At the same time, some reports cited by the outlet Borkinna have claimed that more than 100 young people were allegedly arrested in connection with listening to the new music. Additional allegations suggest that state media may have avoided airing the songs and that a planned press event was cancelled shortly before release. These developments have led some diaspora groups and activists to raise concerns online about freedom of expression, while others frame the moment as part of a broader conversation about the role of art in public discourse.

The law targets items acquired between 1815 and 1972, before the adoption of a UNESCO convention governing the protection of cultural heritage. It seeks to address longstanding demands from former colonies—particularly in Africa—for the return of artefacts removed under colonial rule.

Under the new framework , governments requesting the return of artefacts must submit formal applications and demonstrate that the objects were obtained through force or illegitimate means. 

Requests will be reviewed by a designated committee, which will assess the evidence before approving restitution. Military objects, public archives and archaeological shares are excluded from the measure.

The reform marks a shift from France’s previous system, which required parliament to approve the return of each individual item—a process widely criticised as slow and restrictive despite growing international pressure.

Return to which countries?

France is estimated to hold tens of thousands of artefacts taken from its former empire. Countries such as Algeria, Mali and Benin have submitted formal requests for their return in recent years, reflecting broader global calls for restitution.

The legislation follows a 2017 pledge by President Emmanuel Macron to facilitate the return of African cultural heritage. Speaking in Burkina Faso at the time, Macron said African heritage should not remain confined to European institutions and promised to create conditions for its return.

Recent actions signal gradual progress. Earlier this year, France returned the Djidji Ayôkwé drum to Ivory Coast, an object taken by colonial troops in 1916.

However, the bill’s scope remains contested. Some lawmakers argued for broader coverage, while others sought tighter limits tied to diplomatic relations. The debate reflects ongoing tensions in France’s reckoning with its colonial past and its relationships with former colonies.

For many former colonies, especially those in the Global South, the new law is expected to lower procedural barriers, but the pace and scale of returns will depend on how the system is implemented in practice.

New data shows Shenzhen at the forefront, with nearly 99% of motorcycles now electric, followed closely by Beijing and Shanghai, where electric two-wheelers account for more than 95% of the total.

Shenzhen’s near-total transition has been largely enforced through a ban on gasoline-powered motorcycles in central districts, a policy approach replicated in several Chinese cities.

Beijing has taken a similar route, imposing strict licensing limits on petrol-powered two-wheelers. At the same time, Shanghai has relied on local regulations to drive a near-complete shift to electric alternatives.

China’s broader push has made it the world’s largest market for electric two-wheelers, with more than 300 million electric bikes and scooters in use nationwide, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA).

Beyond regulation, infrastructure has played a decisive role.

In Taiwan ’s capital, Taipei, electric motorcycles account for around 16.5% of the fleet, supported by an extensive battery-swapping network led by Gogoro. The system allows riders to exchange depleted batteries in seconds, addressing one of the key barriers to adoption: charging time.

In Southeast Asia, where motorcycles dominate daily transport, the shift is gaining momentum but remains uneven.

Hanoi reports around 12% electric motorcycle adoption, with authorities planning to ban petrol-powered bikes in central districts from July 2026 as part of efforts to tackle air pollution .

Indonesia’s capital Jakarta lags at roughly 1.1%, though policymakers are pushing conversion programmes for ride-hailing fleets such as Gojek and Grab. The government has also outlined ambitions to transition fully to electric motorcycles in the coming decades.

European cities are moving at a slower pace.

Paris, with about 9.5% electric motorcycle adoption, has seen growth driven mainly by private ownership of electric mopeds , supported by incentives and low-emission zones aimed at reducing urban pollution.

Iran’s Culture Minister Seyed Abbas Salehi said: “In terms of quantity and quality, with clear, attractive expressions and noteworthy events, a considerable number of artists, step by step over these forty days, came forward and participated,” adding that those who did not attend were “traitors”.

Science Minister Hossein Simaei Saraf described Khamenei as unmatched, saying: “I can say that the characteristics you see in our dear, martyred leader are unparalleled traits that have come together in one person.”

Babak Rezaei of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage said the “broad presence of artists from various disciplines reflects” the leader’s legacy.

Khamenei was killed during a joint US-Israeli operation on February 28, with his son, Mujtaba Khamenei, later named successor. Iran has yet to announce details of the funeral procession as regional tensions continue to escalate.

Nowhere is this more visible than in the revival of hanfu , traditional Han Chinese attire. In Beijing’s historic quarters, among the vermilion walls of imperial palaces and the expansive courtyards of classical gardens, young people are embracing styles rooted in dynastic history. These are not isolated performances staged for tourists, nor purely superficial gestures for social media. The attention to detail - from layered silks and embroidered patterns to carefully styled hair and accessories - reflects a deeper engagement with cultural heritage.

A decade ago, the fashion sensibilities of China’s urban youth often leaned heavily toward Parisian runways or New York streetwear. Today, those reference points are no longer dominant. Instead, a distinctly Chinese aesthetic is emerging, one that draws confidently from a civilisational past spanning millennia. Whether it was the best-selling fridge magnets modelled after Empress Dowager Xiaoduan’s phoenix crown or the operatic vocals layered over trending Douyin beats, the past is now "cool." This shift is not a rejection of global influence, but rather a rebalancing: Western trends are no longer the default benchmark, but one influence among many.

This cultural recalibration is reinforced by the digital ecosystem. Social media platforms and algorithm-driven content have accelerated the popularisation of traditional motifs, turning historical references into contemporary trends. Ancient symbols are reinterpreted through modern formats, from viral short videos to fashion collaborations, creating a feedback loop in which heritage becomes both relevant and desirable.

Time travel in Xi'an

At the same time, China’s tourism industry offers further evidence of this changing mindset. Domestic travel is increasingly centred on rediscovering and reimagining the country’s own historical and cultural assets. In cities like Xi’an, large-scale projects have transformed fragments of the past into immersive experiences. Nighttime districts inspired by the Tang Dynasty blend performance, architecture, and digital spectacle, attracting visitors not only as spectators but as participants in a stylised historical narrative.

These developments are not without complexity. Such projects often rely on significant investment and are shaped by the logic of the attention economy, raising questions about sustainability and long-term value. Yet their popularity underscores a broader point: there is a strong domestic appetite for cultural experiences rooted in Chinese history, even when mediated through modern technology and commercial frameworks.

Elsewhere, sites like Dujiangyan or the preserved homes of classical poets reveal another dimension of this trend. Here, the emphasis is less on spectacle and more on continuity - on the endurance of philosophical traditions, environmental harmony, and moral ideals. The steady flow of visitors to these locations reflects a renewed interest in the intellectual and ethical foundations of Chinese civilisation, suggesting that cultural confidence is not confined to aesthetics alone.

Confidence not fear

Importantly, this inward turn does not equate to isolation. China’s recent expansion of visa-free entry policies for numerous countries points in the opposite direction. By simplifying access for foreign visitors, the country is signalling openness and a willingness to engage. The ease with which travellers can now enter, navigate, and transact within China challenges outdated perceptions of inaccessibility.

However, this openness coexists with a more self-assured posture. The willingness to welcome outsiders is no longer accompanied by a perceived need to cater to external cultural expectations. Instead, visitors are invited to encounter China on its own terms and engage with a society that is increasingly confident in the value and appeal of its own traditions.

Taken together, these developments suggest a nuanced transformation. China is not closing itself off from the world, but it is preparing for a future in which cultural leadership is more diffuse and less centred on Western paradigms. Fashion, tourism, and everyday cultural practices are becoming vehicles for this transition, expressing a society that is rediscovering its roots while redefining its place in a changing global landscape.

In this context, the resurgence of traditional dress, the reinvention of heritage tourism, and the expansion of visa-free access all point to the same underlying reality: a country that is opening its doors wider, even as it grows more confident in what lies within them.

The article solely represents the views of Yubin Du, a journalist for Chinese broadcaster CGTN, who was based in Washington DC and London between 2012 and 2025.

In 2015, China led Asia’s tourism sector by a wide margin, attracting around 56.9 million international arrivals, according to data compiled by CEOWORLD Magazine. Thailand followed with 29.9 million visitors, while Hong Kong, Malaysia and Japan rounded out the top five.

At the time, China’s vast domestic infrastructure, cultural landmarks and major cities such as Beijing and Shanghai made it the region’s dominant tourism hub.

But a decade later, the picture looks very different.

By 2025, Malaysia took the top spot with approximately 28.2 million international arrivals, according to the Asia Golf Journey tourism report . Thailand remains a close second at 24.1 million, while emerging destinations such as Vietnam and Indonesia have climbed the rankings.

Vietnam, in particular, has surged to third place with 15.4 million visitors, reflecting strong growth driven by visa reforms, competitive pricing and expanding international flight connections.

Indonesia and Cambodia have also entered the top five, signalling a broader regional shift toward diverse, experience-driven travel.

Indonesia recorded about 10 million arrivals in 2025, boosted by destinations such as Bali and Jakarta, while Cambodia attracted just over 4 million tourists, supported by cultural tourism centred on Angkor Wat.

One of the factors that explains the changing rankings is that travel behaviour has evolved, with tourists increasingly seeking affordable, less crowded and culturally immersive destinations. Southeast Asia has capitalised on this trend, offering competitive pricing, simplified visa policies and aggressive tourism marketing.

At the same time, China’s inbound tourism recovery has been slower following pandemic-related restrictions, while Hong Kong’s visitor numbers have also faced structural changes.

Malaysia’s rise reflects a deliberate strategy to position itself as a regional tourism hub, combining infrastructure investment with targeted campaigns to attract international visitors.

The latest figures highlight how Asia’s tourism sector is becoming more competitive and decentralised.

No single country now dominates the region in the way China did a decade ago. Instead, multiple destinations are sharing the spotlight, each leveraging unique strengths, from Thailand’s beaches to Vietnam’s rapid development.

In North Africa, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia experience snowfall in mountainous regions, particularly within the Atlas range. Morocco’s Ifrane, often dubbed “Africa’s Switzerland,” regularly sees winter snow and sub-zero temperatures. Algeria’s highlands and Tunisia’s north-western elevations follow similar patterns, though less frequently.

Further south, South Africa and Lesotho stand out as the continent’s most reliable snow zones. Lesotho, in particular, is unique. Sitting entirely above 1,000 metres, it is the only country in Africa where snow falls annually across much of its territory. South Africa’s Drakensberg Mountains also see regular winter snowfall, occasionally extending into lower-lying areas during cold fronts.

Perhaps more surprising are the East African countries on the list, like Ethiopia, Kenya , Tanzania, and Uganda.

Here, snowfall is confined almost entirely to high-altitude peaks. Mount Kenya, Mount Kilimanjaro, and the Rwenzori Mountains host glaciers and seasonal snow despite their proximity to the equator. Community Literacy resources highlight that these regions maintain cold conditions due to elevation exceeding 4,000 metres, where temperatures routinely drop below freezing.

However, climate change is reshaping this reality. Glaciers on Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya have been shrinking rapidly over the past decades, raising concerns among environmental researchers and local communities.

The visual data above also points to extreme temperature lows across these regions. Morocco has recorded temperatures as low as -23.2°C, while South Africa and Lesotho have dipped below -20°C. Even equatorial countries like Uganda and Kenya have seen sub-zero conditions in mountainous zones.

These figures, while not representative of national averages, illustrate the intensity of cold snaps in specific microclimates.

Snowfall in Africa is more than a meteorological curiosity. It has become a niche tourism driver.

Ski resorts in Morocco’s Oukaïmeden and Lesotho’s Afriski attract both local and international visitors. These destinations offer rare winter sports experiences on the continent, contributing to regional economies and diversifying tourism portfolios traditionally centred on safaris and coastal travel.

Morake alleges the joke distorted the meaning of the lyrics and harmed his reputation and business interests, while Mwanyenyeka has framed his comments as part of a broader comedic critique of how Africa is portrayed in Western media.

What happened

What the comedian said

What the chant actually means

Cultural significance of the chant

Why it matters

“The strength of unity is my national power,” he raps in the song, urging a fractured nation to come together. “Undivided Nepali, this time, history is being made.”

The track, titled Jai Mahakali, blends campaign footage with nationalist imagery, echoing themes that propelled his rise from Kathmandu mayor to national leader. Originally recorded more than a decade ago and remastered for release, the song leans heavily on calls for unity and renewal at a time of political upheaval.

“My heart is full of courage, my red blood is boiling; my brothers stand with me, this time we will rise,” Shah declares in another verse. “May my breath not run out, I will run like a leopard.”

The release marks Shah’s first public statement since his Rastriya Swatantra Party secured a sweeping victory in the March 5 election, the first since a deadly youth-led uprising in September 2025 toppled the previous government. At least 77 people were killed in protests initially triggered by a brief social media ban but fuelled by deeper anger over corruption and economic hardship.

At 35, Shah has emerged as a symbol of youth-driven political change in the Himalayan republic, maintaining the persona that first built his following: a sharply dressed rapper in dark sunglasses whose appeal cuts across a generation disillusioned with traditional politics .

The timing of the release appears deliberate. Endorsed as parliamentary party leader only hours earlier, Shah used the track to signal that his political identity will remain intertwined with his artistic roots — and that music will continue to be part of how he communicates with the public.

Sources close to him say two more songs are expected in the coming weeks, suggesting that even as he assumes the country’s highest office, he intends to keep speaking through rhythm as much as policy.

Outgoing interim prime minister Sushila Karki welcomed the transition, saying Nepal’s future lay with a younger generation that could “end corruption… [and] create jobs… [and deliver] economic development and social justice.”

For Shah, the message is already set — not from a podium, but from a verse.

The ranking, which evaluates countries across 11 key indicators including cost of living, healthcare quality, climate, infrastructure, safety, and retiree-friendly policies, places New Zealand at the top with a score of 71.78 out of 100, underscoring its growing appeal among retirees seeking stability and quality of life.

Close behind are Luxembourg (68.04) and Switzerland (67.16), reinforcing Europe’s long-standing dominance in retirement planning, driven by strong healthcare systems, high living standards, and robust social protections.

European countries feature prominently across the rankings. Spain (65.27), Portugal (64.14), Malta (63.2), and France (61.3) all secure positions within the top 10, reflecting the region’s enduring attractiveness driven by climate, lifestyle, and accessible healthcare.

According to CEOWORLD magazine, countries in Southern Europe in particular benefit from a combination of relatively lower living costs and favourable residency programmes tailored to retirees, including tax incentives and long-stay visas.

However, not all European destinations perform equally. Greece, despite its popularity among tourists, ranks lower at 57.3, pointing to economic constraints and infrastructure gaps that continue to weigh on its retirement appeal.

Canada (66.39) and Australia (66.06) also rank highly, supported by strong public healthcare systems, political stability, and high safety standards. These countries continue to attract retirees prioritising long-term security and access to quality services.

New Zealand’s top ranking reflects a similar profile but with added advantages in environmental quality and lower population density, factors increasingly valued by retirees in the post-pandemic era.

Asian destinations are steadily climbing the rankings, offering a compelling mix of affordability and improving infrastructure. Thailand (60.97), Vietnam (60.25), and Indonesia (59.85) all feature in the top half of the list.

CEOWORLD notes that lower living costs and expanding healthcare services are making Southeast Asia particularly attractive for retirees from higher-cost Western economies. However, differences in healthcare quality and regulatory frameworks remain key considerations.

Countries such as Ecuador (59.65), the United Arab Emirates (58.8), and Dominica (58.59) highlight a growing trend toward non-traditional retirement hubs. These destinations often combine tax advantages, residency incentives, and lifestyle benefits aimed at attracting foreign retirees.

Meanwhile, Italy (58.37), Belize (58.1), and Mexico (57.96) continue to appeal for their culture and climate but face challenges related to bureaucracy, healthcare access, or regional safety concerns.

The Made-In-Country Index (MICI), based on surveys of tens of thousands of consumers across dozens of countries, ranked Germany first with a score of 100, followed closely by Switzerland (98) and the United Kingdom (91). The findings highlight how national branding continues to shape consumer trust and purchasing decisions in global markets.

The top tier of the ranking is overwhelmingly European. Sweden (90) placed fourth, while Canada (85) and Italy (84) followed, underscoring the strong association between developed economies and perceived product quality.

Further down the list, Japan, France and the United States were tied with scores of 81, reflecting solid but slightly lower confidence levels among global consumers.

Countries such as the Netherlands (76), Australia (75), and New Zealand and Denmark (73 each) rounded out the ranking, with Austria (72) completing the top group.

Germany’s position at the top aligns with its global industrial profile. According to Forbes, the country’s reputation is anchored in precision engineering, automotive manufacturing, and high-quality industrial goods, sectors that have consistently reinforced trust over decades.

The data underscores that national reputation functions as a form of soft economic power. Products labelled with trusted origins often command price premiums and enjoy stronger brand loyalty.

Forbes notes that countries with strong “Made in” reputations benefit from a halo effect, where even lesser-known brands gain credibility simply by association with their country of origin.

The origins of the ritual are linked to Hindu folklore, particularly a mythological marriage dispute. Two groups take part in the event. One group, including members from castes such as Golla and Kammara, throws cow dung in the name of Goddess Bhadrakali. The opposing group participates in honour of Lord Veerabhadraswamy.

Participants acknowledge the possibility of injuries but often express little concern, citing traditional beliefs about healing. The festival is traditionally held a day after Ugadi, which marks the first day of the Hindu calendar year.

The survey highlights stark regional differences in how societies perceive religion’s social value, with countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America reporting significantly higher levels of support than more secular Western nations.

Indonesia recorded the highest level of agreement, with 100% of respondents saying religion helps society. The Southeast Asian nation, home to the world ’s largest Muslim population, has long maintained strong links between religion, public life and national identity.

Close behind, Thailand registered 94%, while Kenya followed at 91%, reflecting similarly high levels of religious engagement in both countries.

The data shows consistently firm belief in religion’s societal role across several regions:

These findings suggest that in many developing economies, religion continues to serve as a key source of social cohesion, moral guidance and community support systems.

According to Pew’s broader analysis, respondents in these countries often associate religion with:

The list highlights how some music groups have experienced dramatic line-up changes over the years, with dozens, and in some cases hundreds, of musicians passing through their ranks.

AKB48’s figure stands far above any other group, reflecting the band’s unusual structure. Unlike traditional bands, the Japanese idol group operates with rotating members and multiple teams , allowing performers to “graduate” and be replaced by recruits while the brand continues.

Formed in Tokyo in 2005 by producer Yasushi Akimoto, AKB48 was designed around the concept of accessibility and constant renewal. The group performs regularly at its dedicated theatre in Tokyo’s Akihabara district and has inspired several sister groups across Asia.

Because of its rotating membership system, the group has accumulated nearly 300 members throughout its history , making it by far the largest band by total membership ever recorded.

Far Out Magazine ’s compilation also reveals several Western bands that have undergone extensive personnel changes over decades of activity.

The American jazz-rock band Blood, Sweat and Tears ranks second, with 183 musicians having performed in the group at different points since its formation in 1967.

The Irish folk-rock group The Waterboys has had 76 members over its long and evolving career.

Other bands on the list include:

Frequent member changes are not unusual in long-running music groups. Creative differences, touring demands, and evolving musical styles often lead to musicians leaving and being replaced.

Some bands, such as The Fall, became known for their revolving line-ups under the leadership of a central figure, in that case, frontman Mark E. Smith, who led the group for more than four decades.

Similarly, Santana, founded by guitarist Carlos Santana, has seen dozens of musicians contribute to the band’s recordings and live performances since the late 1960s.

Public health researchers say the trend reflects a mix of cultural traditions, economic factors and policy differences across the continent.

Countries, including Romania and neighbouring states, fall into the highest consumption categories, with average intake estimated between 15 and 17 litres of pure alcohol per person per year.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), Europe as a whole has the highest alcohol consumption levels in the world, with adults consuming an average of 9.5 litres of pure alcohol annually, significantly above the global average.

Across Western Europe, alcohol consumption typically ranges between 10 and 12 litres per adult per year.

Countries such as France, Spain and Germany fall into this mid-range category, reflecting long-standing wine and beer traditions.

However, public health campaigns and changing lifestyles have contributed to declining consumption in several Western European countries over the past two decades.

Northern European countries, including Norway and Iceland, record some of the lowest alcohol consumption rates on the continent, averaging around 4 to 6 litres per person annually.

This is attributed partly to strict alcohol regulations, high taxes and limited retail availability, policies widely used in Nordic public health strategies.

Research from the European Commission’ s health statistics database shows that stronger alcohol control policies are linked to lower overall consumption levels and reduced alcohol-related harm.

The trend has been fuelled in part by Chinese-American creator Sherry Zhu, whose videos jokingly encourage followers to embrace what she calls the “Chinese baddie” lifestyle. Since January, thousands of posts have appeared under variations of the phrase, with users playfully claiming they have “turned Chinese."

While the content is often light-hearted, many view the trend as part of a broader shift in how Chinese culture is circulating globally — particularly through digital platforms and consumer products rather than traditional state messaging.

“Chinese-created cultural products can have global aesthetic appeal,” Dylan Loh, a specialist in Chinese foreign policy at Nanyang Technological University, told Global South World in an earlier interview. “It is not simply the fact that cultural products from the West have a complete monopoly or dominance over media and cultural entertainment.”

In recent years, Chinese brands and cultural products have found new global audiences. Collectible toys from Pop Mart, including the popular Labubu character, have gone viral internationally, while Chinese food chains and lifestyle brands have expanded overseas.

Loh said such trends illustrate a form of soft power driven largely by private industry rather than the state.

“These are the most authentic kinds of soft power because you see the absence largely of the state,” he said. Because they emerge through commercial appeal rather than official promotion, “ people do not consider or think that it is threatening or suspicious.”

At the same time, China’s government has long sought to promote a more positive image of the country abroad. According to Loh, the Chinese Communist Party sees soft power as part of a broader effort to counter the narrative that China poses a threat.

“Using soft power does not preclude using coercive measures,” he added, noting that China’s cultural outreach sometimes sits alongside more assertive foreign policy moves, including disputes in the South China Sea .

Whether Chinamaxxing represents a lasting shift in cultural influence remains uncertain. 

Loh said China’s soft power efforts have historically produced “mixed outcomes.”

This shift reflects a broader change in listening habits. Where global hits were once dominated by English-language pop, audiences are increasingly embracing music from regional scenes across Latin America, Asia and other emerging markets.

Some of the fastest-growing genres are closely tied to non-English markets. Among music styles generating more than $100 million in Spotify royalties, the biggest gains came from Brazilian funk, which grew 36%, followed by K-pop (31%), Latin trap (29%), Latin urban (27%) and reggaeton (24%).

Over the past decade, Latin pop and Korean music have produced worldwide hits, mainly from boy groups such as BTS, and recently, from Puerto Rican star Bad Buny. But the new data indicate that the diversity of international sounds reaching mainstream listeners is continuing to expand.

Shift away from U.S.

Spotify’s report also highlights the widening geographic spread of successful artists. Eighty-five per cent of artists earning at least $100,000 annually on the platform are based outside the United States, reflecting the increasingly global nature of the streaming economy.

Streaming has helped accelerate this change by making music instantly accessible worldwide. Spotify said more than half of the royalties artists earn on the platform now come from listeners outside their home country, underscoring how international discovery is driving the industry.

Artists generating significant income are also emerging from a broader range of countries. In 2025, performers earning more than $500,000 on Spotify came from 75 countries, while artists making at least $10,000 annually represented more than 150 countries.

Streaming platforms argue that this global reach has helped expand the music business overall. Spotify said it paid more than $11 billion to the music industry in 2025, bringing total lifetime payouts from the platform to nearly $70 billion.

The company also highlighted the rise of a growing “middle class” of musicians. More than 13,800 artists earned at least $100,000 from Spotify last year, while over 1,500 generated more than $1 million.

But the widening mix of languages on the global charts may be the clearest sign of how listening is changing. As streaming connects audiences across borders, the world ’s biggest hits are increasingly coming from many more languages than ever before.

Figures compiled by World Population Review show that Australia ranks first globally for average home size, followed closely by the United States and New Zealand.

Australia's residential properties average about 2,303 square feet (214 square metres).

The large average reflects Australia’s suburban development patterns, relatively lower population density and a long-standing cultural preference for detached houses.

Many Australian homes include large outdoor spaces, multiple bedrooms and expansive living areas, features common in suburban developments across cities such as Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane.

The United States ranks second globally, with the average new single-family home measuring roughly 2,299 square feet, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau.

American housing has historically grown larger over the decades, driven by suburban expansion and consumer demand for bigger living spaces.

U.S. housing statistics show that new homes often include features such as large kitchens, garages and open-plan layouts, contributing to the country’s high average residential floor area.

New Zealand follows closely with an average home size of about 2,174 square feet (202 square metres).

Canada ranks fourth, with average homes around 1,948 square feet (181 square metres), reflecting similar suburban development trends seen in North America and parts of Oceania.

Both countries have relatively low population densities compared with many European nations, allowing for larger residential developments.

European countries generally have smaller homes on average, largely due to higher population density, historic urban design and different housing traditions.

Norway ranks fifth globally with homes averaging 1,496 square feet, followed by Greece at 1,356 square feet and Belgium at 1,293 square feet.

The Netherlands and France also appear in the top ten, with average homes measuring around 1,261 square feet and 1,206 square feet, respectively.

Spain rounds out the list with an average home size of 1,044 square feet, reflecting the country’s high proportion of apartment living in urban areas.

Dominating much of central and southern Iran is the Persian population , the country’s largest ethnic group. They form the backbone of Iran’s cultural and political life, and Persian (Farsi) is the official language used across government, media and education. Persians are estimated to make up around 60 per cent of the country’s population.

In the northwest, the above map shows a significant presence of Turkic-speaking groups, led by the Azeris, Iran’s second-largest ethnicity. Azeris share linguistic and cultural roots with wider Turkic communities and are concentrated in provinces such as East and West Azerbaijan.

Other Turkic tribes, including the Qashqai, who traditionally practised nomadic pastoralism in southwestern Iran, and smaller Turkmen populations in the northeast, also feature prominently.

The western provinces are marked by the Kurdish ethnic group, known for their distinct language and cultural traditions and centred around the mountainous regions near Iraq and Turkey. Kurds make up an estimated 10% of the population .

South of the Kurds live the Lurs, a group of related tribes with their own language and cultural heritage, spread across the Zagros Mountains.

In the southeast, the Baloch community reflects Iran’s historical and cultural links with neighbouring Pakistan.

Iran’s Caspian coast hosts unique Iranian ethnicities like the Gilaki and Mazanderani, both with deep historical roots in the lush northern provinces. These groups speak distinct languages and contribute to the region’s rich musical, culinary and social traditions.

Along the Caspian’s western shore, the Talysh people maintain their own linguistic heritage, blending Iranian cultural influences with their own distinct identity.

Smaller pockets of Arab communities are visible in the map’s southwestern reaches near the Gulf, remnants of centuries of trade and migration . Other minorities include Armenians, Assyrians and Afro-Iranian populations.

Tems has been especially prolific in 2026, racking up three Hot 100 entries this year alone, a pace no other African artist has matched so far.

Tems has been especially prolific in 2026, racking up three Hot 100 entries this year alone, a pace no other African artist has matched so far.

The entries include "Raindance", her collaboration with British rapper Dave, which charted on the Hot 100 early in the year and "What You Need", her solo single.

Burna Boy, on the other hand, became the first African artist to chart a Hot 100 song in six consecutive years from 2021 through 2026.

Who else has charted?

Billboard Hot 100 entries for African artists aren’t just a recent thing. Over the past few years, several track appearances have punched through, with a show of growing global influence:

These milestones reflect a shift in how global audiences consume music. Afrobeats and related genres no longer register only as niche or regional sounds; they enter mainstream conversation and sometimes dominate it.

Around 10,000 people had gathered for the late-night climax, during which the lights are extinguished and sacred wooden talismans are hurled into the crowd.

The festival, which dates back more than 500 years and is designated a National Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property, is a tightly choreographed ritual . 

In the final ceremony, priests throw bundles of small wooden charms into the darkened temple hall, followed by two larger sacred sticks known as “shingi.” Thousands of men, dressed only in a traditional loincloth called a “fundoshi,” surge forward in a dense mass, pushing and grappling to seize one of the prized objects. 

The two men who manage to secure the shingi are declared the year’s “lucky men,” believed to receive a year of good fortune and prosperity.

While it has been a cherished tradition in Japan, the festival’s combination of darkness, noise and extreme crowding has long raised safety concerns, particularly as participants pack shoulder to shoulder in a confined space .

In 2007, one participant died after being crushed.

Japan has several ‘naked’ festivals

Saidaiji Eyo is one of several “naked festivals” held across Japan during the coldest months of the year. These rituals combine Shinto and Buddhist elements and are rooted in ideas of purification: participants douse themselves in icy water and strip down to symbolise a return to an untainted state before petitioning the gods.

In northern Japan, the Somin-sai at Kokusekiji in Iwate long saw men battle for a sack of amulets believed to ward off disease and disaster. After centuries of observance, the temple announced its final full edition in 2024, citing dwindling local support.

Further south, the Hayama-gomori at Kuronuma Shrine in Fukushima remains a more secretive rite. Participants undergo days of abstinence and cold-water purification before nocturnal ceremonies and an oracle’s prophecy for the coming harvest.

For devotees, these festivals express communal endurance and spiritual renewal. Yet as crowds swell and rural organisers struggle with ageing populations, Japan faces a delicate balance between preserving tradition and preventing tragedy.

Here’s where the crowds are heading:

1. Île-de-France – Paris Region

The Paris region, known officially as Île-de-France, remains one of the most visited places on the planet. Its rich history, world-class museums and status as a European transport hub keep visitor numbers high. While the exact latest figures vary by source, France has consistently ranked as one of the top global destinations by international arrivals.

2. Canary Islands – Spain

The Canary Islands continue to break tourism records. This archipelago off the northwest coast of Africa welcomed over 16 million visitors in 2023 and has seen sustained strong growth into 2025, with tourism representing an estimated 30 % or more of regional GDP. Tourism here is driven by year-round sunshine, beaches and nature, with Tenerife and Gran Canaria leading arrivals.

3. Catalonia – Barcelona

Catalonia in northeastern Spain remains a heavyweight in European tourism. In 2025 alone, the region around Barcelona attracted over 20 million visitors, a new record, according to Spain’s tourism authorities, even as the national tourism sector set overall records with almost 97 million foreign visitors. The region’s blend of Mediterranean coast, urban culture and heritage sites keeps it high on global itineraries.

4. Balearic Islands

The Balearic archipelago, including Majorca, Menorca and Ibiza, illustrates the enduring power of beach tourism. In 2023, the islands recorded roughly 18 million visitors, and they remain a key part of Spain’s tourism success story. Local communities are increasingly debating how to balance tourism with quality of life, echoing wider European discussions about sustainability.

5. Veneto – Italy

Veneto, home to Venice, Verona and picturesque Adriatic coastlines, is one of Italy’s busiest tourism regions. Recent regional data show tourism arrivals and overnight stays reached levels well above pre-pandemic counts, with more than 73 million overnight stays recorded in 2024. Veneto combines historical cities, lakes and seaside resorts into a tourism mix that appeals across Europe and beyond.

6. Adriatic Croatia – Croatia

The Croatian Adriatic coast, though smaller in scale than some of its European neighbours, continues to post strong visitor growth. Tourist arrival dashboards show that numbers climbed sharply in peak months like May 2024, with nearly 2 million arrivals in just that month alone. Croatia’s beaches, islands and well-preserved old towns make it a favourite for summer travel.

7. Bangkok – Thailand

Far from the European hotspots lies Bangkok, Thailand’s capital and one of the world’s most visited cities . In 2024, the city welcomed an estimated 32 million international visitors, topping several global city rankings. Bangkok’s combination of temples, food culture, shopping and ease of access continues to draw travellers from East and West, helping it anchor tourism flows across Asia.

Today, it remains a live issue.

The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) has reported that many Jewish Europeans experience harassment and feel antisemitism has worsened in their countries.

In response, the European Commission launched its EU Strategy on Combating Antisemitism and Fostering Jewish Life (2021–2030), acknowledging the need for coordinated action across member states.

Against that backdrop, the new Eurobarometer 2026 data offers insight into how the wider public perceives the scale of the problem.

Where Europeans see antisemitism as a problem

Concern is highest in parts of western Europe:

In these countries, more than seven in ten respondents say antisemitism is an issue.

Mixed views in Central Europe

In countries such as:

Between four and six in ten respondents perceive antisemitism as a national problem.

Lower perceived levels in parts of Eastern and Southern Europe

Some countries report lower percentages of public concern:

However, this perception does not equal incidence. Public awareness, media coverage and the size of Jewish communities can influence how respondents interpret the question.

1. Shakira

Shakira is one of the most recognisable singers in the world, and she’s also spent years investing in education and children’s rights. She founded the Fundación Pies Descalzos (Barefoot Foundation), which builds and supports schools for underprivileged children in Colombia, providing meals, parent training, and wider community help. She also co-founded ALAS, a regional initiative focused on improving early childhood policies across Latin America and the Caribbean. In addition, she serves as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador , working on global education and social justice efforts.

2. Marc Anthony

Marc Anthony has combined global musical success with sustained humanitarian work, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean. He co-founded the Maestro Cares Foundation in 2012, which supports disadvantaged children and communities across Latin America and the United States. The foundation funds and builds orphanages, schools and community homes in countries including the Dominican Republic, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Bolivia. Its focus is on creating safe housing, access to education and long-term stability for vulnerable children. Anthony has also been active in disaster relief, particularly following hurricanes in Puerto Rico and other parts of the Caribbean. He has organised and participated in benefit concerts and fundraising efforts to support rebuilding and humanitarian aid.

Africa

Davido's custody battle

The legal team of Sophia Momodu, the estranged lover of Nigeria's top musician, Davido, has publicly warned the singer and his fans against intimidating or harassing the lawyer handling her child's custody case. The firm, Punuka Attorneys & Solicitors, criticised inciting posts on social media directed at their partner, Ebelechukwu Enedah, saying the matter is before the court and should be decided there, not online. They said threats or intimidation of legal practitioners undermine justice and should not be tolerated. The warning comes after Davido’s social-media posts expressing frustration with the lawyer’s conduct during a recent hearing, including comments he described as insensitive regarding his late son, which drew strong reactions from his followers. He later clarified that he was seeking joint custody of their daughter, Imade, and not full custody. He wrote in a social media post, "Like I said in the courtroom, I pray you never go through what me and my wife have gone through ever, and you were still smiling, smirking. You are a wicked human being. You are the worst lawyer ever. I beat you in court. You are not learned.”

Pilgrims advance towards the Sanctuary of the Virgin of Socavón, some on their knees in acts of promise and faith, while emblematic dances such as la diablada and la morenada reflect centuries of spiritual and cultural fusion. The carnival is both a religious pilgrimage and a national cultural expression with global recognition.

For the first time in decades, several nations that once marched under their own flags at the Olympic Games are once again kept on the sidelines, not for sport but for politics and global conflict.

This year’s line-up of excluded nations harks back to the earliest modern Games. In 1920, five countries, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey, were barred from competing in the Antwerp Olympics for their roles in the First World War.

Germany endured extended exclusion through the 1924 and 1948 Games, while more recent exclusions reflect very different world challenges, from state-sponsored doping scandals to sanctions tied to military aggression.

Today, Russia and Belarus find themselves at the centre of this ongoing tradition of Olympic discipline.

Both nations have been banned from competing as national teams in the current Olympic cycle following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, a move the International Olympic Committee (IOC) says conflicts with the foundational Olympic goal of promoting peace through sport.

While select athletes from these countries may qualify as individual neutral competitors, their nations will not be represented in the official parade of flags or team competitions.

What this really means is that the Games, even in 2026, remain as much a reflection of global politics as they are a celebration of athletic achievement, with exclusion once again telling as much of the story as the medals themselves.

The performance included guest appearances from Lady Gaga and Ricky Martin, as well as cameos from Pedro Pascal, Cardi B, Karol G, and Jessica Alba.

It was a celebration-cum-show that featured a mix of music, dance, and visual storytelling, including a traditional Puerto Rican casita, national flags from across North, Central and South America. 

One billboard read, “The only thing more powerful than hate is love.” At the end of the performance, Bad Bunny held a football with the English slogan “Together, We Are America.”

Trump, who did not attend the game, criticized the set on Truth Social, calling it “an affront to the Greatness of America” and accusing viewers of being unable to understand the lyrics. He also claimed the dancing was “disgusting, especially for young children.”

However, data contradicts Trump’s claim as the U.S. holds the title of the second-largest Spanish-speaking nation in the world. 

According to Forbes , about 13 percent of the American population speaks Spanish at home. 

This makes the U.S. the second-largest Spanish-speaking country in the world, with about 65.5 million Spanish speakers, after Mexico, which has about 138.1 million.

The number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. is expected to rise further, with projections indicating that one in three Americans could speak Spanish by 2050, including bilingual individuals.

Other countries with large Spanish-speaking populations include Colombia (53.1 million), Spain (48.9 million) and Argentina (47.5 million), according to 2025 data from the World Population Review . 

Spanish is the second-most spoken language globally, with over 559 million speakers, including 460 million native speakers. 

Ergo, data show that millions of Americans could follow and understand Bad Bunny’s performance, directly contradicting Trump’s claim that “nobody understands a word this guy is saying.”

Bad Bunny rarely sings in English, a deliberate choice that reflects his commitment to preserving Puerto Rican identity in his music. The singer has previously rejected industry pressures to translate or soften his songs to appeal to wider audiences.

His decision to perform in Spanish on the Super Bowl stage has brought Latino culture to millions of Americans and reflects broader shifts in U.S. media and entertainment, where Spanish-language music continues to gain ground. 

The smock, handwoven from locally spun cotton, originates from Northern Ghana, where Mahama comes from, was misidentified by some Zambians as a blouse, sparking online commentary and mockery.

However, the smock carries deep cultural and historical significance that extends beyond fashion.

In the film, tables across the country become stages for LEGO-built scenes inspired by everyday holiday moments.

It becomes a fold-down tray table on a Spring Festival train turned into a glowing LEGO zoetrope, to brothers in Inner Mongolia recreating their grandfather’s morin khuur with bricks. 

Other scenes include a chess game between a grandfather and granddaughter transformed into a LEGO fantasy, children performing a lion dance with a brick-built marionette in Guangdong, and villagers and travelers in Sichuan assembling what the company calls the world ’s longest LEGO firecracker.

LEGO said everything shown on screen was physically built, brick by brick, reflecting the brand’s emphasis on hands-on creation. 

Alongside the film, LEGO has introduced new Spring Festival products for the gifting season, including the Galloping Horse Canvas and Fortune Firecrackers sets. 

The Galloping Horse Canvas features a galloping horse rendered in an ink-wash style, drawing on traditional symbolism associated with success and good fortune.

The Fortune Firecrackers set reinterprets firecrackers — a staple of Lunar New Year celebrations — which are traditionally used to welcome prosperity and the God of Wealth.

These Chinese-specific offerings follow years of LEGO studying Chinese culture to create products that connect emotionally with local consumers.

Besides, the investments are likely to pay off, as China is the world’s largest toy market , with the industry projected to reach $78.21 billion in 2027, having grown 6.80% since 2022. 

China is the only market where LEGO designs products specifically for local holidays. Since 2019, the company has released 16 Spring Festival–themed sets, some of which have also found audiences outside China.

The Chinese New Year campaign is part of LEGO’s broader investment in the market, where it now operates more than 400 stores across over 120 cities and produces most of its China-bound products at a manufacturing facility in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province.

The event was attended by senior officials and diplomats, including Peru’s Minister of Culture Alfredo Luna and Yi Yuanqing, a business representative from the Chinese Embassy. Authorities described the celebration as a symbol of shared heritage between two ancient civilisations and an opportunity to strengthen people-to-people links through culture.

However, the festivities unfolded against the backdrop of mounting scrutiny over President José Jeri’s unregistered private meetings with Chinese businessman Zhihua Yang. The meetings are currently under prosecutorial investigation amid allegations of possible influence-peddling, which the president has denied, dismissing the claims as politically motivated. Government officials said the administration is cooperating with authorities as the inquiry continues ahead of Peru’s upcoming elections .

Footage filmed by Viory on Friday, January 30, shows hundreds of dancers performing in brightly coloured, hand-embroidered costumes, accompanied by folkloric music and traditional choreography. Masks, percussion and elaborate outfits reflect ancestral beliefs and customs passed down through generations across the Andean region.

Local authorities highlight the festival’s role in preserving a shared cultural heritage that predates modern national borders. The traditions on display blend influences from what are now Chile, Bolivia and Peru, underscoring a common Andean worldview rooted in history , spirituality and community life.

First held officially in 2003, the carnival takes its name from the desert sun and the Andean sun god, a symbol of life and renewal. Today, it is recognised not only as a major tourist attraction but also as an important space for intercultural exchange and regional identity in northern Chile.

The Holy Bible

Author: Various authors over centuries

Estimated copies sold: 5 billion

The Bible is the most widely distributed book in human history, according to Guinness World Records. Written over many centuries, it forms the foundation of Christianity and has shaped laws, ethics, art, and culture across the world. Its spread was accelerated by early printing presses, missionary work, and translation into thousands of languages.

The Quran

Author: Revealed to Prophet Muhammad

Estimated copies sold: 1.5 billion

The Quran is Islam ’s holy book and a central guide for Muslims worldwide. While printed copies number in the billions, its influence goes beyond sales. It is memorised, recited daily, and treated as a sacred text.

Quotations from Chairman Mao (The Little Red Book)

Author: Mao Zedong

Estimated copies sold: 1 billion

This book contains sayings and political ideas from China’s former leader, Mao Zedong. It became one of the most distributed books in history during China’s Cultural Revolution , when citizens were encouraged, and often required, to own it. Its high sales reflect political influence rather than traditional readership demand.

Xinhua Dictionary

Author: Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Estimated copies sold: 600 million

The Xinhua Dictionary is China’s official dictionary and one of the most used reference books in the world. It is widely taught in schools and updated regularly. Its massive distribution reflects China’s population size and strong focus on standardised education.

Bhagavad Gita

Author: Traditionally attributed to Veda Vyasa

Estimated copies sold: 503 million

The Bhagavad Gita is a sacred Hindu text that explores duty, morality, and purpose through a dialogue between Prince Arjuna and the god Krishna. Over centuries, it has influenced spiritual thought in India and beyond. James Clear often writes about timeless ideas, and the Gita is a classic example of ideas that remain relevant across generations.

Don Quixote

Author: Miguel de Cervantes

Estimated copies sold: 500 million

Often called the first modern novel, Don Quixote tells the story of a man who believes he is a knight in a changing world. First published in the 1600s, it remains popular because of its humour, humanity, and commentary on dreams versus reality.

A Tale of Two Cities

Author: Charles Dickens

Estimated copies sold: 200 million

Set during the French Revolution , this novel explores sacrifice, injustice, and redemption. Its famous opening line and emotional storytelling have kept it in school curricula and public reading lists for over a century.

These are not just footnotes; they are the " living sinews" of a relationship built on shared sacrifice. From the forgotten Chinese mariners of Liverpool to the intergenerational gratitude of British families, these stories remind us that even in an age of geopolitical turbulence, the bond between our peoples has always been defined by mutual support.

Today, we find ourselves in an Age of Strategic Fragmentation. As the United States increasingly pivots toward "willful unilateralism" and protectionist isolation, the global order is being pulled apart. In this volatile landscape, the rationale for a pragmatic, deep-seated partnership between the UK and China has never been more compelling.

The economic synergy

From a trade perspective, our two nations are not competitors, but essential components of a single, sophisticated ecosystem. My six years in the UK have shown me a perfect complementary curve: the UK’s leadership in high-end services , green finance, and life sciences finds its most natural outlet in China’s massive consumer market and rapid industrial application.

Take the current shift in British infrastructure . As the UK moves toward the renationalization of its railways, there is a golden opportunity for pragmatic cooperation. China’s high-speed rail expertise - unmatched in scale and cost-efficiency - can provide the UK with the technological blueprint for a cheaper, cleaner, and more reliable public transport system. This isn't just about tracks and trains; it’s about meeting net-zero targets through proven, accessible technology. In fields like robotics, British "brains" (AI and sensor research) coupled with Chinese "limbs" (advanced manufacturing) are already creating tools that will define the next industrial revolution.

A two-way street

Beyond the boardrooms, the heartbeat of our relationship is found in cultural resonance. In China, "Britishness"—from the craftsmanship of a Brompton bicycle to the heritage of Holland & Barrett—is synonymous with quality and trust.

Conversely, in the UK, I have seen a remarkable surge in "China-curiosity." Mandarin has become one of the most sought-after languages in British schools, and the celebration of the Chinese New Year is no longer confined to Chinatowns; it has become a fixture of the British festive calendar, from London’s Trafalgar Square to the streets of Manchester. This grassroots enthusiasm for each other's culture acts as a powerful buffer against political friction, reminding us that our societies are more integrated than the headlines suggest.

A shared responsibility

Politically, both London and Beijing have a vested interest in maintaining a stable, multilateral world order. In an era where international norms are being challenged by "America First" impulses, the UK and China can act as anchors of rationality. Whether it is upholding the Paris Agreement or safeguarding global supply chains, our cooperation is a prerequisite for global stability.

The "special relationship" with Washington need not come at the expense of a "pragmatic relationship" with Beijing. In fact, a Britain that engages deeply with China is a Britain that carries more weight on the world stage.

  We owe it to the memory of George Hogg, Eric Liddell, and the survivors of the Lisbon Maru to ensure that the bridge they built is not dismantled by the political whims and point-scoring of the present. As the world fragments, the UK and China have the opportunity—and the responsibility—to prove that cooperation is not a relic of the past, but the only viable path to a sustainable future.

The article solely represents the views of Yubin Du, a journalist for Chinese broadcaster CGTN who was based in London between 2019 and 2025

“Around 1 million young people want to buy tickets, but there are only 150,000 available,” she said.

While seemingly innocuous, the appeal has sparked debate within the K-pop industry. 

Some insiders noted that the request should have been directed to Hybe, BTS’ management company, rather than the South Korean president. One official noted that world tours are carefully planned based on market research, venue availability and artist schedules, leaving little room for last-minute additions.

BTS has previously added extra shows in cities such as Tampa, Stanford and Las Vegas in response to strong ticket demand, and additional dates in Japan and the Middle East are expected. 

Ticket sales probed

The controversy coincides with frustration among Mexican fans, many of whom failed to secure tickets during the initial global sale. 

The Mexican consumer watchdog has opened an investigation into Ticketmaster and is probing resale platforms such as StubHub and Viagogo for “abusive and disloyal practices.” 

Original tickets ranged from roughly 1,800 to 17,800 pesos ($100–$1,030), while resale prices soared to as much as 92,100 pesos ($5,300).

Why is K-pop big in Mexico?

Mexico is one of the world’s most passionate K-pop markets , with over 14 million fans on Spotify alone. Streaming of Korean pop music has grown more than 500% in five years, and fandom culture thrives through social media, fan art, themed events and community initiatives.

“K-Pop artists connect with fans by being real and speaking openly about their feelings, which really resonates with young listeners in Mexico,” said Alejandro Grageda, head of music at Spotify Mexico. 

“They also promote an optimistic vision of the world—something that inspires fans to dream, believe in something better, and build strong, supportive communities together,” Grageda added. 

In response to the disruptions, China’s main carriers – Air China, China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines – have introduced flexible policies for Japan-bound travellers. 

Passengers holding eligible tickets purchased before January 26 can change flights once without fees or request refunds, with the measures covering services from late March to October to cities including Tokyo, Osaka and Okinawa.

The move follows warnings from China’s foreign ministry and comes after Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi suggested her country could intervene militarily if China attempted to invade Taiwan. 

Beijing responded with a travel advisory discouraging visits to Japan and limited cultural exchanges, prompting airlines to recalibrate capacity, particularly on leisure-oriented routes.

Effects of the diplomatic fallout have already reverberated across the two Asian giants. 

Chinese arrivals to Japan fell around 45% in December to roughly 330,000 visitors compared with the previous year. Despite the drop, Japan’s tourism sector reached a record 42.7 million foreign arrivals in 2025, buoyed by travellers from other countries.

China, the world’s largest tourism market, has traditionally been Japan’s largest source of inbound tourists, with visitors spending significantly more than other nationalities. In the first nine months of 2025, almost 7.5 million Chinese tourists arrived.

The February cancellations illustrate how geopolitical friction can ripple through the travel sector, with diplomatic disputes directly impacting commercial flights and tourism flows between two of Asia’s largest economies.

Footage from the fair shows stalls filled with tiny replicas of houses, cars, buildings, money and household goods, as visitors browse, purchase and prepare the miniatures for ceremonial blessings. The objects represent personal wishes, ranging from home ownership to financial stability.

“There are little cars, buildings, and money. So everything you can desire you can buy, and later you smoke it so that a year later it is fulfilled. But there always has to be faith,” said Giovana Quispe, a vendor at the fair.

As part of the Andean ritual, participants light incense, attach miniature accessories to figures and pour alcoholic drinks over statues of Ekeko as offerings while asking for blessings and good fortune. The Alasitas Fair was recognised by UNESCO in 2017 as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Among the most striking elements is an owl sculpture at the entrance, a Zapotec symbol linked to night and death, whose beak partially covers a human face believed to represent the tomb’s occupant. Inside, mural paintings rendered in red, blue, green, white and ochre are now being studied by specialists from Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH).

President Claudia Sheinbaum described the find as the country’s most significant archaeological discovery in a decade, highlighting its exceptional preservation and the cultural and symbolic information it provides about Zapotec society .

While the gesture is second nature in some societies, in others it is reserved for specific relationships or avoided altogether. These differences reflect deeper cultural attitudes towards personal space, intimacy, and social etiquette.

In much of Southern and Western Europe, cheek kissing is woven into everyday social life. Countries such as France, Spain, Italy and Portugal commonly use it as a greeting among friends, relatives and even colleagues.

In France alone, the number of kisses varies by region, ranging from one to four, with no national standard. These variations are so entrenched that locals often instinctively know what is expected based on geography.

Eastern European countries also practise cheek kissing, though it tends to be more restrained and formal, usually limited to two kisses and closer social circles.

Across Latin America, cheek kissing is widely seen as a sign of friendliness rather than intimacy. In countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico, a single cheek kiss is commonly exchanged during introductions and farewells, particularly among women and between men and women.

In Argentina, for example, it is not unusual for even first-time acquaintances to greet each other with a cheek kiss, a practice that often surprises visitors from more reserved cultures.

In parts of the Middle East, cheek kissing plays an important role in greetings among family members and close friends, particularly between people of the same gender. In countries such as Lebanon and Jordan, the gesture is often symbolic, with light cheek contact rather than an actual kiss, emphasising respect and hospitality.

Russia and several neighbouring countries also maintain traditions of cheek kissing within close relationships, although it remains less common in public or professional settings.

However, in many regions, including North America, East Asia, South Asia and large parts of Africa, cheek kissing is not a standard greeting.

Societies in countries such as the United States, Japan and India tend to favour handshakes, bows, nods or verbal greetings instead. Anthropologists point out that these cultures often place greater emphasis on personal space and social boundaries, particularly with people outside one’s immediate circle.

Towering over infantry and cavalry alike, war elephants were deployed for their physical power, psychological impact, and symbolic authority.

These animals played a strategic role in military campaigns for centuries, influencing how wars were fought and how empires expanded.

While there were numerous small-scale and experimental deployments following their introduction around 1100 BC, the presence of war elephants gradually became more structured and strategic, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. There, elephants were trained to charge enemy lines, carry archers or commanders, and instil fear through sheer size and noise.

As military contact increased between civilisations, the practice spread westward. Persian armies were among the first outside South Asia to integrate elephants into organised warfare. This expansion culminated in one of the most significant military encounters of antiquity.

Gaugamela: Europe ’s first encounter with war elephants

The first well-documented conflict involving Europeans and war elephants occurred at the Battle of Gaugamela in October 331 BC. Fought in what is now northern Iraq, the battle pitted Alexander the Great against the Persian king Darius III. Although elephants did not determine the outcome, their presence marked a turning point in European military consciousness.

Ancient sources suggest that the animals caused enough concern for Alexander to take religious precautions before the battle. While his Macedonian army ultimately prevailed, the encounter exposed Greek forces to a form of warfare they had never previously faced, prompting future Hellenistic rulers to adopt elephants themselves.

Following Alexander’s campaigns, war elephants became a prized military asset among his successors. The Seleucid Empire fielded large numbers of elephants sourced from India, while Ptolemaic Egypt developed its own elephant corps.

In the western Mediterranean, Carthage famously employed elephants during the Punic Wars, most notably under Hannibal , whose march across the Alps remains one of the most iconic episodes in military history.

Despite their dramatic impact, elephants were never universally effective. They required extensive training, were difficult to control under stress, and could panic if injured or frightened, sometimes turning against their own troops.

Decline and legacy

By the late classical and early medieval periods, changes in military technology and tactics reduced the battlefield value of war elephants. The rise of disciplined infantry formations, projectile weapons, and eventually firearms made them increasingly vulnerable.

Over time, their role shifted away from frontline combat and into ceremonial, logistical, or symbolic uses.

Still, war elephants shaped ancient military strategy, altered the psychology of warfare, and left a lasting imprint on historical memory.

What began as novelty celebrations has evolved into a structured business involving event planners, designers and pet brands.

Industry data show the scale, and perhaps the rationale, behind the trend. 

China’s urban pet population reached about 120 million in 2024, while spending on dogs and cats exceeded 300 billion yuan ($43 billion), according to the China Pet Industry White Paper. Younger consumers are driving growth, with people born after the 1990s and 2000s making up a large share of pet owners.

Specialist companies have moved quickly to monetise the demand. Firms now offer curated “pet lifestyle” services , from runway shows and outdoor sporting events to ceremonial weddings that replicate human rituals, appealing to owners seeking emotional expression and social connection.

For many Chinese nationals, dog weddings sit at the intersection of consumption and identity. Among urban residents, particularly those living alone or without children, pets have become central emotional anchors, and formalised celebrations provide a sense of meaning and belonging.

More pets than kids

The trend also mirrors broader demographic change. China’s urban pet population has already surpassed the number of children under four, as marriage and birth rates decline and households shrink.

Sociologists describe the phenomenon as part of a wider “symbolic economy ," in which consumption is used to express values and relationships rather than meet practical needs. Pets, once functional animals, have become emotional symbols in city life.

However, there have been criticisms that such ceremonies are excessive, but supporters see them as an innocuous response to modern pressures, offering new forms of social interaction in increasingly fragmented urban communities.

With millions of pet-related businesses now registered nationwide and new firms entering the market each year, industry watchers expect pet events to remain a growth area in China’s expanding lifestyle economy.

The survey, conducted in October, questioned about 13,000 people worldwide.

What’s behind the rise?

Cultural content emerged as the single biggest driver of that rise. 

Nearly half of respondents cited Korean pop culture — including K-pop, dramas and films — as the main factor shaping their positive view of the country, far ahead of economic performance or political influence. The impact was strongest among younger audiences, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region.

Favourability was highest in the Middle East and parts of Asia, led by the United Arab Emirates, Egypt and the Philippines. The UK also recorded one of the largest year-on-year gains, becoming the only European country to score above the global average, the culture ministry said.

The findings reflect the expanding reach of Korea’s cultural exports, which now shape how millions encounter the country for the first time — largely through video platforms and social media . Global stars such as BTS, Blackpink, footballer Son Heung-min and actor Lee Min-ho were named as among the figures most associated with Korea’s positive image.

Korea’s president, Lee Jae Myung, trailed these cultural stars.

In August 2025, another Korean cultural export made global headlines when the animated film “K-Pop Demon Hunters” became Netflix’s top-grossing film , racking up more than 236 million views at the time. 

The film’s namesake soundtrack also claimed four simultaneous spots in the Top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100.

Culture over politics

For Korea,  its international perceptions has now broadened beyond security tensions on the peninsula or idol culture alone, with growing interest in its economy, society and political system. 

At the same time, the survey noted a gap between how Korea is viewed abroad and how Koreans see their own country, as well as lingering concerns about social inclusiveness.

Still, the message from abroad was clear: Korea’s cultural soft power has become one of the most effective image-building tools in the world — turning music, drama and film into a global calling card that continues to reshape how the country is seen.

The display includes embroideries created by 200 artisans from all 32 federal entities, using a wide range of techniques such as cross stitch, drawn thread and pedal loom weaving. Each piece incorporates multiple colours and reflects both ancestral and contemporary textile traditions.

Every state contributed designs linked to local identity, from urban symbols like the Mexico City metro, axolotls and lucha libre masks, to animals regarded as sacred by indigenous communities in regions such as Nayarit.

Guinness World Records validated the exhibition as a first-of-its-kind achievement, confirming that it met all criteria before awarding the title. Organisers said the recognition gives the initiative international visibility, and authorities are considering preserving the entire collection as a single permanent installation at the cultural complex.

Dozens of comparsas moved through the streets accompanied by drums and vibrant costumes, dancing to the rhythms of candombe , a musical and dance tradition recognised by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The sound of percussion echoed across the neighbourhoods, transforming public space into a living stage for collective memory and expression.

Participants and organisers emphasised the role of the drum as a symbol of continuity and resistance. Members of the Ansina Tradición comparsa noted that percussion has been central to preserving African heritage since colonial times, when enslaved communities used music as a way to sustain identity and solidarity. Today, that legacy is passed on as a form of education for younger generations.

The celebration also honours San Baltazar, a figure associated with Afro-descendant devotion in the region. His presence reflects the blending of Catholic traditions with African cultural practices that emerged during the colonial period, reinforcing a distinct Afro-Uruguayan identity that remains visible in music, dance and ritual.

The parade traditionally concludes at the House of Afro-Uruguayan Culture in Palermo, a site of remembrance for communities displaced during the 19th century. Organisers describe the event not only as a cultural celebration, but also as a statement of visibility and belonging, linking Uruguay’s past to ongoing efforts across Latin America to recognise and protect Afro-descendant heritage.

Data from Budget Your Trip indicates that in parts of South, Southeast and Central Asia, travellers can comfortably get by on as little as $23 per day, covering accommodation, food, transport and basic activities.

Kazakhstan and Laos emerge as the cheapest destinations, both averaging around $23 a day. At this level, a traveller can typically afford a simple guesthouse or hostel, eat three local meals, move around using public transport or shared taxis, and still pay entry fees for local sights.

These low costs reflect inexpensive living standards and tourism sectors designed around budget travellers rather than high-end visitors.

Mongolia follows closely with an average daily cost of about 30 dollars. While long distances can make transport more expensive, daily expenses such as accommodation and food remain low, often involving homestays and locally run eateries.

South Asia continues to be one of the best-value regions for travellers. Nepal and India both average just over 40 dollars per day, while Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan range between the mid-50s and low-60s.

At these prices, travellers can usually stay in budget hotels or well-rated guesthouses, eat at local restaurants, travel between cities by bus or train, and visit cultural sites, temples or hiking routes without stretching their budget. In destinations such as India and Nepal, careful planning can even allow for domestic flights or multi-day trekking within this spending range.

Vietnam and Indonesia average in the mid-60s per day, while the Philippines comes in slightly higher at around 73 dollars. These budgets typically cover comfortable hostels or budget hotels, street food with the occasional café meal, local transport or scooter hire, and activities such as city tours or island excursions. In the Philippines, higher transport costs between islands contribute to the higher average.

The contrast becomes clear when compared with Asia’s most expensive destinations. Daily travel costs in places such as the Maldives, Hong Kong and Singapore can reach well into the hundreds, largely due to accommodation prices and service-driven tourism models. In practical terms, what a traveller spends in one day in the Maldives could fund nearly two weeks of travel in Laos or Kazakhstan.

The figures from Budget Your Trip reflect average daily spending by travellers and are intended to represent realistic travel conditions rather than luxury or extreme backpacking. They generally include accommodation, food, local transport and activities, but exclude international flights and visa fees, which vary widely.

In Johor, where many schools have traditionally required neckties and built distinctive identities around them, the change has drawn criticism from some education groups. 

Mohd Ridhwan Othman, chairman of the Malaysian Education Concorde Organisation (Me’Didik), said neckties play a role in cultivating discipline and pride in personal appearance.

“A necktie can help cultivate self-discipline and instill good character in students. Wearing a tie teaches children to take care of their personal appearance, as they carry the image of their school,” he said.

Ridhwan also raised concerns about the timing of the circular, noting that some schools had already purchased ties in bulk ahead of the new academic year. 

In Johor, he said, students typically wear formal uniforms — including ties — only on Mondays, with sports or co-curricular attire on other days.

Others welcomed the move as a practical adjustment to classroom conditions . Vincent D’Silva, president of the Johor English Language Teaching Association, said discipline should not be conflated with uniform accessories.

“Discipline is shaped by values, teaching and example – not by a strip of fabric around the neck,” he said. “In a tropical climate, comfort matters, and learning should never be made harder by unnecessary discomfort.”

Many elements of school formality, including neckties, were adopted from education systems in temperate countries, where climate and infrastructure differ markedly from those in the Global South.

D’Silva said the ministry’s decision refines rather than weakens the uniform system, maintaining school identity while removing an item with limited educational value.

Under the circular dated December 17, schools may still allow neckties if there is mutual agreement with parents, but no student may be compelled or pressured to wear one. 

The policy was approved at the Education Ministry Professional Council’s Special 2025 meeting on December 8.

Signed by Education director-general Dr Mohd Azam Ahmad, the directive leaves schools to determine whether discipline is best reinforced through dress codes — or through teaching and example.