staying longer in power a norm.

Teodoro Obiang Nguema of Guinea

Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo has ruled Equatorial Guinea since 1979, making him the world's longest-standing president. His rise to power through a military coup ousted his uncle, Francisco Macias Nguema, the country's first leader. However, his regime has been heavily criticised for its repressive and authoritarian rule, leading some to label Equatorial Guinea as the "North Korea of Africa." He has also appointed his son, Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue, as vice president.

Paul Biya of Cameroon

President Paul Biya of Cameroon follows closely, serving as the second-longest-serving leader since 1982. Despite surviving a coup attempt in 1984, Biya's presidency has faced scrutiny for its longevity and governance issues.

President Omar Bongo of Gabon

President Omar Bongo Ondimba of Gabon held power for nearly forty-two years, from 1967 until his passing in 2009. Following his demise, his son, Ali Bongo Ondimba, continued the family's rule for another fourteen years until August 2023. Amid corruption scandals conflict in the country's east under his presidency is considered one of the deadliest conflicts since World War II.

Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of Congo

Denis Sassou Nguesso has been a fixture in Congolese politics for over thirty-seven years, amending the constitution in 2015 to remove term limits, allowing him to maintain his grip on power.

Yoweri Museveni of Uganda

Yoweri Museveni is the only president a quarter of Uganda’s population under the age of 35 years has known. He has been Uganda's president since 1986, during which he has overseen a period of peace and significant developmental progress. However, his prolonged stay in power, marked by manipulation of institutions, has drawn criticism. Recent changes removing the age limit for the presidency suggest he could remain in power for life.

Isaias Afwerki of Eritrea

Isaias Afwerki has been the only President of Eritrea since the country gained independence in April 1993, making him the only leader Eritreans have known during their independent history. With three decades in power, Afwerki has never faced an election and is known for stifling dissent and arbitrarily arresting opponents without due process of law. Additionally, Eritreans under his presidency are expected to serve a mandatory 18-month military service which often extends indefinitely.

The issue persists because leaders are utilising tactics such as "constitutional coups" to secure longer terms in office. Many African countries have resorted to tactics such as amending constitutions to reset term limits, removing age restrictions, or creatively reinterpreting constitutional provisions. These measures, often controversial, perpetuate authoritarian regimes in a region where poverty remains pervasive.

Nicuşor Dan, the current mayor of Bucharest and a former civil society activist, secured 53.6% of the vote in the second round, after a campaign centred on anti-corruption, EU integration, and urban development, defeating George Simion, leader of the far-right Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR), who garnered 46.4%.

The victory has been widely celebrated by pro-democracy advocates, especially among younger and urban voters who view Dan as a symbol of transparency and progressive leadership.

Celebrations broke out in the streets of Bucharest and other major cities late Sunday night, May 18, with crowds waving Romanian and European Union flags, chanting Dan’s name and calling for a “new Romania.” Many supporters see his presidency as a turning point that could reverse years of political stagnation and nationalist rhetoric.

"I am happy, confident and optimistic for the next five years. Romanians have united, mobilised and voted massively in the direction that I consider to be the right one, the direction of the European Union, the direction of freedom, and they have not allowed themselves to be carried away by this sovereigntist wave that has risen in recent months," Maria Achim, a student told AFP during the celebration rally.

The runoff witnessed a historic voter turnout of 64.72%, the highest since 1996, with over 11.6 million votes cast, reflecting the high stakes of a race widely seen as a referendum on Romania’s future on the international stage.

"I was not elected because I am a woman, but on merit," she declared in her speech in the capital, Windhoek, as she took office in a ceremony attended by several African heads of state, including leaders from Angola, South Africa , and Tanzania.

The 72-year-old veteran politician succeeds outgoing president Nangolo Mbumba, 83, extending the rule of the South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO), which has governed Namibia since gaining independence from apartheid South Africa in 1990. Nandi-Ndaitwah, who previously served as vice president, has been a key figure in Namibia’s politics and a long-time member of SWAPO.

Her inauguration, coinciding with Namibia’s 35th Independence Day celebrations, had to be moved from the Independence Stadium to the State House due to rare heavy rains, the AFP reports. The ceremony was marked by applause and ululations as Nandi-Ndaitwah, popularly known as "NNN," took the oath of office.

In a powerful moment before her speech, she called on past and present women leaders in the audience to stand, including Liberia’s Nobel Peace laureate and former president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Tanzania ’s President Samia Suluhu Hassan—the only other woman currently leading an African nation.

Namibia, a country rich in uranium and diamonds, is one of the world ’s leading producers of these valuable resources.

John Dramani Mahama has been sworn in for his second term as President of Ghana. Following a decisive victory in the December 7, 2024, general elections. Mahama took the oath of office on January 7, 2025, at a ceremony held in Accra, presided over by Chief Justice Gertrude Torkornoo. His Vice President, Professor Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang, makes history as the nation’s first female vice president, which marks a progressive step in Ghana's socio-political framework. Mahama's administration sets clear priorities, with attention focused on addressing youth unemployment, driving economic recovery, enhancing healthcare systems, and developing infrastructure, thereby evidencing Ghana's robust commitment to democracy and governance.

Biden awards Ghanaian-born engineer with National Medal of Technology

Ghanaian-born engineer Dr. Victor Lawrence has been awarded the U.S. National Medal of Technology, conferred by President Joe Biden for his contributions to digital signal processing. His work has been pivotal in transforming communications from analogue to digital, significantly facilitating early internet access. Dr. Lawrence holds over 20 patents.

Mahama makes first appointments

President Mahama's first appointments have been made following his inauguration. Key personnel include Julius Debrah appointed as Chief of Staff, Dr. Callistus Mahama as Executive Secretary, Dr. Valerie Sawyerr as the Senior Presidential Advisor for Governmental Affairs, and Augustus Goosie Tannoh focusing on the 24-hour Economy and Export Development as a Presidential Advisor. These appointments are critical in establishing a competent administration capable of addressing the diverse challenges facing the nation.

Ghana’s largest clothes market devastated by fire 

A catastrophic fire devastated Ghana's Kantamanto market, one of Africa's largest clothes markets for second-hand clothing, raising concerns about economic prospects for many vendors. Traders are now pleading with the government to assist in restoring their livelihoods after more than 100 stores were destroyed and a large portion of the area was burned.

Inauguration of 9th Parliament mired by controversy

The inauguration of Ghana’s 9th Parliament has been mired in controversy linked to election irregularities in two constituencies. Issues regarding the Ablekuma North constituency in the regional capital, where no writ had been received, disrupted the roll call essential for electing the Speaker. In Akwatia in the east, a court injunction has hindered the acknowledgement of the elected MP, prompting concerns about potential legal ramifications for any members participating in proceedings under judicial constraints. 

The BDP, which has held power since the country’s independence from Britain in 1966, managed to secure only six seats, marking its lowest total ever.

Outgoing president Mokgweetsi Masisi acknowledged the unexpected defeat, stating, "We got it wrong big time in the eyes of the people."

Political analysts are calling this a "seismic shift" in Botswana's political landscape. Independent analyst Olopeng Rabasimane commented, "Change is here," noting the potential for Boko's presidency to transform the country based on the ambitious pledges made during the UDC's campaign.

These include plans to create up to 500,000 jobs, build 100,000 houses in five years, reduce water and electricity tariffs by 30 percent, and provide health insurance for all citizens.

In his acceptance speech, Boko emphasized his intention to introduce a minimum wage of 4,000 pula (approximately $300) and to stabilize relationships with diamond industry partners while diversifying the economy away from its dependence on diamonds.

Voter concerns included the high unemployment rate, which stands at around 27 percent, and the growing disparity between rich and poor.

However, Boko's administration will face a challenging financial situation. Keith Jefferis, an independent economist and former government official, pointed out that the new government is stepping into power amid financial difficulties, worsened by years of overspending and declining diamond sales; the mainstay of Botswana's economy.

"They're coming into power at a time when government finances are in a very, very bad state, partly because previous governments have been overspending for years," he told AFP.

With an impressive 80 percent turnout from over one million registered voters, expectations for the UDC are high.

As the newly inaugurated leader, Subianto is now responsible for guiding a country of 280 million people. He takes office alongside his vice president, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, 37, the son of immediate past president Joko Widodo.

Here are photos from the inauguration:

"In the company of our lawyers, we will go to court to submit this appeal, which aims to clarify several unclear points in the ruling," he said.

The presidential election held on July 28, 2024, has been mired in controversy from the outset. The National Electoral Council, which is said to be heavily influenced by Maduro loyalists, declared the latter the winner shortly after the polls closed.

However, the opposition, led by Edmundo González, collected tally sheets from 80% of the nation's electronic voting machines and posted them online, showing that González had won by a significant margin.

However, on Wednesday, September 18, González stated that he was forced into signing a letter that acknowledged his defeat in the July presidential election, which electoral authorities assert was won by President Nicolás Maduro.

In contrast to the uncertainties, violence, and turmoil that have marred several general elections around the world this year, Mozambique remains calm.

"I hope that there will be no violence and that life goes back to normal, as it has always been," said Takito Joao.

Mozambique began counting votes on Wednesday, October 9, following tense presidential and parliamentary elections, expected to allow the ruling Frelimo party to extend its 49-year hold on power.

Vote tallying commenced shortly after polling stations closed at 6:00 pm local time (1600 GMT), with initial results anticipated in about two weeks.

Projections ahead of the polls indicate that the ruling Frelimo party is likely to retain its grip on power.

President Filipe Nyusi is concluding his tenure after two terms, with Daniel Chapo set to succeed him as the party's candidate. Frelimo, which has governed Mozambique since its independence from Portugal in 1975, first allowed elections in 1994.

Since then, the party has consistently faced allegations of election rigging from opponents and observers, accusations it firmly denies.

The Independent High Authority for Elections (ISIE) on Monday, October 7 announced that Saied received 2.4 million votes.

"Mr Kais Saied received 2,438,954 votes, a rate of 90.69%," electoral head, Farouk Bouasker stated.

On the other hand, Saied's close contender, Ayachi Zammel secured 197,551 of the votes, while Zouhair Maghzaoui had 52,903.

"Candidate Ayachi Zammel obtained 197,551 votes, equivalent to 7.35%. Mr Zouhair Maghzaoui obtained 52,903 votes, equivalent to 1.97% of the vote," Bouasker added.

Only 28.8% of the nearly 10 million eligible voters participated in the election. This low turnout is seen as a sign of growing dissatisfaction with the political process in Tunisia, a country that once stood as a beacon of democracy following the Arab Spring uprisings.

Despite the low turnout, Saied's supporters celebrated his victory before the official announcement on Sunday, October 6, after the polls closed. Exit polls had already predicted a landslide victory for the incumbent president.

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) has commended Mozambique for its unwavering commitment towards combating money laundering and terrorist financing, as efforts are underway for the nation to be removed from the FATF's 'grey list'. The latest progress report indicates substantial advancements, showcasing updates on six specific action items, the implementation of improved risk-based supervision, and the allocation of enhanced resources to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU). According to COB , despite these improvements, Mozambique still faces the challenge of fulfilling six remaining actions before the upcoming report due on November 24, a timeline dictated by its inclusion in the grey list on October 22, 2022.

Elections amid insurgencies

As Mozambique approaches critical elections this week, it is doing so under the shadow of persistent jihadist violence and severe drought-induced hunger affecting its populace. Approximately 17 million voters are set to cast their ballots to elect a new president, alongside members of parliament and provincial assemblies, marking an end to President Filipe Nyusi's extended two-term rule. Candidates are notably prioritising the cessation of the insurgency in Cabo Delgado, an area that has witnessed violence leading to the displacement of 1.3 million individuals. Despite facing corruption scandals and allegations of electoral fraud, the ruling Frelimo party is anticipated to win once more, reports KSAT .

History of Mozambique

Tracing the historical context of Mozambique reveals a series of significant events since gaining independence from Portugal on June 25, 1975. The country was established after a liberation struggle led by the Frelimo party, which later transitioned into a one-party Marxist state by 1977 under President Samora Machel. Following a tragic civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992, which claimed approximately one million lives and devastated the economy, a peace accord was signed, leading to the first democratic elections in 1994, maintained by Frelimo's continued dominance in elections ever since. As reported by Barron's , from 2017 to 2024, Mozambique has faced violent attacks connected to the Islamic State group, particularly in Cabo Delgado, resulting in military interventions from foreign nations and ongoing efforts aimed at peace and reintegration of combatants into civilian sectors.

Things to know about Mozambique

Despite boasting considerable natural gas reserves, Mozambique remains one of the poorest nations globally, with over 33 million inhabitants. The legacy of a destructive civil war and ongoing challenges, such as rampant poverty (afflicting around 74.5% of its population), underscore the urgency for economic stability. The Cabo Delgado province, rich in gas, has been the site of jihadist violence that has claimed nearly 5,800 lives since 2017. Barron's reports that support from regional forces like Rwanda and South Africa have been mobilised to address this crisis, and a recent promise of substantial gas revenue—potentially exceeding $6 billion annually—brings cautious optimism for future economic growth. However, further development efforts have faced hindrances from ongoing violence. Furthermore, Mozambique's vulnerability to climate-related disasters has been starkly illustrated through the damage inflicted by cyclones Idai and Kenneth in 2019.

First cashew factory

To stimulate economic diversification and bolster local agriculture, a new cashew nut processing factory has been inaugurated in Palma, Cabo Delgado, amidst improved security conditions. Funded by The Sunshine Approach Foundation with an investment of 30 million meticais (approximately US$1.3 million), this facility boasts a processing capacity of 1,500 tons of cashew nuts per year and is projected to create employment opportunities for around 100 individuals. This project is part of broader initiatives aimed at stabilizing and industrializing the region, reflecting renewed confidence from investors in Cabo Delgado, reports COB .

During his presidency, AMLO introduced significant reforms, including a constitutional change to make judges elected rather than appointed, affecting 7,000 judicial positions. He also doubled the minimum wage and launched cash transfer programs aimed at supporting mothers and students.

Reflecting on his time in office, Lopez Obrador expressed satisfaction about the impact his tenure has left on Mexicans.

“I can't stop saying that I am leaving the presidency very satisfied with the affection of many Mexicans, both women and men, for which I am grateful."I am leaving very happy, also because tomorrow I will be handing over the presidential sash to an exceptional woman, a mister," the AFP quoted him.

Lopez Obrador, who remains popular among Mexicans, even has a festival named after him, "AMLO Fest." On October 1, he will be succeeded by his protégé, Claudia Sheinbaum.

Pezeshkian, a reformist and former heart surgeon, won the runoff election against ultraconservative Saeed Jalili on July 5. He received over 16 million votes, about 54 per cent of the total ballots cast.

The election occurred amid regional tensions related to the Gaza conflict, ongoing disputes over Iran’s nuclear program, and domestic dissatisfaction due to economic sanctions.

At the inauguration, Pezeshkian took an oath to uphold the Islamic Republic's constitution and values. “I as the president, in front of the Holy Koran and the people of Iran, swear to almighty God to be the guardian of the official religion and the Islamic Republic system and the constitution of the country,” Pezeshkian was quoted by AFP.

Pezeshkian condemned Israel’s actions in Gaza and criticized the U.S. for its support of Israel. "Those who supply the weapons that kill children in Gaza cannot teach humanity and tolerance to others," he said.

Some attendees chanted “Death to Israel, Death to America” during his speech. He also warned of severe consequences if Israel were to attack Lebanon.

This election comes at a crucial time for Sri Lanka, which has faced considerable political and economic turmoil in recent years. The last direct presidential election was held in 2019, resulting in a landslide victory for Gotabaya Rajapaksa.

However, Rajapaksa's tenure was cut short in 2022 amid mass protests and an economic crisis, leading to his resignation and the appointment of Ranil Wickremesinghe as president.

“This election comes after a long period of political and economic upheaval,” Al Jazeera’s Minelle Fernadez said, reporting from the capital, Colombo. “The country is going through a huge economic crisis with people unable to afford basic essentials like food, medicine and fuel.”

President Wickremesinghe, who assumed office in July 2022, is seeking re-election as an independent candidate. He faces stiff competition from prominent figures such as opposition leader Sajith Premadasa and National People's Power (NPP) leader Anura Kumara Dissanayake.

Other notable candidates include former army commander Sarath Fonseka and Minister of Justice Wijeyadasa Rajapakshe.

Almost 17 million of Sri Lanka’s 22 million people are eligible to vote in an election which will be conducted using a limited ranked voting system, where voters can express up to three preferences.

If no candidate secures over 50% of the votes in the first count, the second and third preferences will be distributed until a candidate achieves a majority.

The political climate leading up to the election has been tense, with various attempts to postpone the election being quashed by the Supreme Court. The court emphasised the constitutional requirement to hold the election within a specified timeframe.

Senegal's cashew export season has started with 2,000 tonnes from Guinea-Bissau, indicating growth in West Africa's cashew export industry, Bulkmaterialsinternational reports.

First 100 days in power

Bassirou Diomaye Faye, Senegal’s new 44-year-old president, has prioritised audits of public finances and minerals contracts. All Africa reports that he has also implemented measures to attract capital and ease rising living costs. A $750 million Eurobond was issued to meet government financing needs ahead of the start of oil and gas production this year.

German Foreign Minister visits

German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock visited Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire. She expressed concern about the population in Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. Baerbock called on the military governments of these countries to protect the population from violence in the fight against Islamist militias. Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire are important partners for Europe in West Africa, according to Deutsland.de .

U.S. visits

U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Kurt M. Campbell visits Ghana, Gabon, Senegal, and the UK to strengthen partnerships on democracy, security, and economic growth. Mirage News reports that he will also focus on environmental and sustainable management practices in Gabon's rain forests and discuss pressing global challenges with senior UK officials.

  Food security

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and Senegal have partnered to implement a new programme to improve food security and resilience for smallholder farmers. The €27.8 million Food System Resilience Programme aims to reach 600,000 participants, focusing on the western, Niayes, and southern regions of the country. The programme will address the underlying causes of food crises and work to prevent food insecurity on a regional scale. It will also contribute to several Sustainable Development Goals, including ending poverty, zero hunger, and climate action. Miragenews reports that this partnership is part of IFAD's continued investment in rural development in Senegal, which has directly benefited over 667,000 rural households.

Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, a hard-line protege of the country’s supreme leader, died in a helicopter crash at age 63. The President and his foreign minister died when their helicopter crashed as it was crossing mountain terrain in heavy fog, Reuters reported. He oversaw mass executions in 1988 and led Iran’s uranium enrichment program. His administration pushed back against international inspections and faced internal dissent. He was known for his role in Iran’s judiciary and was sanctioned by the US Treasury for human rights violations. Raisi won the presidency in 2021 with the lowest voter turnout in Iran’s history.

Power struggle

The death of Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and Foreign Minister Hossein Amirabdollahian in a helicopter crash has sparked a power struggle in Iran. Daily Express indicated that Raisi's deputy, Mohammad Mokhber will temporarily take over, potentially leading to increased involvement of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps in the government. The Supreme Leader's strategic decisions are not expected to change. Raisi was expected to be Khamenei's successor, but now his son may be in line for the position.

Interim president

Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has confirmed Mohammad Mokhber as interim president following the death of Ebrahim Raisi, Aljazeera reports. Ali Bagheri Kani has been appointed as acting foreign minister. Iran is in a state of mourning for five days. The country remains in a state of heightened tensions in the Middle East, with ongoing conflicts with Israel and Iran-backed groups. Mokhber has 50 days to arrange for the election of a new president, as per the constitution.

Iran war

Iran's regime vows to continue as normal despite the death of their president Ebrahim Raisi. The country has been involved in intense conflicts and is continuing with its nuclear weapon agenda. Raisi was known for his brutal tactics and his death created a power vacuum. According to The Sun , the Iranian people are celebrating his death, and the regime is facing instability as they look for a replacement.

Acting foreign minister

Iran's top nuclear negotiator, Ali Bagheri, has been appointed as the acting foreign minister following the death of Hossein Amir-Abdollahian in a helicopter crash. Bagheri previously served as the deputy foreign minister under Amir-Abdollahian. According to NDTV , Bagheri is considered to be affiliated with Iran's ultraconservatives and part of the inner circle of supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who is the father-in-law of Bagheri's brother. This appointment was announced by government spokesman Ali Bahadori Jahromi on state television.

Jose Raul Mulino, the stand-in for former President Ricardo Martinelli, won Panama's presidential election with nearly 35% of the votes, Aljazeera reported. He replaced Martinelli as a candidate after Martinelli was banned from running due to a money laundering conviction. The election had a historic turnout and Mulino's victory was attributed to his ties with Martinelli. However, he faces obstacles in regularizing canal transit and reducing migration.

STEM training

SEforALL has partnered with the Government of Panama to launch a STEM traineeship programme, which will provide training to three recent university graduates in solar PV electrification. SEforALL explained the trainees will support the National Secretariat of Energy of Panama in overseeing solar installations through the Operación Solar project, which aims to bring PV systems to over 600 families, 10 schools, and 5 communities across Panama. The trainees expressed their excitement and aspirations for the programme, highlighting the opportunity to gain valuable hands-on experience and contribute to Panama's efforts in diversifying its energy sources and addressing climate change.

President-elect promises to boost economy

Panama's President-elect Jose Raul Mulino won Sunday's general election despite parachuting into the race late to replace his former boss, Ricardo Martinelli. He is seen as gruff and less charismatic than Martinelli but can channel Martinelli's popularity to win. Mulino promised to boost the economy, put more money in the pockets of ordinary Panamanians, and work closely with the private sector, reports US News . He also emphasized his vision for Panama and his past involvement in the civil crusade to end the rule of former dictator Manuel Antonio Noriega.

Gang violence and corruption

Panama's new President-elect Jose Mulino faces challenges with drug trafficking, white-collar crime, and human smuggling. Insight Crime indicates gangs and prisons pose a security threat while the country's low violence levels are seen as a business strategy by criminal groups. Mulino's relationship with former president Martinelli raises concerns about the country's fight against corruption. Record numbers of migrants crossing the Panama-Colombia border also present a challenge for the new administration.

Houthis damage Panama oil tanker

Yemen's Houthi rebels fired ballistic missiles, causing "minor damage" to a Panama-flagged oil tanker in the Red Sea. The attack comes after a lull in their campaign and follows an uptick in assaults in recent days. The rebels have launched more than 50 attacks on shipping since November, but attacks have dropped due to a U.S.-led airstrike campaign, ABC News indicates. However, there have been at least two other attacks claimed by the Houthis since Wednesday. The rebels have said they will continue their attacks until Israel ends its war in Gaza. Most of the ships targeted have had little or no direct connection to the conflict.

Ambassador Babagana Kingibe, Nigeria’s Special Envoy to Chad, praised the patriotism and tolerance of the Chadian people and authorities ahead of the presidential elections on May 6, 2024. He urged the people to maintain peace and handle any complaints through peaceful means. Kingibe also assured continued support from the Lake Chad Basin Commission for the peaceful inauguration of a new democratic constitutional order in Chad, The News Diary reported.

Presidential election

Chad is voting for a new president in an election criticized for not being free or fair, following violence and repression. The current military leader, Mahamat Idriss Deby, is the main contender. Nationwide News reported that critics warn of human rights violations and question the credibility of the election. The country, one of the world's poorest, is eager for change but faces challenges with poverty and insecurity.

Opposition cries foul

Chad's presidential election is marred by accusations of a "dynastic dictatorship" following the ascent of incumbent President Mahamat Idriss Dirstt Itno, son of former President Idriss Déby. Opposition leaders have faced violence and several were disqualified from running. The process has been marred by political repression and doubts about its fairness, The Guardian reported. The election outcome is expected to maintain stability and the status quo in Chad, a key concern for the international community amidst regional security challenges.

Heatwaves and outages

Heatwaves and water shortages in Chad and Mali have exposed the struggle of junta-led countries to provide basic services. Outages and rising temperatures have increased frustration with military authorities, especially as both countries face political uncertainty. Critics say the upcoming presidential vote in Chad is a facade to legitimize the current leader's rule. Reuters indicated that in Mali, electricity outages since the 2020 coup have affected public support for the junta. The lack of basic services has led to excess deaths and raised concerns about the junta's governance.

US withdraw troops

The United States is withdrawing some troops from Chad as part of an ongoing review of security cooperation. Military Africa explained that the move comes after Russia has been providing security assistance in African countries, potentially impacting US counter-terrorism missions in the region. The US is also in discussions with Niger to withdraw over 1,000 American personnel as the political situation in Chad remains unstable.

What they said

"The political and economic mafia forces have decided to take control of the presidential council and the government so that they can continue to control the state," the Montana Accord was quoted in a statement by the VOA News .

Haitians have urged the Transitional Presidential Council to prioritise security and restore stability following the selection of Edgard Gardy Leblanc Fils as president and Fritz Bélizaire as prime minister. The council's slow progress has been criticised, and calls have been made for urgent action to address the country's crisis. Despite concerns, there is hope that the council's recent meeting with the police and army signals a commitment to restoring national security. Haitian Times explained that expectations are high for the council to address the ongoing security and social violence issues swiftly and effectively.

New Prime Minister

The appointment of Haiti's new prime minister appears to have divided the transitional council. Four of seven members choose Fritz Bélizaire, causing unexpected political alliance and surprise among Haitians. The Montana Accord, a civil society group represented by a council member with voting powers, described the election as a "complot" hatched by four council members against the Haitian people "in the middle of the night," Daily Journal reported.

Haiti's new president

The Haitian Transitional Council has selected a new president and interim prime minister amid ongoing gang violence, international media Reuters reports. The nation's capital has been rocked by attacks, leading to a mass exodus of people. The situation remains unstable as the transitional council takes on the task of leading Haiti through the crisis.

Limited healthcare access

The World Health Organization (WHO) is concerned about the limited access to healthcare facilities in Haiti due to ongoing violence. Only three hospitals are operational in Port-au-Prince, and gangs have brought the health system to the brink of collapse. Patients participating in TB and HIV/AIDS programs are unable to attend hospitals due to gang violence, Media agency TeleSur explains. The chaos in Port-au-Prince also affects vaccination campaigns, epidemic control, and chronic disease prevention efforts. The international community is being urged to increase support and financial resources to provide vital services and essential supplies.

Colombian weapons in Haiti

Stolen Colombian weapons and ammunition may have ended up in the hands of armed gangs in Haiti, according to President Gustavo Petro. The missing supplies include explosives, hand grenades, and anti-tank missiles. The discovery came amid reports of foreign smugglers supplying weapons to gangs in Haiti. President Petro described the theft as a scandalous corruption involving officials in charge of protecting the state. Miami Herald indicated that the government is taking action to separate members of the public force from any criminal association.

Faye’s main rival, ruling party candidate Amadou Ba had already conceded defeat a day after the elections held on March 24.

"Considering the trends of the presidential election results and awaiting the official declaration, I congratulate the president Bassirou Diomaye Diakhar Faye on his victory in the first round," Ba said in a statement.

Faye served over 11 months in jail for a social media post that the government considered subversive.

After he was released from prison by President Macky Sall on 14 March, he made his first public appearance as a presidential contender a day after his release from jail on 15 March 2024

During the presidential campaign, Faye's endorsement by Ousmane Sonko, the 2019 presidential candidate and founder of PASTEF, propelled his candidacy forward, igniting a groundswell of support among Senegal's youth

He promised to create jobs and campaigned strongly against corruption. "In electing me, the Senegalese people have decided on a break with a past... I promise to govern with humility and transparency," Faye told journalists in his first public appearance after the election.

Faye, a political newcomer who is set to become the fifth president of Senegal when he is sworn in on April 2, 2024, is also the youngest head of state in the history of the West African nation and the youngest democratically elected leader in the history of Africa.

They alleged state interference in the electoral process and called for Prabowo's disqualification.

Prabowo's legal team on March 28 responded, arguing that any attempt to overturn his win would undermine the people's fundamental right to vote.

Otto Hasibuan, one of Prabowo's lawyers, maintained that there were no irregularities during the February 14 election and suggested that administrative complaints should be directed to the election watchdog rather than the Constitutional Court.

The official announcement of Prabowo's victory, alongside his running mate Gibran Rakabuming Raka, the eldest son of outgoing President Joko Widodo, was made by the national poll body just the previous week.

However, the legal dispute continued as the opposing candidates' teams also sought the disqualification of Gibran as a vice-presidential candidate.

Faye's ascension to the presidency began when he was released from prison on March 14, 2024, after serving over 11 months for a social media post deemed subversive by the Senegalese government.

The very next day, he made his first public appearance as a presidential contender, marking a new chapter in his life.

The presidential election, originally scheduled for February, was postponed by outgoing President Macky Sall, who had completed two terms and was constitutionally barred from a third. Despite the delays and speculation, the electoral process eventually took place on March 24, 2024.

Faye's campaign was propelled forward by the endorsement of the founder of PASTEF Ousmane Sonko, a man who had gained popularity after his 2019 presidential run.

Sonko’s support ignited a groundswell of support among Senegal's youth, resonating with Faye's promises to create jobs and his strong stance against corruption.

"In electing me, the Senegalese people have decided on a break with a past... I promise to govern with humility and transparency," Faye told journalists in his first public appearance after the election.

His main rival, ruling party candidate Amadou Ba, gracefully conceded defeat before the electoral commission announced the final results of the election, acknowledging Faye's triumph in the first round of voting on March 25.

Even President Macky Sall extended his congratulations to the President-elect, hailing the election as a triumph of Senegalese democracy.

At just 44 years old, the former tax inspector, who was relatively unknown just under a year ago is set to take the oath of office on April 2, 2024, to become Senegal's fifth president.