According to the World Bank’s Women, Business and the Law index , these regions score highest on legal gender parity in family law. Countries such as Canada, France, Germany and Argentina provide equal legal standing for spouses in marriage, property rights and decision-making over children.

Reforms across Latin America over the past two decades have modernised civil codes, strengthening protections against forced marriage and expanding women’s rights in custody and divorce proceedings.

On the contrary, elements of male guardianship laws remain in place in parts of the Middle East and North Africa . Under guardianship frameworks, women may require permission from a male relative, such as a father or husband, to marry, travel or access certain services.

While countries like Saudi Arabia have introduced reforms easing travel and employment restrictions for women, advocacy groups, including Amnesty International, note that aspects of the guardianship system remain embedded in personal status laws.

In some countries, married women are still legally required to obey husbands or may face unequal divorce rights, according to research from UN Women and the OECD Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI).

The most severe category highlighted in global human rights reporting involves jurisdictions where forced marriage remains legally permitted or insufficiently criminalised.

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) estimates that child marriage continues to affect millions of girls worldwide, particularly in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Although many countries have raised the legal marriage age to 18, enforcement gaps remain.

In some countries, legal codes still designate the father as the primary decision-maker in matters concerning children, even where other aspects of family law have modernised.

The OECD SIGI 2023 report highlights that legal inequalities in parental authority continue to restrict women’s autonomy in certain jurisdictions, particularly regarding guardianship, nationality transfer and inheritance.

Over the past 30 years, significant legal reforms have expanded women’s rights in marriage across many regions. According to the World Bank , 190 economies have enacted more than 2,000 legal reforms advancing gender equality since 1970.

However, legal equality on paper does not always translate into equal practice. Cultural norms, enforcement gaps and parallel religious legal systems can limit the real-world impact of reforms.

The latest figures reflect a year shaped by commodity price swings, energy market shifts and renewed investor interest in African infrastructure and industrial projects.

Top 7 wealthiest Africans in 2026

Based on data from Bloomberg and Forbes, the leading fortunes are:

1. Aliko Dangote ( Nigeria ) — $32.7B

Founder of Dangote Group, Dangote’s wealth is anchored in cement, sugar, fertiliser and oil refining. The launch and scaling of the Dangote Refinery, one of the largest in the world, has significantly strengthened his valuation, according to Bloomberg tracking.

2. Johann Rupert and family ( South Africa ) — $18.9B

Chairman of luxury goods giant Richemont, Rupert’s fortune is closely tied to global demand for high-end brands such as Cartier and Montblanc, as reported by Forbes.

3. Nicky Oppenheimer (South Africa) — $14.0B

The former De Beers chairman retains substantial wealth through investments and private equity holdings following the family’s sale of its diamond stake to Anglo American.

4. Abdulsamad Rabiu (Nigeria) — $12.3B

Founder of BUA Group, Rabiu’s portfolio spans cement production, sugar refining, and real estate, sectors that have expanded across West Africa .

5. Naguib Sawiris (Egypt) — $11.2B

A telecom and investment magnate, Sawiris maintains significant holdings in global telecom ventures and construction.

6. Natie Kirsh (South Africa) — $10.5B

With major interests in wholesale and retail distribution, Kirsh’s fortune reflects long-term global trading operations.

7. Nassef Sawiris (Egypt) — $9.75B

The youngest of the Sawiris brothers, Nassef, holds stakes in construction giant Orascom Construction and sports investments, including a major shareholding in Adidas.

The Atlas, published by the European Parliamentary Forum for Sexual and Reproductive Rights (EPF), ranks countries based on legal status, availability of services, clinical guidelines and access to accurate information. The findings show a clear geographic divide, with Western and Northern Europe scoring significantly higher than parts of Central and Eastern Europe .

Countries such as France and Sweden rank among the highest performers, scoring above 85% in overall accessibility. France strengthened abortion protections in 2024 by becoming the first country in the world to explicitly enshrine the right to abortion in its constitution, a move widely reported by outlets including Reuters and BBC News.

Sweden has long maintained broad legal access, allowing abortion on request up to 18 weeks of pregnancy, according to the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare.

Countries including Germany, Spain and Ireland fall into mid-tier categories. Germany permits abortion within the first 12 weeks, following mandatory counselling, under its criminal code framework. Spain expanded abortion rights in 2023 by removing mandatory parental consent for 16- and 17-year-olds, according to reporting from The Guardian and official Spanish government releases.

Ireland legalised abortion in 2018 following a national referendum that repealed its constitutional ban. However, advocacy groups note that service availability remains uneven in rural areas.

The most restrictive environments are found in Poland and Malta, according to both the Abortion Atlas and independent human rights monitors.

Poland introduced near-total abortion restrictions in 2020 after a Constitutional Tribunal ruling removed foetal abnormality as a legal ground. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International have documented the impact of these restrictions on women’s health.

Malta remains the only EU member state with a near-total ban on abortion, though limited exceptions were introduced in 2023 to allow procedures where a woman’s life or health is at serious risk, according to the Maltese government and Euronews coverage.

Hungary and parts of the Balkans also face criticism over regulatory barriers, including mandatory waiting periods and additional procedural requirements.

His death was ruled a suicide, but it brought an abrupt end to criminal proceedings that many hoped would expose the full extent of his network.

His death ended the criminal case against him, but it did not end the questions. One of the most important areas of continued scrutiny has been his travel history.

Understanding where Epstein travelled, and who travelled with him, could be central to understanding how he operated for so long within elite circles.

The World in Maps has created a map that highlights countries visited by Epstein, including nations across North America, South America , Europe, Africa and parts of Asia.

The map is based largely on released flight logs from Epstein’s private aircraft and journalistic investigations.

The flight logs and the ‘Lolita Express’

Epstein owned and used several aircraft over the years, including a Boeing 727 that became widely known in media reports as the “Lolita Express” .

Flight manifests from that aircraft, along with other planes he controlled, have been entered into court records and reported on extensively by outlets including the Associated Press and The Guardian.

The logs show frequent travel between the United States, Mexico, Brazil, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Norway, Russia, Morocco and Senegal.

Influential figures named in released files

Over the years, court documents, depositions and flight logs have referenced several high-profile figures who had contact with Epstein. These include:

Although the logs provide valuable insight, they do not represent a complete record of his lifetime travel.