The Namibian government has launched a Work Integrated Learning Policy , targeting one of the country’s most pressing challenges: youth unemployment. The policy is designed to bridge the gap between education and the labour market by embedding practical work experience into training systems. In Namibia, where youth unemployment remains persistently high by regional standards, policymakers have increasingly focused on skills alignment and employability as key levers for economic inclusion. This move signals a shift away from purely academic pathways toward industry-linked training, with the expectation that graduates will enter the workforce with relevant, job-ready skills.

Economic outlook hints at a gradual recovery toward 2027

Namibia’s economy grew by 1.7% in 2025 , missing expectations due to sharp declines in the diamond sector, livestock farming and investment. Growth started stronger early in the year but weakened overall. Analysts say early signs of recovery are emerging, supported by policy measures, monetary easing and rising credit activity, though the impact will take time to filter through. Growth is projected at 2%–2.5% in 2026, driven by agriculture, uranium and services, with stronger gains expected from 2027 onwards. Potential oil and gas investments could further boost the outlook, while household demand remains weak due to slow policy transmission.

Private sector leadership shifts as NCCI appoints new chairman

The election of Vetumbuavi Mungunda as chairman of the Namibia Chamber of Commerce and Industry (NCCI) marks a notable development in the country’s business landscape. The NCCI plays a central role in representing private sector interests, engaging with government on policy and promoting investment. Leadership changes at this level often signal shifts in advocacy priorities, particularly around business climate reforms, access to finance and support for small and medium-sized enterprises. Mungunda’s appointment comes at a time when closer public-private collaboration is seen as critical to unlocking growth.

Digital payments strategy targets financial modernisation

The Bank of Namibia (BoN), in collaboration with PAN, has launched a new payment system strategy aimed at modernising the country’s financial infrastructure . The initiative is expected to expand digital payment adoption, improve transaction efficiency and strengthen financial inclusion. Across Africa, central banks are increasingly prioritising digital systems to reduce reliance on cash and integrate informal sectors into the formal economy. For Namibia, this strategy aligns with broader efforts to build a more resilient and accessible financial system, particularly for underserved populations.

Gold supply deal signals strategic reserve strengthening

The Bank of Namibia has secured a gold supply deal , reinforcing its reserve assets. Gold remains a key instrument for central banks seeking to hedge against currency volatility and global economic uncertainty. The agreement suggests Namibia is taking steps to strengthen its macroeconomic buffers, particularly in a volatile global environment. This also reflects a wider trend among emerging markets to increase gold holdings as part of reserve diversification strategies.

By comparison, workplace happiness levels stood at 57% in Australia, 56% in Singapore and 47% in Hong Kong.

The findings are based on an online survey conducted by research firm Nature between October and November 2025, involving around 1,000 Indonesian respondents aged 18 to 64.

Beyond general satisfaction, the report found that 86% of workers feel valued by their employers, while 75% say their work is fulfilling or meaningful.

Not just about salary

The survey indicates that workplace happiness in Indonesia is shaped largely by non-financial factors rather than salary alone.

The most frequently cited contributor was strong relationships with colleagues or teams, mentioned by 77% of respondents. Workers also highlighted convenient workplace locations (76%) and having meaningful work (75%) as major drivers of satisfaction.

Although wages remain important, only 54% of respondents said higher pay was their main aspiration, suggesting that salary is not the dominant factor behind workplace wellbeing.

According to Wisnu Dharmawan, acting managing director of Jobstreet by SEEK Indonesia, competitive wages may help attract workers, but long-term satisfaction depends on whether employees feel their work has purpose and whether they can maintain work–life balance.

Gen X is the happiest

The report also found variations in workplace happiness across demographic groups and industries.

Generation X recorded the highest satisfaction levels at 85%, followed by Millennials at 84%, while Generation Z reported the lowest score at 76%.

Industry also plays a role. The technology sector recorded the highest happiness level at 93%, reflecting strong workplace culture and career prospects.

Geographically, Greater Jakarta recorded the highest satisfaction at 87%, compared with 75% in western parts of Indonesia.

Burnout, job security concerns

Despite the high levels of reported happiness, workplace pressures remain present.

The survey found that 56% of workers experience heavy workloads, while 44% report stress and 43% say they have experienced burnout.

Around 40% of workers who described themselves as happy also reported feeling mentally exhausted, highlighting the complex relationship between job satisfaction and workplace demands.

Meanwhile 42% of respondents said they are concerned about job security due to the rise of artificial intelligence, particularly in the technology sector.

Broader reasons behind workforce satisfaction

Indonesia’s broader labour environment may also shape workplace conditions.

According to the International Labour Organization , the country has developed a comprehensive legal and institutional framework to combat forced labour and human trafficking, with laws and enforcement mechanisms that apply across different employment sectors.

The government is also moving to increase wages. Under a new wage-setting framework signed by President Prabowo Subianto, Indonesia’s minimum wage is expected to rise by around 5% to 7% in 2026.

In Jakarta, where the current minimum wage is about Rp5.4 million ($318) per month, the formula suggests a potential increase to around Rp5.68 million ($334) to Rp5.77 million ($339) in 2026, depending on economic growth data.

Authorities say 22 victims were rescued during a police operation last September, while three other Kenyans linked to the same pipeline later returned home with injuries after landing on the front line, according to the prosecution.

The case comes amid growing scrutiny of claims that large numbers of Kenyans have been drawn into Russia’s military through recruitment networks. A recent intelligence report presented to Kenya’s parliament put the figure at about 1,000 Kenyans recruited in recent months, many allegedly lured by offers of well-paid civilian work before being pushed into military contracts.

Omwamba pleaded not guilty, while his lawyer, Bonaventure Otieno, dismissed the case as being built on “speculations” and “hearsay.”

The Russian embassy in Nairobi has denied accusations of recruiting Kenyans under false pretences, calling the claims a “dangerous and misleading propaganda campaign,” according to reports.

According to Statistics South Africa, net total employment rose by 21,000 in the final quarter of 2025 compared with the same period a year earlier. The biggest job gains were recorded in community and social services (46,000), construction (35,000) and finance (32,000).

Jobs declined in trade (98,000), manufacturing (61,000) and mining (5,000). A sharp loss of 293,000 informal jobs also kept overall unemployment high. Statistician-General Risenga Maluleke said many informal traders were removed from Johannesburg’s streets ahead of the G20 leaders’ summit in November, contributing to the decline.

Further, improved electricity supply and easing logistics bottlenecks have helped stabilise business conditions . Analysts expect inflation to moderate this year and next, with Morgan Stanley projecting possible interest rate cuts beginning next month and forecasting stronger growth in 2026. 

The International Monetary Fund estimates South Africa’s economy will expand by 1.4% this year, slightly up from 1.3% in 2025,  a modest improvement but still below levels needed to significantly reduce unemployment. An expanded definition of unemployment, which includes discouraged job seekers, edged down to 42.1%.

Instead, many reportedly find themselves sent to the frontlines of the war .

Promised jobs, delivered to war

Families say communication often stops shortly after the recruits arrive in Russia. Some receive brief messages saying they are being deployed to the battlefield and will not be allowed to carry phones.

“We don’t know whether he is alive or dead,” said one Kenyan relative whose brother travelled to Russia last year after being promised a job. “He told us to pray for him.”

Investigative group All Eyes on Wagner (AEOW), which tracks mercenary activity, recently published a report listing 1,417 fighters from 35 African countries who joined the Russian army between 2023 and mid-2025. According to the report, at least 316 of them have died.

Egypt had the largest number of identified recruits, while Cameroon recorded some of the highest losses. The group estimates a mortality rate of more than 22 percent among the listed fighters, not including those wounded or missing. Ukraine has also claimed that more than 1,400 Africans from 36 countries are fighting for Russia.

Recruitment network

Reports from different African countries suggest the recruitment methods are similar. In Ghana, 14 men were allegedly lured with promises of agricultural and security jobs in 2024. Only three were known to be alive a month later.

In South Africa, several individuals were charged over the alleged recruitment of young men who were reportedly promised jobs or education opportunities but ended up in combat zones.

Some recruits sign contracts written in Russian, which they may not fully understand. Ukrainian officials have described the contracts as “equivalent to signing a death sentence." 

Experts say Russia has long relied on foreign fighters and private military networks. “If those guys die, who cares?” one international relations professor in Egypt said, suggesting foreign recruits may draw less domestic attention inside Russia.

Government warnings and rescue efforts

Several African governments have warned citizens to verify overseas job offers through official channels. Kenya’s Prime Cabinet Secretary Musalia Mudavadi recently urged young people to confirm employment opportunities with the Ministries of Labour and Foreign Affairs before travelling abroad.

Kenyan authorities say they have rescued some citizens caught up in the conflict. However, families claim the number of affected individuals could be much higher than officially acknowledged.

In Egypt, authorities have tightened travel requirements for citizens heading to Russia and warned that serving in a foreign military could carry serious legal consequences at home.

Desperation and risk

Analysts say high unemployment and economic hardship across parts of Africa make young people vulnerable to such schemes. The promise of stable income in foreign currency can be powerful, especially for families struggling with rising living costs.

But once in Russia, some recruits allegedly discover they have few options. Returning home may be difficult, and leaving a military contract can carry severe penalties.

For many families, the biggest pain is the silence.

“We just want to know the truth,” said one relative. “Is he alive? Is he coming back?”

According to recent data, Nigeria records around 7.5 million live births annually, while Europe, together with Russia, see roughly 6.3 million births per year.

Nigeria’s high fertility rate, which averages around 4.6 births per woman, plays a big role in these figures. That rate is well above global averages and far higher than most of Europe, where fertility rates commonly fall below replacement level (about 1.4 to 1.6 children per woman).

By contrast, much of Europe has a deeply aged population and decades of low birth rates. Countries such as Italy, Spain and Germany have fertility well under replacement level, contributing to slower natural population growth and, in some cases, declining native population totals.

Russia in particular illustrates this trend as its fertility rate is among the lowest in the world at roughly 1.4 births per woman, and official statistics show persistent declines in the number of births as the population ages.

Low fertility rates in Europe are already prompting incentives for families, reforms in parental support, and debates about immigration policy as governments seek ways to stabilise future population size and workforce strength.

Nigeria’s youth-heavy population and higher birth rates, on the other hand, have helped it become a demographic powerhouse , even as many European countries confront ageing populations, shrinking workforces and fiscal pressures linked to elder care.

Nigeria’s demographic trends also carry implications. Rapid population growth can fuel economic expansion if accompanied by investment in education, health and employment.

The World Economic Forum suggests that "A population projected to reach 400 million by 2050 needs jobs aligned with a fast-digitising economy. But youth unemployment remains among the highest globally, with 23% of young Nigerians actively looking for work, while another 32% are out of employment altogether. Employers also report persistent shortages in technical and digital skills, underscoring the need for coordinated investment."

It came amid rising concerns over India’s always-on corporate culture and its impact on health and productivity.

The bill was moved by Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) MP Supriya Sule, who argued that constant digital connectivity has blurred the line between professional and personal time. 

In a video message shared on X, she said the legislation aims to promote “a better quality of life and a healthier work-life balance by reducing burnout caused by today’s digital culture .”

At its core, the draft law states that employees should not be compelled to respond to any electronic communication from their employer once official hours have ended. The measure seeks to formalise boundaries that, according to Sule, have steadily eroded as remote working and smartphone-based office systems have become entrenched in many sectors.

The bill also proposes the creation of an Employees’ Welfare Authority, which would oversee implementation, ensure compliance, and advocate for workers’ digital rights. For employers who violate the rules, the draft outlines penalties, including a fine amounting to 1% of the total remuneration paid by the organisation. The intention, its author argues, is to incentivise companies to respect defined work limits.

Another key provision concerns unpaid labour. The bill stipulates that any employee required to work beyond official hours must receive overtime pay at the normal wage rate. This clause responds to widespread complaints that digital tools, though enabling flexibility, have fuelled a surge in uncompensated extra work in India’s knowledge-driven industries.

The proposal also includes softer measures, such as workplace counselling on healthy technology use and the establishment of digital detox centres designed to help workers reduce screen-time and rebuild personal relationships. These additions frame the bill not simply as a labour reform, but as a broader wellbeing intervention.

As a private member’s bill, the legislation faces long odds. In India’s parliamentary history , such bills are rarely enacted; most are either withdrawn after debate or lapse without a vote once the government responds. 

Nonetheless, Sule introduced two further private member’s bills the same day—one offering paid paternal leave and another seeking to grant platform-based gig workers minimum wages, regulated hours and social security protections.

India’s debate echoes international developments. Australia, for instance, passed its own Right to Disconnect law last year, allowing workers to decline after-hours calls and messages. 

That reform sharpened domestic scrutiny of workplace culture in India, particularly after the death of an EY employee in Pune reignited discussions about long working hours and the pressure to remain constantly reachable.

Namalomba said the wage bill now absorbs 25% of all government recurrent spending, and a staggering 38% of domestic tax revenue goes straight to paying public workers. “This leaves very little money for roads, hospitals, schools, agriculture and economic growth,” he warned .

Officials say the crisis is being fuelled by outdated records, weak controls, duplicated roles, and widespread ghost workers (individuals who no longer serve in government but still receive salaries).

To address this, Malawi will conduct a Comprehensive Civil Service Payroll Audit between December 6, 2025 and February 6, 2026. Every civil servant must present themselves in person with their national ID, academic certificates, appointment letters and other documents. Those who fail to appear will be treated as illegitimate employees, with immediate salary suspension and dismissal proceedings.

Chief Secretary to the Government Dr Justin Saidi described the exercise as critical for “safeguarding public finances” and restoring order to government systems. He said the verification would help permanently eliminate payroll fraud and modernise Malawi’s HR and payroll infrastructure.

Receiving the award this week from a private committee, Takaichi insisted her remark had been misunderstood.

“I only wished to convey my enthusiasm,” she said. “I have no intention of encouraging overwork or suggesting that long hours are a virtue. I hope there is no misunderstanding.”

Since taking office later that month as Japan’s first female prime minister, Takaichi has become an unexpected style icon. 

But while “Sana-katsu” — rooting for Sanae — is now a trend among younger women, it remains to be seen whether her conservative policies will attract the same loyalty. 

Takaichi is seeking to woo right-wing voters after the LDP’s heavy losses under her more moderate predecessor, Shigeru Ishiba.

Her original “work” refrain came during a pledge to rebuild the struggling party and restore public trust. Urging colleagues to “work like a horse,” she declared she would abandon any notion of “work-life balance,” adding with deliberate emphasis: “I will work, work, work, work and work.”

Her own schedule has only fuelled concerns. 

Colleagues say she keeps punishing hours; she held a 3 a.m. meeting with aides before parliament convened in November and told MPs she sleeps “about two hours now, four at most” while also caring for her husband, who is recovering from a stroke.

Takaichi’s prominence as a role model is unusual in Japan, where adoration of political figures rarely rivals the celebrity treatment reserved for athletes or pop stars. The enthusiasm, experts said, stems from her visibility as a powerful woman in a country with few female political leaders.

“She is a new kind of role model,” says Namiko Kubo-Kawai, a psychology professor at Nagoya Shukutoku University. “Her appeal is not rooted in traditional femininity but in her position and persona. Young women who never imagined cheering for a prime minister now see someone whose style they can emulate.”

Yet Takaichi is unlikely to win over feminists, being a staunch conservative who backs maintaining male-only imperial succession and opposes reforms allowing married couples to keep separate surnames.

Still, as Japan’s first female leader, Takaichi has become a cultural presence as much as a political one. Her catchphrase may have been unintended, but it has captured a moment where Japanese women — whether or not they share her politics — are expanding the kinds of role models they choose to follow.

At its peak it employed more than 10,000 workers. Until its closure on November 28, around 1,600 remained.

The company blamed “mounting cost pressures” and fast-changing market conditions for the closure. Production had already halted on November 21 as managers and labour representatives negotiated severance terms. 

Canon pledged to meet all legal compensation obligations and offer additional payments, but the speed of the shutdown has amplified speculation that geopolitics, not just economics, played a role.

The announcement came during a sharp downturn in Sino-Japanese relations. Tensions escalated after Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi remarked on 7 November that armed conflict in the Taiwan Strait could pose a “survival-threatening situation” for Japan, potentially triggering Self-Defense Forces mobilisation. 

While Tokyo has avoided escalating the row publicly, Japanese companies in China appear to be quietly reassessing their exposure. Planned business exchanges have been abruptly cancelled. 

A delegation of senior executives from major firms — including Toyota and Sony — called off a scheduled November 25 trip to China, stalling what was expected to be an important round of commercial discussions. A 3,000-person friendship event was also scrapped.

Analysts in Chinese media say Japanese firms are pulling back at a notable pace. Commentators cite rising departures in Shandong and Shanghai and describe an emerging “exodus” of manufacturers seeking alternatives in Southeast Asia. 

Some argue this trend is influencing other foreign investors from the US, UK and Singapore, who are reportedly accelerating moves to places such as Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines and Bangladesh. Even Chinese suppliers, they note, are following clients abroad.

Others caution that widespread foreign withdrawals could strain China’s job market, particularly in sectors that have long been supported by international manufacturers. Canon’s closure alone has left more than a thousand workers seeking new employment in a region where factory work is no longer as plentiful as it once was.

What they said

Alemu Sime, PhD, Minister of Transport and Logistics, stated that "The Railway Academy will provide efficient transportation services by establishing a modern railway infrastructure to connect the country’s major development centres and all neighbouring countries." Ethiopian Railways Corporation (ERC) The Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer, Hlina Belachew (eng.), also added that "This is a crucial day in the journey of every great institution, when key moments and visions are transformed into reality; this groundbreaking ceremony is a foundation for knowledge, innovation, and the growth of Ethiopian and East African railways."

Across the region, the most vulnerable roles were in administration, office support, sales, healthcare, manufacturing, and logistics, according to a study conducted by SEEK, the parent company of Jobstreet and Jobsdb

These jobs typically attract a large number of applicants, making it easier for scammers to target potential victims.

Entry-level roles with immediate employment promises create a wide pool of potential victims, said Tom Rhind, SEEK’s head of trust and safety. 

Rhind noted that scammers can use these positions to craft convincing offers that appear legitimate.”

Fraudsters are exploiting popular communication channels like Viber, SMS, and social media , often impersonating recruiters or even platforms like SEEK and Jobstreet.

Experts also warn that scammers are increasingly using AI tools to generate fake job ads and recruiter profiles, making fraud harder to detect.

The findings underscore a growing risk for job seekers across Asia-Pacific, a fast-moving digital job market, where even experienced candidates may fall prey to sophisticated scams.

President John Mahama, addressing the tragedy, described the deaths as "a heartbreaking loss for the entire nation."

“The tragic news is that I have been informed by the military that six young women, who simply sought an opportunity to serve their nation, lost their lives in this heartbreaking incident. We are praying for the 12 others who remain in critical condition,” Mahama said.

Recruitment exercise suspended

In response to the tragedy, President Mahama has directed the Armed Forces to temporarily suspend the ongoing nationwide recruitment exercise.

“I have asked the leadership of the Armed Forces to temporarily halt the recruitment exercise and conduct a full investigation. We must take a fresh approach to ensure such unfortunate incidents do not happen again,” he added .

The Ghana Armed Forces confirmed the incident in an official statement, expressing deep regret and announcing the suspension of the Accra leg of the recruitment exercise.

"The Ghana Armed Forces deeply regrets to inform the general public that due to the fatal incident that occurred at the El-Wak Sports Stadium this morning... the exercise in Greater Accra has been temporarily suspended. This is to allow for additional measures to ensure a seamless exercise," the statement read in part.

A Board of Inquiry has been constituted to investigate the events that led to the stampede.

Calls for safer recruitment measures

President Mahama emphasised the need for improved crowd management and safety planning for all future public recruitment or national mobilisation events.

Meanwhile, the injured receive treatment at the 37 Military Hospital in Accra.

The military has assured the public that recruitment activities in the remaining 15 regions will continue under enhanced safety protocols.

In 2021, China’s government officially outlawed 996 after several high-profile cases of worker deaths, including one involving a young employee from e-commerce giant Pinduoduo. Major tech companies such as ByteDance and Tencent followed with promises to curb overtime.

Still, long hours remain widespread. Weak enforcement of labour laws, low wages, and cultural pressure to perform continue to drive overwork. In cities like Shenzhen, the legal minimum wage is far below the average cost of living , forcing some workers to rely on overtime to make ends meet.

China’s overall productivity remains lower than that of developed economies, leading some firms to rely on longer hours to boost output quickly.

To address growing discontent, the government has launched public campaigns against excessive work. A popular TV show, “Overtime No More,” featured celebrities and workers discussing how to balance career demands and personal life.

Some analysts believe these efforts are also linked to international pressure. The European Union recently passed a regulation banning products made with forced labour, which includes “excessive overtime” as a key indicator. Aligning with such standards could help China protect its export markets and improve its global image.

However, others argue that China’s crackdown has more to do with domestic concerns, including social stability and a changing workforce. Younger employees, disillusioned with the promise of hard work leading to success, are increasingly rejecting 996 culture in favour of more balanced lives — a movement known locally as tang ping, or “lying flat.”

Despite the government’s push, many companies still find ways around the rules, and long hours remain deeply rooted in China’s corporate life. The change, experts say, will take time and stronger enforcement.

Ironically, while China moves to restrain its punishing work culture, the 996 mindset is spreading abroad. In the United States , some tech startups now encourage 70-hour work weeks, framing them as a path to rapid innovation and success.

Entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley have begun to praise the discipline and intensity of China’s once-criticised system, arguing that it fuels ambition and competitiveness. Some even advertise long hours as part of their company identity.

As China tries to create a healthier balance between work and life, the rest of the world seems eager to adopt the very culture it is now trying to leave behind.

So what’s driving this shift? The answer lies in business models built for scale with minimal internal labour: platforms that rely heavily on creator economies, freelanced talent, algorithmic infrastructure , and minimal fixed overhead.

OnlyFans, for instance, uses roughly 40-50 employees but leverages millions of creators whose fees it takes a cut from, so the “per employee” ratio shoots up.

At the same time, it is not just about having fewer employees. It’s about how revenue is derived: high margin, low fixed cost models.

For companies rooted in manufacturing, retail, or large-scale service models, the employee count (and associated workforce infrastructure) drags down the revenue per head metric, even when total revenues are in the hundreds of billions.

A recent Visual Capitalist chart shows how the world’s largest companies by revenue span from under US $350,000 per employee up to the multi-million range.

This metrics divergence ties directly into ongoing global business trends: the migration from heavy‐asset, labour-intensive operations toward flexible, digital-first models. In a world of remote work, creator economies and platform-driven growth, companies that can minimise internal complexity are showing remarkable productivity per head.

However, effectiveness measured via revenue per employee doesn’t automatically mean systemic fairness or sustainability. As platforms scale via third-party contributors rather than direct employees, questions around working conditions, welfare, benefits and stability arise, which tie into broader regulatory and social debates worldwide.

According to the graphic sourced from UN 2024 data, Africa’s median age sits at about 19.3 years, making it by far the youngest continent. Europe leads in age, with a median of 42.7 years.

Meanwhile, North America is 38.7, Asia is 32.5, South America is 31.7, and Australia/Oceania is 33.3. The contrast highlights how differently regions face the twin forces of youthful populations and ageing societies.

This map is more than visual: it reflects the demographic pressures reshaping global economics, politics , and social systems. Let’s unpack what these differences mean — and why they matter today.

Why Africa remains so young

Africa’s median age of about 19 means that most of its population remains in childhood or youth. This youthful demographic is a legacy of high birth rates and improving child survival, even as life expectancy has been rising globally.

It also places Africa in a moment of potential advantage, often called a “demographic dividend”, where a large cohort of working-age people could drive growth, innovation, and productivity, if the right investments are made in education, health, and jobs.

But this opportunity is not automatic. Without matching growth in infrastructure , education, and employment, Africa instead faces youth unemployment, social instability, and pressure on public services.

The median-age map makes clear just how concentrated the world’s youngest populations are and how urgent it is for African nations to capitalise on youth potential.

Europe’s ageing profile

Europe’s median age of 42.7 signals its deep transition: fertility well below replacement levels, rising life expectancy, and a shrinking younger cohort. This demographic structure intensifies pressure on pensions, healthcare systems, eldercare, and social safety nets. As Europe ages, fewer workers must support more retirees.

Yet even within Europe, disparities are growing. Some countries, especially in Eastern Europe, are facing sharper population decline and brain drain, while others wrestle with integrating migrants to balance age structures.

A recent analysis from the Bruegel think tank suggests that Europe’s ageing burden may be more manageable than often assumed, projecting only modest increases in age-related public spending through 2070. Still, the structural challenge remains significant.

Global ageing

The world is getting older, everywhere. UN projections show that by mid-century, people aged 60 and over will more than double, making up a much larger slice of the global population.

In developed economies, this trend is already clear: working-age ratios (people aged 15–64) have shrunk over time and will keep falling. The Path to 2075 report projects that median ages in “developed markets” will climb toward 47 years by 2075, while in “emerging markets” they’ll approach 40.

Health systems, retirement systems, and labour markets all strain under this shift. The World Health Organisation (WHO) warns that as more people live into their 80s and beyond, chronic diseases, care dependency, and related costs will grow.

In Africa, the youth unemployment rate can reach as high as 53%, even hitting 52.3% in South Africa, while North Africa averages around 30.6%—a stark reminder of the systemic barriers confronting young job seekers.

In response, a digital revolution is underway. Armed with smartphones, internet access, and creativity, Africa’s youth are transforming social media platforms into career launchpads. The global creator economy has exploded, valued at approximately $190 billion in 2024 and expected to hit $224 billion in 2025. Projections suggest the sector could balloon to $528 billion by 2030.

In Africa, this trend is similarly powerful. The continent's creator economy is valued at over $5 billion, with creators leveraging cultural relevance and online influence to start businesses, launch products, and raise capital.

In this context, content creation is more than a hobby; it’s becoming a legitimate career path . Over 207 million creators now operate worldwide, with many earning a full-time income. However, monetisation remains challenging; only 4% make over $100,000 annually, and nearly 60% struggle financially. Burnout and maintaining consistent content output are also growing concerns.

Currently, early retirement in Tunisia is tied to having at least three children and 25 years of work experience.

However, the new proposal removes that condition and focuses instead on how demanding work can be for women, especially in sectors like manufacturing, textiles, and services.

The proposal comes as Tunisia, like many countries, faces growing challenges with its pension system. With an ageing population and fewer workers supporting more retirees, the state pension funds are already under financial strain.

In 2024 alone, the shortfall in Tunisia’s social security funds reached over five billion dinars.

Meanwhile, the idea of giving older women the option to retire earlier has sparked debate in the country.

While the bill is yet to be fully debated in parliament, it has already raised important questions about work, gender equality, and how to ensure social protection systems can keep up with changing needs.

But this population surge is a double-edged sword that brings with it both opportunities and great challenges.

India’s urban centres, such as Mumbai, are the bedrock of its economic transformation. With over 28,000 people per square kilometre, Mumbai exemplifies the density and dynamism that define India's cities.

According to government forecasts, urban areas are expected to contribute 75% to India’s GDP by 2036 , and urban population figures could swell to 600 million.

This urban explosion presents an immense opportunity for India to fuel manufacturing, digital services, logistics, and construction. According to K.T. Ravindran, an urban planning expert, such growth must be met with targeted investments in infrastructure .

"The focus should move towards food security, water security, energy security, and security from waste management," he told CGTN.

But that transformation is already colliding with real-world pressures.

India's unemployment rate climbed to 5.6% in May 2025, with a notable rise among young people.

Millions migrate to cities in search of work , often fleeing rural distress and climate-induced displacement, only to find themselves stuck in low-wage, low-skill jobs in sectors like e-commerce delivery or informal construction.

"They have to be skills which are required by industries… Otherwise, disparity will remain," warns Madan Sabnavis, Chief Economist at Bank of Baroda.

India’s educational and skilling systems have struggled to keep up with the pace of change. While programmes exist to boost employability, many lack alignment with industry needs.

The result? A growing class of underemployed youth and a missing middle in the labour market.

One of the biggest changes comes through the new Teachers’ Law, which recognises educators across public and private schools as professionals and places their salaries at the top of the public-sector pay scale.

For the first time, teachers in private schools will be treated equally with public school teachers in terms of rights and status.

The law also gives teachers more room to take part in scientific research and innovation, and promises housing, health and hardship allowances.

The revised Law on Employment expands job support to all workers aged 15 and above, including those without formal contracts.

It also covers people who are currently unemployed and includes updated rules on job training, labour registration and unemployment insurance.

Tax reforms are also on the way.

A new Law on Special Consumption Tax adds sugary soft drinks and larger air conditioners to the list of taxable goods, while updating rules on exemptions for exports and transport-related items.

The revised Corporate Income Tax law changes the rules for what qualifies as taxable income and offers incentives for innovation and green development.

The new Law on Chemicals introduces stricter safety controls and promotes the sustainable growth of Vietnam’s chemical industry.

It simplifies paperwork for businesses and aims to prevent harm to the public and the environment .

Other reforms include stricter rules on online advertising, better oversight of state-owned companies, new support for energy efficiency, and a restructured State Budget Law that gives more financial independence to local governments.

In a recent online panel hosted by Dialogues on Asian Universities, Tony Chan, former president of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, described this shift as historic. “The flow of talent is instead going more one way; now it’s going both ways. It’s more multi-polar,” Chan said during the discussion titled “Tectonic Shift in the Global Talent Chain.”

Professor Rangan Banerjee, director of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, said technology disruption and geopolitics are the two major forces driving this change. “The geopolitics are such that this is the right time for Asian universities to play a leading role in nurturing the talent pool and finding solutions to the world’s problems,” Banerjee is further quoted by University World News .

Banerjee explained that while a decade ago most IIT students left India to study abroad, today only about 10% do so. “Most of the people graduating are taking up jobs in India, some of them international jobs, and we are seeing a trend for innovation and startups, there is a booming startup ecosystem,” he said.

In China, Yaqin Zhang, chair professor at Tsinghua University and founding dean of the Tsinghua Institute for AI Industry Research, described a similar pattern. “Twenty-five years ago, the best [Chinese] students went to the US and Europe, but mainly the US, to get their PhDs and to find jobs,” he said. “In the last five years, especially, most of the best students have chosen to stay in China.”

Zhang pointed to visa hurdles as one reason for the change. “It’s harder for Chinese top students to get a visa,” he said, adding that around 90% of Tsinghua’s top computer science students now remain in China.

It said the page lists fake jobs and demands Ksh48,187 (US$375) for what it calls an “Africa Regional Labour Accreditation Certificate.”

In a public statement, the ministry said the Zimbabwean government does not charge for job applications and that any official hiring into the public service is handled by the Public Service Commission.

"The page purports to be recruiting staff for the Embassy of Zimbabwe in Kenya and provides a list of fraudulent job offers,” the ministry said.

“Members of the public are advised that this Facebook page does not represent the Embassy of the Republic of Zimbabwe in Kenya, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade of the Republic of Zimbabwe, nor the Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe."

Authorities have launched investigations into who is behind the scam and are working with social media companies and police to shut down the fake account.

Officials also urged the public to be careful when looking for jobs abroad and to always check with official government offices or embassies to avoid falling victim to fraud .

“This is a generation that feels lost, disconnected, and unsupported,” said one researcher. “Our data proves that when young people feel seen and guided, real change happens.”

South Africa has one of the highest youth unemployment rates globally. As of 2024, 37.1% of South Africans aged 15 to 24, which is about 3.4 million individuals, were not in employment, education, or training (NEET), according to Statistics South Africa .

The risk of long-term exclusion is severe, often leading to poor mental health , social marginalisation, and dependence on social grants.

The BPS programme’s methodology included structured coaching, goal-setting, referrals to services like counselling or childcare, and continuous check-ins. The focus was not just employment but holistic wellbeing.

“I didn’t know where to start. It was a blank page,” said a 21-year-old woman who completed two sessions. A young man added: “Before this, I didn’t think I could do anything meaningful with my life… Coaching helped me feel more optimistic.”

According to the research team , 40% of participants accessed learning or income-generating opportunities, while others reported marked improvements in anxiety, emotional distress, and self-esteem.

The programme also revealed stark gender disparities, with only 9% of young men rating peer support as low, compared to 24% of young women. Access to community resources, including health and psychosocial services, was widely reported as lacking.

The findings suggest that skills training alone is insufficient, but broader support systems, covering mental health, access to services, and mentorship, are essential for youth to transition successfully into work or education.

Countries across the Global South face similar youth unemployment challenges, and this research offers a scalable, community-based model. “This is not just a South African issue,” said one policy expert. “It’s a blueprint for any country trying to break the cycle of youth joblessness.”

Disclaimer: The image for the article was AI-generated

Between October 1, 2024, and June 13, 2025, authorities inspected over 31,000 foreign workers, revealing widespread violations:

Thailand classifies certain occupations as entirely or conditionally restricted to safeguard its workforce , but according to the ministry’s spokesperson, Phumipat Mueanchan, many employers bypass legal channels, and enforcement has been lax in some regions.

The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) estimates 3.9 million migrant workers are legally employed in Thailand, and the country remains a major destination for regional labour.

Thai authorities are under increasing pressure to balance economic reliance on foreign workers with the protection of domestic jobs amid slowing growth and rising automation.

The Labour Ministry has vowed to step up inspections and penalise violators, including employers, while urging businesses to comply with regulations and seek formal permits when hiring foreign staff.

The move will reduce the number of provinces and cities from 63 to just 34, leading to a loss of jobs for almost 80,000 government workers.

This is one of the biggest reforms in Vietnam since the country was founded in 1945. The government says it wants to move from being slow and bureaucratic to serving people more actively.

The vote passed easily in the National Assembly, which is controlled by the Communist Party as only one person voted against the plan.

Some officials who have worked for the government for decades have expressed grief over the possible loss of their jobs, even though they will receive compensation.

The names of many provinces will also disappear after the changes.

All new provincial leaders will be announced on June 30, and the new system will start in July.

Meanwhile, Vietnam is also planning to change the constitution so that the district level of government is removed. That means the country will only have two levels of administration, instead of three: provinces and communes.

The situation is being fuelled by frustration over limited job opportunities at home.

Despite being one of Southeast Asia ’s largest economies, Indonesia has struggled to absorb its growing skilled workforce, especially among youth.

National data shows that formal employment is shrinking while informal jobs dominate, leaving many graduates underemployed or unemployed altogether.

Recent figures place youth unemployment at more than three times the national average, underlining the structural problems in the local labour market.

Skilled workers are not only leaving to earn more but also to gain international experience and escape the uncertainty surrounding job security in Indonesia.

Experts warn that if this trend continues unchecked, the country could face labour shortages in key sectors and fail to realise its ambition of becoming one of the world's leading economies by 2045.

Policy analysts argue that the country is at risk of a demographic crisis, where it grows old before becoming rich.

The initiative is being coordinated by the Defence and Human Capital ministries and is open to Argentine citizens who are single and have completed at least seventh grade.

Candidates must pass physical and psychological tests before beginning service, local reports say.

Government officials say the new plan will prepare young people to respond to natural disasters such as floods and fires . It will also help them learn skills like cooking, mechanics, and security work.

Volunteers will receive education support, job training, and social security benefits during their time in the military.

Their service years will count towards their pension. Defence Minister Luis Petri said the aim is to offer young people a strong foundation for the future, both during and after their time in uniform.

The programme is designed to build discipline and patriotism while giving young people practical tools for civilian life.

The UN trade and development agency, UNCTAD, said AI is expanding quickly and will be worth $4.8 trillion by 2033, about the same size as Germany’s economy today.

In 2023, advanced technologies like AI, 5G, and blockchain made up a $2.5 trillion market. That number is expected to rise six times in the next ten years, with AI leading the way.

The report said that while AI can help economies grow, it could also make inequality worse . Most AI research and development is happening in just a few countries, mainly the United States and China. A small group of 100 companies is responsible for nearly half of the money spent on AI research.

UNCTAD chief Rebeca Grynspan called for global action to make sure AI benefits everyone.

“History has shown that while technology helps economies grow, it does not automatically create fair opportunities for all,” she said.

The agency urged countries to invest in digital infrastructure and AI education to keep up with the fast-changing world .

It further suggested strong international cooperation to make sure AI is used in a way that helps people, not just businesses.

The memo said most USAID workers will lose their jobs on either July 1 or September 2, 2025.

The memo told affected staff, "Because your position is being abolished, you will be separated from the Foreign Service."

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said USAID had lost focus and become wasteful. He added that the US would still fund essential, lifesaving programs, including HIV treatment through PEPFAR.

The closure has greatly impacted Kenya, where over 41,000 health workers lost their jobs. Many of them cared for people with HIV and tuberculosis.

The layoffs have also left many Kenyans without proper healthcare.

Before the shutdown, USAID supported clinics in Kenya that provided HIV testing, treatment, and counselling. These services have now been moved to government hospitals, and the specialised clinics have closed.

The Washington Post reported that USAID staff were asked to leave their offices by 1 p.m. on the day of the announcement.

The US State Department said 5,200 of USAID’s global programs would be cancelled to save money. The remaining 17% of programs will be managed by the State Department.

Elon Musk, who was appointed by President Trump to lead the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), supported the decision. He accused USAID of misusing public funds , including on secret projects.

Two top USAID security officers were suspended after stopping DOGE members from entering restricted areas.

The medical technology industry in Europe directly employs over 880,000 people, accounting for approximately 0.36% of total employment in the region. This significant workforce is distributed across various countries, with Germany having the highest absolute number of people employed in medical technology.

While Germany leads in terms of absolute numbers, Ireland and Switzerland have the highest number of medical technology employees per capita. This suggests that these countries have a strong focus on the medical technology sector, with a higher proportion of their workforce engaged in this industry.

The medical technology industry in Europe is characterised by a high prevalence of SMEs, which account for around 90% of the sector. Most of these SMEs employ fewer than 50 people, indicating a dynamic and entrepreneurial landscape.

The medical tech industry is notable for its high productivity, with the value added per employee estimated to be around €177,000 per employee. This highlights the significant contribution of the sector to the European economy.

Despite the physical and mental toll, she finds strength in providing for her family. “Sometimes I don’t even feel like waking up. But when I remember my responsibilities, I push through. The moment I start my bus, I find my courage.”

Balancing work and home life remains a challenge. “No matter what you do, you’re still expected to cook, care for the children , and prepare for the next day,” Okoli explained. “I work until midnight and then start again early in the morning.”

More women are joining the industry, she noted, with many approaching her for driving lessons. “It’s not about enjoying driving—it’s about survival, about putting food on the table.”

According to IMF, one of the starkest contrasts in global employment is the disparity in unemployment rates among G20 nations. South Africa holds the highest unemployment rate, with nearly 50% of its youth population struggling to find work.

Deep-rooted inequality and limited access to formal labor markets fuel this crisis, making economic mobility difficult for many. In contrast, Japan has the lowest unemployment rate, but this comes with its challenges. An aging population and strict immigration policies have contributed to severe labor shortages, raising concerns about long-term workforce sustainability.

Income inequality remains a growing concern, with disposable incomes declining across most G20 economies. Inflation has led to a significant erosion of living standards, making it unlikely for many workers to recover financially in the short term.

According to the ILO, 1 million additional workers fell into extreme poverty in 2024, earning less than US$2.15 per day in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms. An estimated 8.4 million more workers entered moderate poverty, earning less than US$3.65 per day per person in PPP terms. This decline in income security reflects broader economic pressures that disproportionately affect lower-income households.

The rise of informal work further complicates labor market stability. An estimated 58% of the global workforce remains in informal employment, meaning they lack job security, social protections, and stable incomes. While informal jobs provide livelihoods for millions, they often pay less and offer fewer benefits, exacerbating income inequality.

The reliance on informal work also contributes to sluggish productivity growth. The ILO notes that investment in low-productivity sectors, skills shortages, and digital monopolies have slowed productivity gains worldwide, hampering economic development.

Despite these challenges, opportunities for reform exist. Policymakers and businesses must focus on equitable labor policies, expanding access to quality education and job training, and fostering fair wages to ensure sustainable economic progress.

As employment landscapes shift, global economies must adapt by prioritizing inclusive workforce strategies, balancing innovation with social protection, and providing recovery efforts reach all workers.

Massandje Litsé Touré, ECOWAS Commissioner for Economic Affairs and Agriculture, emphasized the strategic importance of this investment for West Africa's agricultural sector. She noted that this grant follows a previous $1 million allocation in 2023, which supported 24 training centres under ECOWAS' Regional Strategy for Youth Employability in Agriculture.

“This initiative aligns with ECOWAS’ vision for inclusive and innovative agricultural development,” Touré stated. “Training young people is an investment in our collective future. It equips them with the tools to transform agriculture, enhance productivity, and strengthen sector competitiveness. It also addresses youth unemployment by fostering self-employment and entrepreneurship.”

The grant distribution includes $936,000 for Songhai Centers, $708,000 for the West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF) and its ten national agronomic research centres, and $594,000 for agroeconomic and organic production centres implementing the Organic and Ecological Agriculture (EOA-I) initiative under the WASEOA secretariat.

Presidential spokesperson, Manuel Adorni who made the announcement said President Javier Milei is committed to tackling inequality in the system and enhancing a more equitable job market in the public sector.

He noted that with the ban, nobody will be entitled to ‘blood privileges’ as is common in public institutions at the provincial level particularly.

Before this, provisions were made for family members to inherit the jobs of their deceased relatives in some government agencies in the country.

Adorni further called for changes in how provinces manage their workforce to enhance private sector growth in other regions.

Adorni noted that in some areas, up to 80% of jobs are in the public sector, which he said creates an imbalance that limits private-sector expansion and results in inefficient public spending.

Some economies have leveraged manufacturing sectors to drive economic growth, create jobs, and enhance global competitiveness.

According to data from Our World in Data , here are the top 5 economies where manufacturing holds the highest share of GDP:

However, police informed the families that the suspect had fled to Moscow, Russia, after the story came to light.

 “We’ve been waiting for answers, but all we get are closed doors and broken promises. My uncle’s life is at stake, and no one seems to care,” the nephew of one of the trapped men, Gideon Sarfo was quoted as saying.

These 14 Ghanaian men were lured to Russia under the false promise of securing well-paying jobs.

The group was recruited by a Ghanaian man named Abraham Boakye, commonly known as "One Man Supporter."

Posing as a job recruitment agent, Boakye convinced them to travel to Russia through Togo, claiming they would be employed in security roles similar to guarding banks or houses.

But the situation turned out different on their arrival in Russia on August 6. They are currently in Donetsk, in Ukraine, as front-line fighters, after undergoing a 21-day training period facilitated by the Russian army.

The group was recruited by a Ghanaian man named Abraham Boakye, commonly known as "One Man Supporter."

Posing as a job recruitment agent, Boakye convinced them to travel to Russia through Togo, claiming they would be employed in security roles similar to guarding banks or houses.

Boakye also told them they would receive military training for two to three months before starting the jobs.

But the situation turned out different on their arrival in Russia on August 6.

“When we arrived in Russia, the military gave us a contract to sign,” said one of the Ghanaians speaking anonymously told Global South World. “The contract was in Russian, but Boakye told us it was just for training, and we trusted him, so we signed.”

After a brief 21-day training period, the group was informed they were being sent to fight in the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine rather than for the security jobs they had been promised.

Out of the 14 Ghanaians who signed the contract, seven were deployed to the frontlines, and four of them have been seriously wounded.

“We are now in Donetsk, part of Ukraine, and four of our brothers are badly injured,” the Ghanaian source added. “We didn’t know we were signing up for war. Please, we want to go back to Ghana.”

Attempts by Global South World to contact Boakye were unsuccessful.

The 14 Ghanaians were part of a larger group of 20 who left Ghana for Russia on August 4. While four of them avoided signing the contracts, two others, who were disqualified after failing the medical tests, reportedly returned to Moscow and have since left Russia.

Despite the profession being male-dominated, Souissi has defied cultural expectations. "Our society doesn't accept women in this profession (fishing), but I decided to carry on and fight against this idea because I love this profession. I love the sea, I love fishing. You could say that the sea has been my hobby ever since I was a little girl," she told the AFP. 

Aside from the cultural challenges, Souissi and other small-scale fishers face another challenge, unsustainable fishing practices. "Plastic nets are a nuisance for me and for all fishermen. To this day, we continue to fish with these nets,” she noted.

Efforts to support fisherwomen are emerging as the Tunisian Society for Sustainable Fishing is beginning to empower and integrate more women through workshops to venture into the sector.

"We're here because we want to create additional sources of income for the people of the Raoued region, especially today by tackling a number of issues, such as climate change and the severe depletion of natural resources, as well as poor practices that have affected the fishing industry. This can only be overcome by solutions such as integrating women into the fishing industry," said Ryma Moussaoui, a coordinator with the Tunisian Society for Sustainable Fishing.

A recent student by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) disclosed that

Tunisian fisherwomen also struggle with access to banking, administrative benefits, and training, and are often viewed as "high-risk borrowers." 

Nigeria's inflation rose to 34.19% in June 2024, driven by higher food, transportation, and energy prices. The government suspended taxes and import duties on food items to ease the pressure, but talks of a possible interest rate increase are growing. The issue will be discussed at the next Monetary Policy Meeting, Zaywa reports.

Street protests

Citizens for Development and Education director Ibrahim Waiya believes street protests are not the best way to address Nigeria's economic challenges due to the country's low level of civilization and potential for chaos. According to Vanguard Nigeria, he criticised the government's insensitivity to the plight of the citizens and called for more effective measures to address poverty and the impact of fuel subsidy removal.

School building collapse

A two-storey school building collapsed in central Nigeria, killing 22 people and trapping 154. Everyone except those who died has been rescued and is being treated for injuries. The collapse occurred during school hours, and building collapses are frequent in Nigeria due to lax safety regulations and substandard construction materials, Straitstimes reports.

Low wages

The poor economy in Nigeria has led to an increase in people leaving their low-paying jobs in favour of starting their own businesses. Punching reports that many are citing low wages, increased prices, and lack of respect in the workplace as reasons for their decisions. The National Bureau of Statistics reports that 87.3% of employed Nigerians are now primarily self-employed.

Petroleum products export

The Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL) has announced that the country is set to become a net exporter of petroleum products by the end of the year. This was revealed by NNPCL Group CEO, Mr Mele Kyari, during an Emergency Interactive Session with managers of the nation’s economy organised by the Senate Committee on Finance at the National Assembly in Abuja on July 15, Leadership Nigeria can report.

The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) -an organisation dedicated to establishing guidelines for businesses on reporting their decisions that affect society at large- has further announced its commitment to voluntarily align with the International Labour Organisation's (ILO) already existing labour rights policy, specifically the 'Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy' from 2017.

This initiative aims to encourage corporations to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) globally, with the target year set for 2030.

It is also expected that organisations will enhance their methods for setting salary frameworks, strive for equal representation across genders, and improve hiring practices. Employers are given a deadline of October 4 to make these decisions.

According to Emily Sims, Senior Specialist at ILO “This alignment contributes to business transparency concerning labour-related impacts, actions and performance; and helps companies to strengthen their contribution to SDG 8 on decent work and inclusive economic growth.”

The International Labour Organisation's World Employment and Social Outlook report in May 2024 indicates that women still face disparities in the workplace regarding access to opportunities and wage equality, often as a result of familial and caregiving duties.

"Gender disparities are evident in workforce participation, where women often face challenges in accessing equal opportunities in securing employment. Recent economic literature (Klaven, Landais and Leite-Mariante 2024; Kleven, Landais and Søgaard 2019) highlights that family responsibilities (i.e. marriage and parenthood) have a greater negative impact on women’s employment compared to men, exacerbating gender employment gaps," reads the report.

“The refinery will meet 100% of Nigeria’s refined product requirements and have a surplus for export, creating a market for $21 billion per annum of Nigerian crude,” Dangote stated.

Matawalle lauded Dangote’s significant investments and highlighted their positive impact on the Nigerian economy through wealth creation and job generation. He also emphasised the Bola Tinubu-led administration’s commitment to providing security to maintain high production levels at the multi-billion-dollar refinery.

In May, Dangote, while speaking at the Africa CEO Forum Annual Summit in Kigali, Rwanda, revealed that his refinery, the largest in Africa, can fulfil Nigeria’s fuel demands and supply fuel to West Africa and Central Africa starting this June.

“Nigeria shouldn’t import anything like gasoline; not one drop of a litre. We have enough gasoline to give to at least the entire West Africa, and diesel to give to West Africa and Central Africa. We have enough aviation fuel to give to the entire continent and also export some to Brazil and Mexico,” he said.

The audit, according to The Star, points out regional and gender imbalances in the organization that is supported by 54 African Union Member States.

“Some 81 percent of the staff were English-speaking on a continent with a wide range of language diversity — this includes 39 percent of countries officially speaking French. And more than half of the staff came from Kenya and Ethiopia — an uneven balance for a continent with 54 countries,” Devex, a media platform that reports on global development activities was quoted by The Star .

This comes after Dr. Ahmed Ogwell Ouma, deputy head of Africa CDC and acting interim director general was reportedly forced out of his position to ensure regional representation.

The Star reports that the organisation is working towards an increase of employees to more than 900. This could be disadvantageous for Kenyans who may already be seen as overrepresented because of their huge numbers.

The Africa Center for Disease Control employs workers on regular contracts and short-term contracts, where 90 percent of all workers fall.

Staff are mostly seconded by partners and contract renewals are subject to the availability of funds or the needs of the organisation.

The current director general, Dr Jean Kaseya, is originally from the Democratic Republic of Congo, a member of the East African Community.

According to The Star , Kenya hosts Africa CDC’s Eastern Africa Regional Collaboration Centre in Nairobi and is set to host the Regional Emergency Operations Centre due to the country's strategic geopolitical position.

The CDC which was launched in 2017 serves as a support system for health systems of African countries and played a significant role in securing COVID-19 supplies for the continent.

What they said

"Microsoft has decided to close the Africa Development Centre in Nigeria, and as a result, some of our employees based in Nigeria will be impacted. Organizational and workforce adjustments are a necessary and regular part of managing our business,” the Microsoft spokesperson said. At the launch of the $100 million facility, Gafar Lawal, Managing Director of Microsoft ADC West Africa, was quoted, “We intended to recruit 500 full-time engineers by the end of the year or by 2023. However, currently, we have exceeded 500. This is to tell you about the abundance of talents we have in Africa.”

Women legislators in Uganda are demanding that Parliament set up a salon for their beauty needs. State Minister Beatrice Anywar expressed the need for a salon to boost female participation in parliamentary activities. According to Nile Post , this demand follows previous requests for a gym and a flyover to Parliament. "Gyms are associated with vigorous exercise routines that disorganise the hair. One of them is myself; my hair and nails and whatever are part of the woman What I am saying is that we ladies can come early, spend more time in the salon and then the house," Anywar said. Over the past couple of years, the Ugandan Parliament has consistently grabbed attention with a series of peculiar requests such as a proposed flyover stemming from the need for safe passage into the Parliament Building.

Traders protest tax system

Traders in Masaka, Uganda are protesting the implementation of the Uganda Revenue Authority's (URA) Electronic Fiscal Receipting and Invoicing Solution (EFRIS), leading to shop closures in the city. They are opposed to EFRIS, which tracks payment of Value Added Tax and are demanding that the government address their concerns. URA officials maintain that EFRIS has brought transparency to the tax system and expanded the tax base, and have no plans to halt its implementation, Monitor reports. The traders have vowed to keep with protests until the government meets their demands. However, the Presidential Press Unit released a communique to debunk a purported scheduled meeting between President Yoweri Museveni and the traders on April 12.

Stadium renovation concerns

The Speaker of Uganda's Parliament, Anita Among, has directed the Minister of State for Education and Sports, Peter Ogwang to present a detailed status report on the renovation of the Namboole Stadium named after former South African President Nelson Mandela, located in Uganda's capital Kampala to the House. According to the Monitor , this directive from the speaker comes after an opposition MP expressed disappointment over the quality of the renovation and the failure of the minister in charge to meet deadlines. The opposing MP, John Baptiste's concerns about the stadium come on the back of a CAF report which declares the ongoing renovation of the Namboole Stadium subpar compared to a stadium that can host an African Cup of Nations. Uganda is gearing up to host AFCON 2027.

Employment surge in oil and gas sector

Uganda's oil and gas sector has seen a surge in job opportunities, with over 13,000 jobs created. The country's national content laws ensure a high level of Ugandan participation in the sector. Investments in training and infrastructure are also being made, with the sector expected to have a positive impact on the overall economy. A report by Pulse Uganda explains that for a company to thrive in Uganda, 70 per cent of the workforce must be citizens of the country. This is believed to have been the catalyst for the surge in Oil and Gas employment.

Call to protect kids online

The Church of Uganda has launched the "Safe Screens, Safe Kids" campaign to address concerns about children being exposed to inappropriate digital content. With children spending 6 to 7 hours a day on digital media, the campaign aims to balance learning and entertainment with potential risks. According to the Living Church , the campaign has received support from church leaders, social experts, and the Ugandan Communications Commission. Digital access has grown significantly in Uganda, with concerns about children accessing harmful content online. The campaign seeks to educate parents and protect children from digital violence.

The visas will significantly improve the current situation where nomads spend an average of $2,000 monthly on accommodation, food, local transportation, work-related expenses, and leisure activities.

The passage of the digital nomad visa did not come without controversies as citizens either supported it with the reason that it would improve the country’s tech ecosystem or fought it on the grounds that it could lead to an influx that would result in a high cost of living.

Public opinion was not considered in the final draft that was passed, leading to concerns.

“Although the confirmation of [the] digital nomad visa is great news, the same questions asked almost two months ago [when regulations were announced in February] remain unanswered,” Andreas Krensel, founder of immigration firm IBN Immigration Solutions, was quoted by Techcabal .

Meanwhile, some parts of the country’s legislature have to be amended if the digital nomad bill is to become law. These include tax exemption for foreign employees working for less than six months in the country as well as the proposed tax administration bill.

South Africa is the fifth African country to offer digital nomad visas to position itself as a global hub for digital nomads.

The others are Cape Verde, Namibia, Mauritius and Seychelles.

In a statement posted on X, the Ministry of Interior indicated that the levy would be put on hold for a period of "dialogue among stakeholders." This decision follows a meeting held on Friday in Abuja to discuss the implications and concerns raised by the business community.

“We understand the concerns raised by the stakeholders, and we are committed to finding solutions that promote investment while safeguarding the interests of Nigerians,” the Minister of Interior, Dr. Olubunmi Tunji-Ojo, is quoted.

The Ministry justified the tax as a measure to "discourage abuse of the expatriate quota system and promote the development of the local workforce… to create employment opportunities for Nigerians while closing wage gaps between expatriates and local workers."

The national president of the Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines, and Agriculture (NACCIMA), Dele Kelvin Oye, welcomed the temporary suspension, commending the government for acknowledging the potential impact on Nigeria's business community. In a statement, Oye stated, "This is indicative of their commitment to creating an inviting atmosphere for both local and international investors," the BBC quoted.

“Increased Chinese investment in Africa facilitated the significant expansion of Chinese construction companies on the continent. The gross annual revenues of Chinese companies engaged in engineering and construction projects in Africa have steadily risen until their peak in 2015, with the latest number totaling about $37 billion in 2021, a 3 percent reduction from a year prior,” the report indicates.

However, following the peak in 2015, the report indicates that the documented count of Chinese workers in Africa stood at approximately 93,000 by the end of 2021, marking a notable decrease of 64 percent from the figures recorded in 2015.

This decline is primarily attributed to a decrease in funding for infrastructure projects, which was further aggravated by the impact of the coronavirus pandemic, contributing to the decline in Chinese worker numbers across the continent.

“The COVID-19 pandemic has severely reduced the presence of Chinese workers in Africa amidst a reduction of overall Chinese economic activity on the continent, but possibly also because of public health reasons and travel restrictions,” the report stated.

Highlighting the host countries with the highest count of Chinese workers, the report noted, “The top 5 countries in 2021 are Nigeria, Algeria, Kenya, Angola, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, accounting together for about 40 percent of all Chinese companies’ gross annual revenues from 2021 construction projects in Africa. Nigeria alone accounts for about 11 percent ... In 2019, the top 5 countries with Chinese workers were Algeria, Angola, Nigeria, Zambia, and Kenya, which together accounted for 52 percent of all Chinese workers in Africa. Algeria alone accounted for almost a quarter of the total,” the paper notes.

Further, data compiled by the China Africa Research Initiative (CARI) at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) revealed that the number of Chinese workers in Africa experienced another decline in 2022, reaching a new low of 88,371, marking a continuation of the declining trend that began with a 49% decrease in 2020, primarily attributable to travel challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

“The top five countries hosting Chinese workers in 2022 were the Democratic Republic of Congo, Algeria, Egypt, Nigeria, and Angola. These nations collectively accounted for 42% of all Chinese workers in Africa,” the Hopkins report notes.

These Chinese workers are involved in various sectors, including construction projects managed by Chinese firms and employment with local companies after relocating from China.

Over the past two decades, China and Africa have established robust economic relations, particularly following China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. While political relationships between China and numerous African nations have roots dating back to the Mao Zedong era , economic collaboration has experienced significant growth in recent years.

“I declare my support for the Expatriate Employment Levy scheme, and I will continue to encourage the operators, practitioners of immigration matters, and expatriate quotas, but I emphasise: do not use it as a bottleneck; do not use it as an obstacle to frustrate potential investors,” the Nigerian president said

Special Advisor on Media and Publicity to the president, Ajuri Ngelale, made this known in a statement titled, ‘President Tinubu advocates greater home-grown skill retention and domestication of technologies as the pursuit of foreign direct investment intensifies.’

“We seek a greater balancing of employment opportunities between Nigerians and expatriates and the closure of the wage gap between expatriates and the Nigerian labour force by making it more attractive to hire Nigerians. There will be clear lines of implementation and effective acceleration of aims and objectives of this programme. officials in charge of immigration matters, expatriate quotas, and relevant stakeholders have to be effectively guided to make Nigeria the focus of the objective of this EEL. Therefore, it is my honour to launch the handbook of the Expatriate Employment Levy,” Tinubu said.

The Minister of Interior of the West African nation, Bunmi Tunji-Ojo, further explained the reason behind the policy and revealed that the Expatriate Employment Levy (EEL) project will be executed through a public-private partnership involving the federal government of Nigeria, the Nigeria Immigration Service as the implementing agency, and technical partner EEL Projects Limited.

The project's alignment with the eight-point agenda of President Bola Tinubu, focuses on job security and economic growth, according to Tunji-Ojo. The initiative aims to foster technology domestication and ensure that expatriates are hired for roles where no Nigerian possesses the required skills.

Recruited by private security firms contracted by the U.S. Department of Defense , these guards played a crucial role in securing U.S. facilities after the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan in 2005–2022.

Semafor reports that the private security companies under scrutiny, Explosives Ordnance Disposal Technology (EODT), Special Operations Consulting (SOC), and Constellis allegedly employed the services of these contractors without paying the agreed-upon wages and covering their medical bills.

They are therefore gearing up for legal action against their former employers.

The Special Returnees Association (SRA), representing the over 130,000 Ugandan ex-sub-contractors, is contemplating a collective legal action to secure financial compensation and assistance with medical costs.

Meanwhile, Uganda's government says it will support these workers by potentially escalating the dispute to U.S. courts if diplomatic efforts fall short.

"When I visited Silicon Valley last year, Apple’s Tim Cook informed me that his company now employs about 23,000 Kenyans, all working from Nairobi," he was quoted by The Star.

But many citizens have contested the President’s statements, questioning the reality of the jobs created and describing his comments as deceitful.

“If you are among the 23000 Kenyans who have been assigned a job at Apple as the President has said, raise your hand, give us hope too,” a user of X said.

While others condemned the statements, describing it as an embarrassment on a global platform.

Youth on the Unemployment in Kenya is a challenge. Youth unemployment in Kenya is as high as 35% compared to the overall national unemployment rate of 10% according to a report .

Below are some of the reactions.