The operation, led by the National Disaster Management Agency, has focused on areas surrounding Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II International Airport, where thick smoke has disrupted flights.

“Over the previous four days, we have achieved quite significant results,” said Colonel Asep Wahyu Wijaya, commander of Sri Mulyono Herlambang Air Base.

Officials reported that visibility improved from as low as 650 metres to approximately 6,000 metres following the operation.

Unlike conventional cloud seeding, which aims to stimulate rainfall, the technique is intended to disrupt atmospheric conditions that trap smoke near the ground.

However, authorities acknowledged that the haze often returns by evening, while experts warned that the operation does not address the fires responsible for the smoke.

The aerial intervention is scheduled to continue until October 25.

BNPB, Indonesia’s disaster management agency, listed 53,848 personnel in its October 13 operational dashboard. For that reporting day, it recorded 12 water-bombing sorties delivering 1,135,000 litres of water and seven weather-modification sorties using 6,800 kilograms of seeding material.

A wider international fire season

Indonesia’s operations come during a year of extensive fires in several parts of the world.

In the United States, 64,393 fires had burned approximately 3.66 million hectares by October 14, according to the National Interagency Fire Centre. The burned area was 143% of the ten-year average for that point in the year.

Across the European Union, Copernicus monitoring recorded 692,419 hectares burned by October 7—below the equivalent 2025 figure but above the long-term average. Its monitoring covers fires of approximately 30 hectares or larger, and its totals can differ from national statistics because of different methods and definitions.

Canada’s federal government reported 4.1 million hectares burned in its August update, illustrating the scale of the country’s fire season before the latest Indonesian operations.

Indonesia’s history of recurring fires

Indonesia’s burned area has fluctuated considerably between years. Forestry Ministry figures show approximately 1.65 million hectares burned in 2019, followed by lower totals before another increase in 2023.

These figures appear in a Forestry Ministry document published in 2026. They measure forest and land fires, rather than forest loss alone.

For 2026, BNPB figures reported on October 13 put the cumulative burned area across the six priority provinces at approximately 129,899 hectares. That regional figure is distinct from a nationwide annual total.

Who is fighting the fires?

BNPB’s October 13 dashboard gives the following personnel breakdown across the six provinces:

The same dashboard recorded 570.09 hectares burned during the preceding 24 hours.

Fighting flames on the ground and from the air

Ground teams pump water into affected areas, wet deeper peat layers, cool burned land and inspect remaining smoke points. BNPB has described using hoses, portable pumps and temporary water-storage facilities where supplies are limited.

Cloud-seeding aircraft support these operations by dispersing material into suitable existing clouds to encourage rainfall and wet wider areas of peatland. BNPB says the approach complements ground firefighting and reduces dependence on helicopters, whose operating costs and coverage limit their effectiveness.

Smoke remains an obstacle. In remarks reported on October 13, BNPB chief Suharyanto said poor visibility had prevented water-bombing helicopters in Central Kalimantan from operating for more than a week. Authorities were maintaining ground operations while preparing additional weather-modification aircraft for Central Kalimantan and South Sumatra.

Following an October 12 meeting, the Cabinet Secretariat said conditions had improved in the other four priority provinces. President Prabowo Subianto ordered authorities to deploy available resources to accelerate firefighting and prevent further spread.

Footage showed crews walking across the lower hillside as flames moved through dry vegetation. Thick smoke covered blackened slopes while teams used water tankers, portable sprayers and fire beaters to contain the blaze.

The fire started on Monday and spread quickly through the national park. Authorities closed three access routes and restricted sections of the tourist area as hundreds of personnel joined the operation.

"We are entering the third day of the firefighting efforts in the Mount Bromo area. Officers resumed suppression operations from early this morning until 16:30 this afternoon, and praise be to God, the fire is starting to die down," said a volunteer.

Crews also relied on basic equipment to stop the flames from spreading.

"Today, we were able to suppress the flames using makeshift equipment (fire beaters/kepyok to smash the fire and prevent it from spreading). We also had support from water spraying trucks provided by members of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) in the national park area," added another.

Strong winds and the park's rugged volcanic terrain made the operation more difficult. By Wednesday evening, firefighters said most of the affected area was under control, although some hotspots remained.

"As of today, there are still remaining spots of fire that have not been put out, although the vast majority of the burned area has been successfully controlled," noted Bambang Suriyono, Head of Administration Sub-division at the park, adding that the total area burned is approximately 51 hectares.

Residents and tourists were advised to avoid closed areas, follow instructions from park officials and emergency services , and refrain from using open flames while operations continued.