Once a barren settlement where “the land could not sustain its people,” Banyan has been transformed into a thriving rural community, with white-walled houses, paved roads and growing local industries. By leveraging its natural conditions , the village has developed distributed solar power, expanded forest coverage and adopted clean heating, charting a green path to prosperity.

Walking through the village, President Chapo learned how tailored policies and industry-driven approaches helped lift residents out of poverty. At a relocated household, he showed keen interest in traditional Tu ethnic embroidery, now a source of income for local women. The experience underscored a key lesson: development is most sustainable when it builds on local strengths and empowers communities.

As President Chapo later wrote, such practices show how “structured policies can transform realities and create opportunities for all,” adding that improving people’s livelihoods remains a core commitment of his government.

This message resonates strongly in Mozambique. As one of Africa’s most promising renewable energy markets, the country possesses abundant solar and wind resources, alongside rich cultural and human capital. By adapting development models to local conditions, Mozambique has the potential to chart its own inclusive and sustainable growth path.

Beyond rural revitalisation, President Chapo’s one-week-long state visit in China also highlighted the broadening scope of China-Mozambique cooperation. He examined intelligent power solutions, observed cutting-edge engineering equipment in operation, and visited automated agricultural processing facilities, gaining first-hand insight into China’s industrial and technological strengths.

In Beijing, President Chapo met with Chinese President Xi Jinping, where the two leaders agreed to elevate bilateral relations to a China-Mozambique community with a shared future in the new era. More than 20 cooperation documents were signed, covering areas such as Belt and Road cooperation, trade, agriculture, energy and people-to-people exchanges.

These outcomes reflect both the depth of political trust, and the expanding economic complementarity between the two countries. Mozambique, endowed with rich natural resources, stands to benefit from enhanced cooperation in infrastructure , energy and industrial development. With Chinese support, it can extend industrial chains, increase added value and better convert its resource advantages into sustained growth momentum.

Concluding his China trip, President Chapo said that Mozambique’s strategic partnership with China strengthens development. Indeed, at its core, such cooperation is people-centred and mutually beneficial, offering a forward-looking model for shared prosperity.

Gao Junya produces the China Africa Talk podcast.

China has voiced strong support for Panama’s sovereignty over the canal, framing its position as backing a “just struggle” by the Panamanian people . This comes amid renewed strategic interest in the canal, a key global trade route, where influence carries major economic and political weight.

At the same time, the United States is reportedly considering moves to counter China’s presence in the region, turning the canal once again into a focal point of great-power competition. The situation highlights how infrastructure in Latin America is increasingly tied to broader global rivalries.

Panama now finds itself navigating a delicate balance between competing powers. Its priority remains maintaining control and stability over the canal, while avoiding escalation in a dispute that reflects shifting dynamics in global geopolitics.

From April 11 to 15, Sánchez conducted a five-day official visit to China, his fourth in four years. During his stay, he explored Beijing’s cultural landmarks, including the Drum Tower and the Summer Palace, met with President Xi Jinping and other top leaders; visited two of China’s elite universities; and toured the Xiaomi Science and Technology Park, where he experienced Xiaomi’s latest smartphones, electric vehicles, and AI glasses. His visit generated significant buzz on Chinese social media. His previous stances on Middle Eastern issues—specifically his willingness to say "no" to the United States—had already bolstered his popularity. Now, footage of his travels captured by onlookers has gone viral on short-video platforms. Chinese netizens have dubbed the tall, athletic Prime Minister "dashing," turning him into something of a digital icon.

Changing the perspective

The metaphor of Ricci’s map introduced by Sánchez has become a focal point for Chinese media . Historians often marvel at Ricci’s adaptability: when the Jesuit missionary realized his Eurocentric map clashed with the worldview of the "Middle Kingdom," he collaborated with Ming official Li Zhizao to create the Kunyu Wanguo Quantu (A Map of the Myriad Countries of the World). By shifting the prime meridian 170 degrees to the left, he placed China at the center of the world.

This 400-year-old "cartographic correction" finds a modern echo between Madrid and Beijing. During his visit, Sánchez remarked that even today, some still view the world through that same "distorted map." In an era of accelerating multipolarity, refusing to see Asia as a periphery is not just a geographical acknowledgment, but an act of strategic self-reflection.

Sánchez’s metaphor is more than a historical retrospective; it is a profound geopolitical allegory. It traces the journey from an era of "perceptual bias"—where Europe was the centre and Asia the edge—to a present where both nations seek new coordinates in a turbulent international order. A redrawing of "strategic resolve" is quietly underway.

Fragile order

In the early spring of Beijing, the talks between the two sides touched upon deeper anxieties. The Chinese side invoked the idiom "Li Beng Yue Huai" (the collapse of rites and music ). Originating from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (770 BC–221 BC), this term describes the disintegration of social ethics and order—a description that strikes a chord with the current global state of affairs.

 From Venezuela to Iran, the proliferation of unilateralism and the weaponization of sanctions are viewed as the squeezing of justice by raw power. Here, China and Spain reached a subtle moral consensus: in an age where the "law of the jungle" threatens to return, defending the UN-centered international system is no longer a mere formality, but a sovereign responsibility toward global order.

Official Chinese statements described this consensus as "jointly answering the questions of our time." According to the press release, President Xi Jinping noted that how a country treats international law and order reflects its worldview, values, and sense of responsibility.

In response, Spain expressed its desire for close communication and coordination with China to uphold international law and address global challenges. Spain’s embrace of multipolarity is, in essence, an attempt to revise the "obsolete map" dominated by a few superpowers.

Industrial transformation

If diplomatic rhetoric provides the latitude and longitude of the map, industrial cooperation represents the actual cultivation of the land. Under the shadow of EU tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles, Sánchez’s visit carried a strong sense of "risk hedging." Spain’s ambition is clear: it is no longer content to be a mere destination for Chinese exports. Madrid seeks "technology sharing rather than simple imports," and Chinese companies are responding with tangible investment:

Chery Automobile has taken over and renovated a former Nissan plant in Barcelona.

Envision Energy is building Europe’s first LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) battery gigafactory in Extremadura, and CATL is partnering with Stellantis to build a battery plant in Aragon.

Consumer choice is the ultimate proof. Statistics show that 2025 marked a historic turning point for Chinese cars in Spain, with their market share surpassing 10% for the first time. While in China, Sánchez’s took the opportunity to test drive the high-powered Xiaomi SU7.

Stability and law

In the final stages of the visit, "strategic resolve" became the keyword of the bilateral relationship. Sánchez emphasized that Spain is committed to developing a partnership characterized by such resolve. His statement—"Just like China, we are a stable and predictable country"— is unusually bold by European standards and reflects Sanchez’s position as one of the longest serving EU leaders..

On the "Matteo Ricci map" of global geopolitics, Spain is consciously shifting its position. It is no longer satisfied with being a follower on the fringes of the EU. Instead, it is using its "predictability" as leverage, seeking long-term economic stability through deep industrial integration amidst the frictions of China-EU trade.

From the corrected map of four centuries ago to the green supply chains spanning half the globe today, the China-Spain relationship proves one thing: in this chaotic era of "collapsed rites," the ability to sit down, realign coordinates, and refuse a return to the law of the jungle is a piece of strategic foresight of immense value.

Du Yubin is a journalist and producer for CGTN. He was stationed in Washington, D.C. and London for six years each, focusing on China-US and China-EU relations. He has over 15 years of experience in international communication and new media. The views expressed in this article are the author’s own.

Iran maintained that its nuclear programme is civilian, stating it is used for energy and medical purposes and is within its sovereign rights.

Uranium enrichment is not unique to Iran. Several countries have operated enrichment facilities, including Argentina, Brazil , China, France, Germany, India, Japan, the Netherlands, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The US position has often been based on concerns about security and stability, arguing that other countries with such capabilities are allies or partners. Iran, however, is located in a region with multiple neighbouring states.

"I bring you my letter of credence as well as my letter of recall from my predecessor. Mr. President, before I arrived here, I cannot tell you how many people told me that, in short order, I'd fall in love with the country. It's only taken two months, and I can confirm that that has happened," he said.

Bozell said the United States and South Africa shared important values and interests, and pledged to build on mutual respect and cooperation. He also praised South Africa’s Constitution, telling Ramaphosa he hoped to take bilateral relations “to places they’ve never been before.”

"We are two nations with great shared values and interests. Perhaps not enough people understand this, but you, Excellency, were the primary author of your Constitution. You do understand that," he added.

South Africa has in the past month called in the new US ambassador, Leo Brent Bozell III, less than a month after he arrived in the country, after comments he made about the struggle song “Kill the Boer” sparked a diplomatic backlash.

The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) has ordered stricter enforcement of ordinances banning street drinking, shirtless roaming and late-night videoke as part of its “Safe City” initiative, initially covering Metro Manila. Interior Secretary Juanito Victor “Jonvic” Remulla said police would ensure compliance, citing links between street drinking and violence. Videoke use must follow local time limits, typically beyond 10 p.m., with complaints handled via emergency services. Authorities will also enforce curfews for minors. The Philippine National Police will deploy additional personnel and crack down on taxi overcharging following a recent viral incident.

US extends rotational Marine deployment in Philippines

The United States Marine Corps is extending the deployment of its Marine Rotational Force–Southeast Asia (MRF-SEA) in the Philippines beyond its usual six-month cycle to deepen military cooperation. A new command element from the I Marine Expeditionary Force has taken over, integrating forces with Philippine counterparts under Task Force-Philippines. The move, made at Manila’s invitation, aligns with the country’s Comprehensive Archipelagic Defense Concept. MRF-SEA, deployed since 2023, is a scalable force supporting joint operations, crisis response and capability coordination, with the current rotation operating primarily from the Philippines rather than moving across Southeast Asia.

Japanese troops take part in US-Philippines war drills

Japanese troops have joined military drills in the Philippines for the first time, marking a milestone in regional defence cooperation. Around 420 personnel from the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force are participating in the annual Salaknib exercises alongside Philippine and US forces under the US-led Joint Pacific Multinational Readiness Center. The drills, running until May 20, include live-fire and operational training across northern Luzon. Forces involved include about 4,400 Filipino and 2,800 US troops, with smaller contingents from Australia and New Zealand, as multinational exercises expand across the archipelago.

Manila named among world’s best destinations for 2026

Manila has been named among the world’s best destinations for 2026 by National Geographic, cited mainly for its food scene. The Philippine capital joins cities such as Milan, Québec and Beijing, with highlights including Binondo bakeries like Eng Bee Tin and Ho-Land, and restaurants such as Manam and Toyo Eatery. The recognition comes despite a downturn in Philippine tourism, with arrivals falling to 5.24 million in 2025, while regional peers saw growth. Analysts cite weak promotion, infrastructure gaps and rising travel costs. A Klook study, however, points to resilient domestic travel demand.

Marcos urged to resist joint oil deal with China

Critics have warned the Philippine government against compromising maritime rights as it resumes energy talks with China. The Stratbase Institute and Bayan Muna chair Neri Colmenares said joint exploration in the West Philippine Sea risks undermining sovereignty and ignoring Beijing’s actions. They stressed any deal must comply with the 2016 arbitral ruling affirming Philippine rights. Concerns follow President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.’s remarks that the energy crisis could open room for agreement. Officials from both sides recently held initial talks on potential oil and gas cooperation in China.

KCNA said the visit was part of efforts to improve living standards and promote a “socialist civilisation.”

During the tour, Kim pointed to a rise in pet ownership in Pyongyang and other areas, and called for expanded production of pet-related goods, including food, grooming tools and veterinary medicines. 

He wanted to develop consumer-oriented industries, a notable emphasis in an economy still constrained by international sanctions.

The appearance also offered a rare glimpse of a more domestic, curated image of the North Korean leader — one that contrasts with the state’s usual focus on military capability and strategic strength.

Yet animals, particularly dogs, have long played a role in Kim’s political signalling.

In 2018, following a summit in Pyongyang, Kim gifted two white Pungsan hunting dogs — a breed indigenous to North Korea — to then South Korean president Moon Jae-in. The move was widely seen as a gesture of goodwill during a brief thaw in inter-Korean relations.

The dogs, named Gomi and Songgang, were initially hailed as symbols of reconciliation. However, their fate later reflected the fragility of such diplomacy. In 2022, they were transferred to a South Korean zoo after a dispute over the cost of their upkeep between Moon and the administration of President Yoon Suk Yeol.

More recently, Kim extended a similar gesture to Russian President Vladimir Putin, gifting him a pair of Pungsan dogs in 2024 as ties between Pyongyang and Moscow deepened.

Kim ultimately leverages such gestures to serve dual purposes: reinforcing diplomatic ties while projecting a softer imagery of leadership. 

From symbolic gifts to staged public appearances, dogs have become an unlikely but consistent feature of Kim’s political playbook.

But in recent month, Takaichi has shown a markedly different side.

During a January meeting with South Korean President Lee Jae-myung, Takaichi sat behind a drum kit and joined him in a brief performance of K-pop hits, including BTS’ “Dynamite.” The jam session, held in Nara, her hometown, capped Lee’s official visit and quickly went viral online.

It was a nod to Takaichi’s past as a heavy metal drummer and, as she later wrote, fulfilled Lee’s long-held wish to play the instrument.

Weeks later, Takaichi again leaned into cultural symbolism during talks with French President Emmanuel Macron. At a joint appearance in Tokyo, the two leaders cupped their hands and mimicked the “Kamehameha,” a signature move from the globally popular anime Dragon Ball.

The moment, shared widely on social media, offered a stark contrast to the substance of their discussions, where Macron stressed Europe’s “predictability” in uncertain times, taking an apparent swipe at U.S. policy under Donald Trump .

As she navigates a complex geopolitical landscape, Takaichi appears to be adding a new tool to her playbook.

From drum kits to anime gestures, Japan’s “Iron Lady” is showing that even the most hardline leaders can wield a softer touch — and that, in diplomacy, personality can be as powerful as policy .

Afghan Taliban officials said renewed clashes on Wednesday came after a temporary Eid ceasefire expired, killing at least two civilians in eastern Afghanistan, while each side accused the other of starting the exchange.

That has not stopped Islamabad from making a conspicuously public play for a role in the Middle East crisis.

Since the US-Israel war on Iran began on Feb. 28, Pakistan’s civilian and military leadership have been engaging what one of the source reports described as “regional and friendly countries” while repeatedly calling for de-escalation. 

Foreign Office spokesman Tahir Andrabi said earlier this week that Pakistan remained committed to resolving the conflict “through diplomatic means and engagements,” even as he urged the media to avoid speculation.

In a post on X, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif formally offered Islamabad as a venue for talks between Iranian and US officials, saying Pakistan stood “ready and honoured” to host “meaningful and conclusive talks” if both sides agreed. 

Sharif tagged President Donald Trump, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi and US special envoy Steve Witkoff. The idea of Islamabad hosting talks had in fact come from Washington, reporters revealed. Trump later shared Sharif’s post on Truth Social.

A messenger to Tehran

Pakistan’s role has not been limited to offering conference rooms.

Washington had sent a peace proposal to Tehran through Pakistan, with Reuters and the New York Times naming Islamabad as the messenger. A senior Iranian official told Reuters that either Turkey or Pakistan was being considered as a possible venue if talks advanced. 

Rafael Grossi, head of the International Atomic Energy Agency, added to the speculation when he said he thought talks could take place in Islamabad over the weekend, though he stressed nothing had been settled.

Pakistani officials then moved from hint to confirmation, though not all the way to clarity. Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar said on X on Thursday that “indirect US-Iran talks” were taking place through messages relayed by Pakistan. He added that the United States had shared 15 points that Iran was considering. 

But he stopped short of saying Pakistan would definitely host any face-to-face meeting. Andrabi did the same in his weekly briefing, insisting this was a “process,” not an “event,” and saying any concrete developments would be announced later. He also rejected suggestions that security concerns were holding up Islamabad as a venue, saying Pakistan was “very safe and secure.”

Walking a tightrope

Islamabad has also sought to show that it has access to both sides. Pakistan’s army chief, Field Marshal Asim Munir, spoke with Trump on March 23, while Sharif spoke the next day with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian. 

In the Senate, Dar said he had conveyed Tehran’s position to U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio and backed Iran’s right to peaceful nuclear energy, while also making clear that Pakistan “would not allow itself to be dragged into a broader regional conflict.”

About 35,000 Pakistanis were in Iran and that 792 had already been evacuated by land through the Taftan-Zahedan crossing.

Still, Pakistan’s emergence as a mediator remains real but provisional. The White House has warned against treating reported talks as official, and Araghchi has said exchanges through mediators do not amount to negotiations with Washington. 

For now, Pakistan is trying to end one war — even as it fights another at home.

“I think it's certainly going to happen… It's happening now,” he said, pointing to what he described as a “very, very serious restructuring” of global systems.

Marcos indicated that changes in international relations — shaped by rising geopolitical tensions — would likely force countries to “withdraw, redraw” even their legal frameworks, resulting in a “new normal.”

Despite persistent maritime disputes in the South China Sea , Manila has continued to separate security tensions from economic cooperation with Beijing. 

Marcos said the Philippines has “always tried to differentiate the territorial disputes from our trade arrangements,” noting that Chinese investments still support major government programmes.

“And they have not used this as somehow, they haven't leveraged this in any way… they’ve been very, very helpful in terms of, for example, fertilizer,” he added.

The Philippines and China remain locked in a long-running dispute in the South China Sea, where Beijing continues to reject a 2016 international arbitration ruling that invalidated its sweeping claims.

Marcos also said Manila is open to reviving stalled discussions with China on joint oil and gas development in disputed waters, suggesting that ongoing global tensions — particularly in the Middle East — could provide impetus for progress.

“That’s something we’ve been talking about for a great deal, but territorial disputes are getting in the way of that,” he said. “Maybe this provides impetus for both sides to come to an agreement.”

At the same time, the Philippines is seeking to diversify energy sources amid supply concerns linked to the Middle East crisis, including exploring potential fuel imports from Russia , a non-traditional supplier.

Marcos stressed that Manila’s foreign policy remains anchored on stability.

“We never want war… It’s peace and the national interest,” he said.

That frustration is being driven by several flashpoints at once. They include US criticism of South Africa’s transformation policies, land reform, farm attacks, and Pretoria’s genocide case against Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

For many South Africans, the problem is not just disagreement with the US. It is the sense that America is attempting to dictate domestic policy.

This perception has been sharpened by claims from Donald Trump that South Africa is enabling a “white genocide” through attacks on farmers. The South African government has rejected that claim, as have civil society groups and international observers. President Cyril Ramaphosa has said farm attacks are a serious crime problem, but not genocide.

The issue has become even more contentious because of Gaza .

South Africa’s case against Israel at the ICJ has placed Pretoria in direct conflict with Washington, one of Israel’s strongest allies. On 13 March, the US formally intervened in the case, arguing that Israel does not have the specific intent required to prove genocide under the Genocide Convention.

Washington also said civilian deaths in urban warfare do not by themselves prove genocidal intent.

That position has angered many in South Africa, who see a double standard.

Tensions have also grown because of recent remarks by US Ambassador to South Africa Leo Brent Bozell III. He reportedly expressed frustration over Pretoria’s failure to act on Washington’s so-called “five asks”, which include broad-based black economic empowerment, farm attacks, the ‘Kill the Boer’ song, land expropriation, critical minerals and digital transformation.

That language has been poorly received within the ANC, which sees it as a direct challenge to South Africa’s sovereignty and post-apartheid policy choices. ANC deputy secretary-general Nomvula Mokonyane criticised the ambassador for making “undiplomatic statements”.

For the ANC, the dispute may also bring political benefit. With the 2026 local government elections approaching, the party has an opportunity to present itself once again as a defender of national sovereignty in the face of outside pressure.

Belgium has long faced scrutiny over the killing. A 2002 parliamentary investigation concluded the Belgian state was “morally responsible” for Lumumba’s death.

Prosecutors say Davignon, who was a junior diplomat at the time and later became a European commissioner, is accused of war crimes linked to Lumumba’s unlawful detention or transfer, the denial of his right to an impartial trial, and what they described as “humiliating and degrading treatment.” He is also accused in connection with the deaths of Lumumba’s political allies Maurice Mpolo and Joseph Okito.

Davignon is the only living suspect among those accused of involvement in the killing. The case was brought by Lumumba’s family and later taken up by Belgian federal prosecutors.

After the ruling, Lumumba’s granddaughter Yema Lumumba said it was “a step in the right direction,” adding: “What we want is to search for truth and establish different responsibilities.” The family’s lawyer, Christophe Marchand, called it “a gigantic victory,” saying it is difficult for a country to judge its own colonial crimes.

Lumumba, who was 35 when he was executed, remains a symbol of African independence movements. The only known remains of the slain leader, a single gold-capped tooth, were recovered years later after being held by the family of a deceased Belgian officer linked to the disappearance of his body.

The trip also includes a bilateral meeting with UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer at 10 Downing Street, expected to culminate in the signing of memoranda of understanding and agreements covering trade, investment, defence, immigration and cultural cooperation, the presidency noted in a statement.

A key commercial highlight is Tinubu witnessing the signing of a £746 million financing deal between UK Export Finance (UKEF) and Nigeria’s Ports Authority (NPA) and the Federal Ministry of Finance. The agreement is aimed at supporting the refurbishment of two major maritime facilities, the Lagos Port Complex (Apapa Quays) and the Tin Can Island Port Complex.

During the visit, the royal household is expected to show Tinubu a special exhibition of Nigeria-related items from the Royal Collection. Tinubu is also expected to attend the Nigerian Modernism exhibition and meet Nigerian and British business leaders, as well as members of the diaspora.

Members of Tinubu’s entourage include Senate President Godswill Akpabio, National Security Adviser Nuhu Ribadu, Attorney-General Lateef Fagbemi, and several ministers, including Wale Edun (Finance), Jumoke Oduwole (Trade and Investment), and Bosun Tijani (Communications and Digital Economy).

At the same time, Ramaphosa’s international investment adviser, Alistair Ruiters, has emerged as South Africa’s key channel to US officials, operating as a chief negotiator with Washington while based in Pretoria. Officials have indicated that part of Ruiters’ effectiveness comes from being located in the Presidency, allowing faster decision-making and giving US counterparts access to someone close to the highest office.

The vacancy follows a turbulent period in the relationship. Ramaphosa’s previous envoy to the second Trump administration, Ebrahim Rasool, was declared persona non grata and expelled after comments made during a public webinar. Soon after, Ramaphosa appointed former deputy finance minister Mcebisi Jonas as special envoy, but the Trump administration reportedly denied him a diplomatic visa.

Government officials have told Daily Maverick that, in a shifting diplomatic scene, an unorthodox approach may work better, especially given what they describe as the Trump administration’s preference for unconventional channels. For now, South Africa appears to be relying on a mix of an acting head of mission in Washington and a Presidency-linked negotiator at home, rather than risking another high-profile ambassadorial standoff.

Meanwhile, the South African Department of International Relations and Cooperation (Dirco) confirmed on March 11 that it had démarched Leo Brent Bozell III, less than a month after he arrived in the country, after comments he made about the struggle song “Kill the Boer” sparked a diplomatic backlash.  

The controversy has reignited debate over the chant after South Africa’s Constitutional Court ruled in March 2025 that the phrase does not amount to hate speech under South African law, following a case brought by AfriForum.

The Patriotic Alliance (PA) moved to back Bozell on the chant, even while rejecting claims of “white genocide.” In a statement after PA leader Gayton McKenzie met Bozell, the party said a chant calling for the killing of a specific group is “totally unacceptable” and “hate speech, pure and simple,” adding, “No historical context can justify repeating language that celebrates the killing of fellow citizens.”

But the ANC and EFF were among those who attacked Bozell’s intervention, arguing a foreign ambassador should not undermine South Africa’s institutions or weigh into domestic political disputes. Parliament’s justice committee chair Xola Nqola also supported Dirco’s rebuke, saying, “Contemptuous remarks regarding our judicial system undermine the rule of law that both South Africa and the US state they uphold.”

On the other side, the Freedom Front Plus (FF+) defended Bozell and said it agreed with what it described as US “ conditions ” for improved ties, including denouncing the chant and scrapping the Expropriation Act and BBBEE. Dirco said it would keep monitoring the ambassador’s public conduct, while the department’s director-general said Bozell had apologised and expressed regret, including for remarks that appeared to question the judiciary.

The move followed remarks Bozell made at a BizNews conference in Hermanus, where he was quoted as saying, “I am sorry, I don’t care what your courts say, it’s hate speech,” referring to the chant.  

In March 2025, South Africa’s Constitutional Court refused AfriForum leave to appeal earlier rulings and effectively upheld findings that the chant does not constitute hate speech under South African law . 

Dirco Minister Ronald Lamola said South Africa welcomes public engagement by foreign diplomats, but stressed it must be consistent with diplomatic etiquette and international protocols. He said the department called in Bozell to explain what it described as “undiplomatic remarks”, including comments that appeared to undermine the judiciary.  

Dirco Director-General Zane Dangor said Bozell expressed regret and apologised for the comments, adding this was the department’s second meeting with the ambassador since his arrival in February.  

Asked for comment, a US State Department official said Washington does not discuss private diplomatic conversations.  

The routes had been suspended since early 2020 when North Korea sealed its borders at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, cutting off most cross-border travel.

A strategic railway corridor

The reopening revives a railway corridor long viewed as both a logistical and political bridge between Beijing and Pyongyang.

The Beijing–Pyongyang service is one of the few direct international rail connections into North Korea. Meanwhile, the Dandong route feeds into the P’yŏngŭi Line, a major North Korean trunk railway linking Pyongyang with Sinŭiju on the Chinese border.

A bridge over the Yalu River connects Sinŭiju to Dandong and integrates the line with China’s wider rail network, making it one of the most important overland routes between the two countries.

Chinese authorities have described the trains as a “moving link” strengthening the long-standing friendship between China and North Korea.

Limited access for travellers

Despite the resumption, travel remains tightly controlled.

Travel agents said tickets are currently available only to passengers holding valid visas. This includes Chinese citizens working or studying in North Korea and North Koreans travelling abroad for work, education or family visits.

Tickets for the first train departure reportedly sold out quickly, with passengers including entrepreneurs, government officials and journalists.

International travellers may be allowed on certain carriages of the Beijing–Pyongyang service, though tourism access remains limited.

North Korea’s gradual reopening

The rail resumption comes as North Korea cautiously emerges from years of pandemic isolation.

The country began allowing a limited number of foreign tourists to enter again in 2024. Authorities have also promoted new projects, including a seaside resort, as part of efforts to revive the country’s small tourism sector.

Before the pandemic, Chinese visitors accounted for the majority of foreign tourists entering North Korea.

A diplomatic signal?

The reopening also coincides with renewed diplomatic messaging between the two governments.

North Korean leader Kim Jong-un this week told Chinese President Xi Jinping that cooperation between their countries would grow closer as they pursue what he described as a shared socialist cause.

Kim’s message came in response to a congratulatory letter from Xi after the North Korean leader secured another term as general secretary of the ruling Workers’ Party.

While North Korea has strengthened military ties with Russia , its relationship with China remains a crucial economic and political lifeline — one now visibly reinforced by trains once again crossing the border.

Under diplomatic practice, a host country must issue an agrément, formal consent, before an ambassador can take up the post. Nigeria’s officials told The Punch the hesitation is tied to timing rather than the nominee, with some countries viewing the Tinubu administration as nearing the end of its current term.

The report notes that Nigeria is trying to persuade India to make an exception, arguing that bilateral ties could help “scale through” the hurdle.

Tinubu approved postings for 65 ambassadors-designate and high commissioners on March 6, but the foreign ministry has so far received agrément only from the United Kingdom and France , leaving most deployments pending.

The silence contrasts with BRICS’ frequent calls for a more “multipolar” world order and its ambition to amplify the political influence of developing nations in global affairs.

Several member states have responded individually. China and Russia condemned the strikes and warned they violated international law, while South Africa called for a ceasefire and warned the conflict risked spreading beyond the Middle East.

But the organisation itself — which now includes Iran — has not taken a collective position.

This reflects growing divisions within the bloc, particularly after its rapid expansion.

Fractures within BRICS

Originally formed in 2009 by Brazil, Russia, India and China, with South Africa joining the following year, BRICS began primarily as an economic partnership among emerging economies. In 2024, the group expanded to include Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Ethiopia and Indonesia.

Supporters hailed the enlargement as a milestone for a rising coalition of Global South powers seeking greater influence in international institutions traditionally dominated by the West.

However, the Iran war has highlighted the challenges of maintaining unity among members with competing strategic interests.

Iran, under attack from the U.S. and Israel, has launched retaliatory strikes against American assets across the region, including in Saudi Arabia and the UAE — both fellow BRICS members. The attacks marked the first time one member of the organisation has fired missiles at another, underscoring internal tensions within the bloc.

India’s position has drawn particular attention. As the current BRICS chair, New Delhi has limited its response to calls for dialogue and de-escalation, avoiding direct criticism of Washington or Tel Aviv.

This cautious approach comes as India strengthens ties with both countries. Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Israel weeks before the war began, announcing a “special strategic partnership” that includes defence and technology cooperation.

At the same time, India has sought to stabilise trade relations with the U.S. following tariff disputes with the Trump administration.

Those overlapping relationships have complicated efforts for BRICS to adopt a unified position on the conflict.

While BRICS leaders frequently emphasise their role as a voice for the Global South, the differing responses to the Iran war suggest the alliance still struggles to coordinate on major security crises — even when one of its own members is directly involved.

Flexibility was a crucial strategy in navigating this uncertainty, as exporters redirected shipments towards neighbouring Asian markets and Europe, reducing reliance on the US without stalling overall trade.

“The region’s resilience has been driven by redirecting trade toward alternative markets, which has sustained export growth even as shipments to the United States have declined in some economies,” the ADB said. 

China offers the clearest example. Although its exports to the US fell by nearly 20% in 2025, its global exports still grew. Shipments to other Asian economies and to the European Union and United Kingdom rose strongly, offsetting losses from the American market. 

Japan and South Korea followed a similar path, recording modest declines in US-bound exports but continued global growth.

Elsewhere, performance was even stronger. Taiwan posted the region’s fastest export growth at 35%, driven by soaring global demand for semiconductors linked to artificial intelligence. 

Exports to the US surged, despite tariffs, as buyers prioritised access to advanced chips over higher costs. Several Southeast Asian economies, including Vietnam, the Philippines, and Thailand, also reported double-digit export growth.

Three-pronged strategy

According to the report, three strategies helped firms cope with the new tariff regime. Some exporters absorbed higher costs to retain access to the US market. Others redirected goods to alternative destinations, particularly within Asia. A third group routed trade through tariff-exempt partners such as Canada and Mexico under the USMCA framework.

Asian economies continued moving up global value chains, focusing on higher value-added and more upstream activities. Deeper regional production networks helped cushion shocks from external policy changes and kept factories running.

“The region also continues to structurally upgrade within global value chains, moving into more upstream, higher value-added activities and deepening regional production networks,” the ADB said.

However, the ADB warned that heavy reliance on imported inputs leaves supply chains vulnerable to disruption, while rising geopolitical tensions are pushing up trade costs. Tariffs on metals have already raised production expenses, with pharmaceuticals and semiconductors also exposed.

To sustain resilience, the report urged: “The region should thus promote product and partner diversification, deepen and effectively implement trade agreements, and strengthen trade facilitation and logistics cooperation.”

The visit comes weeks after Israel’s controversial recognition of Somaliland as an independent state. Herzog’s trip is viewed as part of Israel’s diplomatic engagement in the Horn of Africa.

There is speculation that Herzog may seek to convince Ethiopia to also recognise Somaliland. In 2024, landlocked Ethiopia signed an agreement with breakaway Somaliland to obtain access to the Bab El-Mandeb Strait in the Gulf of Aden by leasing a corridor from Somaliland for 50 years. However,  Somalia asserted that Somaliland is part of its territory and rejected the agreement.

Other regional actors have expressed concerns about the recognition of the breakaway region. During a recent visit to Ethiopia, Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said: “I would like to emphasise that Israel’s recognition of Somaliland does not benefit Somaliland or the Horn of Africa.”

On the Middle East, Selassie told Herzog that Ethiopia supports a two-state solution to resolving the Israel-Palestine conflict "where Israelis and Palestinians live side by side in peace".

Herzog also referred to the Ethiopian Jewish community in Israel, stating that it creates a bridge between the two nations. In a statement upon his arrival, he said: “The relationship between our peoples is woven deep into the pages of history and human tradition. At the heart of the story of both our nations lies a clear common thread – the ability to join hands, unite resources of spirit and substance to innovate, develop, and grow for the benefit of all.”

Herzog’s visit is the first presidential trip to Ethiopia since 2018. He met with Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. Abiy said the two leaders discussed “ways to improve collaboration in areas of mutual interest", without providing further details.

The visit follows remarks by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu proposing a network of allied nations in the Middle East and Africa to stand against what he described as “radical” adversaries. He said the proposed “ hexagon of alliances” would include Israel, India, Greece, Cyprus, and others.

Iran and affiliated groups such as Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Houthis in Yemen are widely seen as the primary focus of this proposal.

Among those named were:

The companies span aerospace, shipbuilding, heavy industry and defense-linked manufacturing, which are sectors central to Japan’s military modernization drive.

China’s commerce ministry said the measures are aimed at curbing Japan’s “remilitarisation” and nuclear ambitions and described them as “legitimate, reasonable and lawful.” Tokyo called the move “absolutely unacceptable” and said it had lodged a formal protest.

Why this matters

The export controls are the latest step in a widening economic confrontation triggered by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s remarks in November that Japan could intervene militarily in the event of a Taiwan emergency.

Since then:

Strategic backdrop

Japan has approved a record ¥9 trillion ($57 billion) defense budget and is moving to acquire “counterstrike” capabilities, marking a significant shift from its post-war pacifist posture. China views those steps as destabilizing.

It remains unclear whether rare earth minerals — critical to advanced manufacturing and defense supply chains — are included in the latest restrictions. 

Uncertain global trade

The escalation comes as global trade tensions again rise.

U.S. President Donald Trump has imposed a 15% tariff on all U.S. imports. This, after the Supreme Court struck down his “reciprocal” tariffs, which were found unconstitutional for lacking congressional approval.

The signing covered a grant contract for the “Project for the Development of Supporting Environment for Startups Addressing Social Challenges.” Under the arrangement, JICA will provide $14 million in grant support, while NSIA will contribute up to $20 million as matching funds as part of the wider $50 million initiative.

NSIA said the fund will operate as an onshore public vehicle and will combine financing with technical assistance, helping startups refine products, scale operations and expand into new markets.

NSIA Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer Aminu Umar-Sadiq said the initiative is designed to strengthen early-stage ventures working in high-impact areas.

“The Fund represents a transformative step for Nigeria ’s startup ecosystem,” he said. “By providing early-stage ventures in high-impact sectors with the capital and support they need to grow, we are enabling innovators to tackle some of Nigeria’s most pressing challenges.”

Japan’s Ambassador to Nigeria, Suzuki Hideo, said Japan sees the project as part of a broader cooperation package aligned with its foreign policy priorities.

“This initiative aims to achieve development goals by the ‘co-creation’ of social value through dialogue and collaboration with Japan’s partner countries, while mobilising private finance in combination with ODA,” he said.

Suzuki added that the project is Japan’s first implementation of this development model globally, involving a fund that incorporates private capital, and said interest in Tokyo is high.

“For over 20 years, Brazil, India, Japan and Germany have defended the increase of the UN Security Council,” Lula said, referring to the G4 bloc. “The UN needs more representation.”

The G4 proposal calls for expanding the 15-member Council to 25 seats, adding six permanent and four non-permanent members to better reflect contemporary geopolitical realities.

Lula argued that expanding both permanent and non-permanent categories of membership is necessary for a more credible multilateral system, adding that Brazil and India should be part of any reconfigured Council. 

Framing the bilateral meeting as more than routine diplomacy, Lula described India and Brazil as the two largest democracies in the Global South and as emerging superpowers in their respective domains.

“This is a meeting of superlatives,” Lula said. “We are both mega diverse countries and hubs of the cultural industry and we both defend multilateralism and peace.”

He said closer coordination between New Delhi and Brasília would not only strengthen bilateral ties but also amplify the voice of developing nations in global forums, including the UN, the World Trade Organization and the G20.

Lula also emphasized a shared commitment to multilateralism, dialogue and peace, warning that sustainable development cannot be achieved in a conflict-ridden world.

By elevating their partnership and pressing for Security Council reform, Lula signaled efforts to consolidate India and Brazil’s roles as leading voices for a more assertive Global South.

"India and Brazil's partnership on the global stage has been strong and influential,” he said. “As democratic nations, we will continue to advance the priorities and aspirations of the Global South.” 

“When India and Brazil work together, the voice of the Global South becomes stronger and more confident,” he added. 

Prabowo emphasized Indonesia’s readiness to contribute significantly to the international stabilization effort. 

“There will be problems, but we will prevail. We will achieve our dream of peace in Palestine , a lasting and peaceful solution for the Palestinian problem and in Gaza,” he said. 

At the landmark meeting, Prabowo also reiterated that Indonesia is prepared to provide up to 8,000 troops to the International Stabilization Force, stating, “We are prepared to contribute the troops to take part actively … to make this peace work.”

The announcement aligns with statements from the Indonesian military, which said up to 8,000 personnel could be ready for deployment by June, with an advance team of roughly 1,000 prepared by April. 

The Indonesian National Armed Forces, known as TNI, have finalized the troop structure and a timeline, though actual deployment requires presidential approval and adherence to international mechanisms.

Indonesia’s participation would mark the first formal troop commitment to the U.S.-led Board of Peace stabilization effort in Gaza . The country has long supported Palestinian statehood, provided humanitarian aid, and participated in global peacekeeping.

Prabowo framed the move as both a humanitarian and strategic mission: “The achievements of the ceasefire are real, we commend this and therefore we reaffirm our commitment.” 

“We have to make a meaningful deal. Otherwise, bad things happen,” he added.

Still, Trump appeared to leave the door ajar for reconciliation with Tehran — even the possibility of Iran joining the Board of Peace. "Now is the time for Iran to join us on a path that will complete what we're doing. If they join us, that'll be great. If they don't join us, that'll be great too — but it'll be a very different path," he said. "They cannot continue to threaten the stability of the entire region."

Trump’s remarks came as the United States continues to position military forces in the Middle East , reportedly preparing for a possible strike on Iran as soon as this weekend. 

While Trump has not made a final decision, multiple news outlets, including the New York Times, CBS News, and CNN, report that sufficient air and naval resources are in place for potential military action.

According to senior U.S. officials cited by Reuters, national security advisers have been instructed to ensure all forces are deployed in the region by mid-March. 

The Board of Peace gathering in Washington brought together representatives from more than two dozen countries to discuss reconstruction and stabilization efforts in Gaza.

Trump framed the meeting as part of his broader Middle East strategy, calling the region “the biggest thing of all — we have peace in the Middle East right now.”

Yet the juxtaposition between the diplomatic forum and his stern warning to Tehran highlights the ongoing tension between Trump’s public promotion of stability and the looming possibility of military action.

Iran is expected to submit a written proposal following indirect talks in Geneva this week. 

White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt described the progress as limited, emphasizing that “diplomacy” remains the administration’s “first option,” even as the timeline for potential U.S. action tightens.

According to a statement from the National Intelligence Service (NIS) presented to the House, as of February, 39 Kenyans are hospitalised, 30 have been repatriated, 28 are missing, 35 remain in military camps, 89 are on the frontline, one is detained, and another has completed his contract.

Ichung’wah said the agencies lured recruits with promises of monthly salaries of about $2,300, bonuses ranging between $6,900 and $9,200, and the possibility of Russian citizenship.

He added that some recruits initially travelled through Istanbul in Turkey and Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. Following increased interceptions at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA), others have reportedly begun routing through Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa to avoid detection.

“For the close to over 1,000 estimated to have gone, not all have travelled from Kenya; some are already in the diaspora who have since moved to go and fight in Russia,” he is quoted by the Standard media .

The Majority Leader also alleged that some rogue airport officials and staff in immigration, investigative agencies and employment authorities may have colluded with recruiters. He further claimed that certain individuals at the Russian embassy in Nairobi and the Kenyan embassy in Moscow were involved in facilitating travel visas.

One of the agencies named in Parliament was Global Face Human Resources Limited, which is not accredited by the National Employment Authority. Authorities previously raided a holding base in Athi River, where passports, unsigned contracts and other materials were seized.

Recruits reportedly underwent about three weeks of training in Moscow before being deployed to the battlefield. Some returnees told investigators they were required to open Russian bank accounts and make payments of up to Sh975,000 (about $7,600) during the recruitment process.

Ichung’wah warned that the recruitment poses serious risks to young Kenyans and could strain diplomatic relations.

“We have drastically reduced our presence in Europe and the UK,” Lavrov told lawmakers. “And 90% of these redundant employees have been redeployed to African destinations.”

Since Russia ’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, hundreds of Russian diplomats have been expelled from Western countries amid accusations of espionage and sabotage. According to Russia’s state-run Tass news agency, at least 574 diplomats were declared persona non grata in the first year of the war alone.

As relations with Europe deteriorate and Russia faces economic strain from the war, Africa has emerged as a key arena for Moscow’s diplomatic outreach. Unlike China or the United States , Russia is not offering large-scale infrastructure investments. Instead, it is relying on lower-cost tools of influence.

The Russian Orthodox Church has expanded its presence to at least 34 African countries in recent years. At the same time, Russia has tripled the number of scholarships available to African students to study in Russian universities.

Bloomberg also reported that the Kremlin has created a new international relations department focused on countries selected by President Vladimir Putin, with a special team dedicated to Africa policy .

The strategy allows Moscow to increase its global footprint while avoiding major financial commitments.

“We are a proud nation with a sense of dignity and we want to develop in this spirit, honestly and decently,” he said.

The remarks come as Burkina Faso continues to distance itself from France and strengthen ties with new partners, including Russia . Since a military coup in 2022, the West African country has expelled French troops and ended several long-standing defence agreements.

Despite criticism from some Western governments, Traore rejected claims that Burkina Faso is isolating itself diplomatically.

“At the same time, we are not a closed country,” he said. “We are open to cooperation with all partners provided they treat us with respect and consider our point of view.”

He added that portrayals of Burkina Faso as turning inward are misleading. “In certain circles there is an attempt to depict our country as having taken the path of isolation, but that is simply not true,” he said. “Those who visit Burkina Faso know very well there is enough to be open and sincere to build mutual and beneficial partnerships.”

Burkina Faso is currently governed by a military administration led by Captain Ibrahim Traore and continues to face serious security threats from jihadist insurgents.

Tajikistan is moving toward tougher enforcement against individuals who evade child support obligations. The briefing notes that new penalties may include restrictions on access to certain state services as well as limits on travel for offenders. This signals a stronger domestic policy approach aimed at ensuring compliance and strengthening protections for children and families.

Tajikistan and Switzerland expand agricultural cooperation talks

Diplomatic engagement between Tajikistan and Switzerland is highlighted, with discussions focused on agricultural cooperation . While the briefing does not provide names or specific meeting dates, the emphasis suggests that Tajikistan is seeking stronger international partnerships in agriculture, a key sector for food security and rural livelihoods.

Tajik ambassador meets Iranian Foreign Ministry officials on property management

Tajikistan’s ambassador held talks with officials from Iran’s Foreign Ministry. The discussions centred on the management of diplomatic property , an issue that often reflects broader diplomatic and operational coordination between states. This meeting points to ongoing engagement between Dushanbe and Tehran on formal bilateral matters.

Authorities warn against illegal currency exchange operations

Currency exchange and financial regulation remain in focus, with warnings issued against illegal exchange activity. Exchange rates and regulations indicate continued state attention on monetary controls and enforcement in the financial sector.

The Philippines and the United States conducted a joint sea patrol, signalling a firm position on maritime sovereignty at a time of heightened regional pressure. The patrol reflects Manila’s continued alignment with Washington in asserting its role in contested waters and reinforcing defence cooperation. This development is framed as a strong stance on the Philippines’ maritime rights and security posture.

Senate leaders push for a ceasefire in the China-Philippines diplomatic dispute

Philippine Senate leaders called for a ceasefire amid an ongoing diplomatic dispute between China and the Philippines. The intervention suggests concern within the country’s political leadership over escalation and the need for de-escalatory measures in regional diplomacy. The issue highlights how maritime and foreign policy tensions are now being debated at the highest legislative level.

House panel dismisses impeachment complaints against President Marcos Jr.

A House panel dismissed impeachment complaints filed against President Ferdinand Marcos Jr., effectively shutting down a major political challenge at this stage. The dismissal underscores the President’s continued institutional support within Congress and signals the difficulty of advancing impeachment efforts in the current balance of power.

Major raid exposes illegal cigarette factory tied to politicians and trafficking

Authorities carried out a major raid uncovering an illegal cigarette factory , reportedly linked to politicians and connected with human trafficking. The case highlights the intersection of organised crime, illicit manufacturing, and political protection networks, raising broader concerns about governance and enforcement capacity.

Comelec strained by budget shortfall ahead of Antipolo special election

The Commission on Elections (Comelec) is facing a budget shortfall in preparation for a special election in Antipolo, triggered by the death of a lawmaker . The situation points to logistical and financial vulnerabilities in election administration, even for single-district contests, and raises questions about institutional readiness for broader electoral demands.

He emphasised that Cuba does not view the American people as adversaries and highlighted past areas of cooperation between the two countries, including in science, culture, health, sports and religion. According to Díaz-Canel, previous exchanges have shown that there are shared interests where both sides can work together when conditions allow.

The Cuban leader also criticised recent US measures, including tariffs authorised by President Donald Trump on countries supplying oil to Cuba, describing them as an effective energy blockade with serious economic consequences. His comments come after Washington announced new restrictions in January, amid growing tensions and renewed rhetoric over Cuba’s economic crisis and energy shortages.

Venezuelan Acting President Delcy Rodríguez met US Chargé d’Affaires Laura Dogu at the Miraflores Presidential Palace on the afternoon of  Monday, February 2, in what Communications Minister Miguel Pérez Pirela described as part of a “working agenda” between Caracas and Washington. National Assembly President Jorge Rodríguez also attended. Dogu confirmed the meeting on social media, saying she reiterated US Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s proposed “three-phase plan” for Venezuela: “stabilisation, economic recovery and reconciliation, and transition.” Dogu arrived in Caracas on Saturday, January 31, pledging her team was “ready to work,” as US officials continue assessing conditions for reopening the US embassy. Foreign Minister Yván Gil said Venezuela seeks cooperation on “issues of bilateral interest,” and announced that Félix Plasencia will serve as Venezuela’s diplomatic representative in the United States and will travel to Washington soon.

US issues OFAC license delaying Citgo debt actions

The US Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) issued a new license on Monday, February 2, allowing holders of Petróleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA) bonds maturing in 2020 to conduct certain transactions beginning March 20, while keeping the Citgo auction blocked. The measure effectively delays creditors from invoking US courts to collect debts against Citgo Petroleum Corporation. The Venezuelan government has condemned the process authorising the auction as “fraudulent,” arguing the country was excluded from legal proceedings and denied the right to defend itself. Caracas has also warned that the “illegal sale” of its main foreign asset is in its “final phase,” and maintains the US judicial process violates international law.

Delcy Rodríguez proposes mass amnesty and justice reforms

Acting President Delcy Rodríguez announced on Friday, January 30, a proposal for a broad amnesty law covering “the entire period of political violence from 1999 to the present.” Speaking at the Venezuelan supreme court before top officials, Rodríguez said the measure aims to “heal the wounds left by political confrontation, fuelled by violence and extremism,” while also launching a “major national consultation for a new judicial system.” She further announced plans to close El Helicoide prison in Caracas—long criticised by rights groups—and convert the facility into a sports, cultural, and commercial centre for police families and surrounding communities.

Brazilian labour leader warns US aims to dominate Venezuelan oil

A senior Brazilian labour leader accused Washington of targeting Venezuela’s energy sector to gain control over its oil resources, warning that US actions mirror strategies used to reshape Brazil’s own industry. Deyvid Bacelar, general coordinator of Brazil’s Unified Federation of Oil Workers (FUP), told Xinhua that US pressure “has nothing to do with defending democracy or combating drug trafficking,” but instead seeks “imperial domination and the appropriation of natural wealth.” He argued weakening PDVSA would open the door for US firms, and compared the situation to Brazil’s Operation Car Wash (Lava Jato), which he claimed facilitated foreign access to Petrobras-linked deep-water reserves.

Chinese refiners shift to Iranian crude as Venezuelan shipments stall

Chinese independent refiners are reportedly purchasing discounted Iranian heavy crude to replace Venezuelan shipments that have slowed sharply after the US claimed control of Venezuela’s oil sales last month. Sources said the drawdown of Iranian oil stored in China and on ships is helping cover the drop in Venezuelan supply. Venezuelan shipments to China reportedly fell significantly after mid-December following a US blockade on sanctioned vessels, amid a broader campaign that culminated in Nicolás Maduro’s capture by US forces on January 3. Washington has reportedly assigned trading firms Vitol and Trafigura to market Venezuelan crude, but China’s “teapot” refiners in Shandong have prioritised heavily discounted sanctioned grades over Venezuelan cargoes and other alternatives.

The event was attended by senior officials and diplomats, including Peru’s Minister of Culture Alfredo Luna and Yi Yuanqing, a business representative from the Chinese Embassy. Authorities described the celebration as a symbol of shared heritage between two ancient civilisations and an opportunity to strengthen people-to-people links through culture.

However, the festivities unfolded against the backdrop of mounting scrutiny over President José Jeri’s unregistered private meetings with Chinese businessman Zhihua Yang. The meetings are currently under prosecutorial investigation amid allegations of possible influence-peddling, which the president has denied, dismissing the claims as politically motivated. Government officials said the administration is cooperating with authorities as the inquiry continues ahead of Peru’s upcoming elections .

The South African government said the decision followed what it described as a “series of unacceptable violations of diplomatic norms and practice.”

Among the main concerns were claims that official Israeli social media platforms had been used to launch insulting attacks against President Cyril Ramaphosa. DIRCO said such actions represented a gross abuse of diplomatic privilege and undermined trust between the two countries.

The department also accused Israel of failing to inform South Africa about visits by senior Israeli officials, which it said violated established diplomatic protocol.

Breach of the Vienna Convention

South Africa argued that these actions amounted to a “fundamental breach” of the Vienna Convention, the international framework that governs diplomatic conduct and relations between states. “They have systematically undermined the trust and protocols essential for bilateral relations,” DIRCO said.

The government stressed that South Africa’s sovereignty and the dignity of its institutions are “inviolable.”

South Africa urged the Israeli government to ensure that future diplomatic engagement respects the Republic’s laws and international principles.

Israel has not yet publicly responded to the decision.

Authorities in Ouagadougou framed the decision as a step towards strengthening economic, cultural and people -to-people ties across the continent. The move aligns with Pan-African integration goals championed by the African Union, including the long-term objective of freer movement of people within Africa, even as practical and security-related restrictions remain in place.

Burkina Faso’s policy mirrors similar approaches adopted by other African states seeking to encourage regional tourism and business travel. Countries such as Rwanda, Ghana and Kenya have taken comparable steps in recent years, reducing visa barriers for African travellers in an effort to boost trade and connectivity within the continent.

The visa fee waiver also carries symbolic weight at a time when Burkina Faso is redefining its regional and diplomatic relationships. Despite ongoing security challenges and its withdrawal from ECOWAS, the government has presented the measure as a signal of continued engagement with Africa at large, prioritising continental links over traditional regional blocs.

The friendly rally came after Koizumi suggested the game on learning that Ahn plays table tennis regularly, turning a tightly choreographed diplomatic visit into a moment of informal rapport.

Koizumi proposed a simple challenge — to keep the ball in play for 10 exchanges — but the opening rally fell just short. A second attempt stretched longer, drawing smiles and encouragement from both sides.

After four short games, the impromptu contest ended in a 2-2 draw, with Koizumi praising Ahn’s technique and joking that he would need more practice.

The South Korean defence ministry later said the exchange reflected growing camaraderie between the two leaders, adding that the relaxed atmosphere carried over from their formal talks.

Productive talks

In a joint statement, the ministers agreed to resume bilateral search and rescue exercises between the two navies, reviving drills that have been suspended for nine years.

They also committed to deepening defence cooperation through regular ministerial talks and annual reciprocal visits, as security concerns in the region continue to mount.

The meeting marked Ahn’s first official visit to Japan since taking office, and comes amid a broader thaw in relations between the two neighbours after years of friction rooted in historical disputes.

In their joint statement, the ministers reaffirmed support for the “complete denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula” and underscored the importance of close coordination with the United States .

While North Korea was not named directly, Seoul later said the talks included agreement to strengthen bilateral and trilateral cooperation to address Pyongyang’s advancing nuclear and missile capabilities.

The use of the phrase “ denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula ” echoed language favoured in past diplomatic efforts, as South Korea seeks to keep channels open to the North despite stalled dialogue.

The ping-pong match follows other recent displays of what officials have described as “soft diplomacy” between Tokyo and Seoul, including a joint drum performance by the two countries’ leaders earlier this month.

The talks covered cooperation in space exploration and the use of Russian space technologies in Burkina Faso. Both sides also reaffirmed their commitment to working through United Nations frameworks to address concerns about the militarisation of outer space.

During the meeting, Gorbunov presented the prime minister with Burkina Faso’s national flag, which had spent about six months aboard the International Space Station during his mission.

The engagement builds on a September agreement signed in Bamako, where officials from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger reached a deal with Russia’s space agency, Roscosmos, to jointly develop telecommunications and remote-sensing satellites.

The initiative is intended to support regional priorities such as strengthening security , improving disaster response and expanding high-speed internet access.

Dr Joseph Siegle, who leads research on Russian influence in Africa at the Africa Centre for Strategic Studies, said Moscow’s engagement is driven more by geostrategic goals than long-term economic investment.

Russia has positioned itself as an alternative ally by offering diplomatic backing and security cooperation to the transitional governments in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, he said.

Siegle also described the AES as largely symbolic, warning that the three governments lack the economic and security capacity to operate as a cohesive bloc. “The promotion appears intended more to enhance the international credibility of these governments than to achieve tangible regional cooperation,” he told Space in Africa .

The MEDP includes a dispute-resolution clause that allows for arbitration. According to Rwanda, the dispute relates to the UK’s non-compliance with specific commitments under the treaty.

In June 2024, the UK and Rwanda exchanged diplomatic notes agreeing to two financial contributions of £50 million each, scheduled for April 2025 and April 2026. These payments were intended to support refugee hosting and economic integration in Rwanda. Rwanda asserts that the UK has failed to make these payments.

The agreement also included arrangements for the UK to resettle some of the most vulnerable refugees hosted in Rwanda. However, these arrangements were never finalised. 

Following the January 2024 election, the new UK government announced that the partnership would be discontinued. 

Rwanda argues that these announcements were made before the treaty's formal termination procedures were followed and that all obligations incurred while the treaty was active remain valid under international law.

Rwanda says it first attempted to resolve the issue through diplomatic engagement. When no agreement was reached, it proceeded to initiate arbitration, as provided by the treaty. 

The UK had originally proposed the MEDP as part of its strategy to manage irregular migration. The plan was consistent with Rwanda’s refugee policies and aligned with its cooperation with the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR).

Michael Butera, Chief Technical Advisor to Rwanda’s Minister of Justice, said: “Rwanda attempted at first to clarify positions and explore possible paths forward, indicating openness to discussion, including on the orderly conclusion of the partnership, provided that any arrangements were mutually agreed and legally consistent.” 

“As these discussions did not result in a shared understanding, we exercised the dispute-resolution option expressly provided in the treaty,” he told the New Times .

Regarding the expected outcome, Butera said: “Through arbitration, Rwanda seeks a legal determination of the parties’ respective rights and obligations under the treaty, in accordance with international law.” 

He affirmed that Rwanda remains committed to collaboration on migration, refugee protection and development, based on “respect for the rule of law, reciprocity between partners, and the orderly resolution of disputes through agreed legal frameworks.”

The MEDP was originally announced by the UK Government on April 14, 2022, under former Prime Minister Rishi Sunak as a partnership with the Rwandan Government to process and resettle asylum seekers arriving in the UK without authorisation to the East African nation. The initiative aimed to curb illegal entry, especially via small boats across the English Channel.

It was subsequently renamed the UK-Rwanda Asylum Partnership. Through this agreement, individuals seeking asylum in the UK would be relocated to Rwanda before their asylum applications were considered.

However, in November 2023, the UK Supreme Court ruled the policy unlawful due to safety concerns in Rwanda. Following a change in government, the plan was officially cancelled in July 2024, after the passage of the Safety of Rwanda Act in April 2024. 

Tulfo accused the embassy of attempting to export censorship to a country that he said “fought, bled, and died to be free.”

“We are told that criticizing a foreign head of state is completely unacceptable. Let me say this then: If you do not like how democracy works in this country, then you are free to leave the Philippines. Get the f**k out,” Tulfo said.

“We do not take lessons on democracy from a government that jails critics. We do not take lectures on free speech from a system that suppresses it. Our house, our terms. Respect is not demanded — it is earned. And it is mutual,” he added.

Tulfo’s remarks came amid tensions over the West Philippine Sea, where he condemned Chinese statements threatening Filipino officials with unspecified “consequences” for defending Philippine sovereignty. 

The Chinese embassy responded sharply through Deputy Spokesperson Guo Wei, asserting Beijing’s right to defend itself. 

“You have the freedom to attack others. We also have the right to defend ourselves—and push back. Freedom of speech, after all,” Guo said, warning Tulfo to consider the diplomatic implications of his statements.

The incident has prompted calls within the Philippine Senate to escalate the matter. 

Senate President Vicente Sotto III suggested the chamber study the possibility of recommending Guo be declared persona non grata, a diplomatic measure that would formally declare him unwelcome. 

The diplomatic spat follows a Senate resolution earlier this month, signed by 15 senators, condemning public statements by the Chinese embassy that questioned the legitimacy of Philippine officials defending the country’s maritime rights. 

In a social media post, the embassy dismissed the resolution, stating that “echoes do not make a claim true” and that arguments, not numbers, should stand up to scrutiny.

Why it matters

What’s in it for India

What’s in it for the EU

What’s driving the push now

What they said

Geopolitics behind it

What happens next

Once concluded, the India–EU FTA would mark a rare moment of trade liberalisation in a protectionist era — binding two uneasy but increasingly aligned partners as global commerce splinters.

Ecuador’s government, led by President Daniel Noboa, announced the tariffs earlier this week, framing them as a response to what it described as a lack of reciprocity from Colombia on security cooperation. The measure affects a range of Colombian products and adds strain to an already delicate bilateral relationship.

“We sold them energy when they needed it,” Petro said, referring to electricity exports provided since late 2024. He added that now Ecuador’s situation has stabilised, the decision appeared driven more by political alignment than by regional solidarity, criticising what he described as diplomacy based on confrontation rather than cooperation.

Colombia and Ecuador maintain close economic and security ties, sharing a long and porous border that has required joint efforts against organised crime and smuggling.

“Both sides hope to accelerate negotiations on the (COC) in the South China Sea,” Chinese Ambassador to Manila Jing Quan said this week, adding that consultations were becoming “more frequent and more intensive” as talks gain momentum under the Philippines’ watch.

Negotiations for the code formally began only in 2018 — sixteen years after China and ASEAN signed a non-binding declaration committing to a future code — while tensions at sea have steadily worsened.

For claimant states such as the Philippines, Vietnam and Malaysia, the slow pace has carried real costs. 

The 2002 declaration failed to prevent China from consolidating control over contested features, including the 2012 standoff at Ayungin (Second Thomas) Shoal, which sharply escalated bilateral tensions with Manila.

The Philippines responded by taking China to international arbitration in 2013, culminating in a 2016 ruling that invalidated Beijing’s sweeping maritime claims and affirmed Manila’s sovereign rights within its exclusive economic zone. China has rejected the ruling outright and continues to operate as if it does not exist.

Why does China want a COC?

Against this backdrop, China’s eagerness to finalise a COC raises a central question: why now? 

China now exercises full control over many of the islands and de facto control over Scarborough Shoal, while its artificial islands in the Spratlys are equipped with airstrips, ports and military infrastructure that no other claimant can match.

A 2021 study by the Stockton Center for International Law argued that, having completed these projects, China has “nothing to lose and everything to gain” from a binding code that would freeze the status quo.

Provisions reportedly pushed by Beijing would do just that. Restrictions on future land reclamation or military upgrades would prevent other claimants from responding to China’s extensive build-up, effectively cementing an imbalance created unilaterally over the past decade.

Considering this, the study suggested that “ASEAN should insist that China demilitarize its SCS outposts and remediate the damage to the marine environment caused by its reclamation activities.” 

Nearly one-third of global maritime commerce transits the South China Sea each year, including trillions of dollars’ worth of goods and energy supplies. For ASEAN states, any agreement that curtails lawful economic or security partnerships carries consequences far beyond diplomacy.

China’s push for a code of conduct, then, is not simply about managing disputes. 

It is about formalising a strategic reality Beijing has already created — using a multilateral framework to legitimise dominance while constraining the choices of its neighbours, even as tensions on the water remain unresolved.

Toumba held a meeting with the Association of Traditional Chiefs of Niger, reaffirming the role of customary authorities in national cohesion and governance . The discussion focused on social stability, community leadership, and the continued involvement of traditional institutions in addressing local challenges, underlining their influence in mediating between the state and grassroots communities.

Bakary Sangaré receives five newly appointed ambassadors in Niamey

Niger’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bakary Sangaré, formally received the credentials of five new ambassadors posted to Niamey. The diplomatic ceremony marked a step in strengthening bilateral relations and reaffirmed Niger’s engagement with international partners amid ongoing political and security transitions.

General Abdourahamane Tiani meets Chinese ambassador Lyu Guijun to discuss Niger–China relations

General Abdourahamane Tiani received China’s ambassador to Niger, Lyu Guijun, in talks focused on the state of Niger–China relations. The meeting addressed ongoing cooperation, development partnerships, and areas of mutual interest, reflecting Niger’s efforts to maintain strategic international ties following recent geopolitical shifts.

Keys handed over for 100 social housing units allocated to Nigerien civil servants

Authorities in Niger officially handed over the keys to 100 newly constructed social housing units designated for civil servants. The initiative forms part of efforts to improve living conditions , support public sector workers, and address housing shortages, particularly in urban centres.

Agronomists present a national agricultural development plan to the prime minister

A group of agronomists presented a comprehensive agricultural development plan to the Prime Minister of Niger, Ali Mahaman Lamine Zeine, outlining proposals aimed at improving productivity, food security, and rural livelihoods. The plan reflects the government’s focus on agriculture as a strategic sector for economic resilience and long-term development.

Who’s in so far:

Why it matters:

How it works:

The catch:

Who runs day-to-day decisions:

Russia factor:

Paraguay’s government insists it is prepared to adhere to environmental standards agreed with the European Union as part of the broader Mercosur–EU trade framework. Minister Juan José Vidal emphasised that ongoing efforts to improve forest governance, agricultural practices and land management put Paraguay in a good position to comply with obligations tied to market access. Officials said compliance would enhance Paraguayan products’ competitiveness in the EU while aligning with sustainability goals. Environmental groups and industry stakeholders have welcomed the commitment but underline that effective implementation and monitoring will be key. The government argues that meeting these standards will open new opportunities for Paraguay within the global trade system.

Senacsa highlights boost for Paraguayan beef after Mercosur‑EU agreement

Paraguay’s National Animal Health and Quality Service (Senacsa) has reported a significant positive impact on the country’s beef sector following the Mercosur–European Union trade agreement, with expanded access to EU markets and a clearer framework for sanitary and phytosanitary standards. According to Senacsa officials, Paraguayan producers are now better positioned to meet stringent import requirements, which could increase export volumes and strengthen the sector’s international competitiveness. The agency emphasised improvements in traceability systems, animal health protocols and certification processes as key factors that have helped beef exporters capitalise on new opportunities. Industry representatives said that the agreement not only opens doors to higher‑value markets but also incentivises investment in quality improvements across the value chain. The development comes at a time when Paraguay is seeking to diversify its export destinations and enhance agricultural productivity while maintaining high animal health standards.

Paraguay marks 110 years since Chaco War combatants’ resolve

Paraguay commemorated the 110th anniversary of the entry of Chaco War veteran Francisco “Chico” López Soler into combat, celebrating his legacy and that of other ex-combatants in the 1932–35 conflict with Bolivia. Government officials and veterans’ groups held ceremonies in Asunción, highlighting national pride, remembrance and the sacrifices of those who fought in one of Paraguay’s defining historical episodes. The Chaco War, a bitter struggle over control of the Gran Chaco region, remains a touchstone of national identity. The anniversary events included tributes, military honours and reflections on peace and regional cooperation today. Organisers emphasised the importance of preserving historical memory for future generations.

Mercosur looks to Asian partners amid trade diversification efforts

Paraguayan Foreign Minister Julio César Arriola said Mercosur bloc nations are increasingly eyeing Asian markets as part of a strategic effort to diversify trade and reduce dependency on traditional partners. Arriola highlighted growing interest from countries such as China, Japan and South Korea, noting that deepening economic ties with Asia could boost exports of agricultural commodities, industrial goods and services. He stressed that Mercosur’s internal reforms and external engagement strategies are designed to enhance competitiveness in fast-growing economies. The push reflects broader geopolitical and economic shifts as Latin American exporters adapt to evolving global demand patterns. Business leaders called for investment in logistics and value-added production to fully leverage new opportunities.

National museum uses chairs to tell Paraguay’s social history

A unique exhibit at Paraguay’s Museo del Barro uses chairs as storytelling devices to explore the country’s social and cultural history, from colonial times to the modern era. Each chair represents a different historical period, social group or lived experience from indigenous communities and rural workers to urban families and artists. Curators said the installation invites visitors to “sit with history,” offering insights into how everyday objects reflect identity, power and societal change. The museum’s approach blends material culture with narrative art, making history tangible and accessible. Local educators praised the exhibit as a valuable tool for learning and community engagement.

For Mercosur members — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay — the agreement offers expanded access to one of the world’s largest consumer markets. Reduced tariffs on agricultural goods, raw materials and manufactured products are expected to boost exports and attract foreign investment, particularly in sectors where South American economies hold competitive advantages. Supporters argue the deal could strengthen regional supply chains and provide developing economies with greater leverage in global trade negotiations traditionally dominated by the United States and China.

From a broader Global South perspective, the EU–Mercosur pact represents an alternative model of economic integration. Unlike extractive or narrowly strategic partnerships, the agreement includes provisions on labour standards, environmental commitments and regulatory cooperation. While critics question enforcement mechanisms, European officials frame the deal as a template for future agreements with developing regions seeking market access without abandoning multilateral norms.

However, the agreement also exposes long-standing asymmetries between developed and developing economies. Concerns persist that South American industries may struggle to compete with European manufacturers, potentially reinforcing dependency on commodity exports. Civil society groups in Latin America warn that environmental and indigenous protections could be weakened by increased pressure on land use, while European farmers fear intensified competition from lower-cost agricultural imports.

As ratification debates unfold on both sides of the Atlantic, the EU–Mercosur agreement is emerging as a test case for the Global South’s role in the evolving world economy. Whether it becomes a catalyst for inclusive growth and diversification — or deepens existing inequalities — will depend not only on trade flows, but on how both blocs balance economic ambition with social, environmental and geopolitical responsibility.