IOC President Kirsty Coventry said the decision is intended to ensure fairness in competition. “As a former athlete, I passionately believe in the rights of all Olympians to take part in fair competition,” she stated. “It is absolutely clear that it would not be fair for biological males to compete in the female category. In addition, in some sports it would simply not be safe.”

The IOC said the policy is based on research indicating that male sex development provides advantages in strength, power, and endurance, which may persist after transition. The policy document states that males experience three testosterone peaks—in utero, during infancy, and from puberty through adulthood—which contribute to “individual sex-based performance advantages.”

The decision follows years of debate involving high-profile athletes. Algerian boxer Imane Khelif, who won gold at the Paris 2024 Games after having faced online abuse and accusations regarding her gender eligibility. Khelif faced further scrutiny after a leaked medical report allegedly indicated an XY chromosome pattern and internal testicles. The report suggested she may have 5-alpha reductase deficiency, a condition in which genetic males may be raised as females due to ambiguous external genitalia. Her father, Omar Khelif, said, “My child is a girl. She was raised as a girl.” Under the new policy, such athletes would be excluded from female competition unless they can demonstrate the absence of performance-enhancing effects from testosterone.

South African runner Caster Semenya has also been central to the debate. She recently ended a seven-year legal challenge against regulations that required her to lower her natural testosterone levels. The new IOC policy replaces hormone monitoring with a permanent genetic screening approach.

The policy received political support from U.S. President Donald Trump, who wrote on Truth Social: “Congratulations to the International Olympic Committee on their decision to ban Men from Women’s Sports. This is only happening because of my powerful Executive Order, standing up for Women and Girls!”

Legal challenges are expected, with experts anticipating cases at the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne ahead of the LA28 Games.

The IOC said the policy will not apply retroactively and will not affect grassroots or recreational sports . For elite athletes, the SRY screening will be conducted through saliva, cheek swab, or blood tests and is described as “unintrusive.”

Coventry said athlete welfare will be considered in the process. “Every athlete must be treated with dignity and respect, and athletes will need to be screened only once in their lifetime,” she said, adding that education, counselling, and mental health support will be provided. Athletes who test SRY-positive will be eligible to compete in male, mixed, or “open” categories where available.

The policy includes an exception for individuals with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS). Athletes with CAIS may be eligible for the female category despite testing SRY-positive if they do not benefit from the performance effects of testosterone. This requires a clinical diagnosis confirming that their bodies do not respond to male sex hormones.

The IOC said that in most cases, the presence of the SRY gene is “highly accurate evidence” of male sex development and associated performance advantages, while noting that the CAIS exception applies where these biological factors do not translate into a competitive advantage.

For instance, Serbia is believed to have lost between 16% and 27.8% of its population during the war, placing it among the hardest-hit nations in proportional terms.

Meanwhile, Western European nations such as France lost around 4.3% to 4.4% of their populations.

These figures help explain why social and political life across Europe and beyond was permanently transformed: a generation of young men lost, entire communities disrupted, and the demographic shock rippling into post-war unrest and reconstruction.

For smaller states or those deeply entangled in fighting, the losses were especially devastating.

In today’s global context, the map also resonates with how we understand modern conflict and its ripple effects. As the world watches ongoing conflicts, whether in parts of Africa, Eurasia or the Middle East, the notion that war doesn’t just kill those who fight but also destabilises societies remains painfully relevant.

Furthermore, remembrance efforts continue to highlight the war’s legacy. In northern France, for example, dozens of remains of WWI soldiers are still being discovered each year, an enduring testament to how the conflict’s footprint remains in the landscape.

The remains of a World War I soldier unearthed during construction work in France were laid to rest on Wednesday, June 12, 2025. Serjeant Henry Ashton from Derbyshire, who lost his life at the age of 44 in 1917 during an operation near Lens, received a dignified burial more than a century after his passing.

"It has been a privilege to identify Sjt Ashton, and to be able to organise this burial service for him. When you consider the half a million men still missing from the First and Second World Wars, every one we can identify feels like an achievement," Alexia Clark, the UK's Ministry of Defence's War Detective, said.

Maenzanise first entered the fitness world in 2016 through aerobics and general conditioning, before being introduced to powerlifting in 2020. Just four months into her strength-training journey, she competed in her first national powerlifting event in Zimbabwe and took home gold, a moment she says transformed her self-belief.

" People , even my family and friends, didn't believe a woman could compete in this sport," she recalled. "The exercises require endurance, speed, and power. But my passion kept me going."

After claiming bronze in her maiden African Strongman competition and now securing the continent’s top female title, Maenzanise is setting her ambitions even higher.

"My focus is to be in the top ten in the world… I'm now believing I can also get the gold medal in the world,” she said.