Recent figures show that $1 converts to about 1.29 Singapore dollars and 1.28 Brunei dollars, placing both nations at the stronger end of the regional spectrum. Their currencies have remained relatively firm, supported by stable macroeconomic conditions and, in Singapore’s case, a tightly managed exchange rate system.

Bloomberg has noted that sustained capital inflows and prudent monetary management continue to reinforce the city-state’s currency resilience.

Across much of the region, however, the dollar stretches further. In Malaysia, it trades at roughly 4.04 ringgit, while Thailand’s baht stands near 32.59 per dollar.

The Philippine peso, at about 60.64 to the dollar, reflects ongoing pressures tied to inflation and external balances. According to Bloomberg analysis, currencies in these economies have remained sensitive to global financial tightening and shifts in investor sentiment.

Indonesia’s rupiah, hovering around 16,947 per dollar, illustrates this balancing act. While the country has benefited from commodity exports, Bloomberg reports that its currency remains exposed to global interest rate movements, prompting periodic intervention by the central bank to maintain stability.

The divergence becomes more pronounced in frontier markets. Vietnam’s dong trades at approximately 26,340 per dollar, while Laos and Cambodia register around 21,632 kip and 4,010 riel, respectively. Myanmar’s kyat, at roughly 2,100 per dollar, reflects deeper structural and economic challenges.

These variations go beyond exchange rates. They point to fundamental differences in purchasing power, economic structure, and policy frameworks. A stronger currency often signals stability but raises domestic costs, while weaker currencies can support exports yet reduce the ability to absorb imported inflation.

Monetary strategy plays a central role. Singapore’s reliance on exchange rate management contrasts with the interest rate-focused approaches seen in countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines. Bloomberg has highlighted how this divergence shapes currency performance, particularly during periods of global monetary tightening.

With the U.S. Federal Reserve maintaining a cautious stance on easing, the dollar has remained firm. Bloomberg suggests that this trend could persist in the near term, keeping pressure on Southeast Asian currencies and reinforcing the disparities seen across the region.

Taken together, the figures underline a simple but important reality: Southeast Asia is far from economically uniform. The reach of a single dollar continues to reflect the region’s varied economic conditions, offering insight into both opportunity and risk for policymakers, businesses, and investors alike.

Data from World Visualized places the Norwegian capital at the top, with 48.9% of cars being electric, followed by Bergen at 38.9%, highlighting the country’s clear advantage in adoption rates.

This position reflects a sustained national strategy. Electric cars make up r oughly 82% of new vehicle sales in Norway , a figure that continues to edge higher, supported by tax reliefs, lower road charges and an extensive charging network, according to the Norwegian Road Federation.

Buyers benefit from exemptions on purchase taxes and VAT, often making electric models more affordable than petrol alternatives. Additional advantages, including access to bus lanes and reduced parking and toll costs, further strengthen their appeal.

Chinese cities are also making significant strides, though with a different model focused on scale and public transport.

Shenzhen, with roughly 33.5% of cars electric, has electrified its entire bus fleet and taxi system, more than 16,000 buses and over 20,000 taxis, making it the first city in the world to do so, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA).

Shanghai follows with around 28%, supported by strong subsidies and a policy that prioritises EV buyers through easier access to licence plates, which are otherwise costly and restricted.

China is now the world’s largest EV market, accounting for nearly 60% of global electric car sales in 2023, the IEA said.

Elsewhere in Europe, Amsterdam stands out with about 22% EV share, supported by one of the densest charging networks globally and strict low-emission zones that discourage petrol and diesel vehicles.

The Netherlands has consistently ranked among the top countries for EV infrastructure , with more than 100,000 public charging points nationwide, according to government data.

In the United States, San Francisco leads major cities with roughly 18.5% of cars being electric, reflecting California’s aggressive climate policies and high consumer purchasing power.

California alone accounts for nearly 40% of all EV sales in the U.S., driven by state mandates requiring a transition to zero-emission vehicles by 2035, according to the California Energy Commission.

However, nationwide adoption remains uneven due to infrastructure gaps and varying state-level policies.

On the other hand, Jakarta’s EV share remains low at around 2.4%, highlighting the challenges faced by emerging economies.

Indonesia has introduced incentives, including reduced value-added tax and regulatory support for domestic EV production, as part of a broader strategy to build a regional electric vehicle hub.

President Prabowo Subianto has signalled ambitions to accelerate the transition, though analysts say infrastructure and affordability remain key barriers.

That figure places Java ahead of major countries, including Russia, Japan, Mexico and Ethiopia, according to demographic comparisons circulating widely online and reflected in global population data.

With more than half of Indonesia’s roughly 282 million people living on Java, the island accounts for about 55% of the country’s population despite covering only a small fraction of its landmass.

Globally, this concentration is striking as roughly 1 in every 50 people on Earth lives on Java alone.

The island’s population exceeds that of Russia (around 143–146 million), Mexico (around 130 million), Japan (about 122–123 million), Ethiopia (about 132–135 million), and the Democratic Republic of Congo (over 100 million), based on recent international estimates.

Java’s outsized population is closely tied to its economic dominance. The island hosts Indonesia’s capital, Jakarta, along with major industrial hubs and infrastructure networks that draw migration from across the archipelago.

This concentration has created one of the most densely populated regions globally, with more than 1,100 people per square kilometre in some areas.

While this density fuels economic productivity, it also places strain on housing, transport systems and environmental resources. Policymakers have long attempted to ease pressure through “ transmigration ” programmes aimed at redistributing people to less populated islands, with mixed success.

The comparison between Java and sovereign nations highlights a broader demographic reality that population is increasingly concentrated in specific urban and regional clusters rather than evenly distributed across countries.

What this really means is that geographic size no longer correlates with population weight. Russia, the world ’s largest country by land area, has fewer people than a single Indonesian island.

Lyons was arrested on March 28 at I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport after arriving from Singapore, when immigration systems flagged him as the subject of an Interpol Red Notice. 

Who is Steven Lyons?

Lyons is identified by law enforcement agencies as a senior figure in an international crime syndicate and the alleged leader of the Lyons crime group in Scotland. Police said the group has been involved in a long-running and violent feud with a rival organization for more than two decades.

Lyons previously lived in Spain before relocating to Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. He has been on Spain’s wanted list for about two years, following a 2024 killing linked to investigations in the country. His wife was also arrested in Dubai in a related operation, and both are wanted by Spanish authorities.

Indonesian police said Lyons is suspected of leading a transnational criminal network operating across multiple jurisdictions, including Spain, Scotland, the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain and Turkey.

What is he wanted for?

Spanish authorities are seeking Lyons over allegations of drug trafficking, money laundering and membership in a criminal organization. Investigators from Spain’s Civil Guard estimate that funds laundered by the network exceed €30 million.

Officials said the group allegedly used shell companies across Europe and the Middle East to conceal illicit proceeds and facilitate financial flows linked to narcotics trafficking routes between Spain and the United Kingdom.

The case is part of a broader multinational investigation involving Indonesian, Spanish and Scottish authorities, with coordinated raids carried out in locations including Glasgow, Barcelona and Malaga. Additional arrests have been reported in Turkey, the Netherlands and the UAE, with support from Europol.

What Indonesian authorities said

Indonesian officials described Lyons as a “mafia boss” and Interpol fugitive, emphasizing that his deportation reflects the country’s stance against international criminal activity.

“We will not allow Indonesian territory, especially Bali, to become a haven or operational base for international criminals,” said Bugie Kurniawan, head of the Ngurah Rai Immigration Office.

Bali police chief Daniel Adityajaya said Lyons was believed to be the leader of a “large-scale transnational criminal organisation engaged in drug trafficking and money laundering.”

Untung Widyatmoko, secretary of Interpol’s Indonesia bureau, said the group’s operations spanned multiple regions, underscoring the cross-border nature of the investigation.

Authorities added that two associates who arrived in Bali on the same flight as Lyons remain unaccounted for, with no arrest warrants currently issued against them.

These allow teachers to explain subjects with an almost unlimited range of visuals and hold the attention of students far better than traditional approaches.

The scheme had reached at least 21 million students by November 2025 and 55,000 teachers have been trained.

“We get bored just looking at the whiteboard. With the digital board we are inspired to be more motivated to study,” said one student.

The screens are designed to work online and offline and can be solar powered in areas not connected to the grid. This will allow them to benefit all the country’s children with a goal of better preparing them for the jobs of the future.

Alongside the technology, the curriculum is also focusing more on areas related to technology with subjects such as coding and AI introduced.

A teacher who is working with the new screens said: "The best thing is the enthusiasm of the children to try to work," pointing out young people used to smartphones wanted digital interactivity in their learning too.

The situation escalated in the week as Wikimedia Commons, the organisation’s multimedia library, was temporarily blocked after being incorrectly flagged for hosting illegal gambling content. The site was subsequently restored following a manual check, but the country’s digital regulator said that the problem would not have arisen if it had been correctly registered according to the law.

A group of Wikipedia’s editors has called on users to write to the government about the restrictions imposed since February that prevent its editors from logging in or adding new volunteers to the system. That makes creating new content or updates difficult.

The Ministry of Communication and Digital says it will end the block once Wikimedia has completed the process of registering under the PSE license system. It says the system is necessary to ensure digital security and protect consumers.

Prabowo pointed to Pakistan’s response to similar pressures, including pay cuts for officials, remote working arrangements and delays to non-essential spending, as a model for Indonesia.

The proposal has since drawn support from several parties within the governing coalition. The Golkar Party, which holds a significant share of cabinet posts, said it was prepared to comply.

“If the country requires it, Golkar is ready for its members serving in the cabinet and the legislature to have their salaries cut,” secretary-general Muhammad Sarmuji said, describing the move as a signal of the government ’s “willingness to adapt.”

The National Mandate Party (PAN) also backed the plan. Deputy chair Eddy Soeparno said the party would “stand at the forefront” of efforts to ensure public acceptance if the policy is implemented.

Even the opposition Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) has not objected, though it stressed that any cuts should begin at the highest levels of government. Lawmaker Andreas Hugo Pareira said savings “should start with the top, from the President and Vice President down.”

Several cabinet members have echoed that stance. Human Rights Minister Natalius Pigai said he would accept a pay cut “even if I don’t receive a salary… for the greater good,” while Finance Minister Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa confirmed the government was reviewing the proposal’s details.

He said Indonesia had “never committed to contributing financially at all” and was not present at the founding donors’ meeting in Washington on February 19, where several countries made funding pledges.

Foreign Minister Sugiono had already moved to clarify the issue on March 17, saying the $1 billion figure was not a mandatory membership fee and that Indonesia’s participation in the board was not tied to any fixed financial contribution.

The Board of Peace is a 28-country coalition backing a US plan for post-war Gaza.

Earlier reports said donors at the Washington meeting had pledged an initial $17 billion for reconstruction, emergency relief and security stabilisation, including $10 billion from the United States and $7 billion from nine other countries.

Prabowo said Indonesia’s main contribution would instead be the possible deployment of peacekeeping troops, adding that Jakarta could take on a larger role once reconstruction begins. He pointed to Indonesia’s earlier humanitarian support for Palestine, including assistance channelled through the National Alms Agency and the construction of a hospital.

He also said Indonesia joined the board because it saw a pathway towards Palestinian statehood, citing parts of a 21-point US proposal that refer to statehood and dialogue between Israel and the Palestinians. Those provisions, he said, were in line with Indonesia’s long-standing support for a two-state solution.

The clarification comes as Indonesia’s support for the board faces sharper questions following the war involving the United States, Israel and Iran. The conflict has complicated Jakarta’s earlier enthusiasm for the US-backed initiative and raised pressure at home over how closely it should align itself with Washington on Middle East policy.

With his younger brother, Robert Budi Hartono, he transformed a modest family tobacco business in Kudus, Central Java, into the Djarum Group, one of Indonesia’s largest conglomerates. 

Its flagship kretek — clove-flavoured cigarettes — became household names, including Djarum Super and Djarum Black, in a country where tens of millions smoke.

Through their holding company, they became controlling shareholders of Bank Central Asia, Indonesia’s largest private lender, and invested in sectors ranging from property and electronics to telecommunications and e-commerce. Their redevelopment of Jakarta’s landmark Hotel Indonesia into the Grand Indonesia complex symbolised that shift from manufacturing to modern urban capital.

Hartono’s fortune was estimated at $18.9 billion in 2026, making him Indonesia’s richest man and one of the world’s wealthiest individuals.

Yet he was equally known in another arena: the card table .

A lifelong bridge enthusiast, Hartono began playing at the age of six and went on to become one of the sport’s most prominent advocates in Southeast Asia. He served as president of the South East Asia Bridge Federation and was instrumental in lobbying for bridge’s inclusion in the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta.

At those Games, Hartono competed himself, winning a bronze medal in the supermixed team event at the age of 78 — becoming the oldest Indonesian medalist in the competition’s history. 

When awarded a cash prize by the government, he donated it to support the development of bridge.

He often drew parallels between the game and his business career. “First you get the data, the information. You analyse the information, and then you make a decision,” he said. “Business, real life and bridge are the same.”

Born on October 2, 1939, Hartono he inherited the cigarette business after his father’s death in 1963. Over the following decades, he helped turn it into a global brand — but it was at the bridge table, as much as in the boardroom, that he said decisions truly revealed themselves.

But the surge in demand is colliding with a global energy shock . The conflict in the Middle East has disrupted oil supplies, pushing crude prices above $100 a barrel and tightening refined fuel markets, particularly in Asia.

For Indonesia, a major fuel importer, the timing is crucial. Petrol consumption is forecast to rise by around 12% during the Eid period, while demand for aviation fuel and cooking gas also increases sharply as families travel and prepare festive meals.

Higher fuel costs are already feeding into transport prices. Airlines across the region have raised fares or added surcharges as jet fuel prices surge, with some warning of sustained increases if the conflict continues.

At home, the government is attempting to shield consumers through subsidies and assurances that supply remains stable. However, the fiscal burden is mounting. Officials have warned that prolonged high oil prices could push Indonesia beyond its legal budget deficit limit, forcing spending cuts or new revenue measures.

Fuel prices are also politically sensitive in Indonesia, where past increases have triggered protests. Any disruption during the Eid period — when travel and household spending peak — could quickly amplify public frustration.

The central bank has already signalled that the war is limiting room for economic manoeuvre, citing inflationary pressures and currency weakness linked to higher energy costs.

For now, the mudik exodus continues, with packed airports, long ferry queues and congested roads.

By comparison, workplace happiness levels stood at 57% in Australia, 56% in Singapore and 47% in Hong Kong.

The findings are based on an online survey conducted by research firm Nature between October and November 2025, involving around 1,000 Indonesian respondents aged 18 to 64.

Beyond general satisfaction, the report found that 86% of workers feel valued by their employers, while 75% say their work is fulfilling or meaningful.

Not just about salary

The survey indicates that workplace happiness in Indonesia is shaped largely by non-financial factors rather than salary alone.

The most frequently cited contributor was strong relationships with colleagues or teams, mentioned by 77% of respondents. Workers also highlighted convenient workplace locations (76%) and having meaningful work (75%) as major drivers of satisfaction.

Although wages remain important, only 54% of respondents said higher pay was their main aspiration, suggesting that salary is not the dominant factor behind workplace wellbeing.

According to Wisnu Dharmawan, acting managing director of Jobstreet by SEEK Indonesia, competitive wages may help attract workers, but long-term satisfaction depends on whether employees feel their work has purpose and whether they can maintain work–life balance.

Gen X is the happiest

The report also found variations in workplace happiness across demographic groups and industries.

Generation X recorded the highest satisfaction levels at 85%, followed by Millennials at 84%, while Generation Z reported the lowest score at 76%.

Industry also plays a role. The technology sector recorded the highest happiness level at 93%, reflecting strong workplace culture and career prospects.

Geographically, Greater Jakarta recorded the highest satisfaction at 87%, compared with 75% in western parts of Indonesia.

Burnout, job security concerns

Despite the high levels of reported happiness, workplace pressures remain present.

The survey found that 56% of workers experience heavy workloads, while 44% report stress and 43% say they have experienced burnout.

Around 40% of workers who described themselves as happy also reported feeling mentally exhausted, highlighting the complex relationship between job satisfaction and workplace demands.

Meanwhile 42% of respondents said they are concerned about job security due to the rise of artificial intelligence, particularly in the technology sector.

Broader reasons behind workforce satisfaction

Indonesia’s broader labour environment may also shape workplace conditions.

According to the International Labour Organization , the country has developed a comprehensive legal and institutional framework to combat forced labour and human trafficking, with laws and enforcement mechanisms that apply across different employment sectors.

The government is also moving to increase wages. Under a new wage-setting framework signed by President Prabowo Subianto, Indonesia’s minimum wage is expected to rise by around 5% to 7% in 2026.

In Jakarta, where the current minimum wage is about Rp5.4 million ($318) per month, the formula suggests a potential increase to around Rp5.68 million ($334) to Rp5.77 million ($339) in 2026, depending on economic growth data.

Indonesia not only joined the board — a coalition of 28 countries backing a US plan to rebuild the Palestinian enclave — but also pledged to contribute 8,000 troops to the proposed International Stabilisation Force tasked with eventually replacing Israeli forces in the territory.

It was one of the most proactive foreign policy decisions by Jakarta in the Middle East in years, reflecting Prabowo’s push to expand Indonesia’s diplomatic footprint and deepen ties with Washington. 

Indonesian officials argued that joining the board would allow the world’s most populous Muslim-majority nation to defend Palestinian interests from within the forum, particularly as Israel was also part of the initiative while Palestinians themselves were not represented.

But this confidence has been shaken by the sudden escalation of war between the U.S., Israel and Iran, which not only disrupted regional stability but also pushed Indonesia to reassess the geopolitical implications of its alignment with a US-led platform.

This shift became evident this week during a rare high-level meeting convened by Prabowo at the State Palace in Jakarta, where the president gathered an unusually broad group of political and economic figures to discuss the crisis.

Among those present were former presidents Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Joko Widodo, former vice presidents Jusuf Kalla, Ma’ruf Amin and Boediono, senior political party leaders and prominent business figures. 

‘Recalculation’

For nearly four hours, these high-level people discussed Indonesia’s strategic posture amid escalating tensions and the potential fallout from disruptions to global energy and food supply chains.

And, of course, they also debated Indonesia’s position within the Board of Peace, particularly whether the Iran war could undermine the credibility and purpose of the U.S.-led initiative.

Former foreign minister Hassan Wirajuda warned Jakarta may need to “recalculate” its role.

“We discussed the board, particularly in light of the latest developments, including whether the war unfolding in Iran could undermine the platform’s position and mandate,” Hassan said.

Foreign Minister Sugiono has already indicated that discussions within the Board of Peace have effectively been suspended as attention shifts to the escalating conflict.

This uncertainty in stance reflects both strategic and domestic pressures Indonesia faces.

Indonesia has more than 519,000 citizens living across the Middle East, according to government data, many working or studying in the region. Ensuring their safety has become a pressing priority as the conflict spreads. 

The government began evacuating Indonesians from Iran on March 6, with dozens of citizens — most of them students in the city of Qom — expected to return home in the coming days.

At the same time, Jakarta faces pressure at home to distance itself from initiatives associated with Washington while the United States is engaged in military action against Iran.

Will Indonesia withdraw from the Board?

Several Indonesian political and religious groups have criticised the Board of Peace, arguing that participation could undermine the country’s longstanding support for Palestinian independence and entangle it in a US-led geopolitical project.

The sensitivities are heightened by Indonesia’s identity as a Muslim-majority nation and its historical sympathy toward countries in the broader Islamic world, including Iran.

Prabowo has attempted to balance those pressures by signalling that Indonesia’s participation in the Board of Peace is conditional. 

During a meeting with Islamic organisations this week, he reportedly assured leaders that Jakarta would withdraw from the forum if it ceased to benefit Palestinian interests or align with Indonesia’s national priorities.

For now, however, the Iran war has injected a new layer of uncertainty into Jakarta’s foreign policy — raising questions not only about the future of the Board of Peace but also about how far Indonesia is willing to align itself with Washington in an increasingly volatile Middle East.

At present, each ranger is responsible for around 25,000 hectares, far above the ministry’s target ratio of one ranger per 2,500 hectares.

Rangers are civil servants tasked with patrolling protected areas, preventing illegal logging and encroachment, and enforcing conservation laws. 

Between January and October 2025, the ministry said it prosecuted 34 suspects in 21 illegal logging cases, raided 13 illegal mining sites and foiled 36 attempts to smuggle protected wildlife.

Wildlife poaching problem

Indonesia is widely described as a major hub for wildlife trafficking, reflecting its vast biodiversity. It is considered one of the world’s richest countries in terms of species diversity, making it both a source and a target for organised wildlife crime.

Interpol estimates the global illegal wildlife trade is worth about $20 billion , with Indonesia acting as a source, transit point and destination. Poachers operate on islands including Java, Sumatra and Borneo, capturing species ranging from birds and otters to critically endangered rhinos. 

Many of these animals are sold domestically, while others are trafficked across Asia through organised networks.

Recent court rulings have highlighted the scale of the threat. For instance, in 2025, Indonesian judges handed down prison terms of up to 12 years in a case linked to the killing of between 18 and 26 Javan rhinos over five years.

Despite the scale of the problem, the recruitment drive has drawn criticism. Some wildlife and environment researchers have argued that increasing ranger numbers alone will not address deeper structural issues.

Research indicates that 55.3 million hectares of forest and other land have been allocated to legal concessions, where oversight can be weak. Analysts say much forest degradation occurs within these licensed areas, raising questions over whether enforcement efforts will also target large-scale business operations.

At the heart of the gathering is Jogokariyan Mosque , which this Ramadan is serving 3,800 free iftar meals every evening — complete with meals of rice, meat, vegetables and side dishes. 

This initiative is funded entirely by public donations and prepared by hundreds of volunteers.

Beyond the mosque, a 500-metre stretch of Jogokariyan Street transforms each evening into a bustling Ramadan market. 

This year, 400 micro, small and medium-sized enterprises are operating food stalls, up from 350 last year. Organisers estimate individual traders earn between Rp 300,000 and Rp 1 million ($20 to $65) per night, with more than half of the stalls run by local residents.

Now in its 22nd year, the Jogokariyan Ramadan event highlights Indonesia’s long-standing tradition of community-led food provision during the fasting month. It also reflects the broader national focus on nutrition and food security .

Since 2025, the government under President Prabowo Subianto has expanded its Free Nutritious Meal programme, which aims to provide meals to schoolchildren, toddlers and pregnant women across the country. 

The initiative reached more than 55 million recipients in its first year, underlining Indonesia’s growing commitment to ensuring access to food for all.

Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs Airlangga Hartarto said the initiative seeks to accelerate capacity building and national independence in strategic technologies, with the government allocating an initial $150 million to the partnership. 

It will develop six national chip designs covering automotive technology, the Internet of Things, data centers, home appliances, and futuristic areas such as autonomous vehicles and quantum computing. Indonesia will retain intellectual property rights for these designs.

The focus on chip design reflects a strategic choice , as Indonesia’s semiconductor ambitions have long been constrained by a shortage of skilled engineers. 

The country produced 30 to 60 million mobile phones annually and is projected to import 1.57 million laptops in 2026. Imports of semiconductors surged to $4.87 billion in 2021, nearly doubling from 2020. 

In the automotive sector, which assembled over 800,000 vehicles last year, electric and hybrid models consume roughly three times more chips per unit than conventional vehicles.

This also forms part of the global response to broader chip demand, with the market growing 23% from $407.9 billion in 2017 to $501.3 billion in 2021, driven by electrification, digitalization, and AI expansion. 

For Indonesia, building domestic design capacity is seen as the most feasible entry point before moving to capital-intensive fabrication.

Universities including ITB, UGM, and the University of Indonesia will help develop the talent pipeline. Engineers will receive training directly from Arm’s ecosystem. 

“The collaboration will continue to develop the next generation of semiconductors or chips, so that Indonesia has capabilities in the semiconductor and design fields,” said Airlangga Hartarto, Malaysia’s coordinating minister for economic affairs.

Jeffers said the deployment aims to provide “the security Gaza needs for a future of prosperity and enduring peace.”

Number of troops

President Prabowo Subianto, attending the meeting, said Indonesia would deploy troops within two months, starting with an advance team to assess risks and plan operations. The country has pledged up to 8,000 troops, the largest contingent of any ISF member.

Indonesia’s Foreign Minister Sugiono explained that the deputy commander role reflects both the size of the Indonesian contingent and the military’s extensive peacekeeping experience. 

“Indonesian troops are also the largest there, this deputy commander for operations is also something that honors and appreciates Indonesia's track record," Sugiono said. 

The ISF will operate under a U.S.-led Board of Peace. Indonesia’s forces will be deployed across Gaza’s five sectors — Rafah, Khan Yunis, Deir el-Balah, Gaza City, and Northern Gaza — with an initial focus on Rafah.

Humanitarian focus, not combat

While Indonesia leads the largest deployment after the U.S., its troops are assigned strictly to humanitarian and stabilization tasks, not combat. The government has warned it will withdraw if the ISF deviates from agreed mandates.

Other countries contributing troops include Morocco, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, and Albania, while Egypt and Jordan will train Gaza’s local police. The ISF’s long-term plan calls for 20,000 troops and 12,000 police officers on the ground.

The Board of Peace also aims to oversee Gaza’s reconstruction and demilitarization, a plan opposed by Hamas, which has rejected foreign intervention and disarmament.

Trump highlighted Indonesia’s role during the meeting, praising Prabowo for his commitment and leadership. Members of the board pledged $7 billion toward Gaza relief, a fraction of the estimated $70 billion needed to rebuild after years of conflict.

Indonesia’s Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs, Airlangga Hartarto, described the deal as a ”‘win-win’ for both countries” that “respects the sovereignty of both countries.”

Under the agreement, several Indonesian exports, including coffee, chocolate, natural rubber, and spices, will enter the U.S. market tariff-free. 

Indonesia is also seeking exemptions for an additional 1,700 commodities, including palm oil. In return, Indonesia will remove tariff barriers on most U.S. products and align its domestic standards with U.S. regulations covering vehicle safety, emissions, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices.

President Prabowo and U.S. President Donald Trump also signed a document titled “Implementation of the Agreement Toward a NEW GOLDEN AGE for the US-Indonesian Alliance.” The framework follows the signing of private-sector and government agreements earlier in the week, valued at US$38.4 billion.

“We have been negotiating very intensively over the past few months, and I believe we have reached a solid agreement on many issues,” President Prabowo said during a meeting with business leaders.

The visit also included discussions on security cooperation. At the inaugural meeting of the Board of Peace (BoP), President Prabowo pledged up to 8,000 troops to support an International Stabilisation Force for Gaza.

“We are fully committed to this plan and that is why we joined the Board of Peace,” Prabowo said. He added, “We know there will be a lot of obstacles… but we are very optimistic with the leadership of President Trump, this vision of real peace will be achieved.”

The Indonesian military has indicated that an advance team of 1,000 personnel could be ready by April, with the full contingent prepared by June.

The trade agreement will take effect 90 days after both countries complete the required legal procedures. Indonesia will also facilitate U.S. investment in critical minerals and energy resources under terms similar to those offered to domestic investors.

Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islam ic calendar, is observed by Muslims worldwide as a time of fasting, prayer, and reflection. From dawn to sunset, adults abstain from food and drink as an act of devotion and self-discipline. The month commemorates the revelation of the Quran to the Prophet Muhammad and is regarded as the holiest period in Islam.

Prabowo emphasized Indonesia’s readiness to contribute significantly to the international stabilization effort. 

“There will be problems, but we will prevail. We will achieve our dream of peace in Palestine , a lasting and peaceful solution for the Palestinian problem and in Gaza,” he said. 

At the landmark meeting, Prabowo also reiterated that Indonesia is prepared to provide up to 8,000 troops to the International Stabilization Force, stating, “We are prepared to contribute the troops to take part actively … to make this peace work.”

The announcement aligns with statements from the Indonesian military, which said up to 8,000 personnel could be ready for deployment by June, with an advance team of roughly 1,000 prepared by April. 

The Indonesian National Armed Forces, known as TNI, have finalized the troop structure and a timeline, though actual deployment requires presidential approval and adherence to international mechanisms.

Indonesia’s participation would mark the first formal troop commitment to the U.S.-led Board of Peace stabilization effort in Gaza . The country has long supported Palestinian statehood, provided humanitarian aid, and participated in global peacekeeping.

Prabowo framed the move as both a humanitarian and strategic mission: “The achievements of the ceasefire are real, we commend this and therefore we reaffirm our commitment.” 

Although the vessel will be handed over as a grant, Jakarta will shoulder the costs of refitting and adapting the ship to meet the operational requirements of the Indonesian Navy.

The 180-metre carrier, capable of speeds of up to 30 knots, previously served the Italian fleet and is equipped with a range of air-defence and anti-ship systems. 

Indonesian officials have indicated that the ship is expected to arrive before October 5, 2026, in time for the anniversary of the Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI), subject to the completion of talks.

For context, Giuseppe Garibaldi was retired by Italy in 2025 and would become Indonesia’s first platform capable of operating fixed-wing aircraft at sea, although Jakarta has not yet detailed what aircraft it intends to deploy.

Indonesia joins elite club

Indonesia’s entry into the carrier club would place it among a limited group of nations. According to open-source defence data , the countries currently operating aircraft carriers or large aviation-capable amphibious ships include:

Why aircraft carriers are crucial

The world’s largest carrier force belongs to the United States Navy, which operates 11 nuclear-powered supercarriers, including vessels of the Nimitz and Ford classes. Washington aims to sustain a 12-carrier force in the coming years, even as one older vessel is scheduled for retirement.

By contrast, the People's Liberation Army Navy fields three carriers — the Liaoning, Shandong and the newer Fujian — as Beijing seeks to expand blue-water capabilities.

In an earlier interview with Global South World, veteran defence journalist Manny Mogato noted that while the United States maintains a global network of bases and routinely deploys carriers worldwide, China’s carrier fleet remains smaller and less combat-tested. 

This, Mogato said, was China’s primary weakness, as aircraft carriers are a critical factor in naval dominance as they effectively provide a country with an on-the-go, agile air force.

From an investment standpoint, many still view aircraft carriers as a sound purchase.

A 2020 poll of 3,394 readers by Naval Technology found that 82% believe aircraft carriers remain an effective use of naval budgets, underscoring their enduring appeal despite their high cost.

"Through MASAMO, we are strengthening kitchen human resources while encouraging creative industry participation to raise culinary standards and generate tangible local economic impact,” said Creative Economy Minister Teuku Riefky Harsya.

The program targets cooks at Nutrition Fulfillment Service Units (SPPG), providing hands-on training in menu quality, hygiene, ingredient management and nutrition, following National Nutrition Agency standards.

The latest session, held at SPPG Rajabasa 3 in Lampung, involves ministry officials, provincial and city governments, kitchen managers, kitchenware producer Oxone, and MasterChef Indonesia judge Chef Norman Ismail.

Fifty SPPG cooks participated in intensive sessions covering food safety, healthy cooking and efficient operations, equipping them to serve consistent, nutritious meals to beneficiaries.

In an exclusive interview with Global South World , Dadan Hindayana, head of Indonesia’s National Nutrition Agency, said MBG is set to serve nearly 83 million people in just its second year of operations.

This reach already rivals that of major global chains, such as McDonald’s, which has 69 million daily customers.

Hindayana had also said the initiative boosts local economies by employing workers at each service unit and sourcing ingredients from dozens of local suppliers. The program has also proven vital in crisis relief. During recent cyclones and floods , kitchens ramped up production to serve millions of meals efficiently.

Despite early food safety challenges, measures such as certified water use and strict hygiene protocols are reducing incidents, with Rp335 trillion ($20 billion) earmarked for the program in 2026.

This closer coordination comes as drug trafficking networks increasingly exploit regional transit routes and disparities in enforcement capacity, a problem the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) had already identified years before. 

According to the ASEAN Drug Monitoring Report 2022 , Brunei recorded 613 drug arrests that year, equivalent to about 0.14% of its population, with methamphetamine and cannabis remaining the most commonly seized drugs. 

Indonesia, by contrast, was grappling with large-scale and highly organised networks at the time. 

The ASEAN report shows Indonesian authorities dismantled 49 drug syndicates in 2022, including 23 international networks, and seized more than 8.5 tonnes of methamphetamine and over 123 tonnes of cannabis.

Officials from both sides said the cooperation aims to bridge this disparity by pairing Indonesia’s experience in dismantling large syndicates with Brunei’s border controls and early-intervention capabilities. 

The agreement also aligns with ASEAN’s broader push for coordinated responses, as regional assessments warn that traffickers rapidly adapt to enforcement pressure by shifting routes, substances and operating methods.

Both countries said the framework would allow faster intelligence exchange and more coordinated action, as no single jurisdiction can effectively counter transnational drug networks acting across ASEAN.

“I recently met with several foreign leaders in South Korea, and they shared their criticism about Bali’s beaches. They told me, ‘Your Excellency, I just returned from Bali. The beaches are so dirty now. Bali is no longer as beautiful,’” Prabowo said. 

“We should take these remarks as constructive feedback and work together to address the issue,” he added.

Within days, Bali authorities launched large-scale clean-up operations across several beaches, including Kuta and Kedonganan, deploying police, military personnel, students and volunteers. Several tonnes of waste were cleared in a single day.

Bali Police spokesperson Ariasandy said public participation was essential to protecting marine ecosystems and sustaining tourism, a key pillar of the island’s economy.

A special task force was also formed for Kuta Beach, designed to respond rapidly to tidal waste washing ashore.

Big picture

However, these beach clean-ups only highlight a wider national challenge. 

According to government data, Indonesia generated about 31.9 million tonnes of waste in 2023. While roughly two-thirds was managed, more than 11 million tonnes remained unmanaged.

Limited landfill capacity, rapid population growth and weak waste sorting have worsened the problem. In Bali alone, nearly all landfill sites are close to full, while only about 48 per cent of waste is properly recycled or disposed of.

Plastic waste is a major concern, as the Indonesian Institute of Sciences estimated Indonesia releases more than 600,000 tonnes of plastic into the ocean each year, threatening marine biodiversity and coral reef systems.

According to the United Nations Environment Programme , Indonesia is the world’s second largest plastic polluter, trailing only China. Its plastic problem is so bad that an estimated 10 billion plastic carry bags are said to be released into the environment each year.

What Indonesia is doing

In response, authorities have begun tightening regulations. Bali has banned single-use plastic bags, straws, cups and styrofoam across businesses, schools and government offices, and restricted the sale of small bottled water.

Waste sorting is now mandatory in many sectors, with organic waste required to be composted and recyclable materials separated to reduce pressure on landfills.

Beyond clean-ups and bans, Indonesia is turning to technology. The government plans to expand waste-to-energy facilities, which convert rubbish into electricity, especially in areas producing more than 1,000 tonnes of waste daily.

Problem solved by 2027?

India has set an ambitious target to significantly resolve the country’s waste problem by 2027 , with Prabowo calling towering landfill sites “embarrassing” for a major economy.

Pilot projects are already underway. In Banten province, waste is being processed into refuse-derived fuel and co-fired with coal at power plants, cutting landfill volumes and creating local jobs.

Indonesia ultimately aims to shift toward a circular economy, treating waste as a resource rather than a burden.

For Bali and other tourism destinations in Indonesia, Tourism Minister Widiyanti Putri Wardhani said beach clean-up drives will now be expanded nationwide under the government’s Clean Tourism Movement.

While challenges remain, Indonesia’s response signals a more coordinated effort to tackle one of its – and perhaps, the world's – most visible problems

"All negotiations have been completed, with legal drafting reaching 90 percent. We are now waiting for the signing schedule," Airlangga said on February 3, as quoted by local news site Tempo .

The announcement comes moments after Washington agreed to slash reciprocal tariffs on Indian goods from 50% to 18%, easing pressure on Asia’s third-largest economy. 

Indonesia is now set to become the next major Asian country to secure tariff relief under the Trump administration.

Airlangga has previously said the U.S. agreed to cut reciprocal tariffs on Indonesian goods from 32% to 19%, supported by import concessions and purchase commitments, though details will only be released after the deal is signed.

The tariff talks began in April 2025 and covered market access, non-tariff barriers, investment and critical minerals cooperation. Once signed, the agreement will be reported to lawmakers in both countries.

Indonesia ran a $16.5 billion trade surplus with the United States in the January to November 2025 period, up from nearly $13 billion in all of 2024, underscoring the economic stakes of the deal.

Indonesia’s financial regulatory environment is undergoing renewed scrutiny following leadership changes at the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The issue centres on how regulatory continuity will be maintained while advancing reforms aimed at improving market stability and investor confidence. The discussion reflects broader concerns about governance, oversight capacity, and the pace at which Indonesia’s financial system can adapt to domestic and global pressures. The topic has become a focal point for policymakers and market observers alike as Indonesia positions itself within regional and global financial markets.

President Prabowo outlines strategic direction at national coordination meeting

At a National Coordination Meeting, President Prabowo Subianto set out strategic directions for government ministries and state institutions. The meeting emphasised alignment across sectors, signalling the administration’s intent to consolidate authority and streamline execution of national priorities. While the briefing does not enumerate specific policy instruments, the framing highlights coordination as a central governance challenge and a defining feature of Prabowo’s early leadership approach.

Prabowo engages former KPK chair Abraham Samad on corruption eradication

Corruption eradication re-entered the political spotlight following dialogue between President Prabowo and Abraham Samad, former chairman of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). The engagement underscores persistent public and institutional concern over the effectiveness of Indonesia’s anti-corruption framework. The discussion reflects tensions between political power, enforcement independence, and public trust, all of which remain unresolved structural issues in Indonesian governance .

International spotlight on Riza Chalid as red notice is issued

Indonesia’s anti-corruption efforts extended beyond its borders with the issuance of a red notice for Riza Chalid , marking a significant international dimension to a domestic corruption case. The development positions Indonesia within global law enforcement cooperation mechanisms and raises questions about accountability for high-profile individuals. The case has drawn attention due to its cross-border implications and its symbolic weight in demonstrating the state’s willingness to pursue suspects internationally.

Electoral system under review as parliamentary threshold debate intensifies

Indonesia’s electoral framework is under renewed debate, particularly around the parliamentary threshold and broader electoral reforms. Lawmakers and political stakeholders are questioning whether current thresholds fairly balance political representation with governability. This debate unfolds alongside concerns over money politics and election integrity in regions such as Kalimantan, indicating systemic challenges that extend beyond legal thresholds to enforcement and political culture.

The policy was formalised late last year through Circular Letter No. 6 of 2025, issued by the Ministry of Forestry’s Directorate General of Natural Resources and Ecosystem Conservation.

Facilities that fail to comply face the risk of having their operating permits revoked, according to the Bali Natural Resources Conservation Agency, which has been monitoring enforcement. 

Mason Elephant Park in Bali, one of the last venues still offering elephant rides, halted the activity on January 25 after receiving official warnings and has begun transitioning to alternative tourism activities.

World Animal Protection said the move marked a turning point for captive elephants in Indonesia. 

Suzanne Milthorpe, head of campaigns for World Animal Protection ANZ, described the move as a “world-leading step to safeguarding the dignity of wild animals."

She said the decision sent “a strong signal to the wider tourism industry that we're entering a new chapter of more responsible wildlife tourism,” adding that it represented “a wonderful win for elephants.”

Elephant riding, the group noted, is widely recognised by animal welfare experts as harmful, often involving painful training methods, restrictions on natural behaviour and long-term physical and psychological damage. 

Ending the practice, it added, removes the need for such treatment and allows elephants to spend more time socialising, grazing and bathing.

Milthorpe said the ban followed “years of tireless advocacy and on-the-ground engagement,” including support from more than 10,000 Indonesians, Australians and New Zealanders who signed the group’s petition calling on Mason Elephant Park to end elephant riding.

World Animal Protection said the directive aligns Indonesia with a growing global expectation that tourism should be responsible and humane, with wildlife encounters focused on education and conservation rather than direct contact.

The organisation said the decision would help travellers make clearer ethical choices and urged tourists to avoid venues that exploit animals. 

Although it welcomed the ban, the group said the move should form part of a broader regional push to end other forms of cruel wildlife entertainment , and called on governments and industry leaders elsewhere to follow Indonesia’s example.

The death toll from a landslide in Indonesia’s West Java province rose to 17 on Monday, as search and rescue operations entered a third day, disaster officials said. The landslide, triggered by heavy rain, struck a village in West Bandung regency early on Saturday, burying homes and forcing dozens of residents to evacuate. The National Disaster Mitigation Agency said around 80 people were still missing as of Sunday, with no updated figure provided. Rescuers are working cautiously amid unstable ground and ongoing bad weather, which have raised fears of further landslides. Thousands of personnel and heavy equipment have been deployed to locate victims.

Indonesia finishes second at ASEAN Para Games with 135 gold medals

Indonesia finished second in the final medal standings of the 2025 ASEAN Para Games , winning 135 gold, 143 silver and 114 bronze medals across 18 sports contested from January 19 to 25 in Thailand. The result exceeded the government’s target of 82 gold medals and surpassed expectations after consistent performances throughout the week-long competition. Para athletics led Indonesia’s medal haul with 44 golds, followed by para swimming with 29 golds. Strong contributions also came from para badminton, para powerlifting and para judo. Indonesia had aimed to finish at least in the top three.

Environment ministry sues six firms over North Sumatra disaster

Indonesia’s Ministry of Environment has filed a civil lawsuit against six companies in North Sumatra, seeking Rp4.9 trillion (US$282 million) in damages for allegedly worsening hydrometeorological disasters in the province. Environment Minister Hanif Faisol Nurofiq said the case is being processed in court and more lawsuits will follow against other entities. The ministry is also investigating possible criminal offences by companies in Aceh and North Sumatra with the National Police. Authorities are monitoring 68 companies across Aceh, North Sumatra and West Sumatra, all of which have received administrative sanctions requiring mandatory environmental audits as part of wider enforcement efforts nationwide.

ATM numbers fall as digital banking accelerates

Indonesia’s ATM network is expected to keep shrinking as digital banking and cashless payments gain ground, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) said. OJK chief banking supervisor Dian Ediana Rae said banks are cutting physical infrastructure in response to changing customer behaviour driven by financial technology. OJK data show the number of ATMs and related machines fell to 89,774 units in the third quarter of 2025, from 91,173 a year earlier, a net drop of nearly 1,400 machines. Rae said mobile and online banking have reduced the need for cash withdrawals, while banks are prioritising efficiency by expanding digital services. The shift supports Indonesia’s move towards a more cashless economy.

Indonesia receives first batch of fighter jets from France

Indonesia has received three Rafale fighter jets from France, marking the first delivery under a 2021 defence deal, the defence ministry said on Monday. The aircraft arrived on Friday, with a formal handover ceremony to be held later. Three additional jets are expected to arrive this year. Indonesia has ordered 42 Rafales worth $8.1 billion as part of efforts to modernise its military amid rising regional tensions. Jakarta has also agreed to buy two French-made Scorpene-class submarines, to be built domestically with technology transfer.

A recently studied hand stencil from Liang Metanduno cave on Muna Island, southeast of Sulawesi, has been dated to at least 67,800 years ago. If confirmed, it would be the oldest known example of cave art anywhere in the world .

The stencil is part of a wider network of rock art sites across Muna and neighbouring Buton Island. While the pigment is heavily faded, researchers identified clear traces of fingers and palm, indicating deliberate human marking rather than natural staining.

Taken together, the cave paintings suggest early humans in the region were not only capable seafarers, but also abstract thinkers — using art to express identity, belief or social meaning long before written history began.

The findings strengthen evidence that early humans in Southeast Asia were producing symbolic art tens of thousands of years earlier than once believed, challenging long-held views that such behaviour first emerged in Europe.

How it was dated

To establish its age, scientists analysed mineral deposits that formed over the artwork using uranium-series dating. This method provides a minimum age, meaning the painting could be significantly older than the figure reported.

The discoveries also carry implications for human migration. Sulawesi lies along the route early humans likely took as they moved from mainland Asia towards Australia via the ancient Sahul landmass. The presence of advanced art supports the idea that these populations had complex cognitive abilities before reaching Australia.

Some researchers caution that questions remain over which human species created the artworks, noting that Denisovans and early Homo sapiens may have shared similar artistic capacities. Others argue the dating methods are robust and consistent across multiple sites.

The Board of Peace, announced by Trump as part of his renewed foreign policy agenda, is framed as an alternative diplomatic mechanism aimed at resolving major international conflicts, including the war in Gaza and broader Middle East tensions.

According to reporting by Al Jazeera, participation in the board is by invitation, with countries free to accept or reject based on their political alignment and strategic interests.

Who has joined

The map shows a mixed response across regions. Several countries in the Middle East, parts of Asia, and Latin America have accepted invitations , viewing the board as a potential channel for influence or de-escalation:

Morocco, Argentina, Hungary and Belarus have also agreed to join, raising the number of countries that have confirmed participation to at least 24.

Countries that have rejected

In contrast, several prominent European and North American allies have explicitly declined the invitation, underlining scepticism about the initiative’s structure and neutrality. Countries that have rejected participation include:

In the same way, several other countries, including the UK, Italy, Japan, China and Russia, have been invited but have yet to take a stand on participation.

The Board of Peace gained prominence after Trump publicly linked it to efforts to end the war in Gaza, alongside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

Work on the Jakarta section is set to begin in September. The capital’s 19-kilometre stretch — expanded from an earlier 12-kilometre design — is expected to cost about $1 billion a year over eight years, with Jakarta asked to fund the segment because of its large regional budget.

President Prabowo Subianto revived the long-stalled plan last year by declaring it a national strategic project.

Jakarta Governor Pramono Anung said the city “fully supports the project,” arguing that extreme flooding and seawater intrusion have left officials with limited options.

Sinking Indonesia

First proposed in 1994, the wall is meant to address a convergence of crises along Java’s northern coast: climate-driven sea-level rise, chronic land subsidence and decades of unchecked groundwater extraction that have caused parts of Jakarta and other cities to sink rapidly.

A 2023 study found that several northern Javan cities are subsiding at least nine times faster than the global average rate of sea-level rise, intensifying tidal flooding and erosion in densely populated coastal areas.

For the government, the wall will protect millions of residents and key industrial zones, ports and transport links that underpin Indonesia’s economy . 

Pramono said the Jakarta segment would use a hybrid design combining concrete structures with nature-based solutions, including mangrove restoration, to blunt waves and reduce erosion.

“Despite the name ‘giant sea wall’, I will still develop mangrove ecosystems along Jakarta’s sections of the wall,” he told The Jakarta Post.

Environmental groups remain unconvinced, however, warning that a massive barrier could disrupt fisheries, worsen ecological damage and serve elite economic interests. The Indonesian Forum for the Environment has called the project a “false solution” to the climate crisis.

Fisheries and marine science professor Yonvitner of Bogor Agricultural University said concrete defences were increasingly unavoidable, but stressed they would fail without ecological measures.

According to the report titled "Savoury Snacks Leaders in Indonesia", 56% of consumers cite taste as the single most important factor when choosing a savoury snack, far ahead of any other attribute.

Health considerations matter, but they come second. 42.3% of respondents prioritise health factors, reinforcing that healthier positioning complements taste rather than replacing it. Only 1.6% say they are unsure what drives their snack choices, underlining how clearly defined consumer preferences are in this category.

SilverQueen leads in taste, quality, and overall brand strength

SilverQueen emerges as the category reference brand by leading or co-leading across the attributes that matter most to consumers.

On ingredient quality, SilverQueen ranks first with 52.7%, ahead of Chitato at 44.5% and Delfi at 44.2%. This gap signals a strong perception advantage that extends beyond marginal differences.

Taste performance follows a similar pattern. SilverQueen leads with 45.1%, while Beng Beng follows at 41%. Garuda Peanuts and Tango cluster closely behind at 38.4% and 38.3%, highlighting a competitive upper tier but a clear leader.

Value perception shows tighter competition. SilverQueen still leads at 40%, but Beng Beng and Tango both score 37.8%, with Malkist Roma at 37.7% and Garuda Peanuts at 37.6%. Consumers see value as widely available, but only a few brands manage to rise clearly above the rest.

Fun and variety are not competitive

On being a fun brand, SilverQueen and Tango share the top position at 33.8%, followed by Beng Beng at 32.4%. Kacang Dua Kelinci and Malkist Roma follow closely at 31.3% and 31%. Most brands fall within a narrow range between the high 20s and low 30s, showing limited differentiation.

Flavour variety follows the same pattern. Yupi leads with 27.4%, but the margin is modest. Chitato follows at 25.3%, with Malkist Roma at 24.6% and Kopiko at 23.6%. Many brands sit between 21% and 23%, confirming that variety is expected rather than distinctive.

Health perceptions are uneven

Garuda Peanuts leads perceptions of being healthier than competitors at 36.7%. Kacang Dua Kelinci and SilverQueen follow closely at 33.3% each. Several brands score around 30%, while others fall below 25%, showing uneven credibility across the category.

This reinforces a strategic choice for brands. Health can be a differentiator, but only when pursued clearly and consistently.

The Impactum Insights Brand Image Report was based on survey responses from about 1,094 Indonesian adults.

Indonesia has strengthened its crackdown on illegal mining as part of efforts to protect the environment, enforce immigration laws and curb criminal activity. Under Indonesian law, foreign nationals are prohibited from engaging in gold exploration, mining, processing or trading in any individual capacity. Violations can result in prison sentences of up to five years and fines of up to 100 billion rupiah (approximately US$6.4 million).

The Chinese Embassy warned its citizens not to be misled by claims that mining operations have “powerful backers” or that local disputes have been “settled.” It described the gold mining sector as highly risky, with complex power dynamics and serious security threats.

“Any foreign citizen involved in these activities is considered to be engaging in illegal gold mining ,” the embassy said, adding that such actions can breach mining, immigration, forestry and environmental laws at the same time.

The advisory urged Chinese nationals to strictly comply with Indonesian regulations and avoid all forms of illegal mining, including so-called “private gold mines” or informal cooperative sites. It also warned against involvement in related activities such as transporting or selling illegally mined gold.

Indonesian authorities have stated that the crackdown is necessary to protect local communities and ecosystems, particularly in resource-rich yet fragile regions.

They’re also handed out in clinics, promoted in public health campaigns, and discussed openly in school curricula. So when a map asks, “Are condoms legal?”, the expected answer feels obvious.

Until you look closer.

The above map shows a world almost entirely shaded green, meaning yes, condoms are legal, with one country standing out in red. That country is Afghanistan.

International organisations , including the World Health Organisation and UNAIDS, have over the years consistently emphasised the role of condoms in preventing sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, and reducing unintended pregnancies.

Under the Taliban government, Afghanistan has banned the sale and use of condoms . Reports indicate that pharmacies have been instructed to remove condoms from their shelves, with authorities arguing that contraceptives promote immoral behaviour and contradict their interpretation of religious values.

The consequences of this decision go beyond symbolism. In a country already facing fragile healthcare systems and limited access to medical services , the removal of condoms significantly weakens efforts to prevent sexually transmitted infections and manage reproductive health.

While Afghanistan stands alone in outright prohibition, several other countries operate in grey areas where condoms are legal yet difficult to access or socially discouraged.

In places like Indonesia and the Philippines, condoms are lawful, but strong cultural and religious pressures often limit their promotion and use .

In parts of Nigeria, promoting condom use can itself be restricted, undermining public health campaigns. North Korea is also reported to tightly control the production and sale of condoms, even if possession is not explicitly criminalised.

Caring for such a large number of animals comes at a high cost. Sutrisno says the shelter consumes about 100 kilograms of rice a day, along with large quantities of chicken, to ensure the animals are fed. Managing these daily needs has become one of her biggest challenges.

To keep the shelter running, Sutrisno relies on selling crackers and receiving donations, adjusting her work to ensure food supplies do not run out. Indonesia continues to face widespread issues with stray animals, particularly in areas with limited access to veterinary care, though measures such as bans on the dog and cat meat trade and Trap-Neuter-Release programmes have been introduced in some regions.

The flagship project of President Prabowo Subianto, the free nutritious meal programme, known by its Indonesian acronym MBG, is already feeding 55 million children , pregnant women and new mothers. Currently the second largest project of its kind in the world, after a similar project in India, it has grown exponentially over the past 12 months by harnessing private partnerships to create nearly 20,000 kitchens around the country.

The man in charge of the project, Dadan Hindayana, told Global South World that the impact was already being felt through higher school attendance rates and a boost to local economies.

"This is a very huge impact to the economy because once a service unit is built, it means 50 people will be joined directly in the service unit as the workers. And then we need one service unit, need a minimum of 15 suppliers for the supply of all materials. Just like rice, eggs, chicken, and so on and so on, vegetable, also fruit. Each day, we need 200 kilograms of rice, 350 kilograms of vegetables, 350 kilograms of fruit and also we need 3,000 eggs."

Each meal station also has its own nutritionist, tasked with finding the best combination of local ingredients to meet nutritional needs — particularly around protein — using locally sourced produce. Teams have even produced recipe books showcasing local cuisine based on their offerings. Each meal is budgeted at 15,000 rupiah, a little under one US dollar, and Dadan says nutritional value is the first priority, but creating meals that children enjoy is also key.

Crisis relief

When the country was hit by a massive cyclone at the end of last year, another benefit of the programme was revealed. With hundreds of thousands of people impacted by severe flooding, the food centres swung into action. Hundreds of kitchens operated at full capacity, producing millions of meals over the past month, he said.

"We already train the people, we have the logistics, and we have infrastructure. When the tragedy comes, we're ready."

With such an ambitious project and such tight timescales, Dadan accepts that some problems were inevitable. The programme has gained media attention as a result of a number of food poisoning incidents. Around half were attributable to the use of unclean water , he says, resulting in a new directive permitting use only of water certified as safe to drink. The rest of the incidents were the result of poor food hygiene processes, according to Dadan, who says that clear operating procedures have now been mandated.

The number of incidents is declining, he reports, and he has pledged to eliminate the problem in 2026.

Dadan said private and public benefactors had been crucial to the success of the programme, but also highlighted Prabowo's insistence on protecting its budget against many competing interests. The project has been allocated Rp335 trillion ($20 billion) for 2026.

Although born late last year, Rio has drawn renewed attention in recent days after the park and authorities released new images and updates on his development, bringing the conservation success into the international spotlight. The cub is being closely monitored by veterinarians and remains under the care of his mother, Hu Chun, as he is still blind and deaf in his early development.

Officials say Rio’s birth highlights advances in panda conservation as well as strengthening diplomatic ties between Indonesia and China. With this success, Indonesia becomes the fourth country in Asia outside China to breed a giant panda in captivity, joining Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand .

Indonesian police in West Java detained about a dozen suspects in mid-2025, accusing them of running an illegal network that allegedly trafficked newborn babies, mainly to Singapore. Local authorities believe the syndicate had been operating since 2023 and may have moved at least 25 infants.

Singaporean authorities said they have asked Indonesia’s police and social affairs ministry to share investigation findings and are assisting with inquiries at Indonesia’s request. The police are also checking information related to three Singaporeans allegedly linked to the case.

While investigations continue, some adoption-related processes in Singapore have been affected. Officials said citizenship applications for children linked to the case have been delayed, and adoptive parents are being engaged to explain the situation.

The Singapore government acknowledged the anxiety caused to families involved and said it is working to resolve cases as quickly as possible while safeguarding the welfare of the children.

Both governments say the review aims to ensure that adoption processes are lawful, transparent and focused on the best interests of the children, while holding any individuals involved in trafficking fully accountable.

According to the latest international trade data for complete wigs of synthetic textile materials, China and Indonesia stand out as the largest exporters by value in recent years.

In 2022 trade records , China shipped more than $247 million worth of synthetic wigs globally, followed closely by Indonesia with about $209 million in exports. Germany, the U.S. and the Philippines also feature among the top sources.

These figures align closely with the percentages shown in the image above, where China accounts for nearly half of the exported wig value and Indonesia for over a quarter.

Market research firms project global demand for synthetic wigs could nearly double over the next decade as consumers seek affordable, low-maintenance hair alternatives for fashion, medical hair loss solutions, and cultural reasons. Some forecasts estimate the synthetic wig segment alone could grow at a steady rate through 2032.

What this means is that countries with strong textile and manufacturing bases are in a good position to benefit from future demand. China’s large production capacity has made it the dominant exporter, but Indonesia’s rising share highlights how regional players can challenge long-established supply routes.

Platforms like Alibaba are now central hubs for sourcing synthetic wig products directly from manufacturers. Alibaba lists hundreds of synthetic wig products available for export from Chinese suppliers, making it a starting point for buyers from small boutique owners to larger distributors.

The synthetic wig segment exists within the broader beauty and personal care industry. Major public companies like Shiseido (a Japanese global cosmetics conglomerate) appear on industry rankings, including the broader Forbes Global 2000 list of the largest global companies by sales and assets. While not a wig manufacturer itself, Shiseido’s presence underscores how beauty and personal care products are core drivers of consumer spend globally.

Beauty giants ranked in the Global 2000 set the tone for trends and distribution norms, but the wig segment itself is largely made up of smaller specialised manufacturers and suppliers, particularly in Asia, who serve global retail and wholesale markets.

For retailers, salon owners, and e-commerce entrepreneurs, understanding where synthetic wigs come from helps optimise sourcing and pricing strategies. China and Indonesia’s export dominance suggests suppliers in these regions are scaling production, refining logistics, and tapping emerging markets in Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

According to Edy Eko Putranto, Director General for Residence Permits at the Immigration Department, at least five people have already applied for the programme, though their applications are still under review.

“We are involving a team to make those reviews first. We have to find out whether these people are eligible or not,” Edy told state news agency Antara.

Who qualifies?

Eligibility for the GCI programme extends beyond former Indonesian citizens. It also includes: Children and grandchildren of former Indonesian nationals, spouses of Indonesian citizens, and children born to marriages between Indonesian citizens and foreigners. However, the programme comes with strict exclusions. It does not apply to individuals from territories that were once part of Indonesia, nor to people linked to separatist movements. Those who have served as civil servants, intelligence officers or military personnel in foreign countries are also barred from applying.

What does it offer?

Successful applicants will receive an unlimited stay permit, allowing them to live and work in Indonesia without the need for repeated visa renewals. While it stops short of full citizenship, the permit provides long-term legal stability and access to employment benefits that many in the Indonesian diaspora have long sought.

Officials have described the scheme as a practical alternative to dual citizenship, balancing national sovereignty concerns with the desire to attract skills, investment and cultural ties from overseas Indonesians.

Under the regulation, platforms will be required to enforce minimum age requirements for users and restrict children’s access based on the level of risk posed by each service. 

The government will classify platforms into risk categories, with stricter limits applied to high-risk services such as social media.

Children aged 13 to 16 will be subject to differentiated access controls depending on a platform’s risk profile, Communications and Digital Minister Meutya Hafid said, adding that the government will publish an official list of high- and low-risk platforms.

PP Tunas also prohibits platforms from profiling children or collecting, analysing and exploiting their personal data, marking one of the strongest child data protections introduced in Indonesia to date.

Platforms that breach the rules will face escalating administrative sanctions , starting with formal warnings, followed by fines and, in severe or repeated cases, the termination of access to their services in Indonesia.

The government has completed public consultations on the implementing guidelines and has begun pilot testing the rules with child users in several regions ahead of full enforcement.

Officials said the regulation is designed to apply across the entire digital ecosystem rather than targeting social media alone, placing obligations on platforms to actively protect children from online risks once the rules come into force in 2026.

Indonesian police said the arrest followed an investigation into two suspicious packages sent to Ahchee from England . Authorities believe he intended to distribute the drugs locally, although Ahchee denied knowing the packages contained cocaine.

Delivering the verdict on Thursday, Judge Tjokorda Putra Budi Pastima said the large quantity of drugs posed a serious risk to public safety and could harm Bali’s tourism industry. The court also cited Ahchee’s lack of cooperation during the investigation as an aggravating factor.

The sentence was harsher than prosecutors had requested. In addition to the prison term, Ahchee was fined two billion rupiah (about US$120,000).

Indonesia has some of the world’s strictest drug laws and remains a major target for international trafficking networks, according to the United Nations . More than 500 people, including dozens of foreigners, are currently on death row in the country, most for drug-related offences.

Putin noted that defence cooperation between the two countries remains strong, with Indonesian military personnel currently undergoing training at Russian institutions. “Our military departments have direct bilateral ties… at the level of good professional interaction, and we are ready to expand this cooperation,” he said.

The Russian leader also congratulated Indonesia on joining the BRICS group in January and reaffirmed support for negotiations between Jakarta and the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) on a potential free trade zone.

Subianto’s official visit to Moscow focused on strengthening the Russian-Indonesian strategic partnership and discussing key international and regional developments, according to the Kremlin.

The World Visualised Brand Report , powered by Impactum Insights research, is based on a survey of 1,094 Indonesian internet users to benchmark the industry's performance. The findings paint a picture of a maturing market where technical reliability is now a baseline expectation, and brand differentiation is driven by innovation, value, and care.

Request the report for free using the form below

The report examines consumer perspectives on coverage, performance, customer services , innovation and price across brands such as Telkomsel, XL Axiata, Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison and Smartfren.

Industry outlook

The report concludes that network speed and coverage remain the primary drivers of influence,. However, with customer service scores tightly clustered among the top three providers, the industry has reached a "perception plateau," where differentiation will increasingly depend on personalized experiences rather than technical claims alone.

Request the report for free using the form

The report, which surveyed 1,094 internet users across Indonesia, evaluates consumer perceptions across 16 major brands, revealing a landscape where trust and functionality currently trump emotional attachment. It is powered by the flexible and intelligent reseach solutions of Impactum Insights .

The top two

Honda and Toyota have cemented their status as the unparalleled "benchmark tier" of the Indonesian automotive industry. These two giants lead the market not just in general awareness, but across nearly all critical performance metrics including quality, reliability, safety, and heritage.

Honda emerges as the strongest overall brand, securing the top spot in the "Top 10 Best Car Brands" list perceived by consumers. The list covers consumer perceptions around safety, technical advancement, reliability, design and pricing.

While Toyota comes in a clear second, there are variations across categories with Chinese and other international carmakers, showing strength across different dimensions.

The mid tier

Below the market leaders lies a congested mid-tier containing brands such as Suzuki, Hyundai, Nissan, Daihatsu, Mazda, and Isuzu. The report describes a "perception plateau" in this segment, particularly regarding design and innovation. In categories like "value for money" and "design," the scores for these mid-tier brands are tightly compressed, indicating that consumers struggle to differentiate between them.

However, newer entrants are beginning to disrupt specific categories.

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The 2025 landscape presents a clear hierarchy. Honda and Toyota are the safe harbours of the industry, offering a combination of heritage and performance that creates a high barrier to entry. However, challengers are developing their own strengths.

For the newer entrants, the challenge is no longer just about building better cars, but about building visibility. As the report concludes, without stronger consumer education to close the awareness gap, positive product credentials will fail to translate into market share.

Indonesia, the world’s largest archipelago , stretches between Asia and Oceania, with the easternmost islands of Papua forming its easternmost reach. According to the CIA World Factbook, Indonesia encompasses over 17,000 islands, making its transcontinental footprint both vast and culturally diverse.

Russia remains the most iconic transcontinental nation, divided between Europe and Asia by the Ural Mountains. Roughly 77% of Russia’s landmass lies in Asia, but 75% of its population resides in the European portion, a contrast that has historically shaped its foreign policy and identity. Russia uses its European–Asian reach to justify political involvement across two major regions, shaping both European security and Asian energy strategies.

Egypt, long celebrated as the cradle of ancient civilisation, bridges Africa and Asia through the Sinai Peninsula. This region, in global headlines due to Red Sea tensions and shifting trade routes, underscores Egypt’s strategic role. Egypt’s Suez Canal handles about 12% of global trade. Current Houthi attacks in the Red Sea show how dependent the world still is on Egypt’s geography.

Kazakhstan, the world’s largest landlocked country, spans both Europe and Asia with a small but symbolically important portion west of the Ural River. Since the launch of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, Kazakhstan has become a pivotal transit hub for Eurasian trade. Kazakhstan also profits from rail and pipeline routes linking Europe and Asia.

Panama, linking North and South America, owes its global prominence to the Panama Canal , which now faces pressure from drought-induced restrictions on international shipping. Its transcontinental nature enhances its geopolitical value as both a physical and economic connector.

And Turkey, positioned between Europe and Asia, remains a central player in current diplomatic efforts involving Ukraine, NATO expansion, and Middle Eastern stability. The Bosporus Strait, one of the most critical shipping lanes, literally divides the country into two continents.