Recent data from Numbeo and GlobalProductPrices show that consumers in Switzerland now pay around $7.73 for a dozen large eggs, the highest globally, followed by New Zealand at roughly $6.19 and Puerto Rico at $5.64. Denmark, the Netherlands and Luxembourg also rank among the most expensive markets, reflecting broader cost pressures across high-income economies.

While European and developed markets dominate the top tier, prices in countries such as India, Pakistan and Nigeria remain below $2 per dozen, highlighting wide gaps in production costs, labour and purchasing power.

At the centre of the price spike is a prolonged outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu , which decimated poultry flocks worldwide in 2024 and 2025. Millions of egg-laying hens have been culled to contain the disease, sharply reducing supply and pushing prices higher.

In the United States alone, egg supply fell by as much as 15–20% during peak outbreaks, contributing to price spikes that exceeded $6–$8 per dozen in some regions.

The economic mechanics are straightforward, as fewer hens mean fewer eggs, creating a supply deficit that drives prices upward in a market where demand remains relatively inelastic.

Beyond disease outbreaks, producers are grappling with escalating input costs. Feed prices, particularly for corn and soybean meal, along with higher energy, transport and labour costs, have significantly increased the cost of egg production globally.

Regulatory changes are also playing a role. In countries such as Switzerland and New Zealand, stricter animal welfare standards and transitions to cage-free farming systems have raised operational costs, which are ultimately passed on to consumers.

Faced with persistent volatility, producers are investing heavily in biosecurity measures and rebuilding flocks, though recovery remains slow because hens require time to mature and resume laying.

Exporters and importers, meanwhile, are adapting trade flows to stabilise supply. Governments in some countries are exploring increased egg imports and financial support for farmers to cushion the impact of shortages and price swings.

Retailers and food manufacturers have also adjusted, introducing purchase limits and reformulating products to reduce reliance on eggs amid elevated prices.

A regional breakdown of agricultural strengths shows Brazil at the forefront, producing major export crops including coffee, soybeans, corn, sugarcane and beef. Argentina follows closely, with strong output in soybeans, corn, wheat and beef, consolidating the Southern Cone’s role as a global breadbasket.

The trend reflects broader projections from Market Data Forecast, which estimates that Latin America’s agriculture market will continue to expand steadily, driven by rising global demand for food, biofuels and agricultural exports.

Brazil and Argentina anchor regional output

Brazil remains the world’s largest producer of coffee and one of the top exporters of soybeans and beef, according to international trade data. Its scale and diversified production base have positioned it as a cornerstone of global food supply chains.

Argentina, meanwhile, plays a pivotal role in global grain markets. As one of the leading exporters of soymeal and corn, the country is a key supplier to both Asian and European markets.

Market Data Forecast notes that strong export demand, coupled with technological adoption in farming, is expected to sustain growth across these sectors in the coming years.

Diverse specialisations across the region

Beyond the largest economies, Latin America’s agricultural landscape is defined by specialisation.

Mexico has built a strong export profile in high-value crops such as avocados, tomatoes and berries, supported by proximity to the United States and favourable trade agreements. The country is now one of the world’s top avocado exporters.

Colombia and Ecuador dominate in tropical commodities. Colombia is globally recognised for its coffee and cut flowers, while Ecuador leads in banana exports and is a major player in shrimp farming.

Peru and Chile have emerged as key exporters of premium agricultural goods. Peru has expanded rapidly in avocados, grapes and asparagus, while Chile’s agricultural sector is anchored by fruit exports, wine production and a globally competitive salmon industry.

According to Market Data Forecast, this diversification is helping the region reduce dependency on a narrow set of commodities, while tapping into higher-margin export markets.

Growing role in global food security

Latin America’s agricultural expansion comes at a time of increasing global concern over food security . The region accounts for a significant share of global exports in soybeans, maize, coffee and beef, making it essential to international supply chains.

Paraguay and Uruguay, though smaller in scale, contribute meaningfully through soybean production, beef exports and dairy products. Costa Rica, meanwhile, continues to supply global markets with coffee, bananas and pineapples.

Market Data Forecast highlights that favourable climate conditions, abundant land resources and increasing investment in agri-tech are strengthening the region’s competitive advantage.

The warship, carrying about 180 crew members, went down late Tuesday night following the strike. Sri Lankan naval and air force units launched rescue operations after receiving distress calls, recovering 87 bodies and rescuing 32 sailors, while many others were initially reported missing.

It marked the first reported U.S. strike on an enemy vessel in the Indian Ocean since World War II, and has since drawn Sri Lanka into the widening regional conflict even as Colombo insists it will maintain neutrality.

But the war’s economic impact is now emerging in an unexpected sector: tea.

Tea-for-oil 

Sri Lanka’s long-standing tea-for-oil barter agreement with Iran has been suspended amid the conflict, halting a mechanism that allowed Colombo to repay oil debts through tea exports.

This deal was created in 2021 as a workaround to repay $251 million owed for Iranian oil imports, which Sri Lanka could not settle through normal banking channels due to sanctions.

Instead of cash payments, Sri Lanka exports Ceylon tea to Iran, with the value of the shipments deducted from the debt.

Under the arrangement, Iran purchases about 11 million kilograms of Sri Lankan tea annually.

According to the National Tea Planters Association, exporters are now unable to fulfil orders because of logistical disruptions, war-risk insurance costs and shipping uncertainty across Middle Eastern trade routes.

Sri Lanka’s Tea Exporters Association estimates the resulting revenue loss at about $10 to $15 million per week .

The group has also asked the government to intervene to secure about $50 million in payments still owed for tea shipments already delivered to Iran under the barter deal.

Why tea is a crucial industry in Sri Lanka

The disruption is significant for an industry that underpins Sri Lanka’s export economy.

Introduced in 1867, Ceylon tea remains the country’s largest agricultural export, generating about $1.45 billion in export earnings in 2022 .

This sector provides direct and indirect employment to nearly one million people , including more than 300,000 plantation workers.

Tea plantations cover about 203,000 hectares, roughly 4% of Sri Lanka’s land area, producing around 340 million kilograms of tea each year.

Middle East is an important tea market

The Middle East is one of the tea industry’s most important markets.

Industry estimates show about 52% of Sri Lanka’s tea exports are shipped to the Middle East and North Africa, making the sector particularly vulnerable to disruptions linked to the Iran conflict.

Exporters say they still hold orders for shipments but are unable to move cargo because of security concerns and logistical barriers linked to the war.

For Sri Lanka — an island positioned along the shipping routes connecting the Middle East, Europe and Asia — the conflict is no longer a distant geopolitical crisis. Now, its most famous export is feeling the pinch, too. 

The Democratic Republic of the Congo maintains its position at the top of Africa’s copper hierarchy. With roughly 30,000 tonnes of identified reserves, the DRC remains the continent’s largest exporter of copper, with China and the UAE among its biggest destinations.

Exports to China alone are valued in the hundreds of millions of dollars annually, underscoring the critical role Congolese copper plays in global manufacturing and clean energy supply chains.

The importance of the DRC’s copper sector is more than anecdotal. According to broader market research, the country accounted for around $19.8 billion in copper exports in recent years, more than double that of its nearest African competitor, Zambia, and serves as a linchpin for key global markets in Asia and the Middle East.

Zambia follows closely as Africa’s second most significant copper exporter, with around 20,000 tonnes of reserves. Major consumers for Zambian copper include Switzerland and China, reflecting deep integration into European and Asian metal markets.

Copper is central to Zambia’s economy, making up about 70% of total export earnings and fuelling broader economic activity at home. Mines such as Kansanshi and Lumwana have been long-standing pillars of production in the region, supporting both local industry and foreign trade.

South Africa and Namibia round out the list of Africa’s key copper exporters, with 13,000 and 11,000 tonnes of reserves, respectively. India and China are among South Africa’s principal export markets, while Belgium and Germany figure prominently in Namibia’s trade mix.

Though smaller in volume than the DRC or Zambia, both countries contribute significantly to regional supply chains and are positioning themselves for future growth through exploration and mining partnerships.

Copper is not ordinary but an essential in renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, telecommunications and industrial infrastructure, sectors that are expected to drive demand for decades. Africa’s copper reserves, particularly in the DRC and Zambia, sit along the great African Copperbelt, a mineral belt that runs from the Copperbelt Province of Zambia into the mineral-rich regions of southeastern DRC.

The African Minerals Development Centre (AMDC), established by the African Union to implement the Africa Mining Vision, frames this resource wealth not just as a source of export earnings but as a foundation for industrial transformation. The Centre’s mandate encourages policies that promote value addition, responsible mining, and the strategic use of revenues to support sustainable development across the continent.

According to the latest international trade data for complete wigs of synthetic textile materials, China and Indonesia stand out as the largest exporters by value in recent years.

In 2022 trade records , China shipped more than $247 million worth of synthetic wigs globally, followed closely by Indonesia with about $209 million in exports. Germany, the U.S. and the Philippines also feature among the top sources.

These figures align closely with the percentages shown in the image above, where China accounts for nearly half of the exported wig value and Indonesia for over a quarter.

Market research firms project global demand for synthetic wigs could nearly double over the next decade as consumers seek affordable, low-maintenance hair alternatives for fashion, medical hair loss solutions, and cultural reasons. Some forecasts estimate the synthetic wig segment alone could grow at a steady rate through 2032.

What this means is that countries with strong textile and manufacturing bases are in a good position to benefit from future demand. China’s large production capacity has made it the dominant exporter, but Indonesia’s rising share highlights how regional players can challenge long-established supply routes.

Platforms like Alibaba are now central hubs for sourcing synthetic wig products directly from manufacturers. Alibaba lists hundreds of synthetic wig products available for export from Chinese suppliers, making it a starting point for buyers from small boutique owners to larger distributors.

The synthetic wig segment exists within the broader beauty and personal care industry. Major public companies like Shiseido (a Japanese global cosmetics conglomerate) appear on industry rankings, including the broader Forbes Global 2000 list of the largest global companies by sales and assets. While not a wig manufacturer itself, Shiseido’s presence underscores how beauty and personal care products are core drivers of consumer spend globally.

Beauty giants ranked in the Global 2000 set the tone for trends and distribution norms, but the wig segment itself is largely made up of smaller specialised manufacturers and suppliers, particularly in Asia, who serve global retail and wholesale markets.

For retailers, salon owners, and e-commerce entrepreneurs, understanding where synthetic wigs come from helps optimise sourcing and pricing strategies. China and Indonesia’s export dominance suggests suppliers in these regions are scaling production, refining logistics, and tapping emerging markets in Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

At a time when global food and beverage supply chains are being reshaped by inflation, energy costs, and shifting consumer preferences, the dominance of these countries highlights how production efficiency, logistics, and branding define leadership in the global drinks industry.

Austria leads global soft drink exports with 9.6% of total export value, equivalent to about $2.98 billion, closely followed by Germany at 9.5% ($2.96 billion). The Netherlands, a major logistics and re-export hub, ranks third with 8.7% ($2.7 billion). Together, these three European countries account for more than a quarter of global soft drink exports.

Austria’s top ranking is driven less by domestic consumption and more by its role as a high-efficiency production and export base for global beverage companies. The country hosts major bottling and manufacturing facilities that serve markets across Europe, Central Asia , and the Middle East.

Its central location, skilled labour force, and integration into the EU single market allow Austrian producers to export at scale with minimal trade friction.

The CIA World Factbook notes that Austria’s economy is highly export-oriented, with strong performance in food and beverage manufacturing relative to its population size.

Despite being home to some of the world’s largest soft drink brands, the United States ranks fifth, exporting 5.1% of global soft drinks ($1.58 billion). This reflects a broader structural reality: the U.S. produces primarily for domestic consumption.

According to the CIA World Factbook, the U.S. is one of the world’s largest soft drink consumers, which limits export surplus compared to smaller, export-focused economies.

Outside Europe, Thailand ranks fourth globally with 5.4% ($1.66 billion), reflecting Southeast Asia’s growing role in food and beverage manufacturing. Mexico, at 4% ($1.2 billion), benefits from proximity to the U.S. market and extensive trade integration under regional trade agreements.

Countries such as Belgium, France , Switzerland, and Poland round out the top ten, reinforcing Europe’s dominance across multiple tiers of the export value chain.

This ranking comes amid renewed global scrutiny of sugary drinks, with governments worldwide introducing or expanding sugar taxes and health regulations.

Despite this, the global soft drinks market continues to grow, driven by zero-sugar products, flavoured waters, and energy drinks. According to ITC data, exports of non-alcoholic beverages have remained resilient even as consumer preferences evolve.

At the same time, rising transport costs and geopolitical disruptions, linked to conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, have reinforced the advantage of countries with efficient logistics networks and regional proximity to markets, particularly within Europe.

According to the latest figures, peppercorns account for the largest share of global spice exports and generate approximately US$1.7 billion in sales, representing 38% of the total world spice trade.

This dominance reflects the continued strength of major producers such as Vietnam , India, Indonesia, and Brazil, all of which rank among the world’s leading pepper exporters. Data from the International Trade Centre (ITC) confirms pepper as one of the most traded spice commodities globally, driven by consistent demand from Europe, North America, and emerging Asian markets.

Beyond pepper, the market is increasingly diversified. Processed pepper, spice mixtures, and turmeric together account for a significant share of exports, reflecting growing demand for value-added products rather than raw agricultural outputs alone.

The ITC notes that spice blends and prepared seasonings are among the fastest-growing subcategories in global food trade, supported by the rise of ready-to-cook meals and international cuisine consumption.

Cinnamon, ginger, cumin seeds, and nutmeg follow as mid-tier export earners, each contributing hundreds of millions of dollars annually. Meanwhile, saffron, despite its relatively smaller export volume, continues to punch above its weight in value terms due to its labour-intensive production and limited growing regions, particularly Iran, Afghanistan , and parts of the Mediterranean.

At the lower end of total export value, vanilla represents a modest share of global spice trade, though it remains one of the most price-volatile commodities. Recent global news coverage has highlighted how climate shocks in Madagascar, the world’s largest vanilla producer, continue to disrupt supply chains, reinforcing concerns about climate resilience in agricultural exports.

New data from World’s Top Exports shows that Spain and Mexico dominate the global pumpkin market in 2024, together accounting for more than 64% of worldwide pumpkin exports.

With international demand rising for year-round cooking, health foods, and processed pumpkin products, the industry has become more important to farmers and exporters across Europe, North America, Africa, and Oceania.

According to the 2024 export rankings, Spain leads the world with 32.8% of global pumpkin exports, valued at about $574 million. Mexico follows closely with 32%, earning $559 million.

The large market share held by both countries reflects their strong agricultural infrastructure, export-oriented farming, and access to major global markets.

The rest of the top exporters include:

How global events are shaping the pumpkin market

Climate change is shifting growing seasons

Farmers across Europe and North America are adjusting planting cycles due to unpredictable rainfall, heat waves, and changing soil conditions. Some regions in Spain and Mexico have benefited from longer warm seasons, allowing for stronger yields.

Food security continues to be a global priority

With conflicts disrupting trade routes , such as the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, countries are looking toward more stable and diverse agricultural suppliers. Pumpkins, being versatile and widely cultivated, fit into this wider push to secure reliable food imports.

Rising global celebrations and food trends

Pumpkin has become more than a seasonal item . From soups and baked goods to the globally popular “pumpkin spice” trend, food producers are buying more pumpkin for processing and export. This helps keep demand strong throughout the year.

What are ‘zero-kilometre’ used cars?

These cars are in effect brand new, however, they typically have extremely low mileage but are registered as second-hand. The practice has grown following intense competition in China’s car market, where some manufacturers and dealers register unsold vehicles to meet sales targets or quickly clear inventory.

Others exploit preferential export rules for used cars, selling them abroad at lower prices.

Car News China reports that there are usually some hidden risks attached to such vehicles, including uncertain ownership history of the vehicles, unpaid loans, diminished or no warranties, among others.

Why is China cracking down?

Authorities have said the practice brings several inherent risks. First, it threatens the global reputation of Chinese carmakers. Many of these cars are shipped abroad without any after-sales service support, leaving overseas buyers unable to secure repairs or spare parts and damaging trust in Chinese brands.

Second, it distorts markets overseas, where exporters selling these vehicles as new undercut authorised dealers and disrupt local pricing. Officials also argue that the loophole encourages a race to the bottom, prioritising rapid, low-quality exports rather than developing a sustainable and well-regulated second-hand export industry.

What does the new policy require?

The updated rules introduce multiple safeguards, which include the fact that exporters must now wait at least 180 days after a car is registered before it can be exported. They must also provide proof that the vehicle will have access to after-sales services in its destination country. Regulators will introduce a monitoring and exit mechanism to remove non-compliant exporters, while also supporting companies to build stronger overseas service networks.

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney hailed the pact as “game-changing,” stressing its role in securing investment in critical minerals, clean technology, and financial services. In 2024, merchandise trade between the two countries totalled US$5.6 billion, with Canadian exports reaching US$2.3 billion, making Indonesia Canada’s largest export market in Southeast Asia (Government of Canada trade data).

The deal comes alongside a new defence cooperation agreement covering maritime security, cyber defence, and peacekeeping, a move Carney called a “critical step” in Canada’s Indo-Pacific Strategy.

Canada is also backing Indonesia’s sovereign wealth fund, with Export Development Canada pledging up to CAD$825 million (US$594 million) in financing for infrastructure, renewable energy , and agriculture projects.

The agreement positions Canada as a deeper player in Asia’s economic networks, while Indonesia, projected by PwC to be among the world’s five largest economies by 2050, gains a powerful Western partner beyond Washington.

Vietnamese rice traders and exporters are holding back purchases after the Philippines, their biggest market, suspended all imports. “Prices remain low, but we dare not buy much,” Nguyen Chi Thanh of Angimex said , noting that traders in the Mekong Delta had scaled down to buying a few tons compared to hundreds previously. Vietnam exported 6.3 million tons of rice worth $3.17 billion in the first eight months of 2025, with the Philippines accounting for 2.6 million tons, making it the largest buyer.

Senate shake-up won’t derail legislative agenda

President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. expressed confidence that his administration’s priorities remain intact despite a change in Senate leadership. Senate President Vicente “Tito” Sotto reassumed the chamber’s top post, replacing Francis “Chiz” Escudero. Marcos called the reshuffle an internal matter, “The Senate knows how to organise itself; the Senate also knows how to do the work. If Senator Sotto is now the SP again, then I do not see that it will change very much from our agenda,” he added .

Philippines, Japan boost defence tech ties

Defence ministers from the Philippines and Japan agreed in Seoul to deepen cooperation on defence equipment and technology amid China’s growing assertiveness in regional waters. Japan may transfer retired Abukuma-class destroyers and air surveillance radar systems to Manila. “The two ministers concurred to promote defence equipment and technology cooperation,” Japan’s Ministry of Defence said. Experts noted the deal would be a significant step in strengthening Manila’s defence industry with Japanese support.

Duterte ‘not fit to stand trial,’ lawyer tells ICC

Former president Rodrigo Duterte’s legal team has petitioned the International Criminal Court to adjourn proceedings indefinitely, citing severe cognitive decline. His lawyer, Nicholas Kaufman, wrote that Duterte suffers from impairments that limit memory, reasoning, and orientation: “Mr. Duterte is not fit to stand trial as a result of cognitive impairment in multiple domains. Mr. Duterte’s condition will not improve,” the Enquirer quotes. The ICC is investigating Duterte’s bloody “war on drugs,” which left thousands dead.

Philippines eyes Indian underwater drones

Manila is weighing the acquisition of Indian underwater drones as an alternative to traditional submarines, part of efforts to modernise its maritime defences amid South China Sea tensions. Defence Secretary Gilberto Teodoro highlighted their cost-effectiveness, as India’s autonomous underwater vehicles offer surveillance, reconnaissance, and mine-countermeasure capabilities, Indian Defence News reports. The move affirms the close defence ties between Manila and New Delhi, including cooperation on missile systems and unmanned platforms.

Thailand’s gross domestic product (GDP) forecast has been revised downward , with growth expected to remain below 5% next year. The adjustment reflects both global and domestic economic challenges, particularly those affecting exports. Analysts caution that these pressures may pose additional hurdles for the Thai economy, which is still recovering from the effects of the pandemic. According to a report from the news outlet เดลินิวส์ (Daily News), economic authorities are closely monitoring the situation and preparing measures to support growth.

Malaysia facilitates Thailand-Cambodia border talks

Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim has ruled out armed conflict over the Ambalat Block dispute with Indonesia, assuring it will be resolved diplomatically. Speaking in Jakarta on July 29, 2025, he said he had discussed the matter with President Prabowo Subianto, stressing peaceful resolution over war. His comments come amid rising regional tensions after the recent Thailand-Cambodia border clashes. Despite opposition pressure for a tougher stance, Anwar reaffirmed Malaysia’s commitment to negotiation.

Thailand aids farmers in selling surplus longan

Facing a projected surplus of over 1 million tonnes of longan in 2025, the Thai government is collaborating with the private sector to support farmers amid declining prices. The Ministry of Commerce is managing 151,000 tonnes through exports, domestic sales, and processing. Initiatives include exporting 15,000 tonnes, promoting local consumption via the Thai Fruit Festival, CSR-driven purchases, subsidised shipping, vending machine sales, and global outreach through 58 trade offices.

Two storms approaching northeast

Northeast Thailand is preparing for two storms expected to hit the region this September, according to weather forecasts. Local authorities have begun implementing emergency measures to protect residents and reduce potential damage. The storms are forecasted to bring heavy rainfall and strong winds, raising the risk of floods and landslides in vulnerable areas. Communities have been advised to remain vigilant and follow official guidance.

Thailand’s green tourism sets sustainability standard

On July 29, 2025, Thailand unveiled the Green Tourism Collections , featuring 20 eco-friendly travel routes across 10 designated Green Cities, including Chiang Mai, Krabi, and Bangkok. Developed by the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT), the initiative aims to align with European sustainability standards and cater to growing demand for low-impact travel, especially from EU and U.S. tourists. The routes promote environmental responsibility, cultural authenticity, and support for local businesses. Spanning both urban and rural areas, they encourage sustainable tourism practices while preserving Thailand’s natural and cultural heritage, in line with the 2030 Sustainable Tourism Goals.

“The increase in travel receipts was largely attributed to a rise in international tourist arrivals, which increased to 2,170,360 from 1,961,870 over the same period,” the central bank noted.

In response to this momentum, the government has enacted new measures to further support the sector, particularly through regulatory reforms.

One of the most notable changes came on July 8, 2025, when the BoT issued a formal exemption to tour operators from certain provisions of the Foreign Exchange Use Regulations of 2025.

This policy shift follows a May 2 public notice by the BoT, reaffirming that all domestic transactions must be conducted in Tanzanian shillings under Government Notice No. 198, a move aimed at curbing dollarisation and stabilising the national currency.

“When we finish our factory, it’s 100 percent for export,” Dangote told CNN’s Eleni Giokos. “And Nigeria will not earn less than $500 million just from exporting cement.”

The surge in cement production follows Nigeria’s early 2000s backwards integration policy , initiated under former President Olusegun Obasanjo, which barred cement imports unless companies invested in local manufacturing.

Dangote credited this policy for sparking a wave of industrial growth, remarking, “We were small then, but our bankers supported us. Today, Nigeria produces over 60 million tonnes of cement annually, up from 31.9 million tonnes.”

Beyond cement, Dangote noted Nigeria is also exporting fertiliser and refined products, including jet fuel to the U.S. and Asia, and that 37% of its fertiliser output now goes to the U.S. The Dangote Group plans to list its fertiliser company on the Nigerian Exchange this year and the new refinery in 2026.

The relevance of Nigeria’s industrial gains extends beyond national borders. As Africa works to reduce reliance on imports and create jobs, Dangote urged policymakers to prioritise local production over import dependency.

“If we keep importing, we’re importing poverty and exporting jobs,” he said, invoking the need for an "Africa First" approach.

He also stressed that strong local industries attract foreign investment, saying, “Foreign investors don’t just show up. Support your local champions first, then others will come,” he said, criticising Africa’s over-reliance on external capital.

Dangote identified electricity deficits and policy inconsistency as key obstacles to Africa’s industrial future, while calling for bold leadership. “Two things don’t allow industries to thrive in Africa: lack of electricity and inconsistency in government policies ,” he warned.

His remarks come at a time when Africa’s trade finance gap is estimated at $120 billion, according to the African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) .

Dangote praised Afreximbank and other regional institutions as vital to scaling African enterprise, stating, “That’s how we build Africa.”

What they said

"It takes away from automakers and their Brazilian workers all the potential they otherwise would have," said Anfavea president, Igor Calvet, who also warned BYD to begin local production without further delays. "The main objective of the tariffs is to stimulate local production, promoting a gradual nationalisation of the country’s own supply chain for electromobility,” said Edgar Barassa, a researcher of electromobility and public policy at the University of Campinas in São Paulo.

The report, released recently, states that gold smuggled from South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and possibly Sudan and Ethiopia , is routinely routed through Kenya before being exported, primarily to Dubai.

“Part of the gold that is smuggled out of South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and, to a lesser extent, Ethiopia, and possibly Sudan, passes through Kenya before being re-exported,” the report states. “Most of the gold that is smuggled out of Kenya is shipped to Dubai and declared for import there.”

SwissAid estimates that illicit gold flows from Kenya exceed two tonnes annually. In contrast, Kenya officially declared only 672 kilograms of gold exports in 2023. The report notes that most of the gold entering Kenya is not declared for export but later appears in import records in destination countries, Kenyans.co.ke reports.

“In other words, one can be confident about the existence of sizeable outbound illicit gold flows because this gold resurfaces further down along the value chain and becomes visible there through official statistics,” the report says.

SwissAid also found inconsistencies between Kenya’s declared gold production and the import records of countries receiving gold from Kenya.

The report indicates that gold imports declared by other countries have consistently exceeded Kenya’s reported production and imports since 2019.

“Undeclared production from Kenyan ASM (artisanal and small-scale mining) is smuggled out of the country and reaches mainly the United Arab Emirates, possibly also Uganda and Tanzania,” the report says.

A notice from India’s Directorate General of Foreign Trade said garments, agro-processed foods, plastic products, and wooden furniture from Bangladesh can no longer enter India through land routes in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, and parts of West Bengal.

Imports of garments will now be allowed only through the Kolkata and Nhava Sheva sea ports.

The decision took effect immediately.

The move comes weeks after India suspended transhipment of Bangladeshi goods to third countries via land borders.

It also follows Bangladesh’s own decision in April to block yarn imports from India through five of its land ports, a step aimed at protecting its local textile industry.

The sudden shift has alarmed Bangladeshi exporters, especially garment and plastic goods producers, who rely heavily on land routes.

Nearly 93 percent of Bangladeshi apparel exports to India, valued at about $700 million annually, are shipped through land ports.

Economists have warned that sudden restrictions could damage long-standing trade links between the two neighbours.

He urged both governments to hold talks and improve coordination to keep trade flowing.

According to him, exports reached $929.5 million in January, surged to $1.8 billion in February, and continued strongly through March.

The main buyers were the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey, alongside markets in Europe and the United States .

“This growth reflects our ambition for gold exports to contribute at least 5% of Egypt’s total merchandise exports in the near future,” Wassef was quoted by Egypt Today .

Egypt has climbed quickly in global rankings, rising from 94th in 2022 to 54th in 2023 among gold jewellery exporters. Officials hope to reach the top 10 by 2027.

Wassef credited government support for the sector’s rapid progress and said the country remains focused on expanding its presence in international markets.

Brazil has lifted a temporary ban on tilapia fish imports from Việt Nam, months after suspending them over concerns about the TiLV virus. According to VietNam News , the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock said the risk of infection from Vietnamese tilapia fillets is negligible, following a risk analysis prompted by local industry concerns. The decision was made public in the official gazette and aligns with international health standards.

Brazil and US are negotiating the terms of understanding on tariffs

Brazil and the United States are in talks over tariffs, according to Brazilian Finance Minister Fernando Haddad. Speaking in Los Angeles, Haddad said he raised concerns about trade deficits in South America during a meeting with U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, following new U.S. import tariffs announced last month. He described the discussions as constructive and ongoing, according to Reuters . 

Brazil’s economy can grow 3% annually

Brazil’s Finance Minister Fernando Haddad says the country can grow by an average of 3% a year, aligning with President Lula’s economic goals, Reuters reports. Speaking in Los Angeles, Haddad promoted a clean energy data centre policy to attract U.S. investment and said Brazil aims to strengthen ties with the Trump-led administration. 

Lula reaches 12 cabinet changes amid latest dismissals

Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has made two more cabinet changes, bringing the total to 12 since the start of his current term. Carlos Lupi resigned from the Social Security Ministry after a scandal, while Cida Gonçalves was removed from the Women’s Ministry. According to Guia da Folha , Lula has replaced ministers over corruption allegations, performance issues, and political realignment efforts. 

Mercosur-EU trade deal could boost Brazil exports of 180 products

Brazil could boost exports of up to 180 products to five EU countries if the long-delayed Mercosur-EU trade deal is ratified, a government agency has said . The Trade and Investment Promotion Agency (ApexBrasil) said the gains would mainly come from agricultural and industrial goods, while separate global trade tensions could also open new opportunities for Brazilian crude oil and other exports.

Thai police arrested five suspects during a crackdown on illegal cryptocurrency trading in Bangkok and tourist provinces, as reported by Pol Maj Gen Thatphum Jaruphat. The operation , named ‘Crypto Phantom’, discovered currency exchange firms aiding money laundering for illegal activities, leading to the seizure of documents and electronic devices.

Entry-Level divers face new photography restrictions

The Thai government's new regulations, effective 22 April, ban entry-level divers from using cameras underwater without advanced certification or sufficient logged dives to prevent damage to coral reefs, as reported in a recent policy announcement. Additional rules limit group sizes and prohibit harmful activities to marine life.

Subsidised flights to boost Chinese tourism

To counter a decline in Chinese tourist arrivals, the Association of Thai Travel Agents has proposed a budget of 320 million baht for subsidised charter flights from China. As reported , Thailand has dropped from fourth to seventh in Chinese travel preferences, necessitating urgent measures to revive its tourism sector.

Tragic insurgency attack

In a tragic incident on Tuesday, ethnic Malay Muslim insurgents from the National Revolutionary Front (BRN) shot and killed 16-year-old Buddhist novice Pongkorn Chumapan and injured 12-year-old Pokanit Morasin in Songkhla province's Sabayoi district while they were collecting alms. This attack, which reflects the ongoing separatist conflict in southern Thailand responsible for over 7,000 civilian deaths since 2004, highlights the increasing targeting of children amid the violence. Reports indicate a broader pattern of violence against civilians, with both BRN insurgents and Thai security forces committing serious violations of international humanitarian law.

Record-breaking export growth

Thailand's exports surged by 17.8% in March 2025, reaching a record-high of US$29.5 billion, according to Commerce Minister Pichai Naripthaphan. The first quarter of 2025 saw a cumulative export value of US$81.5 billion, reflecting sustained growth driven by proactive economic policies under newly appointed Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra. The minister attributed this positive trend to collaborative efforts with the private sector despite challenges posed by US tariff policies. Notably, the export growth encapsulates a diverse range of industries, indicating resilience and a promising trajectory for Thailand's economy.

Ethiopian military chief Field Marshal Birhanu Jula is visiting Rwanda for four days starting April 13 to enhance military cooperation between the two nations. During his visit, he discussed collaboration with Rwanda Defence Force Chief Gen. Mubarakh Muganga and met with Defence Minister Juvenal Marizamunda. The visit aims to deepen bilateral ties and explore new defense collaboration areas, following the recent signing of a Memorandum of Understanding on defense cooperation during Gen. Muganga's visit to Ethiopia in mid-March. Birhanu is also scheduled to visit the Kigali Genocide Memorial to honour the victims of the 1994 genocide.

Genocide

Rwanda is accelerating the consolidation of Genocide memorial sites in line with a 2019 Presidential Order aimed at enhancing preservation, visitor experience, and resource allocation. The initiative focuses on merging sites that are vulnerable to natural hazards, have fewer than 1,000 bodies, or are poorly maintained. For instance, the Southern Province is reducing its memorial sites from 69 to 53. Nationwide, the goal is to decrease the number of district-managed memorials from 214 to 152. Consultations with families of victims are a prerequisite for relocation. The government emphasises the need to maintain historical symbols in areas of consolidation. Additionally, ongoing efforts include digitizing memorial sites to provide virtual tours.

Surge in tourism

Rwanda's tourism generated $647 million in 2024, a 4.3% increase from 2023, driven largely by gorilla tourism, which brought in $200 million. The total number of visitors exceeded 1.3 million, with significant growth in gorilla and educational tourism. The Rwanda Development Board (RDB) plans to exceed $700 million in tourism revenue in 2025, aiming to enhance Rwanda's global profile through major events, including the Kwita Izina celebration and the UCI Road World Championships. National parks saw a 10.7% increase in visitors, contributing to an $38.8 million revenue rise.

Exports to UAE

Rwanda's exports to the UAE soared by 63.9%, rising from over $951 million in 2023 to more than $1.55 billion in 2024, making the UAE Rwanda's largest export market, accounting for 63.9% of total exports. Overall, Rwanda's goods exports rose nearly 30% to over $3.2 billion . The DR Congo followed the UAE with $229.5 million in exports, while exports to Luxembourg surged by 243.8% to $55.4 million. Key factors for this growth included increased cargo capacity from RwandAir, enhanced business support by the Rwanda Development Board (RDB), and ongoing development of special economic zones. Rwanda's total export receipts reached $4.2 billion in 2024, reflecting a 22% increase from the previous year.

1994 Genocide against the Tutsi

Joseph Sagahutu, a Catholic priest suspected of involvement in the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, is reportedly living freely in Belgium while allegedly promoting hate ideology. Rwandan Minister Jean Damascène Bizimana highlighted Sagahutu's role in the genocide during a commemoration event for Tutsi victims at Kibeho Catholic Parish, where many were killed. Sagahutu, along with local mayor Juvenal Muhitira, is accused of supervising the massacres at Muganza Parish. The minister condemned clergy members who facilitated the killings, stating that they continue to serve while bearing "innocent blood." Bizimana also named other priests involved in the genocide, emphasising the betrayal of their religious values by participating in such violence.

This decision comes after two years of weak harvests caused by heavy rains, ageing plantations, and plant diseases.

The Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus (CSSV), which has troubled cocoa farmers for years, has cut yields by up to 50% in some areas.

Bad weather has also damaged crops, leaving warehouses nearly empty. The government says this year’s harvest could be three to four times smaller than usual.

Cocoa makes up half of the country’s export revenue and provides work for about a fifth of the population.

However, the poor harvest has pushed cocoa prices to record highs. In 2024, prices soared to $11,000 per metric ton, compared to around $2,500 in previous years.

The price increase has affected chocolate makers around the world. Many had to raise prices, with chocolate in the United States becoming 10% more expensive in 2023.

The shortage of cocoa beans has made it harder for chocolate companies to make a profit.

By streamlining these procedures, the government hopes to establish a more efficient and beneficial mining industry.

Malawi, classified as one of the poorest countries globally, largely depends on agriculture, particularly tobacco, to generate foreign exchange.

The Kasiya asset, being developed by the Rio Tinto Group-supported Sovereign Metals Ltd., is located in the west of Malawi. Once operational, this project aims to produce graphite alongside rutile, diversifying the country's mineral output and potentially enhancing its economy.

The temporary ban comes at a time when mining projects are being assessed to enhance economic opportunities.

The Cambodian government has taken proactive steps to support rice farmers and stabilise prices in light of potential demand declines during the upcoming festive seasons observed in China and Vietnam. A significant US$150 million credit guarantee mechanism is set to empower rice mills by securing loans for the purchase of rice directly from farmers, supplementing this with an additional US$40 million dedicated to working capital. According to The Star , the government has allocated US$30 million to further bolster agricultural purchases and prevent the issue of unsold crops, in preparation for the festive period. Prime Minister Hun Manet has underscored the critical nature of these measures, along with considerations for tax waivers on agricultural lands and imports of farming equipment, aiming to modernise farming practices and promote local rice varieties. These initiatives collectively seek to enhance farmers' profitability and reduce dependency on imported rice.

New species discovered

A comprehensive biodiversity survey conducted within Virachey National Park in Cambodia has unveiled the presence of nine species for the first time, notably including the critically endangered large-antlered muntjac alongside various reptiles, bats, and flora. Led by Fauna & Flora in coordination with the Cambodian Ministry of Environment, this survey sheds light on the park's substantial biodiversity, reaffirming the imperative for its protection. Given its location in the Annamite Mountain range, Virachey is under constant threat from hunting and habitat degradation, Discover Wildlife says. The data collected during this survey is envisaged to inform and guide conservation strategies that will benefit both wildlife and the Indigenous communities relying on the park's resources.

Arrests over cocaine smuggling

In a significant law enforcement breakthrough, a Thai woman named Chamaiporn Singthong, 30, was apprehended at the Aranyaprathet immigration checkpoint while attempting to smuggle 6 kilograms of cocaine, estimated at a value of 16 million baht, back into Thailand from Cambodia. Her identification as a wanted suspect was made possible through advanced facial recognition technology. The illegal narcotics were ingeniously concealed in 656 individual small packages, ingeniously hidden within large rag dolls situated in her suitcase. Under interrogation, Chamaiporn revealed that her Nigerian spouse had compensated her with 100,000 baht to facilitate the transportation of the drugs, earmarked for distribution in Bangkok. According to Bangkok Post , this incident represents the largest drug seizure recorded at this checkpoint, prompting an expansive investigation by officers from Narcotics Board Region 2.

Garment export

Cambodia's garment export industry has experienced a substantial 24% growth in 2024, marking a significant upswing in this vital sector of the economy, according to Fibre2fashion .

Bribery, abuse of power

Sok Songha, the former head of the Anti-Drug Crime Office in Takeo, Cambodia, has been charged with corruption, facing allegations of bribery and abuse of power spanning from 2023 to 2024. He is at risk of facing a prison sentence of 7 to 15 years in accordance with Article 594 of the Penal Code, The Star reports. Co-accused Sok Kea remains in custody, although the specifics of his charges and their relation to drug-related activities remain unclear. Analysts and experts view this case as a pivotal moment that could instil deterrent effects against corruption within law enforcement; however, there is an overarching call for rigorous investigations into similar yet undisclosed cases that potentially link corruption to the pervasive drug trade in the region.

Thailand's poultry exports reached a record 320,000 metric tons in Q3 2024, marking an 11% increase from the previous year, according to the Rabobank Global Poultry Quarterly 2025 report . Total exports for the first three months of 2024 were 920,000 metric tons, up 6% year-over-year. Processed poultry exports particularly thrived, hitting 505,000 metric tons (14% increase) due to strong demand from Europe and Singapore, while raw/salted chicken trade showed weakness.

Rescue operation

A Hong Kong task force, led by Undersecretary for Security Michael Cheuk, received a positive response from Thailand regarding the rescue of 12 Hong Kong detainees at scam centres near the Thai-Myanmar and Myanmar-Laos borders. Cheuk noted that while the Thai government is committed to the issue, the chaotic conditions in these areas make any rescue operations challenging, and there is no set timeline for their efforts.

Deportation of 48 Uyghurs to China

A human rights group has urged Thailand not to deport 48 Uyghurs to China, where they face persecution. The men have been detained since 2014 after fleeing Xinjiang. Reports of coercion by Thai authorities to prepare for their deportation have heightened concerns for their safety. Justice for All emphasized the need to uphold international human rights standards and the non-refoulement principle, which protects individuals from being returned to places where they risk serious violations.

Greenlight for casino and gambling

Thailand's cabinet has approved a bill to legalize casino gambling, which will be reviewed by the Council of State before debating in parliament. The draft bill permits gambling only in integrated resorts that include various non-gaming facilities. Companies like Melco, Galaxy Entertainment, and MGM Resorts have expressed interest in operating these resorts. The move is seen as beneficial for domestic tourism and the economy, aligning Thailand with other regional markets that offer regulated gambling options, such as Singapore and Vietnam.

Killing of Cambodian government critic Lim Kimya

Thai police have charged Aekaluck Paenoi, a former navy officer and motorcycle taxi driver, with premeditated murder in the killing of Cambodian government critic Lim Kimya in Bangkok on January 7. Lim, 74, an outspoken opponent of Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen, was shot dead in broad daylight. Aekaluck was arrested in Cambodia and returned to Thailand, where he faces additional charges related to illegal weapon possession. Authorities are searching for a second suspect, identified as Pich Kimsrin, believed to have acted as a spotter.

This came after Sudan’s government and the Basher Pipeline Company (Bapco) lifted a force majeure, which is a legal term for a situation where something outside their control had stopped the work.

“The reference is made to the kick-off date of operation and production resumption in Dar Petroleum Company (DPOC) Block three and seven. And the letter from South Sudan’s Ministry of Petroleum (MoP) and Bapco pertaining [to] the lifting of Force Majeure that was declared in February 2024 and the indemnity letter issued {by} MoP and coordinated task force formed by the parties,” parts of the statement was quoted.

“In this regard, the Ministry of Petroleum and partners are hereby directing DPOC to kick start the resumption of crude oil production and operation as early as 8th of January 2025,” it added .

The lifting of the blockade allows oil to flow from South Sudan to Port Sudan on the Red Sea. Sudan’s government said the decision was made after security conditions improved.

South Sudan has faced tough times in recent years. Fighting and reduced oil exports because of the war in Sudan have hurt its economy.

Before the conflict, South Sudan was producing 150,000 barrels of oil a day. This oil was sent through Sudan as part of an agreement made when South Sudan became independent in 2011.

The war in Sudan has also forced thousands of people to flee to South Sudan. Since April 2023, more than 810,000 new refugees have arrived. Many of these are South Sudanese people who had been in Sudan, along with refugees from other countries.

Over half of these refugees are now living in the Maban region. Another 135,000 have settled in the Ruweng Administrative Area. Many are also moving to cities, which is creating both challenges and opportunities for local communities.

Exports accounted for 58.27% of the total trade, amounting to 20.5 trillion naira (about $12.9 billion). This marks a remarkable 98% increase compared to Q3 2023. Crude oil maintained its dominance, contributing 65.44% of total exports, with its value reaching 13.4 trillion naira (approximately $8.48 billion)—a 57.06% rise from the same period last year.

However, non-crude oil exports saw impressive growth as well, with agricultural goods like cocoa and manufactured goods contributing to a diversification in the export portfolio. Non-crude oil exports totalled 7 trillion naira (around $4.43 billion), while manufactured goods exports surged by an astounding 419.93% to 1 trillion naira (about $633 million).

Nigeria's imports totalled 14.67 trillion naira (about $9.28 billion) in Q3 2024, reflecting a 62.30% increase from Q3 2023. Notably, China, India, and Belgium continued to be Nigeria's leading trade partners.

Key imported commodities included motor spirit, gas oil, and used vehicles, with manufactured goods seeing a 76.44% increase in imports to reach 6.98 trillion naira (about $4.41 billion).

The industry, powered by cocoa sourced predominantly from West Africa, continues to thrive, with Europe leading the way in chocolate innovation and production.

OEC data shows that key players in the global market are setting benchmarks for quality and creativity, while exports from chocolate powerhouses fuel global cravings.

Germany takes the crown as the largest chocolate exporter, with exports valued at an impressive $5.6 billion annually. The country is home to over 200 manufacturers, including global giants like Ferrero and Mars, contributing significantly to its market dominance.

Belgium, synonymous with premium chocolate, is another powerhouse. Renowned for its artisanal traditions, the country is home to Barry Callebaut, the world's largest chocolate factory, reinforcing Belgium's global reputation for luxury and quality.

Italy ranks third, blending tradition with innovation through its iconic Ferrero brand. Known for global favourites such as Nutella and Ferrero Rocher, Italy’s chocolate industry continues to set high standards, making the country a leader in premium confectionery.

As Christmas nears, these European countries satisfy sweet tooths worldwide and demonstrate the critical role of tradition, innovation, and global trade in shaping the chocolate industry. With a market so deeply intertwined with festive cheer, chocolate remains a timeless centrepiece of holiday celebrations across the globe.

During a bilateral meeting at the G20 Summit, Indonesia's Prabowo Subianto requested India's assistance in enhancing health education by welcoming Indian professors and doctors to Indonesian universities. Indonesia faces a shortage of 160,000 doctors, prompting Prabowo to propose cooperation in the health and education sectors. He also expressed interest in Indian investment in Indonesia's pharmaceutical industry and hospitals, and highlighted the importance of increasing Indonesian students studying in India. According to The Star , Prabowo noted Indonesia's intention to import rice from India and appreciated India's support during his presidential inauguration. The two leaders emphasised the long-standing and harmonious relationship between their countries.

Export growth target

Indonesia aims for a 9.6% growth in exports by 2029 to support President Prabowo Subianto's economic growth target of up to 8%. For 2025, the export growth target is set at 7.1%. As of September 2024, Indonesia recorded an export value of USD 192.85 billion, a 0.32% increase year-on-year, and a trade surplus of USD 3.26 billion. The Ministry of Trade is optimistic about achieving these goals through trade contracts with partners and market diversification, especially with countries under free trade agreements, Antaranews reports.

Woman café in Indonesia

Qurrata Ayuni operates Morning Mama, the only woman-run cafe in Banda Aceh, Indonesia's conservative province. Opened to provide a comfortable space for women, it offers an alternative to male-dominated coffee shops. Despite Aceh's strict adherence to Sharia law, which impacts women's career opportunities, Qurrata aims to empower women through her business. The Hindu reports that she employs both women and men, serves a mostly female clientele, and includes children's books and menstrual products. After surviving the 2004 tsunami, which claimed her parents, she is motivated to help other women find resilience and challenge societal norms. Qurrata believes in women's potential as leaders and innovators, encouraging them to pursue their dreams despite societal constraints.

Apple investments

Apple Inc. is set to invest approximately $100 million in Indonesia over the next two years, following a government ban on the sale of its iPhone 16 model. Initially, Apple planned a $10 million investment for accessory and component production in Bandung. The increased investment responds to Indonesia's industry ministry's emphasis on local smartphone research and development, Techinasia reports. 

Development

During the G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro, President Prabowo Subianto of Indonesia emphasised the country's commitment to combating hunger and poverty, highlighting these issues as critical for the fourth-largest population globally. He outlined a national strategy prioritising education and social programs, including free meals for students, to alleviate poverty. Prabowo aims to achieve food and energy security within the next few years and stressed the interconnectedness of global economic challenges and geopolitical dynamics. He called for a ceasefire in Ukraine and Gaza to foster peace and stability necessary for addressing poverty and hunger effectively, according to Antaranews .

The Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism in Vietnam has approved a plan aimed at preserving the intangible cultural heritages of ethnic minorities, Viet Nam News reports. Led by the Vietnam National Institute of Culture and Arts Studies (VICAS), this initiative will promote traditional cultural identities alongside tourism development in various provinces, including Lạng Sơn, Bắc Kạn, and Thừa Thiên Huế. Key activities include restoring traditional rituals, studying ethnic clothing, and documenting specific customs such as the Bỏ Mả Ceremony of the Cơ Tu People and the Rebana drum performance of the Cham ethnic group. Vietnam has 53 ethnic minority groups, comprising approximately 14% of the population.

Bilateral relations

During his official visit to the UAE, Vietnamese Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh and UAE President Zayed Al Nahyan agreed to elevate bilateral relations with the UAE to a comprehensive partnership, making the UAE Vietnam's first comprehensive partner in the Middle East. According to Tuoi Tre News , the two leaders emphasised mutual learning and cooperation, highlighting six priority areas including economic, trade, and investment ties, innovation, and labour exchanges. They committed to enhancing collaboration in various sectors such as renewable energy and agriculture, and discussed specific projects like establishing a financial centre in Ho Chi Minh City. PM Chinh also urged UAE support for maintaining peace in the East Vietnam Sea. Following their talks, a joint statement was released, and a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) was signed, marking Vietnam's first free trade deal with an Arab nation. The UAE is Vietnam's largest export market in the Middle East, with significant investment presence in Vietnam.

Chilled meat sector growth

The chilled meat market in Vietnam shows significant growth potential, driven by the rise of modern supermarkets and increasing consumer awareness of healthier options. A report by RongViet Securities Corporation (VDSC) noted a 4.4% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in the meat market from 2018-2023, primarily from beef, goat, and chicken, while growth is expected to slow to 4.1% from 2024-2028 due to saturation in pork and poultry consumption. Despite this, VietNam News reports that major companies are investing in the chilled meat sector as consumer preference shifts from hot to chilled meat, which is seen as healthier and more reliable. However, challenges persist, including entrenched habits of purchasing traditional hot meat and higher prices associated with chilled meat production. The competitive landscape also complicates profitability, as businesses face higher operational costs and price pressures.

Lobster exports

Vietnam's lobster exports to China have surged significantly, with nearly $206 million in sales during the first nine months of the year, South China Morning Post reports. September saw a 134% increase from August and a staggering 2,336% rise year-on-year. This spike reflects Chinese consumers' demand for high-end foods despite overall spending hesitance. Lower import costs from Vietnam, attributed to labour and shipping advantages, have also contributed to this trend. Factors aiding this growth include China's relaxed seafood import regulations and trade agreements, particularly under the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. In 2019, Australia supplied over half of China's lobster imports.

Return of exiled Emperor’s belongings

Personal belongings of exiled Vietnamese Emperor Hàm Nghi (1871-1944) have been returned to Vietnam. Dr. Amandine Dabat, the Emperor's fifth-generation descendant, handed over items including a mother-of-pearl tea tray, smoking pipe, and a collection of Han-character books to the Vietnamese Embassy in Paris and the Việt Nam National Museum of Fine Arts. Viet Nam News reports that, the tea tray and books were donated to the Huế Monuments Conservation Centre, while the smoking pipe went to the People's Committee of Cam Lộ District, significant for its ties to the Cần Vương Movement against French colonial rule. Additionally, a painting by Hàm Nghi was gifted to the museum, with another painting previously donated in December 2022. The repatriation of these artefacts is seen as vital for heritage conservation and educating the younger generation about this patriotic figure. Hàm Nghi was the eighth emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty but reigned briefly before his exile.

Over 50 Indian flights received hoax bomb threats on October 27, contributing to over 350 threats in the past two weeks, primarily communicated via social media. Airlines including Akasa Air, IndiGo, and Vistara were affected, prompting security inspections that cleared the aircraft for operation. In response, the Union Civil Aviation Minister announced plans to ban individuals issuing hoax threats from flying and implement stricter penalties. The IT Ministry has also directed social media platforms to swiftly remove false information and cooperate in identifying those behind the threats. The Hindustantimes reports that some individuals responsible have already been traced, though their details remain undisclosed.

E-commerce expansion

E-commerce firms like Flipkart and Amazon are increasingly focusing on expanding in Tier-II and Tier-III towns, driven by rising demand from these regions during India's festive season. Flipkart's 'The Big Billion Days' sale saw strong participation from thousands of smaller towns, with significant sales in categories like electronics, fashion, and home products. The company also launched 11 new fulfillment centres, creating over 100,000 local jobs, according to the Business Standard .

Drop in polyester staple fibre export

India has sought compensation from Turkiye following Ankara's extension of safeguard measures on polyester staple fibres, which has adversely affected Indian exports. During recent WTO consultations, India expressed concerns about the impact of these measures, seeking resolution or compensatory measures. India's exports of polyester staple fibres dropped to USD 22.18 million in 2023-24 from USD 23.55 million in the previous year, Business Standard reports. Additionally, India has been active in addressing trade issues, previously proposing retaliatory customs duties in response to safeguard measures from the EU and the UK on steel products. India's overall trade with Turkiye stands at USD 6.65 billion in exports and USD 3.78 billion in imports for 2023-24.

Launch of private military aircraft facility

India is set to launch its first private military aircraft manufacturing facility, a joint venture between Airbus SE and TATA Advanced Systems, in Gujarat on October 28. This initiative aims to boost local defense production and reduce dependence on foreign imports. Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the facility. The factory will produce C-295 transport aircraft, with the first delivery scheduled for 2026 and the remaining by August 2031, according to Livemint . This initiative follows a $2.6 billion contract for 56 aircraft, with 40 to be manufactured in India. The new C-295s will gradually replace older Avro cargo planes and Russian-made An-72s as part of India's efforts to enhance its military capabilities amidst delays in Russian weapon supplies due to the ongoing Ukraine conflict.

Defense export

India is exporting military equipment to over 100 countries, with the US, France, and Armenia as its top three defense export customers. The Defense Ministry is focusing on boosting exports and domestic production. Notable exports include aircraft parts to the US, electronics to France, and artillery systems to Armenia. Since 2014-15, the value of defense production has tripled, increasing from Rs 46,429 crores to Rs 1.27 lakh crores, with the private sector contributing 21%. Business Standard reports that major products include LCA Tejas fighter jets, warships, artillery systems, and missile systems.

Tanzania's economic landscape shows encouraging signs as the current account deficit for the year leading up to August 2024 has narrowed to US$2.57 billion from US$3.85 billion the previous year. This improvement is attributed to robust export growth, particularly in goods and services, which reached US$15.06 billion, driven by a surge in tourism and significant exports of gold, tobacco, and horticultural products. Traditional exports totalled US$1.1 billion, while non-traditional exports soared to US$6.57 billion, with gold exports alone witnessing an 8.2% increase to US$3.19 billion. Additionally, service receipts, primarily from travel and transport, contributed US$6.95 billion, reflecting a marked 21.7% rise in tourist arrivals, IPP Media reports.

First PPP power transmission project

Tanzania is also advancing its energy infrastructure, currently negotiating with two foreign entities for its inaugural Public-Private Partnership (PPP) power transmission projects, valued at an impressive $1.2 billion. Currently, power transmission remains solely under the control of Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO). With aspirations to draw lessons from successful PPP models in Latin America and Asia, the government faces notable challenges such as regulatory barriers and skills shortages in governmental agencies. These PPP initiatives aim to enhance electricity access and reliability while reducing transmission losses and costs for consumers. As reported by Daily News , despite benefiting from an overarching electricity surplus, the government has earmarked $1.9 billion for the enhancement of transmission infrastructure, addressing ongoing issues in power accessibility.

Longest bridge in East Africa opened

In another pivotal development, Tanzania has inaugurated the Magufuli Bridge, now recognised as East Africa's longest bridge, standing at 3.2 kilometres across Lake Victoria in the Mwanza region. Constructed for £240 million ($300 million) by Chinese contractors, this bridge connects the Misungwi and Sengerema districts, entirely financed by the Tanzanian government. Although construction began in December 2019, it was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with completion achieved on October 6, 2023. This infrastructure is set to significantly bolster regional connectivity with neighbouring countries such as Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda, ranking among Africa's top ten longest bridges. The bridge has been named to honour the late President John Magufuli, who first envisioned the project.

Importance of conservation

The creative sector, particularly film, also plays a role in Tanzania's socio-economic development. Filmmaker Aika Kirei is utilising her animated series "Chiku and Katope" as a medium to educate primary school students about environmental conservation. VOA reports that through this innovative storytelling approach, Kirei aims to instil a sense of environmental stewardship in young viewers, highlighting the vital importance of sustainability and conservation efforts for future generations.

Economic boost

Furthermore, the economic contributions from Barrick Gold's Twiga partnership, encompassing the North Mara and Bulyanhulu gold mines, significantly bolstered the Tanzanian economy, accounting for 51% of the government's revenue from the extractive sector. According to the latest assessments by Mining Review Africa , these mines have excelled in safety initiatives, with Bulyanhulu being the recipient of an Occupational Safety and Health Award. Barrick Gold is actively conducting exploration efforts aimed at replenishing and expanding its mining reserves, whilst concurrently identifying new mining opportunities. The initial phase of the Barrick-Twiga Future Forward Education initiative has seen an investment of $10 million into local school infrastructure, with further investments planned.

India's Ambassador to Zimbabwe, Bramha Kumar, has reaffirmed India's commitment to supporting Zimbabwe's skills development and capacity-building initiatives. During a recent meeting with Zimbabweans who completed training under the India Technical and Economic Cooperation programme, he highlighted the strong bilateral relations and India's role in various projects, including the Deka pumping and river water intake system, funded by a US$48.1 million Indian Line of Credit. Kumar noted that approximately 5,000 Zimbabwean students are currently studying in India and mentioned the establishment and recent upgrades of 17 Indo-Zim technology centres, which provide critical training for youth and government officials. According to The Herald , the Indian Embassy aims to further enhance cooperation in skills training and capacity building.

Zimbabwe gets ready for sports festival

The Zimbabwe Traditional Sports and Games Federation (ZTSGF) and the African Traditional Sports and Games Confederation (ATSGC) signed a host protocol agreement for the 2028 Multi-Event Festival after Zimbabwe won the bid to host. ATSGC president Michael Shamsu Mustapha expressed confidence in Zimbabwe's preparations and pledged support for the event. The festival will feature various traditional sports and activities, with the 2026 edition taking place in Namibia, The Herald reports.

Combatting drought

Zimbabwe has received humanitarian assistance from Belarus to combat the El Nino-induced drought affecting over 9 million people. The aid package includes food, agricultural equipment, clothing, and supplements, Bulawayo reports. Local Government Minister Daniel Garwe expressed gratitude for Belarus’ support, highlighting its significance for bilateral relations and resilience against adversity. He noted ongoing efforts in Zimbabwe, including drilling boreholes for clean water and creating village business units to empower women and youth. Belarusian Emergency Situations Deputy Minister Ihar Bolatau reaffirmed commitment to cooperation, aiming for Zimbabwe's economic growth despite the drought and promoting sustainable practices to address climate change.

Quality exports

Zimbabwe is prioritising the production of quality exports that meet global standards to boost international trade. Dr. Thomas Utete Wushe, the Industry and Commerce permanent secretary, recently met with representatives from Cotecna, a leader in testing and certification, and Crystal Partners, a female-led investment firm, in South Africa. The discussions focused on the importance of standards verification for economic growth and safeguarding local consumers. Cotecna emphasized that ensuring product quality opens new export opportunities for Zimbabwe, while Crystal Partners highlighted the potential for strategic partnerships to enhance local industries. The Herald reports that this collaboration aims to strengthen Zimbabwe's regulatory frameworks and increase its competitiveness in global markets. Additionally, Dr. Wushe attended the launch of the Zimbabwe/South Africa Chamber of Commerce, promoting a unified approach to trade within the SADC region.

Culling of elephants

Zimbabwe plans to cull 200 elephants due to severe drought and food shortages, along with an overpopulation that has led to increased human-wildlife conflicts. The country's environment minister stated that Zimbabwe has more elephants than needed, with Hwange National Park hosting 65,000 elephants—four times its capacity. Critics of the culling argue for more sustainable solutions to address the drought, emphasising the importance of wildlife tourism. News Central reports that this marks the first culling since 1988, as southern Africa, including Namibia, faces similar challenges.

Thus, China is shifting its trade focus, particularly in oil from Africa to the Gulf countries. 

China's crude oil imports from Africa are declining as the nation increasingly sources oil from more stable producers in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, Russia, and other Asian nations. In 2023, the value of crude oil imports from Russia and several Asian producers surged compared to pre-pandemic levels in 2019, with dramatic increases noted in imports from the UAE (254 percent), Malaysia (408 percent), Kazakhstan (214 percent), and Kuwait (41 percent).

Meanwhile, China’s reliance on African oil is diminishing. With the exception of Chad, which saw a 78-percent increase in oil exports to China between 2019 and 2023, most major African oil producers have experienced significant declines in trade with China.  

Angola, once the world’s second-largest oil exporter to China in 2010, dropped to eighth place by 2023. Other African nations, including South Sudan, Sudan, and Nigeria, have also seen their oil exports to China plummet by 77 percent, 67 percent, and 61 percent, respectively.

As President Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s term draws to a close, he is pushing for substantial reforms in Mexico's judiciary, framing this as a necessary measure to combat corruption. Detractors argue that this initiative represents a significant power grab, risking judicial independence and the integrity of democracy. Transitioning from an appointment-based to a voter-elected system for judges that requires minimal qualifications, could potentially displace over 5,000 judges nationwide. This proposal has incited widespread strikes among judiciary personnel and elicited stern criticism from the U.S. ambassador, The NY Times report.

Judicial reform

The Constitutional Points Committee of Mexico's Chamber of Deputies has advocated for a judicial reform proposal that allows citizens to directly elect judges and Supreme Court justices. This reform has raised critical concerns regarding the independence of the judiciary, directly impacting diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Mexico. According to Mexico News Daily , as the ruling Morena party holds a two-thirds majority, the proposal is anticipated to pass when Congress reconvenes on September 1.

Electric vehicles export

Mexico is on track to become the largest exporter of electric vehicles (EVs) to the U.S. by 2024, following a staggering 172% increase in export revenue to $3.127 billion during the first half of the year. This growth positions Mexico as the second-largest exporter to the U.S., trailing only Germany. The overall U.S. import of EVs surged by 36.1%, totalling $11.95 billion. According to Mexico News Daily , the country's EV exports have experienced exponential growth, achieving an 18,047% increase since 2019. If the current trajectory persists, total export revenue may hit $6.254 billion by the end of 2024, indicating a nearly 30,000% rise from 2019.

Haitian Mexico Open Day

Haitian Mexico hosted an Open Day event in Guadalajara to showcase its latest injection moulding technologies, underscoring its commitment to the regional market. The event emphasised solutions centred on energy efficiency, intelligence, and sustainability, alongside products from different divisions, including CNC and die-casting machines, PR Newswire explained. As a regional management and manufacturing centre since 2022, Haitian Mexico seeks to enhance its delivery capabilities and response times for local clients in the Americas. The organisation is committed to tailoring its strategies to meet clients' unique needs and foster cooperative relationships, contributing to the industry’s growth in Mexico and its neighbouring regions.

Relationship with U.S and Canada on pause

Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has placed the relationship between the Mexican government and U.S. and Canadian embassies “on pause” in response to U.S. Ambassador Ken Salazar's public criticism of the judicial reform. Obrador denounced this opposition as a foreign intrusion into Mexico's sovereignty and expressed a desire for respectful diplomatic relations, Mexico News Daily reported. Nevertheless, critics warn that the proposed reforms could threaten judicial independence by introducing political motivations into the election of judges.

Uganda has successfully sent its first export container to Serbia, valued at USD 56,000. The shipment, which includes coffee, banana flour, and artisanal crafts, marks a significant milestone in economic collaboration between the two countries, Chim reports indicate. This development signals Uganda's commitment to expanding its trade footprint and diversifying its economy. The successful export also paves the way for future trade endeavours, with plans for ten more containers in the pipeline.

Investigation into landfill collapse

24 people have died in a landslide caused by heavy rainfall in Uganda. President Museveni has ordered an investigation, questioning why people were living near the unstable garbage heap. The landfill has been a source of complaints for years, and efforts to decommission it have stalled since 2016. Rescue efforts are ongoing, but heavy rain has hampered progress. At least 14 people have been rescued so far, and tents have been set up for those displaced by the disaster, ABC News reported.

Miss Uganda

23-year-old Natasha Nyonyozi was crowned Miss Uganda for 2024/2025, beating 26 contestants. She impressed judges and will represent Uganda at Miss World. Other winners include Suraya Umeimah Bashuaeb and Joan Nabatanzi. Nyonyozi drove off in a new car and the event was also attended by Miss Tanzania, The Observer reported.

Landfill collapse

A landfill collapse in Uganda has resulted in the deaths of 24 individuals who were buried in rubbish. According to Sky News , rescuers are still digging through the rubble in the capital, Kampala, days after disaster struck at the Kiteezi landfill on Friday. This tragic event highlights the urgent need for improved waste management and safety measures at landfills.

Ugandan shilling

The Ugandan shilling strengthened slightly on Monday, August 12 due to decreased demand for foreign currency. Commercial banks quoted the shilling at 3,718/3,728 compared to Friday's close of 3,722/3,732. This trend was attributed to a weaker appetite for hard currency across the board, CNBC Africa explained.

Many young people in Senegal lack legal documentation, impacting their education and access to public services. It wasn't until 12-year-old Senegalese schoolboy Lassou Samb prepared for his end-of-year exams that the absence of legal documentation became a significant issue. Like many children in West Africa, Samb was never registered at birth, an oversight with potentially serious implications for his education. Each exam period underscores a widespread issue of unregistered births, not only in Senegal but across Africa, reports VOA .

Senegal gears up for public policy reform

President Faye of Senegal has outlined a vision for bold public policy reform, emphasising the need for transparency and accountability. APA News highlights that the government is facing challenges with the National Assembly, but efforts are underway to overcome the impasse and move forward with the promised reforms.

More than 250 migrants intercepted

The West African country's navy detained a boat on Friday carrying 202 people attempting to reach Europe in fishing waters near Lompoul, northwest Senegal, the army announced on X. Among those on board were five women and a child, the post added. On Saturday, July 20, the army reported that a navy patrol had arrested 57 "would-be irregular migrants" in the northwest coastal town of Saint Louis. According to TOA , the group included 15 women and comprised citizens of Senegal, Ivory Coast, Mali, and Gambia, the army noted on X.

BYD launches in Senegal

BYD has launched its ATTO 3 electric SUV in Senegal, making EVs available in more markets. The move is crucial for reducing air pollution from ageing vehicles in Dakar, especially taxis. The company is also partnering with local organisations to support the adoption of electric vehicles in Africa, showing positive momentum for the global transition to EVs, as reported by Clean Technica .

Cashew exports from Senegal

DP World has officially kicked off Senegal’s cashew export season by welcoming the MV Diogue, a large shipment carrying 2,000 tonnes of cashews from neighbouring Guinea-Bissau. West Africa is emerging as a leading exporter of cashew nuts, with Senegal playing a crucial role as a key gateway for this valuable agricultural commodity. The cashew export season in Senegal began on July 5th, Cyprus Shipping News reports.

Indonesian President Joko Widodo will visit the UAE to discuss strategic ties, including the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. The agreement aims to increase trade and investment between the two countries. The National reports that they will also work together on environmental projects, including a new mangrove research centre. The UAE and Indonesia have a deep friendship, with both countries having their own Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque.

Facilitation of cross-border transactions

Indonesia and South Korea have agreed to link QR code payments, aiming to facilitate cross-border transactions and encourage digital economy and finance. The collaboration will support the interconnection and interoperability of QR code-based payments, in line with the G20 Roadmap for Enhancing Cross-border Payments. According to The Star , this partnership is expected to improve efficiency, transparency, and quickness in cross-border payment systems between the two countries.

Electricity exportation

Indonesia has started exporting electricity to Papua New Guinea, with the electricity network running from Jayapura in Indonesia to Wutung in Papua New Guinea. Indonesian President Joko Widodo announced this development and emphasised Indonesia's commitment to supporting development in Papua New Guinea. The leaders also discussed a memorandum of understanding covering various fields and expressed optimism about future collaborations, Social news reports.

U.S.-Indonesia ties

The U.S. has approached Indonesia about joining a multinational partnership to boost the Southeast Asian nation's environmental standards as the two countries discuss a critical minerals deal, a senior U.S. official said on Monday, July 15, 2024. The U.S. Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment Jose Fernandez spoke to the Indonesian government about the Mineral Security Partnership, a collaboration of 14 countries and the European Union, during his visit to Jakarta this week, Tempo.co reports.

Ministerial work

Indonesia's Minister of Transportation, Budi Karya Sumadi, became the first Cabinet member to start working in the new capital, Nusantara, despite its lack of basic amenities. The capital shift has faced delays and challenges, with President Joko Widodo delaying his move and expressing uncertainty about the official inauguration. The Minister worked in Nusantara for three days before returning to Jakarta, Channel News Asia reports.

The UAE Ambassador to Uganda, Abdalla Al Shamsi, highlighted the strong trade and investment ties between the two nations. Significant collaborations include investments in the aviation industry, oil and gas sector, and a 1 Gigawatt Solar Power Station. The UAE is also involved in the construction of Kidepo International Airport and tourist hotels within Kidepo National Park. The ambassador expressed optimism for the future of UAE-Uganda relations, with increased trade and economic growth. The two countries anticipate a future of mutual benefit and friendship.

Ugandans impoverished due to costly healthcare

An annual World Bank report shows that close to a million Ugandans are pushed into poverty due to costly out-of-pocket spending on healthcare. The report highlights the urgent need for enhanced financial protection, particularly for rural households, and recommends increasing government healthcare spending to address the issue. The inadequate supply of medicines and widespread theft in the health sector also contribute to the problem, local publication The Monitor reports

Exports to Kenya decline on trade disputes

Uganda's exports to Kenya have fallen by 9.09% in Q1 2024, largely due to a trade dispute between Nairobi and Kampala. This has led to a blockade of Ugandan goods like eggs, sugar, milk powder, and grains. This has forced Uganda to seek alternative markets in North and West Africa. Kenya and Uganda have agreed to resolve the trade disputes, but implementation remains uncertain, the Ugandan Standard reports.

Former parliament opposition leader considers presidency

Former Ugandan parliament opposition leader Mathias Mpuuga is considering running for president in 2026. According to Mpuuga the East African nation needs future leaders, and he will decide on his candidacy following a consultation with his supporters. He was suspended from the National Unity Platform (NUP) party in March by party leader Robert Kyagulanyi for allegedly receiving money from President Yoweri Museveni, which he claims was legal, VOA Africa reported.

Inclusion in top 10 African countries with most foreign direct investment

Uganda was among the top 10 African countries that attracted the most foreign direct investment in 2023 . While the clean energy sector is a major draw, rapid economic growth and a youthful population also contribute to investment in the continent. Overall FDI inflows into Africa declined by 3%, but the continent saw significant expansion in greenfield investments, particularly in the clean energy sector. Some of the top countries attracting FDI included Egypt, South Africa, Ethiopia, Uganda, Senegal, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Uganda's exports to Rwanda have increased significantly, reaching Shs110b (about $2.7 million). Trade between the two countries improved following a period of strained relations, with the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding in January 2022. Uganda has also recorded a trade surplus with DR Congo and increased exports to South Sudan, Monitor reports.

Struggling SMEs

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) serve as the critical pillars of the Ugandan economy, yet their survival is often jeopardized by inadequate financial literacy. Authorities caution that without adept financial governance, these entities face an imminent risk of collapse, notwithstanding their inherent capacity for expansion. Mr. Charles Ocici, the Executive Director of Enterprise Uganda, underscores the importance of financial acumen for entrepreneurs to navigate the complexities of commerce and ensure enduring economic fortitude. "Most Ugandans operating SMEs view profits as an achievement rather than a resource to be reinvested. They spend their profits without realising that reinvesting capital is key to scaling their businesses," he told Monitor .

Coffee production projected to increase

Uganda's coffee production is projected to reach 6.9 million bags in 2024/25, with an increase in consumption and exports expected, reports Zawya . According to a report issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) post in Nairobi, "Uganda's coffee production in 2024/25 is forecast to reach 6.9 million bags (60 kg), an increase of 40,000 bags from the previous year, due to adoption of good agricultural practices, targeted interventions to combat pest and disease outbreaks, and maturation of new high-yielding seedlings planted in recent years. 2024/25 consumption is anticipated to rise by 1.2% to reach 330,000 bags largely due to the proliferation of coffee outlets in Kampala city and other urban areas. 2024/25 exports are expected to slightly increase from 6.52 million to 6.58 million bags because of increased domestic supply."

Deforestation causing havoc

Deforestation is threatening plant and animal species in Mt Elgon National Park, jeopardising ecosystems crucial for the survival of people in Bugisu Sub-region. The park, located on the border between Uganda and Kenya, covers an area of 494 square miles and is a major water catchment area. Deforestation has led to disasters such as floods, loss of soil fertility, and drying rivers. Locals are engaging in restoration and conservation activities, while the government has unveiled plans to plant 300,000 high-value trees in the region. According to Monitor , boundary disputes between the community and the Uganda Wildlife Authority have fuelled deforestation, with both sides encroaching on each other's land. Efforts are being made to fight deforestation and manage the park's resources collaboratively.

U.S. calls out Uganda over corruption

The US government has criticised Uganda for failing to arrest and prosecute officials accused of human rights violations. Uganda's foreign affairs minister, Jeje Odongo, responded by accusing the US of double standards and defending the government's actions. As reported by the Monitor , the U.S. report also accuses the government of corruption and interference with freedoms such as media and peaceful assembly. Security forces are accused of arbitrary arrests, torture, and judicial interference. The government denies some of the accusations and blames individual officers for human rights abuses.

Chile is seeking to become the world's top lithium producer, but environmentalists are concerned about the impact of lithium extraction on the fragile ecosystems in the Atacama desert. The extraction process involves pumping water from salt flats, leading to concerns about water scarcity and environmental degradation. Indigenous Colla people are also at risk of losing their traditional way of life due to dwindling water sources, as reported by France24 .

Increased internet users

Internet usage in Chile has seen a significant surge in the first quarter of 2024, with both fixed and mobile internet traffic experiencing a 12% year-over-year increase, as reported by Subtel's latest statistics. Notably, fixed traffic continues to dominate, accounting for nearly five times the volume of mobile traffic, with a substantial total of almost 7.9 million terabytes. This growth highlights the expanding online presence in Chile, with both fixed and mobile internet services contributing to the upward trend, according to Telecompaper .

Strides in fruit exports

Over the last week, the Chilean Agricultural and Livestock Service (SAG) in collaboration with Frutas de Chile has engaged in strategic discussions with plant health officials from Japan, Korea, and China. These meetings are part of a concerted effort to gear up for the 2024-2025 fruit export campaign and to facilitate the introduction of new varieties of Chilean fruits into these Asian markets. According to Fresh Plaza , the team, spearheaded by SAG's national director José Guajardo, comprises experts from SAG and stakeholders from the private sector. Their dialogue has centred on the progress and plant health prerequisites necessary for the exportation of Chilean agricultural products, including apples, to these nations.

World's largest astronomy camera

Boasting a resolution surpassing 3.2 gigapixels, the heaviest digital camera in optical astronomy, tipping the scales at nearly three tons, is poised for a groundbreaking ten-year survey and is set to be mounted beneath the pristine skies of northern Chile. As reported by Reuters , The components necessary to construct the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, encompassing both a terrestrial telescope and the colossal camera, have been transported via multiple conveyances to the peak of Cerro Pachón in the Coquimbo region, situated at the fringe of the Atacama desert and approximately 565 kilometres to the north of Santiago.

Bishops against abortion and euthanasia advocacy

Chilean bishops have expressed strong disapproval of President Gabriel Boric's intention to support legislation that would decriminalise euthanasia and advance another bill to regulate legal abortion within the nation. President Boric publicised these legislative initiatives on June 1, in the course of the customary presidential address to Congress, an event akin to the State of the Union address in the United States. “I am convinced of the need to have a democratic debate on sexual and reproductive rights. That is why, during the second half of this year, we will introduce a bill on legal abortion. (…) The women of Chile deserve their right to decide,” Boric declared according to Catholic World Report .

Vietnam's Prime Minister has engaged in discussions with representatives from the World Bank regarding the bank's proposed $11 billion loan for Vietnam over the next five years. According to Viet Nam News , the loan is earmarked for infrastructure, energy, and agriculture projects aimed at fostering sustainable growth and tackling climate change issues. The World Bank has pledged to collaborate closely with Vietnam to ensure the effective functioning of its regional office and to assist Vietnam in achieving its development objectives for 2030 and 2050.

Coffee prices turnover

Coffee prices have settled higher due to concerns about the coffee crop in Brazil and Vietnam. This has led to an increase in options trading signals and unusual options activity. According to Barchart , a negative influence on the coffee market was the International Coffee Association's (ICO) report on Monday, revealing a 6.8% year-on-year increase in global coffee exports for February, reaching 11.33 million bags. Additionally, total global coffee exports for the period from October to February of the 2023/24 season surged by 11.1% year-on-year to reach 56.2 million bags.

Rice export gains

Vietnam's rice prices rose last week, putting the country at the top for export prices. The 5% broken rice is priced at $585 per ton, higher than Thailand and Pakistan. Vietnam earned $2.08 billion from exporting 3.23 million tons of rice in the first four months of the year. The country's rice output is expected to reach 43 million tons in 2024, reports the Sun .

Pepper price increment

Vietnamese pepper prices have been steadily increasing, reaching levels of $4.68-$4.71 per kilo. The Vietnam Pepper and Spice Association predicts that prices could hit new peaks of $13.75-$15.72 per kilo in the next decade. The market is not ready to cool down, with shortages and high demand pushing up prices. As reported by Viet Nam News , the International Pepper Community (IPC) also showed big fluctuations in trading sessions.

$136 million investment abroad

Vietnamese enterprises invested $136 million in new and existing projects abroad in the first five months of the year, with a focus on mining, manufacturing, and trading. The Netherlands and Laos were the top recipients of Vietnamese investment. As of May 20, Vietnam had 1,733 operational projects abroad, with the majority of investments in the mining and agro-forestry-fishery sectors. Laos, Cambodia, and Venezuela were the top recipients of Vietnamese investment, Viet Nam News reports.

Currently, only 16 percent of Tanzania’s lands have been surveyed. A geophysical survey of nearly 18 percent of state land will be done in the next financial year through the Geological Survey of Tanzania, Minerals Minister Anthony Mavunde announced.

“In the next fiscal year which starts in July 2024, parliament has approved a project to conduct an in-depth geophysical survey in two blocks with a total area of 165,574 square kilometres. This will lead to the establishment of many large mines and significantly increase opportunities,” Mavunde said during the mining stakeholder’s forum in Arusha.

The Minister further revealed that $3.55 billion worth of minerals were exported in 2023 alone, accounting for 56.2 percent of the sales of non-traditional goods compared to exports worth $3.39 billion in 2022.

Tanzania’s mining sector contributed about 10.9 percent to the national income for the third quarter of 2023.

Uzbekistan’s trade turnover of natural and artificial gas reached $515.1 million from January through April 2024, according to Trend News Agency . Data from Uzbekistan’s Statistics Agency reveals a significant increase of 137.3% compared to the same period last year when the trade turnover was $217 million. During the first four months of 2024, Uzbekistan’s exports of natural and artificial gas amounted to $52.3 million, marking a 55.6% decrease from the $117.9 million recorded in the same period of 2023. Meanwhile, imports surged to $462.8 million, a 202.2% rise from the $153.1 million reported in January–April 2023.

Exports to Russia

Uzbekistan has significantly increased its export of fruits and vegetables to Russia, with a 26% increase in supply compared to the previous year. Shipments of white cabbage, fresh persimmons, cauliflower, and carrots have all seen significant increases. The potential for mutual trade between the two countries is wide, and efforts are underway to simplify supply conditions and make bilateral trade more transparent, reports KunUz . Integration of information systems in the field of phytosanitary is also being worked on to simplify control procedures.

Foreign trade gains

Uzbekistan's foreign trade turnover in 1Q24 reached nearly $21bn, up 6% from the previous year. According to Daryo , despite a deficit of $3.9bn, exports grew by 9% while imports increased by 3.9%. China is the largest trade partner, with a total trade volume of $3.96bn, followed by Russia at $3.84bn. Other key trading partners include Kazakhstan, Turkey, South Korea, France, Germany, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and India.

Bilateral collaboration with Azerbaijan

A signing ceremony for bilateral documents was held in Quba during the Second Azerbaijan – Uzbekistan Interregional Forum, as reported by UzA . The event saw the signing of memoranda of understanding and cooperation in trade, economic, and cultural-humanitarian spheres between Termez and Bilasuvar, Namangan and Mingachevir, and Gulistan and Fuzuli. Additionally, a roadmap for preparing the state visit of President Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan to Uzbekistan was approved at the forum. It was noted that implementing these documents will foster closer relations and strengthen direct ties between the people of both nations.

Humanitarian aid to Afghanistan

Uzbekistan has sent 200 tons of humanitarian aid to Afghanistan for those affected by mudflows and floods. The aid includes food, tents, and water storage tanks, and was delivered to Balkh province through the Airitom border crossing. According to Akipress , the ceremony was attended by officials from both countries, and Uzbekistan was thanked for their support. Afghanistan has suffered severe casualties from the floods, with over 70 people dead in April and over 300 in May.

According to a report from Uganda's finance ministry posted on X on Tuesday, May 21, 2024, the increase in export revenue was due to the increase in the preference for tobacco, simsim (sesame), hides and skins as well as gold.

"The merchandise exports increased to USD 634.43 million in March 2024 from USD 633.0 million in Feb.2024.This was mainly due to a rise in export receipts from tobacco, simsim (sesame), hides & skins and gold," the finance ministry wrote on X .

Additionally, the ministry explained the increase was also attributed to investor confidence in Ugnada's business environment, especially in the manufacturing sector.

"Investors were more optimistic about the business environment, especially in the manufacturing & wholesale trade sectors. This is shown by the Business Tendency Index which remained above the 50-mark threshold increasing to 55.57 in April 2024 from 55.54 the previous month," the ministry added.

The tides seem to be turning in favour of the Ugandan economy as it has experienced magnificent successes this year.

For the first time in history, Uganda has joined other countries like Rwanda and Tanzania to graduate from the UN's Least Developed Countries status after meeting the laid down criteria.

According to the United Nations , Uganda and the aforementioned countries will be assessed again in 2027 and if they meet the criteria, they will be graduated.

“The Committee found that Rwanda, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania fulfilled the criteria for graduation for the first time. These countries will be considered for graduation at the next triennial review in 2027,” the report said.

Dangote said that his refinery can also provide fuel for Africa's aviation demands, declaring that his country, Nigeria has no reason to import gasoline from any part of the world from June.

"Right now, Nigeria has no cause to import anything apart from gasoline and by sometime in June, within the next four or five weeks, Nigeria shouldn’t import anything like gasoline; not one drop of a litre. We have enough gasoline to give to at least the entire West Africa, and diesel to give to West Africa and Central Africa. We have enough aviation fuel to give to the entire continent and also export some to Brazil and Mexico,” he is quoted by Nigerian media Punch Newspaper .

The Nigerian billionaire explained that it is not normal for Africa to continuously import from other continents when the region has enough raw materials to make it self-sufficient.

“Today, our polypropylene and our polyethene will meet the entire demand of Africa and we are doing base oil, which is like engine oil, we are doing linear benzyl, which is raw material to produce detergent. We have 1.4 billion people in the population, nobody is producing that in Africa. “So, all the raw materials for our detergents are imported. We are producing that raw material to make Africa self-sufficient. As I said, give us three or a maximum of four years and Africa will not, I repeat, not import any more fertilizer from anywhere. We will make Africa self-sufficient in potash, phosphate, and urea, we are at three million tonnes and in the next twenty months, we will be at six million tonnes of urea which is the entire capacity of Egypt. We are getting there,” he added.

Dangote refinery, commissioned in Nigeria in February, has since made efforts to improve the availability of fuel in the country. The refinery is reported to be Africa’s biggest oil refinery and the world’s biggest single-train facility and produces 650,000 barrels of gasoline per day.

“Our capacity is too big for Nigeria, but it would also supply West Africa, Central Africa and South Africa. We have 650,000 barrels per day, 1 million tonnes of polypropylene, we have 590,000 carbon black, that is the raw materials ink, dyes and co. We are expanding more. This is the first phase and we are going out to the next phase which will start early next year,” Dangote said.

Gold businesses in Vietnam must implement electronic invoices connected to the tax authorities by June 15 or face licence revocation. According to Hanoi Times , the government is cracking down on small-scale transactions involving precious metals lacking proper documentation. Additionally, the CEO of SJC suggests removing the gold monopoly provision from Decree No. 24/2022 to facilitate gold trading businesses producing their gold bars.

6G technology

Vietnam is focusing on shifting from traditional telecommunications infrastructure to advanced digital technology. The country is investing in digital innovation, including research into 6G technology and establishing a 6G Steering Committee, Vietnam News reported. Telecoms carriers are also receiving licenses to deploy 5G nationwide. The government is committed to actively participating in the global development of 6G technology to pave the way for a new industry in the country.

Former Health Minister Nguyen Thanh Long

Former Health Minister Nguyen Thanh Long received a reduced sentence of 17 years for accepting bribes in the Viet A case appeal. The General Director of Viet A Company, Phan Quoc Viet, had his 29-year prison sentence upheld for violating bidding regulations and offering bribes. Viet A company leaders admitted to inflating the prices of COVID-19 test kits and bribing health officials. According to Vietnam Plus , the company sold over 4.5 million test kits, losing 1,235 billion VND (48.35 million USD). The Ministry of Public Security’s Investigation Agency froze transactions and deposits linked with the case.

Miss National Vietnam

The Miss National Vietnam 2024 competition invited unmarried women aged 18-27 to compete. The event aims to showcase Vietnamese culture and lifestyle while promoting confidence and talent among young women. The competition will be broadcast on television and radio, with preliminary and semi-final rounds leading up to the final event in December, Vietnam News reported. The judging panel includes former beauty pageant winners, who will also support the contestants during the competition.

Coal exports

In April, Vietnam's coal exports reached a record $29.4 million, with 109,219 tonnes, Connect Vietnam reports. This is a significant increase from the previous month. Japan is the largest importer, with Vietnam also exporting to the Netherlands, South Africa, Thailand, the Philippines, and Malaysia. Vietnam has significant coal reserves, especially in Quảng Ninh Province. The Ministry of Industry and Trade projects an increase in demand for coal until 2030 before it gradually decreases. It is expected that Vietnam will need to import coal to meet demand.

Traditionally, Ethiopian coffee has found its way into the markets of Saudi Arabia, South Korea, the United States, Germany, and Japan. However, recent years have seen the Ethiopian government successfully penetrate new markets, including China, the United Arab Emirates, and Sudan. This diversification strategy has played a crucial role in the resilience and growth of Ethiopia's coffee export sector.

Coffee production is the backbone of Ethiopia's agriculture-led economy, and the country is celebrated for its coffee's rich quality. The global demand for Ethiopian coffee remains strong due to its unique characteristics.

Despite the impressive revenue from coffee exports, experts point out that the sector faces challenges, particularly in value addition. The majority of Ethiopian coffee exports are raw beans, which means the full potential of the sector is not being realised. There is a significant opportunity for Ethiopia to increase its revenue by investing in processing and branding its coffee for the international market.

According to a 2021 study by LIGS University, "Ethiopia's coffee export plays an essential role in the country’s economy. However, some obstacles affect the export process and expectations. Among them are product quality considerations, decreasing supply, increasing demand, lack of price negotiations, and product branding. Lack of promotion, lack of quality, continuity, lack of transportation, lack of modern sudden, lack of modern education to the farmers, and the other challenges, most Ethiopian coffee exporter companies have no confidence to answer the researchers' requests."

In the 2023 fiscal year , Ethiopia earned $1.3 billion from exporting around 240,000 tons of coffee. This marked a decrease from the record-high $1.4 billion revenue from about 300,000 tons of coffee exported in 2022.

Niger’s new move follows severance of ties with France and the US.

“There is no shadow over this as we have safeguarded the interests of our country," said Prime Minister Ali Mahaman Lamine Zeine 

Notably, CNPC has already constructed a substantial 1,200-mile pipeline to facilitate the transportation of oil from Niger to its neighbouring country, Benin. This infrastructure investment is part of a larger $4.6 billion commitment by CNPC to bolster Niger's petroleum industry.

Economic projections suggest a growth surge of over 12% for Niger's economy this year, positioning it as one of the fastest-growing in sub-Saharan Africa, as stated by the World Bank. For Niger, this loan agreement is perceived as a crucial lifeline, particularly for its military junta, which assumed power in July of the previous year.  

Forecasts from S&P Global Commodity Insights further indicate that Niger is ready to commence shipping 90,000 barrels per day this month, with expectations of this figure increasing to 110,000 barrels per day. 

China

China’s gold influence is known globally. The country’s gold mining industry has made it a world leader in gold production, having overtaken South Africa in 2007. According to the World Gold Council , China has been the largest gold producer in the world for years in succession. The country has several big mines, with Shaxi Copper Mine, located in the province of Anhui being the largest gold mine as of 2022, based on production. The mine site is said to have produced an estimated 9,58,740 ounces of gold that year alone. China was producing 375.0 metric tonnes of gold per data provided by the World Gold Council as of 2022.

Russia

Russia is next. The country is known for its gold production, producing about 8% of gold globally. Polyus was the largest gold mining company in Russia in 2021, having produced approximately 84.5 metric tonnes of gold. Russia produces 324.7 metric tonnes of gold per data provided by the World Gold Council.

Australia

Australia is the third largest global producer of gold, producing 327.8 tonnes of gold. The country has rich mineral resources and an advanced mining industry with leading mining companies in Australia including Newmont, Newcrest Mining, Northern Star Resources, and Evolution Mining. The country’s gold fortunes are expected to reach 320 metric tonnes by 2023, according to Statista .

Canada

Canada is ranked as the fourth largest gold producer worldwide and 7 th in terms of gold reserves as of 2022. According to Statista, Ontario was the largest producer of gold in Canada in 2022, having produced roughly 93,168 kilograms of gold that year. The World Gold Council puts Canada’s most recent gold production capacity at 194.5 metric tonnes.

United States

The United States has its biggest gold produce coming from the state of Nevada. As a net exporter of gold, the U.S. produces 172.7 metric tonnes of gold. The European country is however experiencing a decline in production that began in 2019.

Ghana

Ghana has made a name as the only African country with the largest gold production record. With more than 32% increase in gold production, the West African country has won the first spot from South Africa as the leading gold producer in Africa. Ghana’s gold production is both in the small- and large-scale sectors, producing 127.0 tonnes of gold as of 2022 figures. The country has also become a gold exploration for many countries.

Peru

Gold mining has been a significant industry in Peru for years, and the country's rich mineral reserves contribute to its growth and ranking in global gold production. The country produces 125.7 metric tonnes of gold. In 2022, Compañia Minera Poderosa S.A. was the leading gold mine producer in Peru, accounting for 9.7 percent of the country's total production.

Indonesia

Gold mining in Indonesia is concentrated in various regions across the archipelago, with key mining areas including Papua, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Sumatra. The World Gold Council puts the country’s gold production at 124.9 metric tonnes as of 2022. But Statista pegs the country’s gold production at 110 metric tonnes as of 2023.

Mexico

Mexico boasts of being one of the biggest industrial gold mines in the world. As a significant player in the global mining industry, the Latin American country is ranked as the 9 th largest by the World Gold Council with gold production records of 124.0 metric tonnes.

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan is rich in gold, producing 110.8 metric tonnes of gold. Muruntau, the world’s largest open-pit gold mine by area is located in the country. Uzbekistan positioned itself as a significant player in the global gold market, contributing 100 tonnes to the over 3,000 tonnes of gold produced worldwide in 2023, as per the data released by the US Geological Survey.