In 1927, Turkey's population stood at approximately 13.6 million . Over the subsequent decades, the country witnessed significant growth, reaching 83.6 million by 2020. This expansion was particularly rapid in the post-World War II era, with annual growth rates peaking at nearly 3% in the early 1960s.

Factors contributing to this surge included high birth rates and internal migration from rural to urban areas. However, by 2020, the growth rate had decelerated to 0.6% annually, influenced by declining fertility rates and an ageing population.

Greece's population plateau and decline

Greece's demographic journey was more complex. Following the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey, Greece's population in 1928 was recorded at 6.2 million. The nation experienced steady growth throughout the mid-20th century, peaking at around 11.1 million in 2010 .

However, the subsequent decade saw a decline, with the population decreasing to approximately 10.7 million by 2020. This downturn has been attributed to low birth rates, economic challenges, and emigration.

The contrasting population trends of Greece and Turkey have significant implications for their respective futures. Turkey's youthful and growing population presents opportunities for economic expansion but also poses challenges related to employment and urban infrastructure.

Greece, on the other hand, faces the challenges of an ageing population and a shrinking workforce , necessitating policy responses to address potential economic and social impacts.