In many European languages, the name for Tuesday comes directly from Mars , the Roman god of war.

In Latin, the day was called “dies Martis,” meaning “day of Mars.” This Roman naming system spread widely across Europe and remains visible in Romance languages today.

For example:

In northern Europe, however, the story took a different turn.

Germanic cultures adopted the Roman calendar but replaced some Roman gods with their own deities in a process historians call interpretatio germanica.

Instead of Mars, they used Tyr (or Tiw), the Norse god of war and justice. The English word Tuesday comes from the Old English “Tiwesdæg,” meaning “Tiw’s day.”

Similar patterns appear across Germanic languages:

In parts of eastern Europe , the name for Tuesday has nothing to do with gods at all.

Several Slavic languages instead use a numerical system based on the order of the week.

For example:

Both words derive from an Old Church Slavonic root meaning “the second.” This reflects a different cultural tradition where weekdays were numbered rather than named after mythological figures.

These installations serve as logistical hubs, training grounds and command centres for American and allied forces, forming the backbone of NATO’s deterrence posture in the region.

U.S. military installations are located in several European countries, including Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, Poland, Romania, Greece, Portugal, Belgium, the Netherlands, Turkey, Norway, and Kosovo.

Germany hosts one of the largest concentrations of American military facilities in Europe. Among the most prominent is Ramstein Air Base, a major command centre for U.S. Air Forces in Europe and NATO Allied Air Command.

Ramstein plays a central role in coordinating air operations and logistics for missions across Europe, Africa and the Middle East . The base alone hosts more than 16,000 military personnel and civilian staff, making it one of the largest U.S. military communities outside the United States.

Other key hubs include:

U.S. European Command (EUCOM), headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany, oversees American forces across the region. Estimates suggest more than 65,000 active-duty U.S. troops are stationed within the EUCOM area, according to Department of Defence data cited by Newsweek.

These troops are supported by thousands of civilian employees, contractors and family members living near bases throughout Europe.

The network of bases is believed to allow the United States to maintain a rapid response capability and reassure NATO allies, particularly following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Forward-deployed forces help Washington project power, conduct joint exercises, and support allied operations, while also signalling the United States' commitment to European security.

Many bases date back to the early Cold War era but have since evolved into modern logistical and command centres integrated into NATO’s collective defence structure.

Despite their strategic role, the scale of the American presence has become a subject of debate in recent years.

Recent discussions about possible troop reductions in Eastern Europe have heightened concerns among NATO allies about maintaining deterrence near the alliance’s eastern flank.

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz bent down to take a closer look. The scene was rich in symbolism: more than 30 years ago, German experts came to China with blueprints and Siemens machine tools, teaching local factories how to achieve precision manufacturing. Today, the German chancellor has come in person, seeking a new support point for German industry at the intersection of artificial intelligence and humanoid robotics.

This shift in vantage point reflects a profound adjustment in Berlin’s China policy . If the defining theme of the Olaf Scholz era was the defensively framed notion of “de-risking,” then Merz’s first visit to China in the Year of the Horse signals that Germany is moving into a more pragmatic and bold phase - a phase of “re-calibration.”

Farewell to the “De-risking” Illusion

When the idea of “de-risking” first emerged, it was seen as a way for Europe to maintain a “middle ground” and save face amid the strategic rivalry between China and the United States. But as a new wave of tariffs rolls in with the “Trump 2.0” era, Berlin has come to realise that if it were to sever its ties with the world’s largest market, German industry would not truly “de-risk.” Instead, stripped of scale effects and innovation sources, it would face the risk of functional decline.

Merz’s itinerary in China - from Hangzhou to Beijing - is a concrete enactment of this “re-calibration.” “Calibration” here no longer means simply reducing dependence, but achieving a defensive form of symbiosis through “deep embedding.” His appearance at Siemens Energy’s plant in Hangzhou sent a clear signal: rather than pacing anxiously outside the walls, Germany would do better to become an indispensable technological node in China’s forthcoming “15th Five-Year Plan.”

Xi Jinping’s “Three Points” and Strategic Steadiness

At the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward “three points” to Merz, providing a Chinese frame of reference for this “re-calibration” of China–Germany relations.

Reliable partners : Against the backdrop of growing scepticism in Washington toward the multilateral trading system, Beijing has stressed “mutual support,” hoping Germany will continue to play the role of a stable “guardian of order.”

Innovation partners : This cuts right to Germany’s core position. Whether it is BMW integrating DeepSeek’s reasoning capabilities, or Siemens collaborating with Shanghai Electric to advance the green and digital transformation of power grids, China and Germany are trying to build a new industrial standard of “German precision plus Chinese algorithms.”

People-to-people partners: This is aimed at repairing the social and cognitive rifts widened by ideological narratives.

Embedded within these “three points” is a core logic: in a geopolitical landscape marked by overlapping turbulence, the stability of China–Germany ties is itself a strategic asset that can hedge against external uncertainties.

Joint Statement: Growing Up in Competition

The “China–Germany Joint News Statement” issued during the visit charted the course for this round of policy re-calibration.

First, the statement defines bilateral ties as an “all-around strategic partnership,” emphasising that their economic and trade relations should be long-term, balanced, reliable and sustainable. For Germany, this is a defensive framework designed to buffer the shocks of Trump-style unilateralism.

Second, the two sides explicitly wrote their respective concerns into the joint document, no longer sidestepping problems in the relationship. In other words, China–Germany ties are entering a more mature stage in which competition and cooperation co-exist: the goal is no longer to avoid friction, but to “manage competition” through institutionalised consultation mechanisms.

“German Hardware, Chinese Soul”

Merz did not just bring home an order for up to 120 Airbus planes. A deeper shift is unfolding at the technological foundations. BMW is leveraging Alibaba’s ecosystem and DeepSeek’s algorithms to redefine “driving pleasure,” while at Siemens Energy’s plant in Hangzhou, the German chancellor saw a complete local value chain that spans R&D, engineering design, manufacturing, testing and validation, project execution, and operations and maintenance.

China is no longer just an important market for German companies; it has become a pillar of their global supply chains, and of their innovation and manufacturing systems. Siemens Energy is working with Chinese partners to tap markets in the Middle East, Central Asia, the Asia-Pacific and Latin America . German firms once embraced the motto “In China, for China,” but a more accurate description today would be “In China, for the world.”

When Merz watched the humanoid robot in Hangzhou write that character “Fu,” the scrutinizing look in his eyes may well have captured Germany’s current state of mind: a mix of urgency about China’s technological surge, and anticipation for a new order of future cooperation.

Du Yubin is a reporter and chief editor at China Global Television Network (CGTN). He previously served two six-year postings in Washington D.C. and London, focusing on coverage of China–US and China–Europe relations, and has worked in international communication and digital media for over 15 years. The views expressed in this article are solely those of the author

The southern states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg emerge as corporate powerhouses.

In Bavaria, cities like Munich and Ingolstadt are anchors for automotive giants such as Audi and BMW. Just to the west in Stuttgart (Baden-Württemberg), the global headquarters of Mercedes-Benz Group and engineering group Porsche AG sit alongside high-tech suppliers like Bosch and automation specialist KUKA.

These firms are central to Germany’s reputation as the world’s leading exporter of vehicles and machinery, a status backed by federal data showing that automotive and mechanical engineering account for significant portions of national exports.

This region also houses SAP, Germany’s most valuable tech company and one of the largest enterprise software makers globally, headquartered in Walldorf.

Moving northwest, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) stands out for its industrial diversity.

City hubs such as Cologne, Düsseldorf and Essen host companies ranging from chemical and pharmaceutical firms to logistics players.

Corporations like Henkel (consumer goods), Deutsche Post DHL Group (logistics and shipping) and RWE (energy) anchor the region, which historically developed through coal and steel before evolving into a modern services and industrial base.

The Ruhr Valley, once Europe’s industrial heartland, continues to host major employers and head offices tied to manufacturing, chemicals and power generation, a reflection of how Germany has transitioned from heavy industry to high-tech and sustainability-focused sectors.

In the north, port cities like Hamburg and Bremen appear as hubs for shipping and trade. Hapag-Lloyd , one of the world’s largest container shipping companies, is headquartered in Hamburg, as are major logistics and trade firms. The North Sea ports are central to Germany’s external trade, handling cargo flows that connect Europe with Asia and North America.

Though historically industrial regions east of the old Berlin Wall lagged in corporate headquarters, the map shows new growth sectors.

Berlin, the capital, has become a centre for tech start-ups and digital media companies. While traditional industrial headquarters are fewer than in other regions, Berlin’s influence is rising through innovation and venture capital investment.

In eastern states like Saxony and Thuringia, specialised engineering and cleantech firms have headquarters there, mirroring national efforts to expand renewable energy and advanced manufacturing.

The Great War resulted in the collapse of longstanding empires such as the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires. Its aftermath paved the way for political upheaval and national grievances that would later fuel the Second World War.

World War II remains the deadliest conflict in human history. Estimates suggest tens of millions of people were killed, both soldiers and civilians, as the war spread across continents and fronts.

The only European countries that suffered defeat in both World War I and World War II were Germany, Hungary and Bulgaria.

Germany

Germany’s role in both wars was central and controversial. As a leading member of the Central Powers in World War I, the German Empire faced defeat in 1918. The Treaty of Versailles , which formally ended that war, imposed heavy penalties, territorial losses and reparations on Germany.

Two decades later, Germany under Adolf Hitler once again plunged Europe into conflict. The defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945 reshaped the nation completely, destroying much of its infrastructure, splitting it into occupation zones and ultimately leading to decades of division during the Cold War.

Hungary

Hungary’s story in the 20th century is inseparable from the Treaty of Trianon , signed after World War I. That peace treaty dramatically reduced Hungary’s territory and resources, provoking decades of political frustration and revisionist ambitions.

In World War II, Hungary aligned with the Axis powers, partly driven by hopes of territorial restoration. That alliance ended in defeat, occupation and further disruption to the nation’s political order.

Bulgaria

Bulgaria’s path was slightly different. Initially neutral at the start of World War II, it eventually joined the Axis powers , in part to reclaim lands lost in World War I and other regional disputes.

Even then, it was unable to change the course of the war. Following the Allied victory, Bulgaria faced political upheaval and Soviet influence in its post-war government.

Long before that, in World War I, Bulgaria capitulated after prolonged fighting and was among the first of the Central Powers to seek an armistice in 1918.

The above map illustrates how the defeated nation was carved up into four occupation zones controlled by the Allied powers: the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain and France. Each of these zones became the foundation for the later formation of separate German states, East and West Germany, marking the ideological divide between East and West.

After Nazi Germany’s unconditional surrender in May 1945 , the victorious Allied powers agreed to divide the country into four occupation sectors to administer postwar reconstruction and to prevent any resurgence of militarism. The division was formalised at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences in 1945.

Berlin, Germany’s capital, was similarly partitioned into four sectors despite lying entirely within the Soviet zone. This arrangement later made the city a flashpoint of Cold War tensions, culminating in the Berlin Blockade of 1948–49 and the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961.

From occupation to Cold War division

Initially, the Allied leaders agreed that Germany would be administered jointly, with shared responsibility for reconstruction and demilitarisation. However, growing distrust between the Soviet Union and the Western Allies soon deepened political divisions.

By 1949, these divisions had hardened into two separate German states. The western zones administered by the United States, United Kingdom and France merged to form the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), commonly known as West Germany. The Soviet zone became the German Democratic Republic (GDR), or East Germany, under communist rule.

The division was more than administrative; it symbolised the ideological struggle between communism and liberal democracy that dominated global politics throughout the Cold War.

Germany’s partition influenced European security, economics and diplomacy for decades. The Berlin Wall, erected in 1961, became the most powerful symbol of the Iron Curtain separating East and West. Its fall in 1989 paved the way for German reunification and marked a turning point in the end of the Cold War.

Even today, the legacy of occupation, from economic recovery efforts like the Marshall Plan to the cultural imprint of East and West, continues to shape Germany’s national identity.

In English and many other languages, Germany comes from the Latin Germania, a term used by the Roman Empire to describe the lands east of the Rhine inhabited by Germanic tribes. Roman writers such as Julius Caesar and Tacitus helped popularise the name, which later spread through Latin-based and international usage.

From Alemania : naming the neighbours

In Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Arabic, Germany is known as Alemania or similar variants. This name comes from the Alemanni, a powerful Germanic confederation that lived near what is now southwestern Germany and Switzerland. Because the Alemanni were the first Germanic group many Romance-language speakers encountered, their name became shorthand for the entire region.

From Sachsen : the Saxon legacy

In Finnish and Estonian, Germany is called Saksa, derived from the Saxons, another influential Germanic tribe. Saxon traders and settlers played a major role around the Baltic Sea during the Middle Ages, which explains why their name stuck in northern Europe. Linguists note that trade routes often mattered more than political borders when names spread.

From Deutsch and Niemcy : identity and language

In German itself, the country is Deutschland, from the Old High German word diutisc, meaning “of the people ”, a way to distinguish the local language from Latin.

Meanwhile, in many Slavic languages, Germany is called Niemcy, a term linked to an old Slavic word meaning “mute” or “unable to speak”, referring to people who did not speak Slavic languages. While the term sounds harsh today, historians explain that it reflected linguistic differences rather than insult.

The remaining posts affected by the decentralisation drive will move largely to Bonn, Germany.

Albares said the decision reflected “Spain’s commitment to development cooperation and multilateralism,” welcoming Madrid as the destination for about 100 UNDP jobs leaving New York. 

Why the relocation?

The UNDP said the relocation was part of an effort to adapt to an evolving financial and development landscape, strengthen partnerships and improve its ability to support vulnerable populations. 

Germany is already a major UNDP hub, with Bonn hosting the United Nations Volunteers programme. With the new transfers, the organisation’s footprint in the German city will exceed 400 positions. 

UNDP said it was “grateful to Germany and Spain for offering to host the organisation,” noting that the agreements would reinforce joint efforts “to eradicate poverty, reduce inequalities, protect the environment, and support crisis stabilisation and recovery.”

While New York will remain the UNDP’s global headquarters, only a small fraction of its workforce is based there. 

Fewer than 7% of staff work in the US city, according to the agency, which operates in about 170 countries and territories and employs roughly 22,000 people worldwide. More than 19,000 of them are already based in country offices and regional hubs.

The shift away from New York has been underway for months. At the start of 2026, UNDP also relocated 30 positions from the US to regional offices in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Arab States, Central Europe, and Asia and the Pacific, in a move aimed at placing staff closer to the communities they serve.

Is Trump building his own UN?

This UNDP exodus from New York comes as Trump establishes the so-called “Board of Peace,” a US-led initiative that some diplomats and analysts see as an attempt to sidestep the United Nations’ existing role in global conflict management.

According to the White House, the board will be central to implementing Trump’s 20-point plan to end the Gaza war, providing strategic oversight, mobilising international funding and ensuring accountability as the territory shifts from conflict to reconstruction. 

The initiative has triggered unease at the UN. 

La Neice Collins , spokesperson for the president of the UN General Assembly, stressed that global peace and security remain the UN’s exclusive mandate. 

“There is one universal multilateral organisation to deal with peace and security issues, and that is the United Nations,” she said.

The timing of the Board of Peace — alongside the relocation of hundreds of UN jobs out of New York — has sharpened questions about whether Washington is reshaping multilateral diplomacy around US-controlled structures, potentially eroding the authority of the UN system it once helped to build.

Germany tops by exporting vitamins worth US$646.4 million that accounts for 12.1% of total global exports. The country’s dominance reflects its strong pharmaceutical sector, advanced chemical manufacturing and reputation for regulated, high-quality health products.

The United States follows closely with US$553.9 million in vitamin exports, representing 10.4% of the global total. American exports are largely driven by multinational supplement brands, biotech firms and large-scale nutraceutical production tied to wellness and sports nutrition markets.

Together, Germany and the US control more than one-fifth of the global vitamin export market, underscoring the role of industrial capacity, research investment and regulatory trust in shaping trade flows.

Hong Kong ranks third with US$364.1 million in vitamin exports, accounting for 6.8% of the total. Its position reflects its role as a regional trading and re-export hub rather than a primary manufacturing base, linking Chinese producers with global markets.

India, at US$298.1 million (5.6%), highlights Asia’s growing role in pharmaceutical ingredients and generic health products. India’s cost-efficient manufacturing and expanding export footprint have made it a key supplier of vitamins and supplements to both developed and emerging markets.

Several European countries with strong logistics and pharmaceutical infrastructure also feature prominently. The Netherlands exported US$268.9 million worth of vitamins, while the United Kingdom followed with US$260.3 million. Belgium and France also appear in the top ten, reflecting the importance of EU-based production clusters and access to global shipping networks.

Outside Europe, Australia exported US$246.8 million, benefiting from demand for “clean-label” and health-focused products, while Canada, at US$176.3 million, rounds out the list.

The latest data from World’s Top Exports shows a clear picture of which nations dominate this highly specialised industry, and why demand continues to grow.

According to the 2024 rankings, Germany, France, and the United States remain the world’s top helicopter exporters, together controlling nearly 49% of global export value. The data includes both large military helicopters and smaller civilian models.

Top 10 helicopter exporting countries in 2024

These figures highlight how concentrated the global helicopter market is, with European and North American manufacturers leading in engineering, technology, and international partnerships.

According to data from World ’s Top Exports, demand for both military and civilian helicopters has been steadily increasing as countries rethink how they respond to conflict, disasters, and modernisation needs.

One major driver is the surge in defence spending across Europe, Asia, and Africa. With geopolitical tensions, from the Russia–Ukraine war to instability in the Sahel, many nations are strengthening their aviation capabilities as helicopters remain essential assets for transport, surveillance, emergency missions, and rapid deployment.

At the same time, climate-related disasters are pushing governments to invest in more versatile aircraft. Helicopters play critical roles in wildfire response, flood rescues, medical evacuations, and humanitarian operations. As extreme weather events become more frequent, countries are building air-response fleets that can react quickly and reach areas inaccessible by road.

Modernisation is another key factor. Many nations are replacing ageing, Cold-War-era aircraft with newer models that offer better safety, efficiency, and lower maintenance costs. This shift has strongly benefited leading exporters such as Germany, France, and Canada, whose aviation industries are known for reliability and long-term value.

Intense clashes broke out between the Syrian army and Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in Deir Ezzor, marking one of the most significant flare-ups in recent months. Both sides exchanged fire using light and medium weapons following alleged infiltration attempts by SDF units. The fighting underscores persistent friction between government forces and Kurdish-led groups in the oil-rich eastern region.

Syrian security dismantles Latakia cells linked to Assad associates

The Syrian Interior Ministry announced that it dismantled several cells in Latakia purportedly tied to associates of the former Assad regime. Authorities allege that these groups were engaged in destabilising activities aimed at undermining national security . The crackdown suggests that internal challenges from loyalist remnants continue to test the authority of the country’s new leadership.

Arab and Gulf nations cautiously engage with Syria’s new leadership

Arab and Gulf nations are showing cautious openness toward President Ahmad al-Sharaa’s administration after years of diplomatic estrangement. This measured re-engagement signals a potential thaw in regional relations, with nations like Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar exploring avenues for political and economic cooperation while maintaining careful distance amid lingering concerns about Syria’s stability and governance.

Syria accelerates destruction of Assad-era chemical weapons

In a move symbolising a break from its controversial past, Syria announced plans to fast-track the destruction of chemical weapons remnants dating back to the Assad era. The initiative, overseen by the current government, is intended to rebuild international trust and demonstrate a commitment to compliance with global disarmament norms. Analysts view this as both a domestic reform step and a diplomatic signal to Western powers.

Germany seeks deportation deal with Syria amid refugee policy shifts

Germany is negotiating a deportation agreement with Damascus to return Syrian refugees lacking valid residence permits. Meanwhile, the Syrian government has offered free flights home for returnees under specific conditions. The proposal has drawn concern from human rights groups, who warn of potential violations and the risks facing those sent back to unstable regions.

An infographic produced by The World in Maps shows 12 countries supporting this so-called “Chat Control,” 6 undecided, and 9 opposed. The proposal, officially known as the Child Sexual Abuse Regulation (CSAR), has ignited battles over privacy, encryption, and the limits of state surveillance.

At its core, Chat Control would mandate client-side scanning: message content, images, videos, and URLs would be scanned before encryption, effectively requiring platforms to break or bypass end-to-end encryption.

Critics say this introduces systemic risks to security and digital privacy; supporters argue it's essential to safeguarding children online. The map’s colour coding makes the geography of support and opposition starkly visible.

Supporters, including some EU governments and child protection organisations, argue that technology companies have a moral duty to help identify and report illegal content. But privacy advocates, civil society groups, and major tech companies warn that such laws could create backdoors that cybercriminals or authoritarian actors could exploit.

Signal’s vice president, Udbhav Tiwari, has said , “Malicious actors will start using this capability to gain access that would simply be unthinkable for them under the current security paradigms of how operating systems have been implemented.”

Europe’s political standoff

The proposal has triggered intense political disagreement. Germany, a key EU member with significant voting influence, recently reaffirmed its firm opposition to Chat Control, calling the measure unconstitutional and incompatible with privacy laws.

According to Computer Weekly, Germany’s opposition forced the postponement of the EU Council vote, which requires a qualified majority to move forward. Without Berlin’s support — and with several other states wavering — the proposal is now in political limbo.

Meanwhile, other countries such as Belgium, Italy, and Sweden have also expressed hesitation, signalling a shift away from earlier support as public backlash intensifies. The growing resistance highlights how fractured the EU has become in balancing child protection with fundamental privacy rights.

It’s a simple yet powerful visualisation that reframes how we think about influence, identity, and demography in a region where population trends are becoming as geopolitically significant as politics itself.

This demographic approach exposes a fascinating balance: while France, Italy, and the United Kingdom each form roughly one “population bloc” of about 80 million, a cluster of Central and Eastern European nations must combine to reach a similar total.

Europe’s demographic puzzle

Europe’s total population stands at about 744 million , according to Worldometer . But beneath that large number lies a stark reality: the continent’s population is ageing and shrinking in many regions.

Data from Eurostat shows that the EU’s natural population change — the difference between births and deaths — is now negative. In 2024, deaths outnumbered births across most EU countries, with migration becoming the only reason the population continues to grow.

In its Demography of Europe 2025 report , Eurostat revealed that the share of people aged 80 and over has risen from 3.8% in 2004 to 6.1% in 2024, and the median age across the bloc has climbed to nearly 45 years. The implications are profound — shrinking workforces, heavier social welfare burdens, and economic slowdowns that threaten long-term stability.

Migration as the balancing act

With declining fertility rates and an ageing population, migration has become Europe’s demographic lifeline. According to Reuters , the EU reached a record population of 450.4 million in 2024, but only because of net migration gains of about 2.3 million, offsetting a natural loss of 1.3 million.

Without immigration, Europe’s population would already be in steady decline.

This reality has made migration both a necessity and a political flashpoint. Countries like Germany, France, and Spain depend on migrant labour to sustain their economies, while Eastern and Southern European nations are grappling with emigration, the steady outflow of young workers seeking better opportunities abroad.

The most recent data from Eurostat (2024) reveals stark disparities. Türkiye and Bulgaria top the list, with 30% of their populations facing poverty or social exclusion, followed closely by Romania (28%), Greece (27%), and Lithuania (26%).

Even major economies such as Spain, Italy, and Germany register notable risk levels, underscoring that wealth alone doesn’t guarantee inclusion.

This disparity reflects deep-rooted economic and social divides. Countries in southern and eastern Europe still face weaker labour markets, lower wages, and limited social protection systems. In Greece and Romania, years of fiscal austerity and underinvestment have left enduring scars.

Meanwhile, nations like Germany and France, though more prosperous, grapple with their own inequality challenges, especially among younger and migrant populations.

Eurostat data shows that young adults aged 18–24 are most vulnerable, with 26% at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Unemployment is a major factor, as more than two-thirds (66%) of unemployed adults in the EU face this risk. The gender gap persists, too, with 21.9% of women at risk, compared to 20.0% of men.

Migration adds another layer to this challenge. Nearly 45.5% of non-EU citizens living within the EU face the risk of poverty or exclusion, compared with 18.9% of nationals. This highlights how integration barriers, limited access to decent jobs, and language gaps deepen inequality.

Europe’s poverty challenge mirrors broader global economic tensions. The World Bank recently revised its International Poverty Line upward from $2.15 to $3.00 per day, instantly adding around 125 million people worldwide to the ranks of the poor.

While global poverty is slowly returning to pre-pandemic levels, many developing nations remain trapped by inflation , debt, and unstable food prices.

The day marked not only a pivotal moment in German history but also a turning point for Europe and the post–Cold War world.

The fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, had set the stage for this transformation. What began as spontaneous protests and border openings soon became a continental wave of change that swept away the communist regimes of Eastern Europe.

Through months of intense diplomacy, the path to unity was forged. The East German parliament voted to accede to the Federal Republic of Germany under Article 23 of the West German Basic Law .

In contrast, the “Two Plus Four Treaty” signed on September 12, 1990, by both German states and the four Allied powers, France, the United Kingdom, the United States , and the Soviet Union, restored Germany’s full sovereignty.

At midnight on October 3, 1990, the German Democratic Republic officially ceased to exist. Five eastern states, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia, joined the Federal Republic.

Berlin was reunified as the capital. From that moment forward, Germany was one nation again, and October 3 became Tag der Deutschen Einheit, the Day of German Unity.

In the 35 years since reunification, Germany has emerged as Europe’s strongest economy and a cornerstone of democracy. But the process of knitting together two very different societies has not been without struggle. Economic disparities between the former East and West persist.

Former industrial heartlands in the East still lag behind their western counterparts in wages, infrastructure, and employment. Towns like Eisenhüttenstadt, once proud symbols of socialist urban planning, have lost much of their population and are now experimenting with creative revitalisation programs such as offering rent-free “trial living” to attract newcomers.

Even Germany’s geography still bears the imprint of division. Although Berlin is the nation’s capital, six federal ministries remain headquartered in Bonn, a vestige of compromise codified in the Berlin–Bonn Act of 1994.

This year’s commemorations in Saarbrücken, the host city for the 2025 Unity Day celebrations, underscore Germany’s ongoing leadership role in European cooperation. French President Emmanuel Macron is expected to attend , emphasising the Franco–German partnership that remains the foundation of the European Union.

By absolute size, Germany hosts the EU’s largest foreign-born population (15.8 million), followed by France (10.1 million), the UK (9.6 million) and Italy (6 million).

These totals are Eurostat’s harmonised “foreign-born” stocks, which count usual residents by country of birth rather than citizenship. Outside the EU aggregates, the United Kingdom also remains one of Europe ’s top destinations.

Smaller states, however, have the highest shares of foreign-born residents, with Luxembourg and Malta perennial outliers. Northern and Alpine countries such as Sweden and Austria also sit near the top by share, reflecting long-standing labour routes and humanitarian inflows.

Eurostat’s tables further put Ukrainian, Turkish and Moroccan citizens among the largest groups of non-EU nationals living in the EU, while Romanian and Polish citizens dominate intra-EU mobility as another reminder that Europe’s migration story spans both neighbours and member states.

Tying this information to market trends, Europe’s working-age population is flat to shrinking, yet demand for skills tied to the green and digital transitions is rising.

Migration eases those bottlenecks at the margin, helping explain why euro-area unemployment remains close to historic lows (around 6.2% this summer).

At the same time, the latest inflation prints in major euro-area economies, including Germany, ticked higher in September, complicating the ECB’s next steps after rate cuts earlier in the year.

According to the Country Similarity Index , a data-driven ranking that compares nations across five major dimensions, the United States’ closest cultural cousin is its neighbour to the north, Canada, with a striking similarity score of 79.2.

Trailing behind Canada are fellow English-speaking democracies Australia (71.8), New Zealand (70.5), and Great Britain (69.7), with Puerto Rico tying Britain at 69.7, which is unsurprising given its political connection to the U.S.

Ireland (67.3) rounds out the top five before the ranking widens to include European partners like Germany, France, Norway, and Switzerland. These nations share much of the United States’ institutional, infrastructural, and political framework, even if geography and some cultural elements diverge.

Canada and the U.S. not only share the longest undefended border in the world, but their economies are closely integrated under the USMCA trade agreement, their media and entertainment industries cross-pollinate, and both societies are shaped by waves of immigration and shared democratic norms.

The inclusion of Australia and New Zealand reflects a similar pattern, countries built on British colonial legal systems, English language dominance, and comparable political models. Even across the Atlantic, Germany, France, Norway, and Switzerland land on the list thanks to their high standard of living , advanced infrastructure, and liberal democratic traditions, making them natural partners for Washington on global issues.

This cultural and institutional proximity carries weight in today’s geopolitical climate. It explains why the U.S. often finds it easier to coordinate policy and form coalitions with these nations, whether in trade negotiations, climate summits, or military alliances.

Canada and the U.S., for example, are currently negotiating joint energy and security frameworks, while Australia and New Zealand are playing central roles in the U.S.’s Indo-Pacific strategy.

Across the Atlantic, Germany and France continue to collaborate with Washington on everything from NATO’s security posture to AI governance frameworks, even amid occasional tensions over industrial policy.

The United States leads the list with imports worth $3.82 trillion, followed by China at $2.79 trillion. Germany takes third with $1.57 trillion, while the United Kingdom and India follow at $975 billion and $892 billion, respectively. France imports $830 billion, Japan $784 billion, Italy $743 billion, Canada $719 billion, and the Netherlands rounds out the top ten with $713 billion.

These numbers tell the story of how economies interact. The U.S., for example, drives global demand through consumer spending, while China’s imports are increasingly tied to industrial inputs for its vast manufacturing sector.

Germany and the Netherlands act as European trade hubs, importing raw materials and components that feed into exports. For India, rising imports reflect its fast-growing economy and hunger for energy and technology.

But this surge in imports comes at a sensitive time for the global economy. The IMF’s July 2025 outlook projects global growth at 3.0%, citing a modest recovery from supply-chain disruptions but warning that trade tensions and protectionism remain significant risks.

The World Bank has also warned that escalating trade wars could weigh on two-thirds of developing economies, eroding growth prospects.

Markets are already feeling the ripple effects. Investor optimism in the U.S. has surged following a recent Federal Reserve rate cut of 25 basis points, driving capital back into equities and boosting risk appetite worldwide.

At the same time, researchers warn that prolonged tariff regimes could gradually weaken the dollar’s dominance as the global reserve currency — a shift that would fundamentally reshape trade dynamics.

These businesses have weathered wars, plagues, economic collapses, and technological revolutions, yet remain relevant. Here’s a closer look at five of the oldest continually running companies in the world, verified by World Atlas .

5. The Royal Mint – United Kingdom (Founded 886)

Founded in 886 AD during the reign of Alfred the Great, the Royal Mint has been the official producer of the United Kingdom’s coinage for over 1,100 years. Originally located in the Tower of London, it now operates from a high-security facility in Llantrisant, Wales.

Today, The Royal Mint does more than just strike coins. It also mints commemorative collectables, produces bullion for investors, and even offers gold-backed savings products. Its ability to pivot from purely functional coinage production to luxury products has kept it relevant in an age where cash usage is steadily declining.

4. Tanaka-Iga – Japan (Founded 885)

Tanaka-Iga is a family-run business that has been producing Butsudan, Buddhist household altars, since 885 AD. These ornate wooden altars are a central feature in many Japanese homes, serving as places for prayer and remembrance of ancestors.

Over its nearly 1,200 years of existence, Tanaka-Iga has remained loyal to its craft while embracing modern tools to keep up with demand. It is now regarded not only as a company but as a guardian of traditional Japanese artistry and spirituality.

3. Staffelter Hof – Germany (Founded 862)

Located in the Mosel Valley, Staffelter Hof is among the world’s oldest wineries, with a history dating back to 862 AD when it was originally a monastic vineyard. Today, it is still producing acclaimed Riesling wines and has embraced organic and sustainable viticulture to adapt to changing climate conditions.

The estate has transformed into a wine tourism destination, offering tastings, stays, and tours that connect modern visitors with over a millennium of winemaking tradition. Its longevity shows how heritage brands can use their story to attract a global audience.

2. St. Peter Stiftskulinarium – Austria (Founded 803)

Founded in 803 AD, this legendary restaurant is located inside St. Peter’s Abbey in Salzburg. Often called Europe’s oldest restaurant, St. Peter Stiftskulinarium has served royalty, musicians, and travellers for over 1,200 years, including (according to lore) Charlemagne himself.

Today, it’s more than just a restaurant as it serves a dining experience that blends history, architecture, and Austrian culinary tradition. Guests can enjoy candlelit dinners in baroque halls, making it one of the most atmospheric dining venues in the world. (St. Peter Stiftskulinarium)

1. Genda Shigyō – Japan (Founded 771)

Founded in 771 AD, Kyoto’s Genda Shigyō specialises in ceremonial paper products used in religious festivals and rites. Its products are essential for events such as weddings, tea ceremonies, and Shinto rituals.

What makes Genda Shigyō unique is its commitment to traditional papermaking techniques, some of which date back over 1,200 years. The company has also adapted by offering educational workshops and preserving papermaking knowledge for future generations, making it a cultural as well as a commercial institution.

Within just a few short years, all three vanished from the map, reshaping the heart of Europe and leaving Poland with an entirely new set of neighbours.

East Germany was absorbed into a reunified Germany in 1990. Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993.

The Soviet Union, once a superpower stretching across eleven time zones, dissolved in 1991 into fifteen independent states, among them Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania, all of which now share a border with Poland.

This dramatic transformation wasn’t just a cartographic curiosity. It marked the collapse of the Iron Curtain and the end of the Cold War order. Borders that had been set in stone for decades were redrawn almost overnight.

Treaties such as the 1990 German-Polish Border Treaty formally recognised the Oder-Neisse line, cementing Poland’s western frontier. New governments emerged, economies transitioned from communism to capitalism, and societies grappled with fresh identities in a new Europe.

The effects of those changes are still being felt. Poland, once part of the Soviet sphere, is now a central player in NATO and the European Union , standing on the front line of Western support for Ukraine as Russia’s war continues to rage.

The very borders that were redefined in the early 1990s have become some of the most strategically important in today’s global security landscape.

What this map highlights is simple but profound: borders are not permanent. They reflect power, politics, and people — and when those forces shift, the map changes with them. Poland’s neighbours before 1990 are gone, replaced by a new geopolitical reality that continues to shape the world today.

Germany, Italy, and emerging players like China and Denmark are all gaining ground, reflecting sweeping changes in manufacturing, global supply chains, and trade policies .

According to World’s Top Exports , industrial robot exports in 2024 involved a global value of about US$6 billion, with the top five exporters (Japan, Germany, China, Italy, and Denmark) accounting for over 54.8% of the total.

Japan led the list with 21.4%, followed by Germany (10.7%), China (9.6%), and Italy & Denmark each with 6.5%. Back in 2016, however, Japan’s dominance was stronger (36%), with Germany at 14.2% and China further down (3.4%), among others.

China’s rise is particularly striking. Recent data show that China’s industrial robot exports jumped by more than 60% in the first half of 2025, driven by production shifts to Vietnam, Mexico, and other parts of Southeast Asia that once might have remained within China’s borders.

Despite this growth, market concentration remains high, with Japan, Germany, China, Italy, and Denmark still accounting for over half of global export value.

Meanwhile, the declining share of traditional leaders such as Japan and Germany points to a reshaping of where and how robots are made. Competition, cost pressures, regional trade policies, labour costs, and the accelerating pace of automation are rewriting the global map of production.

Several forces are driving these changes. Companies are reconfiguring supply chains, shifting manufacturing closer to demand or to lower-cost regions, which has boosted China’s exports to its neighbours. Trade policies and tariffs are also pushing exporters to diversify their markets, as global tensions over technology transfer and industrial policy grow.

At the same time, demand for automation is booming, particularly in Asia. According to Our World in Data and the International Federation of Robotics, the region accounted for roughly 70% of new industrial robot installations in 2023, far surpassing Europe and the Americas.

Countries that once relied almost entirely on imports are increasingly producing their own robotics hardware or sourcing from nearby exporters to cut costs and shorten shipping times.

With a nominal GDP of about $4.66 trillion , according to the World Bank and Trading Economics , Germany continues to dominate the European economic landscape despite recent headwinds.

The comparison is striking as it reveals that nations such as Poland, Czechia, Romania, Finland, and the entire Baltic region collectively generate roughly the same economic output as Germany alone, according to IMF data highlighted by Visual Capitalist .

This visualisation underlines not just Germany’s weight in Europe, but also how dependent the continent’s economic health is on a single country’s performance.

Yet, Germany’s size does not shield it from challenges. The economy actually contracted slightly in 2024, shrinking by 0.2% , as reported by the OECD . Growth forecasts for 2025 remain tepid, with energy costs, supply chain disruptions, and weak global demand weighing heavily.

The European Commission has noted that while inflation has eased, high costs and sluggish investment continue to pressure German industry.

This matters far beyond Germany’s borders. As the world’s third-largest exporter, Germany’s manufacturing-heavy economy is deeply tied to global trade flows.

Recent warnings from Germany’s IAB Institute suggest that a full-scale trade war, such as a 25% tariff scenario, could cut German GDP by more than 1% and erase tens of thousands of jobs. Such a downturn would inevitably ripple through European supply chains and financial markets.

The broader Eurozone has also felt the drag. Growth in the second quarter of 2025 was nearly flat at just 0.1%, with Germany and Italy both posting slight contractions.

Meanwhile, several Central and Eastern European economies, including Poland and Romania, are projected to outperform the Eurozone average in 2025, hinting at a gradual shift in the region’s growth dynamics.

Germany’s scale ensures that when it slows, the rest of Europe feels the tremors. Whether 2025 marks a turning point toward recovery or deeper stagnation will depend on how Berlin addresses structural issues like energy dependence, labour shortages, and sluggish investment.

This striking figure, published by World Visualized and confirmed by data from, highlights a widening gap between regions where power is cheap and those where households face mounting energy bills.

The disparity is dramatic. Countries such as Egypt , Oman, Laos, and Kuwait pay just a fraction of what European households do, with rates as low as USD 0.024 per kWh.

Meanwhile, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Ireland, and the UK routinely exceed USD 0.40 per kWh. In other words, a European family may be paying more than ten times as much for the same amount of power as a household in parts of Asia or Africa.

The reasons for these steep prices are complex and interconnected. European electricity generation still relies heavily on natural gas, leaving prices vulnerable to global fuel markets.

When gas prices climb , as they did in 2024 and 2025, so do wholesale power costs. Compounding this, the European Union’s Emissions Trading System adds a carbon price to fossil-fuel power generation, which directly flows into consumer bills.

Weather patterns have also played a role. Lower-than-expected wind output in northern Europe and reduced hydropower generation in southern regions have forced a return to fossil-fuel-based generation, pushing costs even higher.

Grid bottlenecks across the continent add another layer of expense, limiting the ability to move cheaper renewable power to where it’s needed most. The European Commission recently launched its “Energy Highways” initiative, targeting eight major grid constraints to improve interconnectivity, lower prices, and enhance energy security.

For households, these trends translate into steadily climbing energy bills and a growing risk of energy poverty. Reports from several EU countries show more families falling behind on payments, especially after the summer heatwaves that drove cooling demand to record levels. For businesses, especially in energy-intensive sectors, high electricity costs threaten competitiveness and may encourage production shifts to cheaper jurisdictions.

Globally, the picture is mixed. While much of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East continue to enjoy very low residential electricity prices, their grids face challenges of reliability and capacity.

The assault began with naval bombardments near Gdańsk and rapid advances from East Prussia, Silesia, and Slovakia. Despite determined resistance and even a counterattack near the Bzura River, Poland’s army could not withstand the modernised German war machine.

Within days, Warsaw and other major cities were under siege, while Britain and France, honouring alliances, declared war on Germany on September 3. Their declarations marked the formal start of the global conflict , though direct aid to Poland never materialised quickly enough to change the outcome.

The country’s fate was sealed just over two weeks later. On September 17, 1939, the Soviet Union invaded eastern Poland, moving in under the terms of the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, a non-aggression treaty between Stalin and Hitler that included plans to partition Poland.

Soviet troops advanced rapidly and largely unopposed, occupying around 200,000 square kilometres and bringing more than 13 million people under their control.

By early October, Poland was carved up and effectively erased from the map, divided between Nazi Germany and the USSR.

Under Soviet rule, repression was severe: more than 22,000 Polish officers and intellectuals were executed in the Katyn Massacre, hundreds of thousands were deported to Siberia, and widespread arrests and killings devastated the population.

Meanwhile, Germany carried out its own systematic campaign of terror and looting, destroying cultural institutions and stripping the country of heritage treasures.

The brief cooperation between Berlin and Moscow was chillingly symbolised in a joint military parade at Brest-Litovsk on September 22, where German and Soviet troops celebrated the destruction of Poland.

Although the alliance between Hitler and Stalin would collapse less than two years later, their combined assault in 1939 marked the violent opening chapter of a war that would engulf the world.

A bar chart from World Visualized overlays contributions from Germany (US$23.4 billion), the UK (US$20.5 billion), Japan (US$15 billion), Canada (US$13.1 billion), Denmark (US$11.1 billion), the Netherlands (US$9.9 billion), Sweden (US$8.4 billion) and France (US$8.4 billion).

These numbers come from the Ukraine Support Tracker (UST) maintained by the Kiel Institute for the World Economy , which aggregates military, financial and humanitarian pledges by governments since Russia’s full‑scale invasion.

According to the tracker’s data summarised by Al Jazeera , Ukraine had received more than €309 billion (about US$360 billion) in aid as of June 30 2025. This total comprises €149.26 billion in military assistance, €139.34 billion in financial aid, and €21.04 billion in humanitarian support.

The United States remains the single largest donor nation, committing €114.64 billion (roughly US$134 billion) to Ukraine by June 30 2025. Its support includes €64.6 billion in weapons and equipment, €46.6 billion in financial grants and loans, and €3.4 billion in humanitarian assistance.

The European Union (EU), meaning the European Commission and Council rather than the member states individually, is the second‑largest contributor, with €63.19 billion (US$74 billion) in aid. Among individual countries, Germany ranks third, committing around €21.29 billion (US$25 billion), followed by the United Kingdom with €18.6 billion (US$21 billion) and Japan with €13.57 billion (US$15 billion).

When all European countries are considered together, they have allocated €167.4 billion (US$195 billion)—a larger sum than the United States’ €114.6 billion allocation. Europe has also pledged €257.4 billion (US$300 billion) in total commitments compared with the US’s €119 billion.

The Kiel Institute’s Ukraine Support Tracker has monitored aid to Kyiv from January 24 2022, onward. It covers 41 donor countries, including EU member states, the G7 and other partners, and includes government‑to‑government transfers but excludes private donations and international‑organisation funds. The dataset is updated quarterly and is widely cited by journalists and policymakers.

Rising star Cole Palmer scored two goals, while João Pedro added a third, sealing Chelsea’s dominance and their place in international club football history.

While Chelsea's victory adds a new chapter to England’s growing legacy in the tournament, numerous nations have carved their names into Club World Cup history, with clubs from Spain, Brazil, Germany, and Italy among the most frequent champions over the years.

Spain holds the record for the most FIFA Club World Cup titles , boasting eight championships, all won by Spanish La Liga giants: Real Madrid (5 titles) and FC Barcelona (3 titles).

Real Madrid’s victories came in 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2023, making them the most decorated club in the tournament’s history.

England ranks second with five titles, shared between Manchester United (2008), Liverpool (2019), and Chelsea (2021). Manchester City added the fifth title in 2023, marking a recent rise in the country’s club football prestige on the global stage.

Brazil, the only South American country represented in the winners' list, holds four titles, courtesy of legendary clubs such as Corinthians (2000, 2012), São Paulo (2005), and Internacional (2006). Their early dominance marked the beginning of the competition before Europe’s rise.

Germany and Italy each have two titles. Germany's wins came from Bayern Munich (2013, 2020). Italy’s victories were delivered by AC Milan (2007) and Inter Milan (2010).

The FIFA Club World Cup, inaugurated in 2000, brings together the champions of each continent’s top club competitions, including UEFA’s Champions League and CONMEBOL’s Copa Libertadores.

He appealed for this during a visit with German Minister of Interior, Alexander Dobrindt, to the site of an Iranian missile strike in Bat Yam, on the outskirts of Tel Aviv.

Saar emphasised that such actions constitute clear violations of international law, stating, "We see here the results of the barbaric Iranian regime's strategy to hit, shamelessly and deliberately, civilian population centres with ballistic missiles. This is clearly a war crime ."

He further highlighted that Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, had openly acknowledged targeting civilian areas.

The Foreign Minister also raised concerns about Iran's nuclear ambitions, noting the country's recent decision to halt cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

"We see Iran's decision to stop the oversight, the inspection of the IAEA on its nuclear programme. They continue to deceive, they continue to mock the international community," urging global powers to take necessary steps to address the threat posed by Iran's nuclear programme.

The recent conflict, marked by a 12-day war between Israel and Iran, saw significant casualties on both sides. Iran reported over 600 civilian deaths, while Israel suffered 28 fatalities. The hostilities culminated in a ceasefire mediated by the United States, with President Donald Trump announcing forthcoming talks between U.S. and Iranian officials.

Despite the ceasefire, tensions remain high. Iran's parliament has approved a bill to suspend all cooperation with the IAEA , effectively halting inspections and oversight of its nuclear facilities. This move has drawn international criticism, with IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi warning that Iran could potentially resume uranium enrichment within months.

Top 5 countries by monthly trade surplus (May 2025)

With its monthly surplus nearly six times larger than Germany's, China continues to set the pace in global trade, bolstered by its vast manufacturing base, global demand for tech and consumer goods, and strategic control over critical supply chains.

As defined by Trading Economics, a trade surplus occurs when a nation’s exports exceed its imports, creating a net inflow of foreign currency. This surplus is seen as a sign of competitive strength, often contributing to currency stability, national savings, and investment capacity.

China's $103.22 billion surplus in May reflects surging demand for its electronics, machinery, EVs, and solar components.

Germany's $17.8 billion surplus continues its tradition as Europe's industrial powerhouse, thanks to high-value exports like cars, pharmaceuticals, and industrial equipment.

Meanwhile, Indonesia , Russia, and Malaysia round out the top five, reflecting their roles in energy, palm oil, and raw materials supply. Their surpluses, while smaller, are significant for their respective economies and currency reserves.

President Vladimir Putin presided over the Victory Day celebrations, which included a procession of tanks, missiles, and troops. The ceremony was attended by more than two dozen world leaders, among them Chinese President Xi Jinping, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, and Burkina Faso’s junta leader Ibrahim Traore.

Victory Day is Russia’s most prominent secular holiday, commemorating the Soviet Union’s role in the Allied victory in 1945. This year’s celebration was the largest since Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine and marked the highest level of international representation in Moscow in the past decade.

According to the Armenian National Institute , more than 30 nations, primarily in Europe and the Americas, have passed resolutions through either national or regional parliaments acknowledging the 1915 mass killings of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire (Turkish Empire) as genocide.

Widespread recognition across the West

Countries including France, Germany, Italy, Canada, Russia, and much of South America—from Argentina to Chile—have adopted national-level declarations. These recognitions reflect not only a historical judgment but also a contemporary call for human rights, justice, and remembrance. In the United States , recognition was formalised in 2019 through congressional resolutions after decades of advocacy from Armenian diaspora communities.

Regional support and symbolic actions

The map also highlights areas where regional parliaments, such as those in Australia , parts of Spain, and Switzerland, have adopted similar positions, often ahead of their national governments. These subnational recognitions carry moral and educational significance, amplifying awareness at the grassroots and local legislative levels.

Why recognition matters

Labelling the 1915 atrocities as genocide is not merely a symbolic act. It serves as a bulwark against denialism, sets legal and moral precedents, and contributes to international norms on genocide prevention. Scholars estimate that between 1 million and 1.5 million Armenians were systematically exterminated. Turkey, the successor state to the Ottoman Empire, continues to reject the genocide label, framing the deaths as part of broader wartime casualties.

A divided world

Despite increasing recognition, several countries in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East remain absent from the list, often citing geopolitical alliances with Turkey or fears of disrupting regional stability. In the Middle East, where historical tensions remain sensitive, diplomatic caution often overrides humanitarian acknowledgement.

According to analysis by Reuters and Political Pulse, Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto tops the chart with an overwhelming 81% approval rating. Sworn in just months ago, Subianto has benefited from a post-election honeymoon period, strengthened by promises of continuity and decisive leadership following Joko Widodo’s tenure. Analysts note that his early efforts to strengthen domestic food security and military modernisation have played well with the Indonesian electorate.

In second place, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi enjoys a robust 75% approval, evidence of his continued popularity as India approaches another general election cycle. Modi's approval is supported by recent economic resilience, expanding digital infrastructure, and a strong nationalist narrative that resonates with his base. His leadership of the Global South and diplomatic assertiveness on the world stage have also solidified his domestic image.

A surprise entrant in the third spot is Claudia Sheinbaum of Mexico , with a 66% approval rating. As Mexico's first female president-elect, Sheinbaum's popularity is fueled by her affiliation with ex-President AMLO's (Andrés Manuel López Obrador ) social welfare policies and her technocratic credibility as a former scientist and mayor of Mexico City.

Javier Milei, Argentina's libertarian president, holds a 65% approval rating, slightly behind Sheinbaum. His high rating is remarkable given his radical economic reforms and confrontational political style. Milei’s early austerity measures have been divisive, but a portion of the population sees him as a necessary disruptor after years of economic instability.

Meanwhile, former U.S. President Donald Trump, who has returned to office, sits at 52%. This middling figure reflects a deeply polarised electorate. Trump's economic populism and border policies continue to energise his base, but his approval is constrained by ongoing legal and ethical controversies.

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese follows at 46%, reflecting moderate public satisfaction amid cost-of-living challenges and housing affordability debates. Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni holds a 42% approval rating, benefiting from her nationalist tone and fiscal conservatism, though tensions with EU partners may affect her future standing.

In the lower tier, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan both sit at 35% and 33% respectively, hampered by economic sluggishness and domestic unrest. French President Emmanuel Macron trails the list with 30%, a reflection of widespread dissatisfaction over pension reforms and recurring labour strikes.

The map displays Holocaust victim counts by country, revealing the disproportionate scale of loss across Europe and the human cost of state-sponsored antisemitism, war, and complicity.

Poland and the Soviet Union: Epicentres of the Holocaust

With a staggering 3 million Jewish lives lost, Poland bore the heaviest burden of the Holocaust. This is no accident of geography alone—Poland had the largest Jewish population in Europe before World War II and became the hub of the Nazi extermination machinery. Camps like Auschwitz, Treblinka, and Sobibor, all situated in occupied Polish territory, were central to the Nazi regime’s “Final Solution”.

The Soviet Union follows with 1.34 million victims, reflecting mass executions, forced deportations, and systemic annihilation campaigns particularly in Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia. Many were killed during the German invasion of the USSR in 1941, when mobile killing squads known as Einsatzgruppen swept across Eastern Europe, leaving countless mass graves in their wake.

Hungary, Germany, and Romania: State collaboration and timelines of death

Hungary’s toll—564,507 victims—speaks to the tragic speed and efficiency of Nazi deportations in 1944, following years of growing antisemitic legislation. Once Germany occupied the country, over 400,000 Jews were deported to Auschwitz in just eight weeks—one of the fastest mass extermination operations of the Holocaust.

Germany, the perpetrator nation, accounted for 165,200 deaths. Despite being the epicentre of Nazi ideology, the number appears lower than in Eastern territories due to early emigration, assimilation, and differing timelines. German Jews faced legal and economic persecution long before mass deportations began.

Romania, another Axis-aligned state, saw 260,000 Jews killed, particularly in regions like Bessarabia and Bukovina. Local forces were responsible for several massacres, notably the Iași pogrom in 1941, emphasising that the Holocaust wasn’t perpetrated by Nazis alone but often with local collaboration.

Western Europe : A mixed record of resistance and tragedy

While France (74,000), the Netherlands (102,000), and Belgium (24,387) lost tens of thousands, the outcomes varied significantly by national policy, public resistance, and geography. The Netherlands had one of the highest Jewish death rates in Western Europe—approximately 75%—despite a robust civil society , reflecting the swift and brutal efficiency of Nazi occupation.

In contrast, Denmark—with only 116 Jews killed—is often cited as a rare example of widespread civic resistance. In 1943, Danish citizens and resistance fighters evacuated over 7,000 Jews to Sweden, a coordinated effort that remains one of the Holocaust’s few stories of collective rescue.

Southern and Northern Europe : Fewer numbers, not less suffering

Countries like Italy (7,858) and Greece (65,000) reflect the Holocaust’s spread into southern Europe, often under German occupation despite initial resistance or complicity by local governments. Albania, with only 100 reported victims, is another exception; most Jews were hidden by Muslim communities in acts of quiet defiance and solidarity.

In Scandinavia, Norway (758) and Sweden (unaffected due to neutrality) reveal minimal victim counts, again illustrating how geography, policy, and public sentiment shaped survival.

The medical technology industry in Europe directly employs over 880,000 people, accounting for approximately 0.36% of total employment in the region. This significant workforce is distributed across various countries, with Germany having the highest absolute number of people employed in medical technology.

While Germany leads in terms of absolute numbers, Ireland and Switzerland have the highest number of medical technology employees per capita. This suggests that these countries have a strong focus on the medical technology sector, with a higher proportion of their workforce engaged in this industry.

The medical technology industry in Europe is characterised by a high prevalence of SMEs, which account for around 90% of the sector. Most of these SMEs employ fewer than 50 people, indicating a dynamic and entrepreneurial landscape.

The medical tech industry is notable for its high productivity, with the value added per employee estimated to be around €177,000 per employee. This highlights the significant contribution of the sector to the European economy.

From agriculture and infrastructure inspection to logistics, surveillance, and filmmaking, drones have become indispensable tools across industries. Below is a look at the Top 5 Drone Markets in 2024, ranked by market value and overall industry activity.

China is the world’s largest producer and exporter of drones, with DJI Technologies dominating the global consumer drone market. China’s commercial drone usage has grown in agriculture, energy, and infrastructure sectors, raking in $1.53 billion in 2024. The government continues to support domestic drone innovation under its Made in China 2025 strategy.

The U.S. is also one of the largest and most mature drone markets globally with an annual revenue of $1.38 billion. Fuelled by heavy investments in military UAVs, booming commercial applications, and companies like DJI’s competitors (Skydio, Zipline, Anduril), the U.S. leads in both hardware production and drone software innovation. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has also gradually adapted policies to enable wider drone deployment in logistics and surveillance.

Germany, apart from France, stands as the largest drone market in Europe. It is a leader in industrial and regulatory innovation. With strong support from the European Union's drone regulation framework, Germany is advancing use cases in urban air mobility (UAM) and automated flight systems. Companies like Wingcopter and Quantum-Systems are expanding international operations. The country made $0.14 billion in 2024.

According to recent data from the European Health Information Gateway, Switzerland stands out as the largest spender on healthcare in Europe, allocating an impressive 12% of its GDP to healthcare. Germany, France, Austria, and the UK follow closely, with 11.8%, 11.6%, 11%, and 10.9% of their GDP dedicated to healthcare, respectively.

Switzerland's federal and decentralised system

Switzerland's healthcare system operates under a unique federal and decentralized framework. Each canton manages its healthcare services, while the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) oversees mandatory health insurance. Funding comes from a combination of enrollee premiums, cantonal taxes, and social contributions, with subsidies available for low-income residents. Patients enjoy significant freedom of choice, but also face deductibles and co-payments.

Germany's dual insurance model

Germany's healthcare system follows a dual insurance model, with 86% of residents covered by statutory health insurance (SHI) and the remaining 14% opting for private insurance. The system is decentralised, resulting in low out-of-pocket costs for patients.

France's universal coverage

France maintains universal coverage through its social health insurance system, supplemented by private insurance to cover cost-sharing. Healthcare planning and reimbursement are centrally managed, ensuring comprehensive care for all citizens with 11.6% of its GDP.

Austria's public-private mix

Austria provides public healthcare with private options, following a decentralised governance model. This approach ensures low co-payments while allowing patients to opt for premium services.

The UK's national health service (NHS)

The UK's NHS, although scrapped recently, is publicly funded and centrally managed, with Integrated Care Boards (ICBs) overseeing regional service delivery. This comprehensive system provides universal access to healthcare services.

As the leader of the Central Powers in World War I, Germany's defeat in 1918 led to the draconian Treaty of Versailles. The treaty imposed severe reparations, military restrictions, and territorial losses, fueling nationalist resentment and paving the way for the rise of Nazi Germany.

Germany's aggressive expansionism in World War II ultimately led to another crushing defeat in 1945. The aftermath saw Germany occupied by the Allies, divided into East and West, and undergoing a complete political transformation under foreign control.

Hungary, once part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, suffered a devastating loss of over two-thirds of its territory following World War I, as dictated by the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. This loss ignited a deep-seated national resentment, driving Hungary to align itself with Nazi Germany in World War II.

However, as the war turned against the Axis powers, Hungary was successively occupied by both the Nazis and the Soviet Union. Ultimately, Hungary found itself on the losing side once again, remaining under Soviet influence for the next four decades.

Bulgaria's experience in both world wars was marked by shifting allegiances and ultimately, defeat. After joining the Central Powers in World War I, Bulgaria was forced to surrender in 1918, suffering territorial losses under the Treaty of Neuilly in 1919. In World War II, Bulgaria initially allied itself with Nazi Germany but later switched sides in 1944, declaring war on Germany. Despite this late realignment, Bulgaria fell under Soviet influence after the war, its fate mirroring that of Hungary.

Austria's experience in both world wars was distinct from that of Germany, Hungary, and Bulgaria. As part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was defeated in World War I, leading to the empire's dissolution. In World War II, Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938, making it a formal part of Germany rather than an independent belligerent. After the war, Austria positioned itself as a victim of Nazi expansion, a stance that remains a subject of historical debate.

Here's a breakdown of the expected vote share for each party:

- AfD: 19.7%

- SPD: 15.6%

- Grüne (Green Party): 12.7%

- Die Linke: 7.5%

- FDP: 4.5%

- BSW: 4.6%

-Freie Wähler: 1.4

- Others: 4.1%

It's worth noting that the AfD Party is projected to gain significant support, but remains excluded from coalition considerations at the federal level. The seat distribution will depend on whether smaller parties like FDP, Linke, and BSW surpass the 5% threshold. Voter turnout, particularly among younger demographics and non-traditional voters, may also influence the final results.

Coalition talks are expected to extend well beyond election day, so the composition of Germany’s next government remains uncertain. Political insiders predict a period of intense negotiations, during which compromises and alliances will define the new era in German politics.

Stay tuned as we continue to bring you the latest developments and in-depth analysis of Germany’s journey toward forming its next government.

"They consider the NATO as relevant as ever," adds Pistorius, after Washington has urged its European NATO partners to look after their own defence and raise military spending.

With a culture that celebrates fitness and self-care, Americans are flocking to gyms in record numbers, driving the country to the top of the global rankings.

Well, America is not the only country that believes in fitness.

Germany and the United Kingdom also have large representations in the Fitfam world.

The following countries have a large portion of their population in the gym:

United States - 64.19 million

Germany - 11.66 million

United Kingdom - 10.39 million

Brazil - 10.33 million

France - 6.19 million

Canada - 6.18 million

Italy - 5. 51 million

Spain 5.51 million

China - 4.52 million

Mexico - 4.26 million

The achievement required meticulous planning and round-the-clock monitoring, as confirmed by Guinness adjudicator Susana Reyes. “To beat a world record and set a new one, especially this one, is pretty unique. It took a lot of work from both Guinness and the record holder's team. We needed witnesses who were monitoring and verifying 24/7 for more than 120 days,” Reyes said.

The underwater habitat, stationed 11 meters below the surface, offered limited space but provided Koch with an intimate connection with marine life. "I didn’t have so much time to reflect; there was so much to do,” Koch said. “But it’s beautiful when things calm down, and it gets dark, and the sea starts glowing. I would turn off all the lights and let the sea be my only light source. It’s indescribable - you have to experience it yourself.”

Reyes noted the logistical challenges of conducting such a record attempt in the open sea, emphasising the complexity of providing for Koch’s needs while ensuring uninterrupted monitoring. "This also implies special logistics - not just to satisfy the needs of our record holder who lived underwater, but also to make sure all the evidence is verifiable," she explained.

Disinformation campaigns in Syria have surged following the recent ousting of the Assad regime, raising concerns about a potential return to civil war. Researchers, like Zouhir al-Shimale from Verify-Sy, note that various factions exploit misinformation to further their agendas and delegitimise rivals, according to DW . Social media posts—often misleading or false—have contributed to public anxiety, especially among groups associated with the former regime, such as Alawites, who fear reprisals.

Germany and France seek a 'new beginning' with Syria

International actors, particularly Russia and Iran, are implicated in these disinformation efforts, aiming to shape narratives in their favour. Current misinformation includes exaggerated claims of violence and persecution, with both local and foreign entities amplifying biased content against Syrian rebels. Such disinformation not only influences domestic perceptions but may also sway international views on Syria’s stability post-Assad, reports 69 News .

Syria puts entry restrictions on Lebanese after border clash

Syria has imposed new entry restrictions on Lebanese citizens following a border skirmish with armed Syrians, according to Lebanese security sources. According to The New Arab , this marks the first diplomatic friction between the neighbours since rebels toppled Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad last month. Previously, Lebanese nationals could enter Syria without a visa, but now only those with residency permits or official permission are allowed. A Lebanese General Security official expressed surprise at the sudden border closure, noting no new measures had been communicated.

German FM says Europe will not fund creation of new Islamist structures

Germany and France are seeking a political "new beginning" with Syria, announcing a visit by their foreign ministers to meet de facto leader Ahmad al-Sharaa and civil society representatives. Baerbock emphasised the importance of inclusive political processes in Syria's future, while al-Sharaa suggested it might take up to four years to hold elections, reports The Jerusalem Post .

Israel strikes Syrian military factories and research centres near Aleppo

Israel has conducted airstrikes targeting military factories and research centres near Al-Safira, east of Aleppo, resulting in significant explosions that damaged radar systems and missile battalions. Syrian media described the attack as a major escalation, with no immediate casualties reported. The strikes follow a previous attack near Damascus that killed 11 people. Since the regime's collapse in December 2024, Israel has carried out 498 strikes across Syria to neutralise potential military threats, reports The New Arab . Israeli officials assert their actions aim to eliminate strategic heavy weapons, despite most Syrian military systems being outdated. Syrian leader Ahmed al-Sharaa condemned Israel's increases in military activity, asserting that foreign intervention is no longer justified and warning of potential escalation.

The decision also comes in the wake of a deadly car-ramming attack at a Christmas market in the western city of Trier last week, which has reignited national debates over security and immigration policies. The tragedy, which claimed several lives and left many injured, has intensified public calls for stronger measures to prevent such attacks and control immigration.

In a televised address, President Steinmeier emphasised the importance of restoring political stability in the country. He urged all political parties to engage in a "campaign of respect and decency," stressing that the upcoming election should focus on Germany's future direction rather than further divisions.

"Dear fellow citizens," Steinmeier said, "I have decided today to dissolve the twentieth German Bundestag and to schedule new elections for the twenty-third of February next year. A letter to this effect has just been handed over to the President of the German Bundestag."

The collapse of Scholz's coalition—comprising the Social Democrats (SPD), Greens, and Free Democrats (FDP)—was the result of deepening tensions over economic recovery strategies, with factions unable to reach a consensus on the best path forward for Europe's largest economy. Scholz's government had faced growing public dissatisfaction, with rising inflation, energy prices, and unemployment contributing to the political crisis.

Speaking at a joint press conference alongside German opposition leader Friedrich Merz, Zelenskyy expressed Ukraine’s openness to negotiations while acknowledging the challenges posed by Russian President Vladimir Putin.

"We talked about the frozen conflict in a recent meeting with Trump and Macron. I said that we want the war to end more than anyone else in the world. Certainly, a diplomatic end to the war will bring more lives saved," Zelenskyy stated.

However, the Ukrainian leader emphasised his scepticism about Putin’s willingness to end the conflict voluntarily. He called for increased international support to strengthen Ukraine's position.

“I emphasised to President Macron and President Trump. First of all, you will see that Putin does not want this war to end, so he has to be forced into peace. He can only be forced if Ukraine is strong," Zelenskyy said.

Trump, preparing to assume office on January 20, has consistently voiced confidence in his ability to end the war quickly. Following his meeting with Zelenskyy in Paris, Trump told the New York Post that the Ukrainian president is eager to negotiate a ceasefire.

“He wants to have a cease-fire,” Trump told the newspaper. “He wants to make peace. We didn’t talk about the details. He thinks it’s time, and [Russian President Vladimir] Putin should think it’s time because he’s lost—when you lose 700,000 people, it’s time. It’s not going to end until there’s a peace.”

Office for National Statistics reveals that Germany is the UK’s top import partner, accounting for £74 billion of the UK’s £518 billion total import bill—approximately 13%. German exports to the UK are dominated by high-value goods, including cars, industrial machinery, and medicines, reinforcing Germany's role as a critical supplier of advanced technology and pharmaceuticals.

The United States follows closely, contributing £58 billion worth of imports. The energy trade is particularly prominent in this relationship, with oil and gas representing the largest categories of imports. This underscores the strategic importance of the UK-U.S. partnership in securing energy resources.

China completes the top three import sources for the UK, supplying goods worth £56 billion. Chinese exports are dominated by electronics and technological goods, reflecting the UK’s dependence on China for devices and tech essentials that drive its economy.

While the UK has redefined its trading relationships following Brexit, the European Union remains its most significant trading bloc. The EU accounts for 46% of the UK’s imports and 42% of its exports, highlighting the enduring interdependence between the UK and its closest neighbours.

These trade dynamics illustrate how the UK continues to navigate a complex global landscape, balancing its long-standing relationships with the EU while strengthening ties with other global economic powerhouses like the U.S. and China. As the UK adapts to its post-Brexit identity, these partnerships will remain essential to sustaining its role as a global economic leader.

In a recent development, German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock has raised concerns regarding China's support for Russia in the ongoing Ukraine conflict, warning that such backing could adversely impact diplomatic relations between Germany and China. This statement underscores the fragility of international alliances amid geopolitical tensions, particularly as it relates to core German and European security interests.

Open-source data risks

In parallel, China's Ministry of State Security has issued a cautionary note regarding the risks associated with open-source data, particularly from social media platforms. Describing social media as a vital intelligence resource for foreign espionage, the ministry highlights the dangers of fragmented data which may enable the tracking of individuals and extraction of sensitive information. It calls for stringent measures during procurement processes to safeguard against potential information leaks, particularly in sensitive sectors such as infrastructure and digital archives, emphasising the need for enhanced management practices.

Stock market

On the financial markets front, Asian stocks experienced an upsurge on Monday, buoyed by encouraging Chinese manufacturing figures. Conversely, European markets faced declines, particularly in Paris, as concerns surrounding a budgetary stalemate in France weighed heavily on investor confidence. Despite record highs in U.S. markets fostering optimism, European stocks reflected a more cautious sentiment, with a notable downturn following political uncertainty affecting key indices.

Taiwan president speaks with ex-U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi

In Taiwan, President Lai Ching-te engaged in a significant dialogue with former U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi during his transit through Hawaii. They centred their discussion on China's military provocations and collaborative opportunities in semiconductor technology and artificial intelligence. This exchange occurs against the backdrop of rising tensions, as Taiwan remains resolute in its sovereignty against Chinese claims, which have contributed to an escalation in military activities in the region.

'Lying Flat' mentality

Lastly, within China, local governments are addressing a growing phenomenon referred to as the “lying flat” mentality among certain workers, characterised by a lack of motivation and procrastination. In response, some cities have instituted measures such as “snail awards” for officials who neglect public concerns, alongside “horse awards” to recognise efficiency and proactive approaches. This shift highlights the increasing scrutiny from Chinese authorities, including President Xi Jinping, towards bureaucratic attitudes and their potential impact on governance performance.

According to research from Railway Supply, Spain is the European leader, ranking second globally, boasting approximately 4,327 kilometres of high-speed rail. This network, primarily operated by Renfe, connects major hubs like Madrid, Barcelona, and Seville, with trains reaching speeds of up to 310 km/h. The system has revolutionized travel within the country, offering efficiency and convenience.

France’s TGV trains, synonymous with speed and innovation, operate across approximately 3,977 kilometres. These high-speed trains facilitate seamless travel within France and to neighbouring countries, maintaining a reputation for reliability and efficiency.

Germany’s high-speed rail system integrates Intercity Express (ICE) trains into its broader network, achieving speeds of up to 300 km/h. This service provides rapid connectivity within and to bordering nations, reinforcing Germany’s commitment to modern transport solutions.

As countries continue to invest in high-speed rail, the infrastructure transforms domestic travel and enhances international connections, shaping the future of global mobility.

Arkota Suleiman Jabonah, a Sudanese refugee, arrived with his family and is adjusting to the assistance the centre provides. "For now, we’ll stay here because we’re new and need help from social workers with applications and job centre forms," he said. "Eventually, once we learn German, we’ll be able to find an apartment on our own."

Marienfelde’s director, Olivija Music, explained that it’s difficult to ask long-term residents to move out to make room for new arrivals. “We’ve been preparing residents for this transition for up to two years,” she told the AFP.

Historically, the Marienfelde Centre housed German citizens from East Berlin who, upon arrival, had rights and pathways to full citizenship. Today’s arrivals face a more complex process, says Bettina Effner, Director of the Marienfelde Memorial Museum.

“The difference now is that these people often endure long processes to determine their residency status - whether they’ll be tolerated or granted residency,” she explained.

For refugees like Layan Al Jazzar, who arrived from Syria with her mother and sister, the journey has been emotionally taxing. “We were crying all the time...we didn’t know anyone or speak the language,” she shared.

Here are the top five economies for 2024:

United States

The United States remains the largest economy in the world, driven by its diverse and innovative economic landscape. The U.S. economy benefits from strong consumer spending, technological advancements, and a robust financial sector. Despite challenges such as inflation and geopolitical tensions, the U.S. continues to lead in global economic output.

China

China holds the second position, maintaining its rapid growth trajectory. The country's significant investments in infrastructure, technology, and manufacturing have solidified its status as a global economic giant. However, China faces challenges such as an ageing population and environmental concerns, which could impact its long-term growth.

Germany

Germany is the third-largest economy, leading Europe with its strong industrial sector and export-oriented economy. Known for its engineering prowess and high-quality manufacturing, Germany's economic stability and innovation drive its growth. The country continues to navigate challenges such as energy transitions and demographic shifts.

Japan

Japan ranks fourth, known for its advanced technology and strong industrial base. The Japanese economy is characterised by high levels of innovation and a focus on quality manufacturing. Despite demographic challenges, Japan's economic policies and technological advancements continue to support its position among the world's largest economies.

India

India is fifth with its rapidly growing economy driven by a young population, expanding middle class, and increasing urbanisation. Economic reforms and investments in infrastructure and education are propelling India's growth, making it a key player on the global stage.