"Through MASAMO, we are strengthening kitchen human resources while encouraging creative industry participation to raise culinary standards and generate tangible local economic impact,” said Creative Economy Minister Teuku Riefky Harsya.

The program targets cooks at Nutrition Fulfillment Service Units (SPPG), providing hands-on training in menu quality, hygiene, ingredient management and nutrition, following National Nutrition Agency standards.

The latest session, held at SPPG Rajabasa 3 in Lampung, involves ministry officials, provincial and city governments, kitchen managers, kitchenware producer Oxone, and MasterChef Indonesia judge Chef Norman Ismail.

Fifty SPPG cooks participated in intensive sessions covering food safety, healthy cooking and efficient operations, equipping them to serve consistent, nutritious meals to beneficiaries.

In an exclusive interview with Global South World , Dadan Hindayana, head of Indonesia’s National Nutrition Agency, said MBG is set to serve nearly 83 million people in just its second year of operations.

This reach already rivals that of major global chains, such as McDonald’s, which has 69 million daily customers.

Hindayana had also said the initiative boosts local economies by employing workers at each service unit and sourcing ingredients from dozens of local suppliers. The program has also proven vital in crisis relief. During recent cyclones and floods , kitchens ramped up production to serve millions of meals efficiently.

Despite early food safety challenges, measures such as certified water use and strict hygiene protocols are reducing incidents, with Rp335 trillion ($20 billion) earmarked for the program in 2026.

The countries at greatest risk in Asia include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand , Uzbekistan and Vietnam.

Asia’s large population , the study noted, makes the region particularly vulnerable. 

"Asia's scale means that when health systems fail, the human cost is immense, and in 21 countries across the region, decades of development gains are now at risk of being reversed," said Deepali Khanna, senior vice president and head of Asia at the Rockefeller Foundation.

“These outcomes are not inevitable, but avoiding them requires country-led financing and resilient, self-reliant systems that can protect the most vulnerable and save lives,” Khanna added.

Children most affected

Millions of lives, the study warned, could be lost if development gains achieved over the last two decades are reversed, with children being especially vulnerable to the effects of a potential aid pullback. 

Without sustained aid, around 5.4 million children under the age of five could die, according to the study.

Dr. Davide Rasella, study coordinator at ISGlobal, said that development assistance is “among the most effective global health interventions available,” adding that withdrawing support now could reverse decades of progress, leading directly to millions of preventable deaths.

Over the past 20 years, aid has saved millions of lives across the 93 countries analysed. 

Child mortality fell by 39%, deaths from HIV/AIDS by 70%, and deaths from malaria and nutritional deficiencies by 56%. Aid has also strengthened healthcare systems and improved preparedness for disease outbreaks.

The study models two scenarios for the period 2025–2030. A mild defunding scenario, with a 10.6 per cent yearly reduction, could result in 9.4 million preventable deaths, including 2.5 million children under five. A severe scenario could see the loss of 22.6 million lives.

The study builds on previous research showing the potential impact of dismantling USAID, which alone could have caused 14 million preventable deaths by 2030. The new analysis includes all OECD donor countries, offering a comprehensive assessment of global aid defunding.

Boko highlighted Africa’s youthful population and Botswana’s enabling environment as key drivers of the continent’s potential. 

“So the opportunities that there are in Botswana, the training, the education, the acquisition of skills, the support, the environment that nurtures them and feeds and fuels their fervent vitality, is what Botswana offers, and what will power Africa. Africa generally is a very young continent. The median age of 19.3, Botswana's median age is 25. And so, with such a population, Africa is poised to rule the world,” he said.

The 56-year-old Boko was sworn in as president of the Southern African nation on November 1, 2024, after a surprising electoral victory that ended the 58-year reign of the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), which had held power since the country’s independence from Britain in 1966.

The panel also included Sierra Leone’s President Julius Maada Bio and Zimbabwe ’s President Emmerson Mnangagwa.

The 2026 edition of the World Governments Summit is taking place from February 3 to 5. The event gathers over 6,000 participants, including more than 35 heads of state and government, 150 government delegations, and over 20 leaders from international and regional organisations. 

Discussions focus on global governance, economic growth, societal wellbeing, urban development, and emerging global trends.

The flagship project of President Prabowo Subianto, the free nutritious meal programme, known by its Indonesian acronym MBG, is already feeding 55 million children , pregnant women and new mothers. Currently the second largest project of its kind in the world, after a similar project in India, it has grown exponentially over the past 12 months by harnessing private partnerships to create nearly 20,000 kitchens around the country.

The man in charge of the project, Dadan Hindayana, told Global South World that the impact was already being felt through higher school attendance rates and a boost to local economies.

"This is a very huge impact to the economy because once a service unit is built, it means 50 people will be joined directly in the service unit as the workers. And then we need one service unit, need a minimum of 15 suppliers for the supply of all materials. Just like rice, eggs, chicken, and so on and so on, vegetable, also fruit. Each day, we need 200 kilograms of rice, 350 kilograms of vegetables, 350 kilograms of fruit and also we need 3,000 eggs."

Each meal station also has its own nutritionist, tasked with finding the best combination of local ingredients to meet nutritional needs — particularly around protein — using locally sourced produce. Teams have even produced recipe books showcasing local cuisine based on their offerings. Each meal is budgeted at 15,000 rupiah, a little under one US dollar, and Dadan says nutritional value is the first priority, but creating meals that children enjoy is also key.

Crisis relief

When the country was hit by a massive cyclone at the end of last year, another benefit of the programme was revealed. With hundreds of thousands of people impacted by severe flooding, the food centres swung into action. Hundreds of kitchens operated at full capacity, producing millions of meals over the past month, he said.

"We already train the people, we have the logistics, and we have infrastructure. When the tragedy comes, we're ready."

With such an ambitious project and such tight timescales, Dadan accepts that some problems were inevitable. The programme has gained media attention as a result of a number of food poisoning incidents. Around half were attributable to the use of unclean water , he says, resulting in a new directive permitting use only of water certified as safe to drink. The rest of the incidents were the result of poor food hygiene processes, according to Dadan, who says that clear operating procedures have now been mandated.

The number of incidents is declining, he reports, and he has pledged to eliminate the problem in 2026.

Dadan said private and public benefactors had been crucial to the success of the programme, but also highlighted Prabowo's insistence on protecting its budget against many competing interests. The project has been allocated Rp335 trillion ($20 billion) for 2026.

By 2026, few governments in the Global South publicly admit it, but many now operate as if the old model no longer applies. The language remains, growth targets, reform agendas, donor frameworks, but the behaviour has changed. Development is no longer about catching up. It is about coping, stabilising, and surviving in a world that no longer offers predictable rewards for doing things “the right way.”

This shift did not begin with a manifesto or conference declaration. It emerged from shock.

A world that broke the model

Between 2020 and 2025, the global system delivered a series of blows that exposed the fragility of development orthodoxy.

The COVID-19 pandemic showed how quickly global supply chains could collapse and how unevenly global solidarity functioned. Vaccines arrived late in much of Africa, despite years of participation in global health frameworks. Countries learned a hard lesson: integration did not guarantee protection.

Then came war-driven inflation, energy shocks, and food insecurity. Sanctions, once portrayed as targeted tools. became blunt instruments with spillover effects far beyond their intended targets. For many African economies, external crises they did not cause became domestic emergencies they had to manage.

Climate extremes added another layer. Floods, droughts, and heatwaves no longer appeared as future risks but as recurring costs. Adaptation replaced mitigation as the urgent priority, even as climate finance remained slow and conditional.

In this environment, the old development bargain began to look hollow. Play by the rules, open your markets, reform your institutions, and prosperity will follow. After 2025, fewer policymakers believed that sequence still held.

The quiet end of 'catching up'

Development thinking was long built around comparison. Income levels, infrastructure density, literacy rates, health outcomes, progress meant closing gaps with advanced economies.

But comparison assumes a stable destination. That assumption has eroded.

Western economies themselves now struggle with ageing populations, political polarisation, infrastructure decay, and fiscal stress. Their development path no longer looks universally desirable, let alone replicable. At the same time, the costs of reaching those benchmarks, environmental damage, social inequality, and external dependence are clearer than ever.

As a result, many countries have stopped measuring success by proximity to an external ideal. Instead, they ask narrower, more immediate questions: Can the lights stay on? Can food move from farms to cities? Can hospitals function under pressure? Can young people find some form of livelihood, even if it is informal?

This is not a resignation. It is recalibration.

Development as functionality

In 2026, development increasingly means functionality rather than transformation.

Power systems do not need to be world-class; they need to be reliable enough to support small businesses, clinics, and households. Healthcare does not need cutting-edge equipment everywhere; it needs trained staff, supply continuity, and referral systems that work under constraint. Transport does not need megaprojects; it needs roads that remain usable during the rainy season.

Across the Global South, especially in Africa , “good enough” solutions are quietly outperforming ambitious master plans.

Mini-grids expand energy access faster than national grid overhauls. Digital health platforms fill gaps left by overstretched public systems. Informal logistics networks move goods more efficiently than formal supply chains burdened by bureaucracy.

Who defines success now?

If development is no longer about meeting Western benchmarks or donor indicators, a deeper question emerges: who decides what progress looks like?

This question unsettles long-standing hierarchies. Global institutions still produce rankings and reports, but their authority is weaker than before. National governments, local communities, and regional blocs increasingly set their own priorities, even when these diverge from international advice.

This creates tension. Functionality may coexist with inequality. Stability may come at the cost of rapid reform. Pragmatism may override ideals.

The post-2025 development landscape does not offer moral clarity. It offers trade-offs.

Not the end, but a reckoning

To say that development has changed is not to say it has ended. People still want better lives, longer health, safer cities, and meaningful work. What has changed is the belief that there is a single, universal path to those outcomes.

In 2026, development is less about becoming something else and more about strengthening what already exists. Less about imitation, more about adaptation. Less about promises, more about systems that hold under pressure.

New support has been announced for rugby development across Samoa, Fiji and Tonga, highlighting the continued importance of the sport to Pacific identity, youth engagement and regional cooperation. The assistance is aimed at strengthening grassroots structures as well as elite pathways, ensuring that rugby continues to provide opportunities for social development, international representation and economic activity across the three island nations.

Veteran journalist raises concerns over Samoa’s proposed media rules

A senior journalist in Samoa, Autagavaia Tipi Autagavaia, has publicly questioned proposed changes to media regulations, warning that they could have implications for press freedom and journalistic independence. The concerns centre on how the new rules may affect reporting standards, oversight and the ability of the media to operate without undue restriction, sparking broader debate about transparency and democratic safeguards in the country.

Prime Minister calls for human rights to be part of everyday life in Samoa

Samoa’s Prime Minister La’aulialemalietoa Leuatea Polataivao Fosi Schmidt has urged citizens and institutions to treat human rights not as abstract principles but as values embedded in daily life. The call emphasises respect, inclusion and accountability across society, reinforcing the government’s commitment to aligning national development with fundamental rights and social justice.

Samoa releases its updated national climate plan

The Samoan government has released an updated national climate plan, outlining revised strategies to address climate change, resilience and sustainability. The plan reflects the country’s vulnerability to rising sea levels and extreme weather, while setting out policy priorities for adaptation, emissions reduction and international climate cooperation.

Prime minister meets with doctors and nurses on health sector priorities

The Prime Minister La’aulialemalietoa Leuatea Polataivao Fosi Schmidt has held discussions with doctors and nurses to address key issues within Samoa’s health sector. The meeting focused on workforce conditions, service delivery and strengthening healthcare systems, underscoring the government’s focus on improving public health outcomes and supporting frontline medical professionals.

Any process of renewal begins with clarity. President Tshisekedi, now in his second term, has never attempted to downplay the challenges facing the country.

Speaking on December 8, 2025, at the Palais du Peuple in Kinshasa before all of the country’s constitutional institutions, he was explicit about the scale and nature of the violence still afflicting eastern Congo. He described it as a “proxy war of aggression” led by neighbouring Rwanda, despite the Washington agreements—an unusually direct and politically frank characterisation in the region.

This clarity is more than rhetorical. It provides the basis for a more structured response. On the ground, the Congolese armed forces are undergoing deep reforms: command structures are being reorganised, professionalisation has accelerated, smuggling networks are being targeted, and the police are being reformed. Stability remains elusive, but the State is no longer merely reacting. It is reorganising, reasserting itself, and embracing its core responsibility: protecting its territory and its people.

Congo’s return to international diplomacy

The second major shift is diplomatic. For many years, the DRC was sidelined in international forums and often excluded from decisions that directly affected its future. That period appears to be coming to an end.

Congo’s election to the United Nations Security Council by an overwhelming majority, its leadership of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region, and UN resolutions explicitly condemning Rwandan aggression all point to a strong re-entry onto the multilateral stage. The Washington agreement with Kigali has not resolved every issue, and President Tshisekedi himself has acknowledged continued violations. But the key point is clear: the DRC is no longer isolated or diplomatically unheard.

This repositioning gives Congo new leverage in debates on regional security , strategic minerals, and climate justice.

Economic stabilisation reshaping the political landscape

Signs of renewal are also visible in the economy. Against the backdrop of conflict in the east and global uncertainty, macroeconomic stabilisation sends a powerful signal. Inflation has fallen to historically low levels, the Congolese franc has stabilised, foreign exchange reserves have increased, and growth has outpaced the regional average. These figures may be debated, but they are grounded in reality.

More importantly, they are producing concrete political effects. Fuel prices have declined, purchasing power has improved for certain essential goods, and budget discipline has strengthened. Gradually, the State is rebuilding trust with the population. While Congo remains heavily dependent on mining , the image of an economy spinning out of control no longer aligns with observable trends.

Infrastructure, public services , and a new governing approach

Another indicator of renewal is the push to rebuild the State through infrastructure and public services. Agricultural roads, national transport corridors, energy projects, ports, and airports are underway on a large scale, though progress remains uneven. The Local Development Program for 145 territories has faced delays—some of them serious—which the President has acknowledged openly.

What stands out, however, is the emergence of a corrective approach: contract clean-ups, tighter operational oversight, and a clearer prioritisation of projects. Where fragmentation once prevailed, the State is now seeking to steer, adjust, and be accountable. This emphasis on method is itself a meaningful political signal.

Climate policy as a tool of sovereignty and development

Congo’s climate strategy further reflects this new posture. The Kinshasa–Kisangani–Goma Green Corridor is not framed as a purely environmental initiative. Instead, it integrates security concerns, rural development, infrastructure, and economic sovereignty.

The message is unambiguous: the DRC accepts its role as a global climate solution, but it will no longer bear that responsibility at its own expense. Protecting forests, biodiversity, and peatlands requires real financing, technology transfers, and political recognition commensurate with their global importance.

A fragile but increasingly clear trajectory

Nothing is settled. Violence persists in the east, bureaucratic inertia remains, and social expectations—particularly among young people—are immense. Yet a profound shift is underway.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo no longer sees itself as permanently trapped in crisis. Step by step, it is moving toward a stronger State, a more stable economy, and a more assertive international role. When President Tshisekedi concluded his address by saying that “darkness will not reign forever,” it was no longer mere rhetoric. It reflected a growing and increasingly credible vision of a Congolese renewal in progress.

Stakeholders in Seychelles are navigating the ongoing tension between administrative processes and the nation’s development ambitions. Discussions continue around how best to maintain institutional rigour while ensuring that reforms and initiatives move forward at a pace aligned with the country’s socio-economic priorities.

National Assembly passes supplementary budget

The Seychelles National Assembly has approved a supplementary budget, signalling adjustments to existing fiscal allocations in response to evolving national needs. The passage of this budget underscores the government’s intent to address emerging priorities and to realign resources to support pressing policy commitments.

Seychelles Aquatic Federation elects new executive committee for 2025–29

The Seychelles Aquatic Federation has officially elected a new executive committee that will serve from 2025 to 2029. This leadership transition marks a significant step for the country's aquatic sports governance, shaping the strategic direction and development agenda for competitive and recreational aquatic activities over the next four years.

Seychelles strengthens circular economy links at Turkey forum

Seychelles strengthened international cooperation on sustainable waste management at the Global Zero Waste Forum in Istanbul, where an LWMA delegation advanced partnerships to support the country’s shift to a circular economy. As one of the few SIDS invited, Seychelles underscored its growing global role, with a key outcome being an MoU between LWMA and the Zero Waste Foundation to collaborate on policy development, capacity building, pilot projects, research, marine protection, and circular-economy initiatives.

Prime Minister Jeremiah Manele participated in the Western Day celebration, underscoring the cultural importance of the event and its role in strengthening provincial and national identity. His attendance signals the government’s continued effort to honour provincial traditions while reinforcing unity across the Solomon Islands. The celebration offered a platform for community leaders and residents to showcase their history, achievements and aspirations, placing Western Province at the centre of national cultural conversation.

Prime Minister acknowledges Western Province’s vital role in national growth and unity

In a separate address, Prime Minister Manele recognised Western Province as a key contributor to the Solomon Islands’ economic development and national cohesion. He highlighted the province’s strategic importance, emphasising its contributions to fisheries, tourism and inter-island commerce. The acknowledgement reflects ongoing government priorities to support provincial development and encourage inclusive national growth. It also signals the administration’s intention to maintain strong engagement with the country’s largest and most economically active provinces as part of its broader unity agenda.

Prime Minister Manele farewells Australian High Commissioner H.E. Hilton

Prime Minister Manele formally farewelled outgoing Australian High Commissioner H.E. Hilton, marking a significant diplomatic moment in the Solomon Islands–Australia relationship. The farewell underscores the importance of bilateral ties, with Australia remaining one of the Solomon Islands’ closest development and security partners. Discussions during the farewell highlighted cooperation in areas such as infrastructure, policing, disaster preparedness and education. The transition comes at a time when Pacific diplomacy is intensifying, and maintaining strong relations with traditional partners remains essential for the Solomon Islands’ strategic and economic interests.

PM Manele commends recipients of Japan’s Royal Decorations and celebrates enduring Solomon Islands–Japan partnership

Prime Minister Manele also extended commendation to the recipients of Japan’s Royal Decorations, celebrating individuals whose contributions have strengthened ties between the Solomon Islands and Japan. In his remarks, the prime minister emphasised the enduring nature of the partnership, which includes cooperation in infrastructure, maritime security, education and health. The recognition of the honourees reflects the broader diplomatic respect between both nations and Japan’s ongoing role in the Solomon Islands’ development trajectory. This moment further reinforces the country’s commitment to nurturing long-term partnerships that support national resilience and growth.

What they said

Alemu Sime, PhD, Minister of Transport and Logistics, stated that "The Railway Academy will provide efficient transportation services by establishing a modern railway infrastructure to connect the country’s major development centres and all neighbouring countries." Ethiopian Railways Corporation (ERC) The Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer, Hlina Belachew (eng.), also added that "This is a crucial day in the journey of every great institution, when key moments and visions are transformed into reality; this groundbreaking ceremony is a foundation for knowledge, innovation, and the growth of Ethiopian and East African railways."

This year, all nations are expected to submit their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) outlining their strategies for cutting greenhouse gas emissions to help meet the global goal of limiting temperature increases to 1.5ºC and preparing for the effects of climate change. The NDCs are revised every five years in accordance with the Paris Agreement.

However, Jusper Machogu, a 30-year-old farmer from Kisii, Kenya , questions the morality and fairness of rich countries, asking Africa to abstain from the very path they used to industrialise.

Machogu, a prominent advocate for the use of fossil fuels in Africa through his social media, presents a counter-narrative—one he says is grounded in the lived experiences of many Africans and shaped by a critique of international climate policy dynamics.

 “Why should Africa stop exploring fossil fuels?" he questioned. "There is no country that has developed using solar and wind. Every developed country is literally burning a lot of oil, coal, and natural gas,” Jusper told Global South World.

He suggests that Africa be given a century-long window to use its fossil fuel resources to lift itself out of poverty before committing to a full transition.

 “We can listen to them once we beat poverty and hunger in Africa—maybe by 2100. That is when we should stop burning fossil fuels, after ensuring every other person in Africa is fed, housed, and has access to water and energy.”

Africa contributes just 4% of the world's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, both in absolute and per capita terms.

Machogu points out the global inequality in energy consumption, highlighting the stark gap between Africa and developed nations.

“The US consumes about 20 million barrels of oil per day. Their population is 330 million people. Africa consumes 4 million barrels per day—our population is 1.5 billion people.”

 “Why should those people expect me to care about the climate?” he questions.

This imbalance, he argues, disqualifies the moral authority of developed nations to lecture Africa on its energy choices.

While renewable energy dominates global discussions, he argues that most of Africa already uses "renewable" sources—but not the kind typically promoted.

 “Almost 90% of our energy in sub-Saharan Africa is from biomass—cow dung, firewood, charcoal, crop residue. That is it.”

He distinguishes between real energy needs and electricity, arguing that the conversation around solar and wind often misses the point.

 “When they say renewable energy, they’re referring to solar and wind. But solar and wind only produce electricity. They cannot run industries, they cannot power transportation... Our energy needs are far broader.”

Africa has historically made much larger investments in fossil fuel infrastructure than in renewable energy initiatives. In the region, solar and wind projects received only $1 USD for every $3 USD invested in fossil fuel power plants between 2015 and 2024. But for the first time in Sub-Saharan Africa's history, investments in wind and solar energy exceeded those in fossil fuels in 2023. 

Leaders set a goal last year to raise $1.3 trillion a year from all international sources to support climate action in developing nations by 2035.

It is pledges like this that he says have fuelled African leaders into chasing green funds for political gain. 

“The green energy industry has got a lot of money... Of course, African leaders are going to say, 'we want solar and wind'—that is what gives them funds. But they’re not doing it for the people.”

President Shavkat Mirziyoyev has directed all regional and district governors to begin submitting monthly public reports on their work. The order is intended to improve transparency and keep local officials accountable to the public. This move reflects the administration’s ongoing governance reforms aimed at decentralisation and civic engagement, ensuring that regional leaders stay in closer touch with citizens’ needs and development goals.

New governors appointed across multiple districts and cities

A series of new gubernatorial appointments have been announced in several regions and cities across Uzbekistan. The reshuffle is designed to strengthen leadership and improve socio-economic management at the local level. The government says the changes are part of a broader push to modernise governance structures, empower regional administrations, and align local strategies with national development targets.

New appointments to presidential advisory team

President Mirziyoyev has also made changes within his advisory circle. Ravshan Gulyamov and Aziz Magrupov have been appointed to new roles, focusing on regional and economic development. Their inclusion in the presidential advisory team underscores the government’s intent to streamline policy implementation and attract investment while ensuring sustainable regional growth.

Another governor dismissed in Navoi region

Leadership changes continue in the Navoi region, where a previous governor was dismissed amid ongoing administrative restructuring. Alisher Rashidov has been appointed as the new regional governor. The government has not disclosed the reasons behind the dismissal, but the decision fits into the wider pattern of leadership accountability initiatives rolled out by Mirziyoyev’s administration in recent months.

Deputy Azizova calls for life imprisonment for pedophiles

A powerful debate on child protection laws is gaining traction in Uzbekistan following remarks by Deputy Azizova, who declared that “pedophiles must be punished with life imprisonment.” Her comments have received significant public support, with citizens and advocacy groups urging tougher legal measures against sexual violence involving minors. The proposal aligns with Uzbekistan’s ongoing legal reforms aimed at strengthening justice and social protection systems.

Malaita Province has unveiled an ambitious roadmap titled Malaita 2026–2030: The Path to Autonomy & Prosperity , signalling a renewed push for greater self-governance and economic independence. The initiative aims to tackle decades of underdevelopment and government neglect, positioning the province to control more of its resources and decision-making processes. The plan emphasises sustainable economic growth, better infrastructure, and local empowerment, marking a pivotal moment in the Solomon Islands’ ongoing discussions on decentralisation and regional equity.

Youth apprenticeship programme launched to tackle anti-social behaviour

A new youth apprenticeship programme has been launched in Malaita Province as part of efforts to address rising anti-social behaviour and unemployment among young people. Transparency Solomon Islands, a key advocacy group, used the occasion to highlight broader concerns about corruption and the misuse of funds. The organisation urged political leaders to focus on integrity, equitable resource allocation, and transparency to ensure that young people benefit directly from development programs rather than being left behind. The initiative is expected to serve as both a skills-building platform and a tool for social cohesion. News Briefs 23.10

Solomon Islands wins bid to host 2026 Tourism Ministers’ Meeting

In a significant boost to its international profile, the Solomon Islands has secured the right to host the 2026 Council of Tourism Ministers’ Meeting. The event is expected to draw delegates from across the Pacific, providing a valuable opportunity to showcase the nation’s natural beauty and tourism potential. Officials expect the meeting to generate economic activity, particularly for the hospitality and transport sectors, while also fostering discussions around aviation and regional connectivity challenges that have long constrained the tourism industry. News Briefs 23.10

Government developing policy for mining environmental bonds

The Solomon Islands Ministry of Mines has announced work on a new policy requiring mining companies to pay environmental bonds. The move addresses existing gaps in the nation’s mining regulations, which currently lack enforceable provisions for environmental accountability. The proposed bond system aims to ensure companies take financial responsibility for ecological restoration after project completion, aligning with global best practices in sustainable resource management. Authorities hope the policy will promote responsible mining and strengthen environmental protection standards across the country.

The latest rankings show China dominating the list of the world’s longest bridges, while smaller nations like Bahrain continue to prove that strategic infrastructure can matter just as much as size.

According to recent data compiled by World Visualized , the Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge in China remains the longest bridge on Earth, stretching an astonishing 164.8 kilometres.

It’s followed closely by the Changhua–Kaohsiung Viaduct at 157.3 kilometres and the Tianjin Grand Bridge at 113.7 kilometres, all part of China’s high-speed rail network. These mega-projects, which took years to complete, are celebrated not just for their scale but for their role in supporting one of the world’s busiest transportation systems.

But while China leads in sheer length, other regions are investing strategically in connectivity. The King Fahad Causeway, for instance, remains one of the Middle East ’s most important links. Spanning 25 kilometres, it connects Bahrain and Saudi Arabia across the Gulf of Bahrain. Since opening in 1986, it has transformed trade, tourism, and the labour movement between the two kingdoms

The Kingdom of Bahrain, though small, continues to prioritise high-impact infrastructure . The Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications (MTT) outlines in its vision that transport is central to achieving Bahrain’s Economic Vision 2030, a national strategy aimed at sustainable development and diversified growth.

From roads and bridges to ports and smart mobility systems, Bahrain is positioning itself as a Gulf logistics hub rather than competing for the world’s longest spans.

Among Bahrain’s notable projects is Durrat Al Bahrain, a luxury island development featuring 13 bridges totalling 3.5 kilometres. These bridges may be modest in length compared to Asia’s megastructures, but they represent a commitment to modern urban design and connectivity within the kingdom.

Beyond what already exists, Bahrain’s strategic location continues to attract regional transport investments. The long-discussed Qatar–Bahrain Causeway, projected to stretch about 40 kilometres, could soon become one of the world’s longest sea bridges. Once completed, it would link Bahrain directly to Qatar, easing travel, enhancing trade, and strengthening regional cooperation.

According to Goldman Sachs’ long-term projections , the world’s largest economies will no longer be dominated by Western powers. Instead, countries like China, India, Indonesia, and Nigeria are expected to lead a multipolar global order defined by demographic strength, industrial expansion, and technological adoption.

Goldman Sachs’ “Path to 2075” report forecasts that China will remain the world’s largest economy with a projected GDP of about $57 trillion, followed by India at $52.5 trillion, and the United States at $51.5 trillion.

Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan are also set to break into the top ranks, overtaking traditional Western powers like Germany and the United Kingdom. The rest of the top ten includes Egypt, Brazil, Germany, and Mexico, underscoring a powerful geographic shift toward the Global South.

The report highlights that while global growth is likely to slow from 3.2% before the pandemic to about 2.8% in the coming decades, emerging markets will continue to close the gap. This “convergence” is driven by improving productivity, capital investment, and favourable demographics.

In contrast, advanced economies face ageing populations, slowing innovation, and reduced labour force growth. Goldman Sachs notes that U.S. economic dominance, which shaped much of the twentieth century, is unlikely to repeat in the twenty-first.

In practical terms, this means the next 50 years will see a gradual eastward and southward shift in global influence. As emerging economies mature, global inequality between countries is projected to shrink, even as inequality within countries may rise.

The new economic leaders will need to balance rapid industrialisation with sustainable development, good governance, and investment in education and infrastructure to sustain growth.

Current global developments already hint at this transformation. The IMF recently raised India’s growth forecast for 2025–26 to 6.6%, reaffirming its position as the fastest-growing major economy despite trade frictions with the U.S.

At the same time, economists suggest China may have reached its economic peak, as ageing demographics and waning productivity start to weigh on growth. Meanwhile, the IMF’s latest global outlook forecasts world GDP growth at 3.2% for 2025, citing easing tariffs but warning of renewed U.S.-China trade tensions.

For Africa, the inclusion of Nigeria as the world’s fifth-largest economy by 2075 signals a remarkable opportunity. With its youthful population and growing digital economy, Nigeria and, by extension, the wider continent, could become a major engine of global growth.

For Ghana and other regional economies, aligning with this momentum through investment in intra-African trade, infrastructure, and innovation could unlock unprecedented economic potential.

Expected to reach 1,000 metres (3,281 feet), the tower embodies Saudi Arabia’s growing ambition to reshape its cities and diversify its economy under Vision 2030.

According to The Times of India , the project represents not just an architectural milestone but also a statement of national intent and economic transformation.

Originally known as the Kingdom Tower, the project began in 2013 as part of the larger Jeddah Economic City development, a planned urban hub combining residential, commercial, and cultural spaces north of Jeddah.

After several pauses due to financial and logistical challenges, construction is back on track, with recent updates indicating the tower has reached around its 70th floor. Engineers now estimate completion around 2028, marking a long-awaited revival of one of the most ambitious architectural projects in history: Dubai's Burj Khalifa.

Once finished, the Jeddah Tower will house luxury apartments, office spaces, a world-class hotel, observation decks, and retail areas, making it a vertical city in itself.

Its sleek, aerodynamic design and triangular base are engineered to withstand high wind speeds and reduce structural stress, a necessity for a building of such scale. The project’s innovative design and sustainability features also position it as a model for future mega-tall skyscrapers.

Globally, the Jeddah Tower’s construction signals a new era of competition among cities eager to redefine skylines and attract investment. It also reflects a broader shift toward bold infrastructure projects across the Middle East — a region investing heavily in diversification beyond oil.

Saudi Arabia’s $7 billion Land Bridge rail project , announced this month, will soon link Jeddah and Riyadh in under four hours, further showcasing the Kingdom’s push toward connectivity and modernisation.

Omani women continue to thrive under laws and policies that ensure equality and empowerment across sectors. The government has implemented initiatives promoting women’s participation in leadership, business, and education, reflecting Oman’s commitment to gender equity. On Omani Women’s Day, officials reaffirmed that women now occupy key positions in government, diplomacy, and entrepreneurship, a testament to decades of progress and policy reform.

Oman and the UK explore new avenues for economic cooperation

Oman and the United Kingdom are deepening economic and trade relations by exploring new areas of collaboration. Discussions have focused on green energy, infrastructure, technology, and financial services as both nations seek to expand mutual investments. The partnership aims to enhance Oman’s economic diversification goals under Vision 2040 while providing British businesses with strategic access to Gulf and Asian markets.

Oman to host new World Bank Group office

The World Bank Group announced that it will establish a new regional office in Oman, a move that underscores the Sultanate’s growing importance as an economic and financial hub in the Gulf. The office will serve as a base for cooperation on development initiatives, sustainable finance, and capacity-building projects across the Middle East and North Africa. Omani officials hailed this as a milestone that strengthens international confidence in the nation’s governance and fiscal reforms.

Agreements inked to localise projects in Khazaen Economic City worth over $718.9 million

Oman signed several agreements to localise major industrial and logistical projects in Khazaen Economic City, with investments exceeding OMR 276 million ($718.9 million). These projects span manufacturing, food processing, and logistics, aiming to create thousands of jobs for Omanis and boost local value chains. The initiative aligns with the national strategy to reduce import dependence, support SMEs, and transform Khazaen into a central node for regional commerce.

China and Oman join hands to promote the development of women’s causes

China and Oman have pledged to cooperate in advancing women’s development and empowerment. The collaboration includes sharing expertise in education, entrepreneurship, and community programs that enhance women’s participation in national development. Both countries highlighted the importance of cultural exchange and policy coordination to ensure that gender equality remains central to sustainable progress.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) classifies economies mainly as advanced or emerging, or developing based on income, industrialisation, and integration into the global financial system.

Meanwhile, the United Nations (UN) tracks the world’s Least Developed Countries (LDCs), nations facing the toughest structural barriers to growth. According to the UN’s 2024 list, 44 countries currently fall into this category, most of them in Africa and Asia.

LDC status depends on three main criteria: low income per capita, weak human capital (education, health, nutrition), and high vulnerability to external shocks such as conflict, climate disasters, or market fluctuations.

While many middle-income and developing nations have made progress in poverty reduction, the gap between rich and poor countries remains significant.

The map reflects this divide clearly. Developed nations, concentrated in North America, Western Europe, East Asia, and Oceania, enjoy strong institutions, diversified economies, and advanced industries.

Developing countries, stretching across Latin America, Asia, and parts of Africa, are experiencing rapid but uneven growth. Least developed countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia, continue to struggle with fragile economies and dependence on commodity exports.

These classifications are not merely academic. They shape access to international aid, trade privileges, and debt relief. LDCs, for instance, qualify for special trade preferences under the World Trade Organisation’s “Everything But Arms” initiative and receive concessional loans from global institutions.

But the boundaries between categories are shifting. The IMF’s 2025 World Economic Outlook highlights that several developing nations, including Vietnam, India, and Kenya, are seeing sustained growth and digital transformation that could accelerate their graduation from lower-income status.

Still, global inequality remains stubborn. The G20, meeting in October 2025, reaffirmed that developing nations’ debt burdens remain one of the biggest threats to stability, urging wealthier economies to maintain relief and restructuring programs.

Despite these challenges, there are signs of progress. Several LDCs are on track to graduate from the UN’s list in the next decade, including Angola and Bangladesh, after years of steady economic growth and investment in education.

In a significant show of political cooperation, President Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah and the All People’s Party (APP) have agreed to strengthen collaboration aimed at advancing Namibia’s socio-economic development agenda. The leaders highlighted shared priorities such as poverty reduction, youth empowerment, and equitable access to resources. This partnership underscores a growing recognition among Namibian political actors that cross-party alliances are essential to achieving long-term national goals. Observers see the collaboration as a strategic move that could consolidate stability ahead of the 2025 elections, signalling a shift toward a more consensus-driven political culture in the country.

President Nandi-Ndaitwah meets IPC leadership to foster dialogue

Continuing her outreach efforts, President Nandi-Ndaitwah met with leaders of the Independent Patriots for Change (IPC) to discuss strategies for inclusive governance and sustainable development. The meeting focused on aligning national development programs with community needs, especially in rural and underserved regions. Both sides emphasised the importance of transparency, accountability, and social cohesion. Analysts view this as part of the President’s broader effort to bridge political divides and ensure that diverse voices contribute to policymaking. The talks also reflected a deepening culture of political consultation that could define the early phase of Nandi-Ndaitwah’s administration.

Namibia and GCF to boost funding for youth climate projects

Namibia has announced a strategic collaboration with the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to expand financing for youth-led climate action initiatives. The partnership aims to empower young entrepreneurs and innovators developing sustainable solutions in renewable energy, waste management, and agriculture. President Nandi-Ndaitwah hailed the agreement as a landmark opportunity to align Namibia’s development agenda with its environmental commitments. The initiative also seeks to position Namibia as a regional leader in green innovation, supporting the country’s efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change while driving youth employment and capacity-building programs.

Procurement bill sparks corruption concerns, warns IPPR

The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) has raised alarms about the government’s proposed procurement bill, warning that it could inadvertently create loopholes for corruption if not carefully revised. The IPPR’s report argues that certain provisions may reduce oversight and transparency in public spending, particularly in state contracts. Civil society organisations have echoed these concerns, urging the government to consult widely before finalising the bill. The Ministry of Finance, however, maintains that the legislation will modernise procurement systems and improve efficiency. The debate highlights a growing public demand for accountability as Namibia continues to reform its governance frameworks.

ECN awards 2025 election ballot paper contract to South African firm

The Electoral Commission of Namibia (ECN) has awarded the 2025 national election ballot paper printing contract to a South African firm, a decision that has generated both interest and scrutiny. The ECN explained that the choice followed a transparent tender process and that the selected company demonstrated the capacity to meet security and delivery standards. Critics, however, have questioned the reliance on a foreign firm for such a sensitive task, suggesting that the government should prioritise local capability development. The ECN has defended its decision, assuring the public that all necessary measures will be taken to guarantee electoral integrity and efficiency.

“Major national projects and social programmes should not be in conflict or competition, as long as the objective is to advance the country and elevate people's standard of living ,” he said, adding, “This responsibility lies not only with the government but with everyone, especially you, the parliamentarians, as representatives of the citizens.” 

Referencing his previous Throne Speech, King Mohammed VI reiterated the need for a new phase in Morocco’s transformation, “the march of emerging Morocco.” He called for accelerated territorial development programmes that transcend electoral cycles and political mandates.

“We aspire that everyone benefits from the fruits of growth and equal opportunities,” he said, highlighting the importance of political, economic, and social rights for all Moroccans. 

The King further demanded targeted support for Morocco’s most vulnerable areas, particularly the mountainous regions and oases, which comprise nearly one-third of the national territory.

President William Ruto has made a passionate appeal to Kenya’s young population, urging them to take an active role in shaping the country’s future by registering as voters ahead of the 2027 general elections. Speaking at a national youth forum, Ruto emphasised that the youth form the largest demographic block and, therefore, have the power to redefine Kenya’s political destiny. He highlighted that political apathy among young people undermines their ability to influence governance and economic policy. The President encouraged youth to rise above frustration and scepticism, asserting that meaningful change can only come through democratic participation. He also promised to address the systemic barriers preventing youth registration, such as limited access to national identification cards and logistical challenges in remote areas.

Matiang’i now formally declares joining Jubilee Party

Former Interior Cabinet Secretary Fred Matiang’i has formally joined the Jubilee Party, marking his official entry into partisan politics after months of speculation. Matiang’i’s move is seen as a significant development in Kenya’s evolving political landscape, especially given his past reputation as a technocrat and public service reformer. During his declaration, he expressed his commitment to revitalising Jubilee’s grassroots structures and contributing to national unity through policy-based politics. His entry has been welcomed by sections of the party leadership who view him as a capable organiser with a strong administrative background. Political analysts, however, note that his decision may also be a strategic step toward positioning himself for a larger political role in the run-up to the 2027 elections. Matiang’i assured supporters that his focus remains on governance, integrity, and service delivery.

Kenya losing billions annually to graft and state capture, says AfDB

A new report by the African Development Bank (AfDB) has revealed that Kenya continues to lose billions of shillings annually to corruption and entrenched systems of state capture. The findings paint a grim picture of systemic inefficiencies, fraudulent procurement practices, and misuse of public funds that have eroded economic progress. The AfDB warned that corruption remains one of the greatest obstacles to sustainable development and foreign investment in Kenya. It urged the government to strengthen institutional accountability, improve transparency in public spending, and enforce anti-graft laws with greater consistency. The report further recommended empowering oversight bodies such as the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) and enhancing judicial independence to ensure that corruption cases are prosecuted effectively. The revelations have reignited public debate about governance reforms and the government’s political will to address corruption at the highest levels.

The ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development's head of Research and Strategic Planning, MacDonald Goanue told Global South World

An immediate problem for the bank has been that it has had to delay the sale of Eurobonds: “Because of the geopolitical situation and rising tariffs in the United States, the cost of funding has gone up,” Goanue said in an exclusive interview at the Crans Montana Forum. “Given the fact that we are a non-investment-grade bank, we are waiting to see how the market cools down before we can go.”

For Goanue, this is not a problem confined to EBID. It reflects a deeper flaw in the international financial architecture. Credit rating agencies, he argues, apply methodologies that “tend to punish” African countries because of structural factors - security risks, low per-capita incomes, shallow domestic markets - that are hard to change overnight. When West African regional entities try to raise capital, they end up paying nine or ten percent interest - sometimes even 12 percent - far higher than institutions elsewhere.

While a major part of the answer lies in debt forgiveness, countries can also improve their situations but developing deeper domestic capital markets, he argued. However he cautioned against following artificial deadlines for the introduction of a single currency - the Eco is still official slated for 2027.

"I think the leadership of ECOWAS is playing cautious, because they want to be sure that they don't want to go into an arrangement tomorrow that will collapse," he said, adding that intraregional trade only accounted for perhaps 8 percent within the block against 77 percent in the euro area prior to the introduction of the Euro.

Powering growth

Against this backdrop, EBID’s core mission is to finance infrastructure—especially energy. Access to electricity in West Africa is among the lowest in the world, a bottleneck that constrains industrialisation, raises costs for basic services, and feeds inflation. Nigeria, the region’s largest economy, still faces enormous deficits in power supply, while only a few countries like Cape Verde and Côte d’Ivoire have relatively high coverage.

Goanue, himself Liberian, paints a vivid picture: without reliable electricity, shops close at sunset, hospital services cost more to run, and even banks struggle with overheads. “With electricity access, there will be a 24-hour economy,” he said. “Small businesses can stay open later, people feel safer, and factories can be powered. It will create the entrepreneurial spirit.”

EBID has already financed power plants in Benin, Togo, and Côte d’Ivoire and is seeking to increase its footprint in Nigeria. One flagship example is the Maria Glater plant in Benin, which the bank has supported. Yet the scale of the challenge is immense, and Goanue is cautious about promising big breakthroughs in the next 12 months. “It takes time,” he said, noting that the bank also funds connecting roads and other infrastructure that underpin regional trade.

Climate considerations

How does EBID square this urgent need for energy with global pressure to shift away from fossil fuels? Goanue admits it is not easy. “It’s not possible to end investment in fossil fuels immediately,” he said. Nigeria’s budget, for example, still relies heavily on oil revenues, and new discoveries are seen as good news by African governments. EBID does have environmental, social, and governance (ESG) policies, and most of its member states subscribe to the Paris Climate Accord, but Goanue emphasises that transition will take time. “There is a way you can make these things clean,” he said. “We want to invest into clean energy, but we have to balance it.”

Managing a split

Guanoe is evidently proud of his institutions pragamtic approach to the biggest challenge ECOWAS has faced in recent times - the departure or Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger - reducing the bloc's membership to twelve. With major major exposure in these states - about 23 percent of its portfolio or more than $200 million - the bank has resisted pressure to pull out completely.

Instead, the bank has persuaded ECOWAS leaders to let it continue disbursing funds for ongoing projects and to keep staff from these countries in place. Goanue likens the approach to how British citizens were treated in EU institutions after Brexit. “We are careful and circumspect to ensure that our facilities are repaid,” he said. Burkina Faso has stayed current on its restructured repayments, Mali has restarted payments, and Niger is making token transfers despite fiscal stress.

This pragmatic stance is driven by economic as much as political logic. If EBID simply withdrew, non-performing loans would spike, undermining its own creditworthiness and pushing up borrowing costs further. In addition, nobody benefits if projects already paid for are not completed.

A brighter future

Despite the obstacles, Goanue remains optimistic. West Africa’s population exceeds 480 million—roughly the size of the European Union —but its GDP is only around $700 billion, and per-capita incomes and banking penetration are low. Building deeper domestic markets, harmonising regulations, and moving toward a single currency are all on the agenda.

What gives him hope is demographics. The region’s average age is under 20, offering a potential “youth dividend” if the right investments in capacity and infrastructure are made.

Iran and Russia signed a comprehensive strategic partnership treaty in Moscow on January 17, 2025, formalising deeper cooperation across political, security, and economic sectors. The agreement, signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, commits both countries to long-term collaboration in regional security and international coordination. It also emphasises joint efforts within multilateral organisations and support for a multipolar world order.

Iran prepares plan to counter possible UN sanctions snapback

Iranian government spokeswoman Fatemeh Mohajerani said that President Masoud Pezeshkian’s administration has finalised a plan to address the potential reimposition of United Nations sanctions. Speaking after a cabinet meeting, Mohajerani noted that Tehran had anticipated multiple scenarios regarding the snapback mechanism and developed measures accordingly. She added that the plan will be formally approved on Sunday.

Iran and Pakistan to deepen cooperation amid regional developments

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi and Pakistani Foreign Minister Senator Mohammad Ishaq Dar held a phone conversation on Thursday to review bilateral ties and regional issues. Both sides reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening cooperation at the bilateral level and within multilateral platforms, while emphasising the need for continued diplomatic efforts to promote peace and security in the region.

Iran calls for sanctions on Israel over alleged genocide in Gaza

Ali Bahraini, Iran’s Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the UN Office in Geneva, urged the Human Rights Council on Thursday to impose immediate and comprehensive sanctions on Israel, citing what he described as an ongoing genocide in the Gaza Strip. Speaking at the Council’s 60th session, which reviewed a report on corporate activity in Israeli settlements, Bahraini referred to the International Court of Justice advisory opinion and the findings of the UN Commission of Inquiry, both of which point to violations of Palestinian rights. He accused Western governments of complicity in Israel’s actions and stressed that states party to the Genocide Convention are obliged to prevent and punish genocide.

Iran urges UN Security Council to grant Palestine full membership

Iran’s Ambassador to the United Nations, Amir Saeid Iravani, has called on the Security Council to approve Palestine’s full membership and recognise it as a sovereign state. Addressing a General Assembly session on the use of veto power, Iravani criticised repeated U.S. vetoes of ceasefire resolutions in Gaza, saying Washington’s actions have paralysed the Council and enabled Israel to continue violations of international law. He accused Israel of decades of unlawful policies, including indiscriminate bombings, forced displacement, settlement expansion, and attacks on religious sites, describing them as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.

His address marks a symbolic return. It is reported that this is the first time in ten years that an Indonesian president has delivered remarks at the UN General Assembly.

According to a visual breakdown of his address, he allocated:

Prabowo’s emphasis on multilateralism aligns squarely with ongoing debates within the United Nations about reform, relevance, and financial sustainability.

In fact, UN Secretary-General António Guterres launched the “UN80 Initiative” early this year to modernise and revitalise the organisation amid funding cuts and institutional criticisms.

Additionally, in September 2025, the first Biennial Summit between the UN and International Financial Institutions took place, aiming to deepen coordination between the UN and bodies such as the IMF and World Bank as a clear sign that the multilateral architecture is under active review.

Guterres has also repeatedly called for a multipolar world order and stronger multilateralism, including during the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Tianjin.

Focus on Palestine, human rights and Indonesia’s vision

Beyond institutional questions, Prabowo devoted 22% of his speech to the Palestinian cause, the Gaza conflict, and support for the two-state solution. That is consistent with Indonesia’s long-standing foreign policy posture on Palestine.

Another 20% was reserved to highlight Indonesia’s development model and leadership role in the Global South. This is part of a broader narrative which highlights that under Prabowo’s presidency, Indonesia has rejoined BRICS as a full member, signalling a pivot toward South–South cooperation and a more assertive role in global governance.

The 16% allocated to human rights, dignity, and historical struggles speaks to Indonesia’s attempt to claim moral legitimacy in the international arena, invoking past experiences of colonisation, struggle for independence, and social justice.

Smaller but meaningful shares went to humanitarian appeals (8%) and interfaith or spiritual invocations (5%). These show that Prabowo also sought to appeal to global conscience and moral authority, particularly in a context of conflicts, refugee crises, and religious pluralism.

The meeting, held with ministers, permanent secretaries, and education leaders from all EAC member states, addressed regional priorities ranging from harmonising education standards to boosting innovation, cultural exchange, and youth engagement through sports.

“ Tanzania will continue working with partner states to ensure these sectors foster prosperity for all East Africans,” Londo said, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation.

The East African Community (EAC) is a regional intergovernmental bloc comprising seven countries: Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda, with its headquarters located in Arusha, Tanzania.

First established in 1967 and revived in 2000, the EAC is home to nearly 300 million people with a combined GDP of about $305 billion, according to the EAC Secretariat. The bloc is working toward deeper integration through a customs union, a common market, a planned monetary union, and an eventual political federation.

Seen as one of Africa’s fastest-growing regional organisations, the EAC plays a critical role in boosting intra-African trade, harmonising policies on infrastructure and security, and contributing to the African Union’s broader integration agenda.

The reaffirmation comes amid calls by the African Union and development partners such as UNESCO for regional bodies to scale up investment in education and innovation to meet the continent’s youth-driven demographic challenge.

Disclaimer: The image for the article was AI-generated

In a notable international development, U.S. Senator Ted Cruz officiated the signing of a USTDA grant agreement with Terra Metals Inc. and Metalex Commodities to support Zambia’s Kazozo Copper–Cobalt Project. While the project is located in Zambia, Bhutanese observers are watching closely as such initiatives influence global commodity prices and the critical minerals market, sectors that indirectly affect Bhutan’s trade balance and its own aspirations to diversify its economy beyond hydropower.

biBerk offers guidance on storm damage insurance

Business insurance provider biBerk has published detailed insights on preparing for storm damage, emphasising the steps businesses should take before and after severe weather events. Bhutan’s policymakers and private sector stakeholders have been increasingly interested in risk-mitigation tools as the country faces intensifying monsoon seasons and climate change–related disasters, making this guidance particularly relevant to local enterprises and insurers.

THREE business insurance outlines risk management essentials

Another major development in the business sector is THREE Business Insurance’s release of a comprehensive guide on risk management, business insurance essentials, and common mistakes to avoid. This comes at a time when Bhutan is pushing to strengthen its SME sector as part of its economic recovery and modernisation strategy, underscoring the need for robust risk protection mechanisms.

Rule of law as a foundation for governance reform

A key policy discussion this week focused on the necessity of adhering to international rule of law standards to create a fair and transparent governance system. For Bhutan, which is known for its constitutional monarchy and Gross National Happiness framework, the conversation reinforces its ongoing judicial and administrative reforms aimed at strengthening public trust and aligning with global norms.

Bhutan engages in the 3rd Indo-Pacific economic conclave

Bhutan participated in the 3rd Indo-Pacific Economic Conclave, underscoring its growing engagement with regional and global economic forums. The discussions at the conclave covered trade facilitation, infrastructure development, and strategies for sustainable growth in the Indo-Pacific region. For Bhutan, participation in such events is critical to integrating its small but strategically located economy into wider economic corridors.

Nauru’s Minister for Commerce and Foreign Investment, Maverick Eoe, led a delegation to Washington, where they held high-level discussions at the White House. Talks focused on deepening cooperation in trade, investment, and development, with particular emphasis on deep-sea mining partnerships and Nauru’s role in supplying critical minerals for clean energy. U.S. officials expressed interest in strengthening ties with Pacific island states as part of Washington’s broader Indo-Pacific strategy.

$1 billion development deal

Nauru has signed a $1 billion socio-economic development agreement with the China Rural Revitalisation and Development Corporation (CRRDC). The deal will support renewable energy projects, marine fisheries, and eco-tourism, while also creating jobs and promoting cultural exchanges. Government officials said the partnership reflects Nauru’s commitment to building sustainable industries and reducing dependence on foreign aid. The CRRDC agreement is one of the largest foreign investment pledges ever made to the island nation.

Global climate partnership

In a bid to confront the existential threat of rising sea levels, Nauru has joined a global climate resilience initiative. The program aims to channel technical support and funding into Pacific island nations vulnerable to climate change. Under the plan, Nauru will receive assistance in developing coastal protection systems, renewable energy grids, and community-based adaptation strategies. Leaders said the move is crucial for safeguarding the nation’s future amid worsening climate risks.

Fisheries cooperation

Nauru has renewed and expanded its fisheries partnership with Japan, granting Japanese vessels greater access to Nauru’s exclusive economic zone in exchange for technical training and infrastructure support. The deal also includes investments in sustainable fishing practices to ensure long-term resource management. Fisheries remain one of Nauru’s most valuable economic assets, and officials hailed the agreement as a balance between revenue generation and conservation.

Australian aid

Australia has committed new funding to improve infrastructure in Nauru, including upgrades to the island’s main port and road networks. The aid package also covers educational programs and healthcare support, reflecting Canberra’s pledge to maintain strong ties with Pacific island nations. Nauru’s government said the projects will help improve connectivity, enhance trade logistics, and deliver vital services to its citizens.

Prime Minister of Mongolia, Zandanshatar Gombojav, met with World Bank Vice President for East Asia and the Pacific, Manuela V. Ferro, on September 2, 2025. The Prime Minister thanked the Bank for its long-standing contribution since 1991 and outlined policy priorities, including human development, green transition, digital transformation, and tax reform. He stressed the need to diversify the economy beyond mining, expand exports, and improve affordable housing access to reduce air pollution in Ulaanbaatar. Ferro praised Mongolia’s recovery after COVID-19 and highlighted agriculture, renewable energy, and tourism as key diversification sectors. The World Bank reaffirmed its readiness to support Mongolia’s development agenda.

Prime Minister emphasises agriculture as backbone of economy

During a visit to Darkhan-Uul aimag, Prime Minister Zandanshatar underlined agriculture’s central role in Mongolia’s economic growth, pointing to the Eurasian market as an opportunity for agricultural exports. Officials from the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Light Industry reported progress under the “Food Revolution” and “White Gold” movements, including concessional loans, increased crop and livestock production, and strengthened cashmere and leather processing. More than 2,500 new jobs have been created and 25 new food processing plants commissioned. Agriculture contributed significantly to Mongolia’s 5.6% economic growth in the first half of 2025.

Fitch reaffirms Mongolia’s credit rating

Fitch Ratings has maintained Mongolia’s sovereign credit rating at “B+, Stable,” citing stable growth and prudent fiscal management. The agency forecasts GDP growth of 5.7% in 2025 and 5.3%t in 2026–2027, supported by copper exports and recovery in agriculture. Fitch projects government debt will fall below 40% of GDP in the medium term, while external debt refinancing has eased repayment risks for 2026–2027. However, risks remain due to reliance on raw material exports and inflation, projected at 8.5%t in 2025–2026.

China and Mongolia deepen strategic partnership

On September 2, President of China Xi Jinping met President of Mongolia Khurelsukh Ukhnaa in Beijing. Both leaders reaffirmed their commitment to a comprehensive strategic partnership, emphasising stronger mutual trust, infrastructure connectivity, and joint modernisation goals. Discussions focused on cross-border railways, renewable energy, agriculture, and environmental protection. Agreements were signed on honey exports, customs, quarantine cooperation, metrology, and media collaboration. Xi Jinping praised progress on joint projects such as the Gashuunsukhait-Gantsmod railway and Erdeneburen Hydropower Plant, while both sides pledged to boost bilateral trade toward $20 billion.

Mongolia projects self-sufficiency in flour production

The Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Light Industry announced that this year’s wheat harvest will largely meet domestic flour demand, with 255.8 thousand tons expected . While a shortfall of about 100 thousand tons will require imports, the Government has prioritised strengthening agriculture through the “Atar-4” campaign, “White Gold” movement, and “Food Revolution” program. Agriculture contributed 3.6% to GDP in the first half of 2025, creating 58,000 new jobs. Plans include expanding concessional loans for private businesses, boosting meat exports, and easing pressure on overburdened pastureland by directing livestock into economic circulation.

In 2019, 97% of Bougainvilleans sent a powerful message by voting “yes” to independence from Papua New Guinea (PNG). The aspiration, however, remains unfulfilled.

The “ Era Kone ” covenant, signed to guide the transition, established a 2025–2027 timeline for recognition. Still, PNG’s parliament has not ratified the referendum, and delays have stirred frustration among Bougainville’s leaders and people.

The island's leadership is doubling down on its push for independence.

President Ishmael Toroama made it clear that the region will not veer from its chosen course. “It gives us the opportunity, whether the national government likes it or not,” he told RNZ Pacific, adding that the right to self-determination is “a national constitution guarantee or the framework of the Bougainville Peace Agreement… At least it is the constitutionally guaranteed process set in by the National Constitution.”

The drive for sovereignty is equally central to Ezekiel Masatt , Bougainville’s Independence Implementation Minister. He also emphasised that the signing of the Melanesian Agreement at Burnham was a turning point.

“We must obtain political independence to have some sovereign powers, to make some strategic economic decisions,” he said. “Now, given the Melanesian Agreement , where Bougainville can achieve some sovereign powers, I think that is a great start in the right direction.”

A landmark election

The September 4 poll is historic for its scale and logistics. Conducted in a single day, it will stretch across 544 polling stations with more than 3,000 staff, ensuring the process runs smoothly. More than 400 candidates, including seven vying for the presidency, will contest the vote.

The Bougainville House of Representatives will expand to 46 seats, thanks to five new single-member constituencies. This structure preserves reserved seats for women and former combatants, ensuring inclusive representation. Over 204,000 voters are also registered to take part.

Notably, this election reflects unprecedented gender diversity. Thirty-four women are running, including 14 for the three reserved women’s seats and several in open constituencies.

Among them are Elizabeth Palin, a former teacher and local leader now contesting a women’s reserved seat, and Amanda Masono, a sitting member who is shifting to compete in the open Atolls constituency (Asia Pacific Report).

Economic choices ahead

The independence debate cannot be separated from Bougainville’s economic future. At the centre lies the Panguna mine , once the engine of PNG’s export economy before civil conflict and environmental devastation forced its closure.

For Toroama, reopening Panguna is crucial for economic sustainability.

The mine is not the only factor shaping Bougainville’s economy. International attention is growing, with China and the United States signalling interest in infrastructure and resource projects.

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 2023) highlights this trend as a core pillar of South–South cooperation, which is rapidly reshaping global governance.

For decades, North–South aid relationships dominated development models, with the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) playing central roles. Today, many developing countries are seeking alternatives. According to the World Bank (2022), South–South trade now represents over 25% of global trade, compared with just 8% in the early 1990s. This shift signals a move away from dependency on traditional Western institutions toward more balanced and diversified partnerships.

The expansion of trade and infrastructure projects has become a cornerstone of new alliances. The China-Africa Research Initiative (2023) reports that China-Africa trade exceeded $282 billion in 2022, making Beijing Africa’s largest bilateral trading partner. India, meanwhile, has become a key energy and pharmaceutical partner, while Brazil is extending agricultural and technical cooperation across the continent. These relationships not only provide new markets but also strengthen South–South solidarity.

Beyond economics, developing nations are strengthening political and security ties. Organisations like the BRICS bloc (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) are expanding influence, with recent additions such as Saudi Arabia and Ethiopia highlighting the group’s growing relevance. Analysts at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2023) note that such alliances challenge Western-dominated forums like the G7 and NATO, offering alternative spaces for political dialogue and security collaboration.

While the rise of these alliances signals progress, challenges remain. Power imbalances often persist, with larger economies like China or India exerting disproportionate influence. The World Bank (2022) warns that debt sustainability, transparency, and labour conditions must be monitored closely to prevent exploitation. Similarly, environmental concerns around mega-infrastructure projects have raised alarms among civil society groups in both Africa and Asia.

According to the latest data, Asia accounts for 37% of global GDP, making it the largest contributor to the world economy. North America follows with 30%, Europe holds 24%, South America contributes 4%, Africa just 3%, and Oceania rounds out the list at 2%.

Asia

Asia dominates global GDP with a 37% share, driven by major economies such as China, India, Japan, and South Korea. The continent has become the world’s largest economy in both nominal and purchasing power parity (PPP) terms, underpinned by rapid industrialisation, booming technology sectors, and rising consumer markets

North America

North America contributes 30% of global GDP, largely powered by the United States and Canada. The region remains a hub of high productivity, technological innovation, and financial stability, making it one of the most influential economic regions worldwide.

Europe

Europe holds 24% of global GDP, led by Germany, the United Kingdom, and France. While its share has declined relative to Asia, Europe continues to play a central role in global trade, finance, and advanced manufacturing.

South America, Africa, and Oceania: Smaller shares

Together, Asia, North America, and Europe account for more than 90% of global GDP, leaving the rest of the world with a marginal share.

A report published in May by the African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank), titled “State of Play of Debt Burden in Africa and the Caribbean,” reveals that the average debt-to-GDP ratio across the continent remains high, though it differs between countries. In more than 60% of African nations, the ratio is expected to exceed 50% in 2025. Some countries, including Ghana, Cape Verde, and Sudan, face debt levels surpassing 100% of GDP.

However, not all debt should be viewed negatively when it finances productive investments. Debt used for projects that expand a country’s productive capacity can help increase GDP, raise tax revenues, and improve living standards. Investments in infrastructure such as transportation, energy, and communication can encourage business activity, enhance trade, and create employment.

According to the Afreximbank report, Morocco holds 5.9% of Africa’s total external debt in 2025. The country has directed borrowed funds toward large-scale projects in infrastructure, renewable energy, and digital technology. Key projects include the expansion of Tanger Med port, the Noor Ouarzazate solar complex, and the SIR railway project in Greater Casablanca, all contributing to economic growth and improved connectivity.

Senegal, which has around $1 billion in debt and is one of the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) highest debtors in Africa, has used this borrowing to develop significant infrastructure projects . These include the Blaise Diagne International Airport, the Dakar-Diamniadio Toll Highway, and the Regional Express Train, all under the “Plan Sénégal Émergent.” These investments have enhanced Senegal’s infrastructure, boosted tourism, and supported economic growth.

In Ethiopia, large-scale investment has gone into the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which is designed to more than double the country’s power generation capacity. GERD is Africa’s largest hydropower project and is scheduled for inauguration in September.

Nigeria has also turned to debt, particularly from China, to fund major transportation infrastructure. Projects include the Lagos-Ibadan rail, Itakpe-Warri rail, Abuja-Kaduna rail, Lagos Blue Line Metro rail, and the Abuja Metro rail.

Despite these investments, African countries continue to face challenges such as global interest rate increases, currency depreciation, and rising debt servicing costs. Still, the narrative is evolving as many countries strive to manage borrowing while ensuring development impact.

Most developing countries share some common challenges, and they are;

But how does a country actually rise above these?

Here’s the thing: true development isn’t just crossing a GDP threshold. It’s about creating a system where opportunity isn’t reserved for the privileged, it’s built into the everyday life of every citizen.

Do you want to know what it really takes to get there? Watch the video above to find out.

Davies Chikalanga, Registrar General at the Ministry of Home Affairs, said the government is integrating digital infrastructure, legislative reforms, and healthcare system linkages to register every child.

“We are now at a stage where we need to fully take off and reach the level which other countries have already attained,” he told Biometric Update .

Currently, only 6% of Zambian children receive birth certificates at birth, and to change that, Zambia has made birth registration a core part of its national development strategy.

The UNICEF and World Bank are supporting the country’s efforts in digitising civil registration services, linking hospitals to the civil registry, boosting funding, and rolling out essential equipment nationwide.

The three-month campaign launched in April aims to register 3.5 million citizens for birth certificates and national IDs. These efforts are crucial, Chikalanga emphasised, for accurate data-driven governance.

“Birth and death certificates are not just pieces of paper; they are tools for planning and policy.”

Zambia hopes to offer a universal digital identity, enhancing access to public and private services across its 21 million population.

Egypt received the highest amount of remittance inflows at $22.7 billion, followed by Nigeria with $19.8 billion and Morocco with $12 billion. Kenya ($4.8 billion) and Ghana ($4.6 billion) completed the top five rankings with strong annual growth rates.

Remittances create direct and immediate economic benefits for families and local communities, unlike other external financial sources. The money received through remittances typically finances important costs like education and healthcare while supporting small business initiatives when public services prove inadequate.

African nations received $100 billion in remittances during 2023, which constituted about 6% of their continent's GDP. World Bank reports show that remittance flows exceeded official development assistance, which amounted to $42 billion and surpassed foreign direct investment, which reached $48 billion.

Africa has seen remittance inflows increase by 57% during the last decade, while foreign direct investment experienced a 41% drop.

The expanding remittance gap stems from economic instability alongside climate migration and worldwide income inequalities. Remittances will play a central role in African development strategies as these trends persist.

This data happens to align with the African Development Bank's Macroeconomic Performance and Outlook report , which highlights the top 10 fastest-growing African economies between 2025 and 2026.

The continent's second-largest economy, Senegal, is forecasted to grow by 8.6% through its Grand Tortue Ahmeyim gas project . Uganda, which holds the 9th spot on the remittances list, is recorded as the third fastest-growing African economy with a 7.2% growth.

This announcement comes a month after Gates pledged to give away 99% of his fortune. Now aged 69, the American billionaire said the funding will be channelled through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has a long history of supporting development efforts on the continent.

Focus on healthcare and nutrition

Gates emphasised the importance of strengthening primary healthcare systems. “What we've learned is that helping the mother be healthy and have great nutrition before she gets pregnant, while she is pregnant, delivers the strongest results,” he said. He also highlighted the critical need for child nutrition in the first four years of life.

In the face of significant aid cuts by the United States government under President Donald Trump ’s "America First" policy, Gates’ commitment offers hope for many African countries. These cuts have affected key programmes, including HIV/AIDS treatment efforts funded by USAID.

A call to embrace artificial intelligence

Gates encouraged young African innovators to think about integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into future healthcare systems. He drew parallels with the way mobile phones transformed banking in Africa and suggested a similar leap could be made in the health sector.

“Africa largely skipped traditional banking, and now you have a chance, as you build your next generation healthcare systems, to think about how AI is built into that,” Gates said. He cited Rwanda’s use of AI-enabled ultrasound technology to detect high-risk pregnancies as a model to follow.

Foundation’s goals and timeline

According to a statement from the Gates Foundation , it will focus on three main areas: ending preventable deaths of mothers and babies, eliminating deadly infectious diseases, and reducing poverty across Africa.

The foundation plans to close its operations after the 20-year period. “At the end of 20 years, the foundation will sunset its operations,” the statement said.

On Sunday, June 1, the United Kingdom officially endorsed Morocco’s autonomy plan for Western Sahara, describing it as the most credible, viable, and pragmatic solution to the long-standing dispute. At a joint press conference in Rabat, British Foreign Minister David Lammy announced the policy shift, stating that the UK now supports Morocco’s proposal to grant the territory limited autonomy under Moroccan sovereignty. He was joined by Moroccan Foreign Minister Nasser Bourita. Both ministers highlighted strong bilateral cooperation on security and trade and acknowledged Morocco’s role as co-host of the 2030 FIFA World Cup. Lammy emphasised that resolving the Western Sahara issue is overdue and essential for regional stability in North Africa.

U.S. approves potential $260 million Javelin missile sale to Morocco

 Morocco’s request to purchase 612 Javelin anti-tank missiles was published in the U.S. Federal Register on May 27. The proposed $260 million (2.61 billion dirhams) sale received State Department approval, as confirmed by the Defence Security Cooperation Agency on March 19. According to the agency, the sale supports U.S. foreign policy and national security by enhancing the defence capabilities of a major non-NATO ally in North Africa. This is the first major U.S. arms deal with Morocco announced since President Donald Trump returned to office on January 20. It was followed by a separate proposal on April 15 to sell 600 FIM-92K Stinger Block I missiles and related equipment for an estimated $825 million (7.7 billion dirhams), also pending Congressional approval.

Morocco’s remittances decline by 3.7% as of April 2025

Remittances from the Moroccan diaspora dropped by 3.7% year-on-year as of April 2025, according to the latest data from the Exchange Office. Transfers totalled MAD 35.9 billion ($3.88 billion), down from MAD 37.27 billion ($4 billion) during the same period in 2024—a decline of MAD 1.37 billion ($148.25 million). Remittances remain a key contributor to Morocco’s economic growth. In 2024, total remittances exceeded $11.7 billion, reflecting a 2.1% increase from 2023.

Morocco’s King Mohammed VI outlines four-pillar strategy for Africa’s sustainable development

King Mohammed VI of Morocco has presented a strategic framework for Africa’s comprehensive and sustainable development, focusing on four main pillars: reforming development financing models; fostering supportive institutional, economic, and social environments; boosting intra-African trade; and maximising the value of the continent’s natural resources. The roadmap was conveyed in a message to participants at the 2025 “Ibrahim Governance Weekend” in Marrakech, delivered by Royal Advisor André Azoulay. The King emphasised that development financing remains a critical challenge, calling for innovative and solidarity-based solutions that reflect Africa’s specific needs and require coordinated action at national, regional, and global levels.

Morocco ranks among top global travel destinations in early 2025

Morocco was identified alongside Spain and Japan as one of the best-performing travel destinations in the first quarter of 2025, according to the latest UN World Tourism Barometer. International tourist arrivals to Morocco increased by over 22% compared to Q1 2024, surpassing pre-pandemic levels by 16%. Globally, more than 300 million international tourists travelled between January and March 2025—an increase of 14 million from the same period in 2024. This represents a 5% rise in global arrivals year-over-year and a 3% increase over pre-pandemic figures. Morocco contributed significantly to Africa’s 9% growth in tourist arrivals. The country’s performance has been attributed to strategic investments in infrastructure, improved security, and the promotion of desert tourism. 

“When you look at the global backdrop and what happened with the war in Ukraine and, given my first-hand experience, I said to myself that Africa is too reliant on other countries, on Europe, on Asia and that Africa has the potential to feed the world,” Forrest said in an interview for Global South World. 

Forrest, whose businesses cultivate tens of thousands of hectares of land in the Democratic Republic of Congo, has turned author for a new book called: Africa Can Feed the World. He says his experiences in the fertile, untapped landscapes of his homeland have convinced him that a tipping point, first towards self-sufficiency and then towards agri-exports, is far nearer than people realise.

Africa holds 60% of the world’s uncultivated arable land, according to the World Bank, yet contributes less than 10% of global agricultural output. This paradox is not due to poor soil or climate — in fact, regions such as the Guinea Savannah and the Congolese Plateau offer fertile soils, reliable rainfall, and abundant water reserves. Rather, the gap stems from decades of underinvestment in rural infrastructure, poor access to markets and finance, and minimal technological input.

Forrest points to the example of Brazil. Between the 1970s and early 2000s, Brazil transformed its Cerrado region - a once-dismissed savannah - into one of the world’s most productive agricultural zones. This was achieved through a combination of state research institutions, incentives for private sector investment, and the development of infrastructure like rural roads and silos. Today, Brazil is the world’s largest exporter of soybeans, beef, and poultry. 

As climate change threatens traditional breadbaskets like the American Midwest, Australia, and parts of India due to extreme weather events and soil degradation, some parts of sub-Saharan Africa may be able to make up the deficit.

However, he is scathing about the attitude of external players, and Europe in particular. As European policymakers riding a nationalist populist wave seek to close borders and cut development funding, Forrest warns that they may one day regret treating Africa as a threat.

‘Broken ties’

“The day when Europe has nothing, it will be dependent on others. And it will depend on whom? That’s what I’m saying. That in 2050, if we are not careful, it’s Europe which will be migrating to Africa…. So we need to maintain the ties that we have broken. That is what I am asking. That Europe comes to its senses and considers Africa rather as a partner, not to exploit but for win-win relations.”

In particular, Forrest is critical of policies which prevent younger generations of Africans from travelling to Europe to study - a decision which pushes them towards Russia, China and India, where they will develop relationships and sympathies for the future. By 2050, Africa’s population is projected to exceed 2.5 billion people, with over 60% under the age of 25. 

Forrest’s criticisms extend to the international justice system, which he sees as unfairly focused on Africa.

“When you look at cases around illicitly obtained assets, who gets prosecuted? Only Africans. What about the Middle East? Have we seen asset appropriation there? Did we prosecute people from China or elsewhere? No. Let’s be fair, we can’t have two standards, two tiers, let’s be evenhanded.”

Indeed, Forrest sees the fight against corruption waged upon Africa as being counterproductive, because it drives away the investment which is needed to improve the situation. Non-governmental organisations that come with lectures and impose standards bring nothing but drive away business investment, he claims.

“The more you have investors, the more you have promising projects. The more the government and the authorities are forced to keep rules and structures, the more you will have a better justice system because corruption will gradually disappear. It’s true that it is a curse, but let’s be realistic.”

Dare to dream

But for Forrest, everything comes back to agriculture, which has the potential both to supercharge African economies and remove the curse of hunger and poor nutrition from their populations. 

The African Development Bank estimates that agriculture could be worth $1 trillion to the continent’s economy by 2030. But the scale of investment required is also significant - estimated at $80 billion per year.

While the scale of the ambition requires industrial methods, Forrest remains convinced that there can still be a place for smaller family farms. And he insists that increasing food production will not threaten the ecological marvels of the tropical forests of Congo or other nations.

“It’s not a question of replacing the forests. We don’t need to touch the forests. There’s plenty of available space, even in the Savannah.”

Forrest is an optimist, but also a pragmatist. He believes greater use of science and technology is essential to achieving his vision. His giant agri-food business GoCongo, uses extensive soil testing to determine which crops are best suited to each area. This choice needs to be informed by study, not habit, he states. As an example, he highlights French efforts to impose rice cultivation in the country to replace stocks lost after the demise of IndoChina, which were often poorly located and resulted in low yields.

But with science, human effort and natural bounty, Forrest is confident Africa’s detractors will be proved wrong and his 2050 vision will come to pass.

“In order to do something, first you need a dream. When you dream, you have a goal in mind. This is what you do to achieve it.”

Speaking at the 22nd National Council on Innovation, Science and Technology in Abuja, Nnaji said the satellites would help the military and other security agencies monitor hard-to-reach areas, including forests used by armed groups.

He explained that the radar satellite would be able to capture images at any time, regardless of weather or light conditions.

“The search satellite is the one that will pick images both day, night, during rain, every time of the day, and that is technology in play,” he was quoted by the News Agency of Nigeria .

Nnaji added that the move is part of President Bola Tinubu’s Renewed Hope Agenda, aimed at using technology to solve national problems.

The minister also said the government is reviewing the country’s science and innovation policy and working to set up a National Research and Innovation Fund.

He called for better links between research institutions and industries to ensure ideas developed in laboratories are turned into useful products and services.

According to him, many young Nigerians with bright ideas often struggle to find the support they need to bring their innovations to the market.

He further urged universities, the private sector and the government to work together to close this gap.

The Secretary to the Government of the Federation, George Akume, said Nigeria must focus on practical research that solves real-world problems.

He stressed the importance of building strong partnerships among the government, industry, and academic institutions.

At the meeting, more than 100 proposals were submitted by different sectors of the economy, including health, agriculture, and education.

Officials said the ideas would help shape future policies on science, technology and innovation.

The government also promised to return the council’s annual meetings to a regular schedule after a delay caused by unforeseen issues last year.

The World Bank’s Global Migration and Development Report highlights that in over 70 low- and middle-income countries, remittance inflows now exceed foreign direct investment (FDI). Unlike volatile capital flows, remittances tend to remain stable during global crises, making them essential to economic resilience.

The report also notes that remittance flows are increasingly channelled through digital platforms, boosting both convenience and transparency.

India tops the chart with $125 billion

India remains the undisputed leader in global remittances, receiving a record-breaking $125 billion from its diaspora across the world. This surge reflects both the size of the Indian expatriate workforce and the growing digitisation of cross-border money transfers.

India's remittance inflows are largely driven by Indian workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, the U.S., the U.K., and Canada. Many of these transfers go toward household consumption, healthcare, education, and small-scale investments.

Why this matters:

Top 10 remittance-receiving countries in 2025:

According to data visualised by World Visualized , here’s how the top countries rank by remittance inflows (in USD billions):

India – 125

Mexico – 67

China – 50

Philippines – 40

Pakistan – 26.6

Egypt – 24

Bangladesh – 23

Nigeria – 20.5

Germany – 20.4

Guatemala – 19.9

The HDI, which serves as a global benchmark for human development, had previously shown a strong recovery from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic by 2023. However, this momentum appears to have faltered.

Achim Steiner, Administrator of the UNDP, described the findings as troubling. “The overarching conclusion is actually one that is quite unsettling. We have, over the almost 35 years that we have measured the Human Development Index now, which is essentially a proxy to measure progress in human development, and reached the lowest level of progress between one year to another last year,” Steiner told AFP. “So the HDI is in many ways a reflection of a world that is increasingly disrupted and that is facing also a different set of challenges.”

He noted that the slowdown is not confined to a single region or factor, but is instead being driven by widespread declines in key quality-of-life indicators. 

“We are very concerned about these drivers that have essentially left the world at the moment in our time, not being able to gain momentum. They're losing momentum, and that is a message that when you go through the human development span by country, can relate to, for instance, a decline in life expectancy or in education levels or in income levels,” Steiner added.

If this deceleration pattern continues, it could seriously undermine global efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. According to Steiner, “If that unsettling slowdown becomes the new normal, achieving levels of human development once hoped for by 2030 could slip by decades.”

This project is part of a larger national railway plan that costs $9.5 billion.

It will bring in global companies like Alstom, CAF, and Hyundai Rotem, and is expected to create thousands of jobs for Moroccans.

It will also help bring in more tourists and make travel easier for people living in the country.

The project, which was launched by King Mohammed VI, will link the cities of Kenitra and Marrakech.

The train will also travel through Rabat and Casablanca, cutting down the time it takes to move between these busy places

The government says the line supports Morocco’s push for greener transport.

Speaking on Global South Conversations with Ismail Akwei, Sachs said Africa could grow by 7% or 8% every year for the next 40 years if the right actions are taken. He said Africa’s slow progress is partly because of poor advice and fear of taking bigger steps.

"The IMF advice is don't borrow, don't invest so much, don't overdo it, stay out of trouble. But that just prolongs poverty," he said.

According to him, what Africa really needs is a bolder plan focused on investing heavily in education, infrastructure , and businesses.

Professor Sachs also pointed out that Africa must not keep relying only on its old partners, who were often colonial powers.

Instead, he said Africa should build strong partnerships with countries like China and India.

"It means Africa having a truly multilateral, multi-polar strategy in the world ," he said.

He stressed that investment in schools is key, calling for every child on the continent to complete at least secondary education, citing Ghana’s free education program started by President Nana Akufo-Addo.

He also said Africa must build more roads, railways, fibre networks, and renewable energy systems, noting that China could be a good partner for this work because of its strength in building infrastructure.

Professor Sachs further highlighted that young African entrepreneurs are a big hope for the future. He praised the new generation of startups and technology businesses but added that they need strong support to succeed.

According to him, the time for cautious, slow strategies is over if Africa wants to achieve real, lasting development.

It was in the solemn setting of a grand hotel in Paris’s 8th arrondissement that Forrest presented his new book to the press and political establishment. The author—one of the leading industrial figures active on the African continent—shared a powerful vision built on a simple observation: In a world facing geopolitical instability, climate disruption, and demographic pressure, Africa can no longer be seen as peripheral. It can—and must—play a central role in global food security.

The Paris conference drew attention not only for its insights into African realities but also for the broader message it carried: food sovereignty is not a utopian dream. It is a strategic development path, a lever for economic independence, and a driver of political stability. And it is from the Global South that the boldest and most relevant models for addressing 21st-century challenges may emerge.

A strategy built on local resources and know-how

Forrest was born in the Congo during the Second World War and has witnessed the dramatic and often traumatic history of a country which has become emblematic of the wider African struggle to find its place in the world order. In his book, he offers a frank assessment of Africa’s food situation: 25% of the population still suffers from undernourishment, while the continent imports over $35 billion worth of food annually. This heavy dependency is not a reflection of lacking potential. Africa boasts available farmland, a young workforce , a favorable climate, and abundant natural resources. The true challenge lies in politics, logistics, and organization.

Forrest’s solution is based on a dual ambition: to achieve food self-sufficiency in African countries while building a globally competitive agricultural model. He advocates for a structured approach involving massive investment in rural infrastructure, modernization of production tools, access to land and credit for farmers, and training for younger generations. He also calls for coordinated public policies at the regional level, with a central role for states in driving and regulating agricultural sectors.

A message that goes beyond Africa

Although Africa is central to the analysis, Forrest’s message reaches far beyond the continent. Through Africa’s example, an entire swath of the world—the so-called Global South—is being called upon. From Southeast Asia to Latin America, the Caribbean to the Indian subcontinent, many countries face similar challenges: food dependency, vulnerability to global markets, climate instability, and territorial imbalances.

Indonesia’s case perfectly illustrates this convergence of challenges and responses. Since coming to power, President Prabowo Subianto has made food sovereignty a cornerstone of his agenda. The Makan Bergizi Gratis initiative, which provides free nutritious meals to schoolchildren and pregnant women, is a strong political statement: food is a fundamental right and a pillar of human, educational, and economic development. A large-scale example is now being closely watched by many nations.

An inclusive, forward-looking vision

The model George Arthur Forrest proposes is rooted in a deeply human vision of development. Agriculture, in this view, is not merely a productive sector. It is a source of social cohesion, job creation, rural revitalization, and strategic sovereignty. The link between access to nutritious food and social stability is made clear: a well-fed population can learn, work, create, and thrive.

Many of the projects mentioned in the book—in Congo, Senegal, and Ghana—show that this vision can be concretely realized. Provided that states play their full role, public-private partnerships are encouraged, and local youth are trained and empowered. Agriculture can once again become a driving force—not of the past, but of the future.

A more favourable moment than often thought.

Today’s advocates for food sovereignty are no longer swimming against the tide. Several signals, once barely perceptible, now converge to make this vision more credible, more realistic—and above all, more urgent.

The war in Ukraine, which disrupted global supply chains and grain markets, served as a powerful wake-up call. “When a conflict 8,000 kilometers away decides what your children eat, it’s time to take back control,” says George Arthur Forrest. This loss of control, felt in many capitals across the Global South, has triggered a strategic shift: food is no longer just a social issue—it has become a matter of sovereignty.

Another reason for optimism is the rise of a new generation of political leaders in Africa and beyond who embrace a more structured and ambitious vision for agricultural investment. Lastly, the tools have changed: with digitized supply chains, satellite data, crop management platforms, and traceability systems, farmers and policymakers now have technical levers that were previously out of reach. Added to this is the renewed vitality of rural communities: a better-educated, more connected youth that sees agriculture not as a burden, but as a field of opportunity.

A call for South-South cooperation

Africa Can Feed the World opens a resolutely international perspective. George Arthur Forrest calls for stronger cooperation among countries of the Global South: sharing expertise, harmonising standards, pooling strategic investments, and forging a common agricultural diplomacy. In a multipolar world, such solidarity can elevate a collective voice to tackle global challenges.

By stressing that food security is a prerequisite for peace and prosperity, Forrest also sends a message to Northern partners: the time has come to rethink the logic of aid and dependence. What’s needed now is a new era of balanced partnerships, grounded in respect for local priorities and potential.

The opinions and thoughts expressed in this article reflect only the author's views.

Jack Zaoui is the France correspondent for Global South World, an international media outlet focused on the dynamics of the Global South. A recognised expert in economics and geopolitics, he regularly contributes in-depth analysis, offering a unique perspective on global power shifts, economic transformations, and contemporary strategic balances. With an international background, Jack Zaoui has lived in France, Israel, and several other countries—an experience that enriches his reporting and sharpens his understanding of global issues.

“Instability and uncertainty are on the rise,” Li said, adding, “At this time, I think it’s even more important for each of our countries to open up their markets more, and our companies, our businesses, should be sharing their resources more.”

The forum, a key platform for dialogue between Chinese policymakers and global business leaders, comes amid escalating trade tensions between Beijing and Washington. With the possibility of  Donald Trump returning to the White House, fears of a renewed U.S.-China trade war loom large, threatening China’s export-driven growth, the AFP reports.

China has been under mounting pressure from Western economies, particularly the United States , which has tightened trade restrictions and imposed tariffs on Chinese goods. Despite this, Li Qiang emphasised China’s commitment to global economic integration, positioning Beijing as a proponent of open markets and cross-border collaboration.

The China Development Forum, which brings together international executives and Chinese officials, serves as a key indicator of Beijing’s economic direction.

According to the State House Nigeria , the initiative builds on Visa’s ongoing investments in the country, which exceed $1 billion. These include a technological partnership with Lagos-based fintech MoniePoint to advance digital payment solutions, a $200 million investment in Interswitch, and a collaboration with ThriveAgric to support smallholder farmers and boost food security.

Torre highlighted that the planned data centre infrastructure aims to introduce new technologies to Nigeria, strengthening the country’s growing digital economy.

Vice President Shettima welcomed the initiative, emphasising the administration’s focus on modernising the agriculture sector, a key priority in President Bola Tinubu’s 8-point agenda.

"Nigeria is where the action is. Of the ten fintechs in Africa, about eight are in Nigeria… Agriculture is key to the 8-point agenda of the present administration. President Bola Ahmed Tinubu is really keen on repositioning the agriculture industry here, and we have to invest in technology, we have to invest in modernisation," he said.

President Samia Suluhu Hassan announced the project on Monday, March 17, in the nation's capital, Dodoma, stating that South Korea has provided $65 million to improve surveying and mapping infrastructure as part of the initiative’s preparations.

“This updated map is vital for digital planning, sectoral projects, and resolving land use disputes. It will enable multiple sectors to collaborate on land utilisation and development,” President Hassan said.

“The Ministry of Lands, once focused on dispute resolution, has now become a central pillar for the country’s development,” she added.

The initiative is part of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) project, which plays a key role in the mapping process. The government has secured $114 million to support the Ministry of Lands, including $49 million from the World Bank for a project aimed at enhancing land ownership security, as reported by The Citizen .

Tanzania has faced a longstanding border dispute with Malawi over Lake Malawi/Nyasa , Africa’s third-largest lake. Malawi claims sovereignty over the entire lake based on the 1890 Anglo-German Treaty, while Tanzania argues for a median line boundary. The country has also experienced internal land conflicts related to agricultural investments.

Tanzania’s Health Ministry has confirmed the country’s first two cases of mpox. The patients, who showed symptoms like rash, fever, headache, and throat pain, are now in isolation. One case involves a truck driver who entered from a neighbouring country. According to The Star , authorities said samples were tested at the national lab and confirmed on Saturday, March 8. The government is enhancing disease surveillance at borders, raising public awareness, and encouraging preventive measures.

UNESCO launches $8 million water initiative in Tanzania and Kenya

UNESCO has launched an $8 million project to improve groundwater management in Tanzania and Kenya, focusing on preserving 400 acres of Mount Kilimanjaro’s forest—a key water source for over two million people. Funded by the Global Environment Facility and implemented with the FAO, the initiative aims to boost water security through aquifer mapping and community engagement, providing clean water access to 100,000 more people. Officials emphasised the urgency of protecting Kilimanjaro’s melting glaciers and ensuring long-term water sustainability, according to Atta Travels .

Unicef chief calls for greater investment in Tanzanian children

Unicef Executive Director Catherine Russell visited education and health programs in Tanzania’s Songwe Region, urging greater investment in children and adolescent girls to break the cycle of poverty. She praised Tanzania’s progress in expanding access to education, healthcare, and nutrition, especially for girls, and emphasized that investing in children is key to the country’s future. The Citizen reports that Unicef is working with the government to reduce child marriage and teenage pregnancies—affecting nearly 45% of girls in Songwe—through education, skills training, and health services.

NHIF’s new healthcare coverage to support 1.2 million poor Tanzanian households

The National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) has launched a new initiative to provide basic healthcare support to 1.2 million vulnerable Tanzanian households unable to afford medical costs. Implemented under Section 25 of the Universal Health Insurance Act, the program will be carried out with the President’s Office and the Tanzania Social Action Fund (Tasaf). Health Minister Jenista Mhagama noted that out of 14.8 million households in mainland Tanzania, 3.9 million are economically disadvantaged, with 1.2 million identified as extremely poor. NHIF Director General Dr. Irene Isaka said beneficiaries will be identified through local government authorities, reports The Citizen .

Tanzania to build mega-conference centre in Arusha to rival Nairobi’s KICC

Tanzania’s Arusha International Conference Centre (AICC) has partnered with the Public Service Social Security Fund (PSSSF) to build the Mount Kilimanjaro International Conference Centre (MKICC), a Tsh385 billion state-of-the-art facility. NTV reported that the centre will include a 5,000-seat auditorium, a five-star hotel with 500 rooms, a 20,000-square-metre commercial space, parking for 2,000 vehicles, and a helipad. Set to be completed by 2027, MKICC aims to rival Kenya’s Kenyatta International Conference Centre.

In 2024, Vietnam ranked 10th globally and 4th in Southeast Asia for visitors to Japan, drawing in 621,100 Vietnamese tourists—an increase of 8.2% from 2023. In January 2025, Japan welcomed 50,400 Vietnamese travellers, a substantial year-on-year rise of 13%. Notably, Vietnamese tourists were ranked 13th in spending, contributing ¥136.4 billion ($923 million) to Japan's economy. Vietnam attracted 711,464 Japanese visitors in 2024, with half choosing to explore Ho Chi Minh City. 

Deployment of 5G for the first time overseas

Viettel High Tech Industries Corporation, a key player within Viettel Group, has forged a partnership with Emirates Integrated Telecommunications (DU) and High Cloud Technologies for the deployment of 5G solutions in the Middle East. This is Vietnam's first international deployment of 5G equipment. Announced at Mobile World Congress 2025, the collaboration is focused on rigorous testing of advanced 5G OpenRAN and private networks within DU’s infrastructure. The objective is to enhance network capacity and support the development of innovations such as smart cities and the Internet of Things (IoT). 

Extension of visa exemptions for 12 countries to 2028

The Vietnamese government has announced an extension of visa exemptions for citizens from 12 specific countries—namely Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the UK, Russia, Japan, South Korea, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland—until March 14, 2028. This policy allows a visa-free stay of 45 days for eligible travellers, irrespective of their passport type or purpose of entry, subject to meeting entry criteria. The revised policy is set to take effect from March 15, 2025, replacing former provisions that allowed only a 15-day visa-free stay, aimed at boosting tourism and enhancing bilateral relationships.

$1.17 billion social housing loan package 

The Vietnamese government is introducing a VND30-trillion (US$1.17 billion) loan package designed to assist buyers, renters, and homeowners in need of construction or repair. Launched under the directive of Deputy Prime Minister Tran Hong Ha, this initiative aims to resolve the disbursement difficulties that have hampered the existing VND120-trillion ($4.69 billion) credit programme, which has thus far disbursed only VND2.85 trillion ($111.5 million) due to a reliance on commercial banks and fluctuating interest rates. The new package, financed by the state budget and managed via the Vietnam Bank for Social Policies, seeks to improve access to affordable financing and stimulate the development of social housing projects. 

Establishment of committee for private economic  development

Vietnam Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính has established a national steering committee to develop a private economic development project. He leads the committee, with Deputy Prime Minister Nguyễn Chí Dũng and Minister of Finance Nguyễn Văn Thắng serving as deputy heads. Members include representatives from various ministries, city chairpersons, and other important political bodies. The committee will focus on creating an initiative for submission to the Politburo, emphasising centralism, democracy, and unified direction. The Ministry of Finance will act as the committee's permanent agency, responsible for forming teams to support project development.

The Senate’s decision follows a joint communication submitted by Senators Amara Konneh (Gbarpolu County), Abraham Darius Dillon (Montserrado County), Augustine Chea (Sinoe County), and Gbehzongar Findley (Grand Bassa County). They emphasised the urgency of reassessing Liberia’s budgetary framework, particularly its allocations for the next four years, given the financial vacuum left by the U.S. decision.

The funding freeze follows U.S. President Donald Trump’s inauguration, after which an internal memo was sent to U.S. officials and embassies, including Liberia, ordering a halt to nearly all existing foreign assistance and pausing new aid.

Brenda Moore, Founder and Executive Director of the Kids’ Educational Engagement Project (KEEP) highlighted the economic and developmental strain caused by the aid suspension.

“The suspension of USAID funding will put the government under pressure to find alternatives to the existing programs and projects,” Moore stated. “Allowing some of these projects to be halted altogether will mean restart and remobilization costs not initially included in the operational budget. With limited resources, this is no easy task. The stop-work order will not only halt progress but has also put a strain on our local economy and the livelihoods of many Liberians.”

The aid suspension is part of a policy shift under Trump’s “America First” initiative, temporarily halting billions of dollars in foreign assistance pending a 90-day review by the U.S. State Department.