Together, these two projects are set to reshape how Africa connects within itself — and with the rest of the world.

Ethiopia’s Bishoftu is a mega hub in the making

Construction has officially begun on Bishoftu International Airport, a project aimed at addressing a significant issue: Addis Ababa Bole International Airport is expected to reach its capacity limit within two to three years.

Instead of trying to squeeze more out of an airport nearing its operational ceiling, Ethiopia is building a whole new one.

Bishoftu is being developed about 40–45 km southeast of Addis Ababa, and it’s not just an airport — it’s a full-blown $12.5 billion) “Airport City” project and everything about it is huge.

A scale Africa hasn’t seen before

The biggest headline is capacity. Bishoftu is designed to handle 110 million passengers annually, which is far beyond what any airport on the continent currently manages.

To put that in perspective, Africa’s busiest airport right now is O.R. Tambo International Airport in South Africa , and it handles over 20 million passengers. Bishoftu’s planned capacity completely changes the scale of what “Africa’s biggest airport” even means.

Built like a global transit powerhouse

The infrastructure is equally ambitious. The plan includes:

That aircraft parking capacity is more than quadruple what the existing Bole hub can handle.

The development includes a 38 km high-speed railway that will connect Bishoftu to Addis Ababa in just 25 minutes — a big deal for an airport located outside the capital.

Rwanda’s Bugesera is smaller, but very strategic

While Ethiopia is going for a continent-changing mega hub, Rwanda’s approach is different: high-standard growth with a clear strategic focus.

Rwanda is developing Bugesera International Airport , valued at about $2 billion, through a partnership between the Government of Rwanda and Qatar Airways, which holds a 60% stake.

That partnership signals just how seriously Rwanda is treating this project — not only as national infrastructure, but as a major aviation investment.

Built to grow in phases

Bugesera is being developed with a step-by-step plan:

It’s not trying to be the biggest in the world — but it’s clearly being built to scale up over time.

Designed to strengthen Rwanda’s regional role

Bugesera is also tied directly to Rwanda’s aviation ambitions.

The airport is expected to boost RwandAir, Rwanda’s state carrier, supporting its expansion into new markets — including the USA and various African nations.

In other words, the airport isn’t just a new building. It’s meant to help Rwanda compete harder in international aviation.

Africa’s aviation hierarchy

Currently, the largest airports in Africa are led by O.R. Tambo (South Africa), Cairo International (Egypt), with roughly 17 million passengers, and Addis Ababa Bole (Ethiopia) with approximately 12 to 25 million passengers.

The new projects in Ethiopia and Rwanda will stand out by significantly raising the ceiling for African aviation. 

Public debate in Grenada is intensifying around allegations that the government may be acting inconsistently with its own laws and regulatory obligations. According to the media briefing, questions are being raised about compliance with established legal procedures, particularly in relation to decision-making processes and statutory oversight. While the briefing does not detail specific statutes, the issue has gained traction because it touches directly on governance standards, transparency, and accountability—core principles underpinning public trust in state institutions. Observers note that even the perception of legal inconsistency can have broader implications for investor confidence and democratic credibility in small island states such as Grenada.

Local contractors face mounting financial and operational pressure

Grenadian contractors are reportedly experiencing growing difficulties , reflecting deeper structural challenges within the local construction and infrastructure sector. The briefing highlights that contractors are “in trouble,” a phrase that industry stakeholders interpret as encompassing delayed payments, cash flow constraints, and limited access to large public projects. These pressures come at a time when local firms are expected to play a central role in national development initiatives. The situation raises concerns about whether domestic businesses are being adequately supported and whether procurement practices are structured to strengthen local capacity rather than marginalise it.

Questions raised about Project Polaris and its relationship with PAHO

Project Polaris has come under renewed scrutiny , particularly regarding its relationship with the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO). The media briefing signals uncertainty or concern around how this relationship is structured and governed, prompting calls for greater clarity. Given PAHO’s role as a key regional health institution, any ambiguity surrounding partnerships tied to health-related projects is significant. Analysts suggest that clearer communication on roles, responsibilities, and accountability mechanisms would help reassure the public and stakeholders, especially in a post-pandemic context where health governance remains a sensitive and high-priority issue for Grenada.

Philippine lawmakers have concluded bicameral negotiations on the proposed P6.793 trillion ($115 billion) national budget for 2026 after months of delays. The House of Representatives and the Senate finalised the reconciled version at 2.22 a.m. on Thursday, following more than nine hours of deliberations. Senator Sherwin Gatchalian said the agreed budget was responsive to public needs and claimed it was free of corruption and overpriced items. Final discussions focused on funding for public works, unprogrammed appropriations and special-purpose funds. The budget will now move towards ratification by both chambers.

Senate to subpoena Meta over disinformation hearing absence

A Philippine Senate committee will issue a subpoena to Meta after the Facebook owner again failed to attend a hearing on proposed laws tackling online disinformation. Senator Rodante Marcoleta moved for compulsory attendance after Meta skipped Monday’s session on three bills covering false content, social media algorithms and organised “troll farms,” submitting only an excuse letter. Committee chair Robin Padilla criticised what he said was a pattern of absences since the 19th Congress. The move contrasted with TikTok, which sent a senior policy executive. Lawmakers say the measures form a coordinated response to the country’s escalating disinformation problem.

Filipinas claim historic SEA Games football gold 

The Philippines’ women’s national football team won its first-ever Southeast Asian Games gold medal after defeating defending champions Vietnam in a dramatic penalty shootout in Thailand. The final ended goalless after extra time, forcing penalties for the second consecutive match involving the Filipinas. Both teams converted their first five kicks before veteran Jackie Sawicki scored in sudden death. Goalkeeper Olivia McDaniel then sealed the title by saving Vietnam’s final attempt. 

Philippine court orders arrests over $1.7 million ghost flood control project

A Philippine court has issued arrest warrants against contractor Sarah Discaya and nine others over a P96 million ($1.7 million) flood control project that allegedly never began in Davao Occidental, President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. said on Thursday. The suspects face graft and malversation charges linked to a project in Barangay Culaman, involving officials and staff of the Department of Public Works and Highways’ local engineering office. Malversation is a non-bailable offence, meaning those charged face immediate detention. The Office of the Ombudsman filed the cases with a regional court earlier this month, with authorities signalling further prosecutions.

Historic thoroughfare set for long-awaited facelift

The long-delayed rehabilitation of EDSA, Metro Manila’s main thoroughfare and a key site of the 1986 “People Power” uprising, will begin on December 24, Philippine authorities said. Public Works Secretary Vince Dizon said the P6 billion project will take eight months, far shorter than earlier estimates of up to two years. Initial works will run overnight during the holiday period, when traffic is expected to be lighter. The overhaul will use stone mastic asphalt, a more durable material designed to withstand heavy loads and harsh weather. No changes to traffic rules are planned.

In an interview with London-based architecture magazine Dezeen , Fujimoto said that despite the Ring’s scale, sophistication and global attention, its timber is now largely destined for fuel.

The Grand Ring opened in April and closed with the expo in October. Built as a temporary landmark, it combined modular construction with traditional Japanese joinery and covered more than 61,000 square metres. 

Demolition began in early December, and only a 200-metre stretch is set to remain. 

Fujimoto said political leaders have effectively decided that around 70% of the timber will be chipped and burned, with roughly 20% potentially reused in smaller projects and just 10% preserved in place.

He described burning the wood as “the worst thing to do,” arguing that Japanese policymakers still lag behind global expectations on sustainability. He had hoped the Ring’s engineering would encourage authorities to keep it for longer. 

The structure was assembled using Nuki joints — traditional slots that allow timber beams to be removed, replaced, transported and rebuilt with relative ease. The technique has kept temples standing for centuries, and Fujimoto designed the Ring with the same long-term potential in mind. 

With a protective canopy and regular maintenance, he believes it could have lasted 50 to 100 years.

Yet the expo site was always planned as a temporary landscape, and officials appear determined to clear it quickly for redevelopment. Burning the timber is the fastest and cheapest option, even if it undermines the Ring’s sustainable design. 

Fujimoto said he disagreed with the basic policy of dismantling the entire expo venue, calling it a missed opportunity for smarter long-term planning. Still, he emphasised that his responsibility was to deliver the best possible architecture within the constraints he was given.

The Grand Ring is now undergoing the final stages of demolition — its vast timber frame reduced piece by piece, much of it soon to become fuel.

At the heart of the initiative is the recognition that a connected digital space could become one of Africa’s greatest strategic assets. By 2030, the continent is projected to host more than 1.5 billion people, most of whom will be young, mobile-centric, and eager for digital participation.

During the summit, member countries agreed to align their digital policies, regulatory frameworks and standards so that cross-border digital services, data flows, and startups can operate more seamlessly across Africa.

“Africa has the money, the investors, the startups, and the innovation, but too often, these ecosystems operate in silos. SANIA is here to bring them together and connect them,” Ralph Oyini, Director of Digital Transformation and Services at Smart Africa, said.

Additionally, Smart Africa's CEO, Lacina Koné, made an initial commitment to enable the scaling of African digital start-ups across borders, supported by a $115 million fund.

“We believe digital transformation can accelerate integration if we align our policies across borders,” Koné said .

The project, championed by the Smart Africa Alliance since 2013, has grown into a coordinated movement involving 42 member states.

What once sounded like a distant vision is now taking shape through platforms such as SANIA, which connects African startups with investors, and the Smart Africa Data Exchange (SADX), a cross-border data interoperability pilot currently running in Benin, Ghana and Rwanda.

Now, this push is important because each African country has its digital laws, data-protection rules, telecom standards, and ICT policies. This fragmentation makes it difficult for digital services, startups, mobile money systems, and data to move easily across borders.

A unified market would allow a digital identity issued in Nairobi to work seamlessly in Abidjan, or a fintech from Accra to scale across borders without navigating dozens of regulatory hurdles.

Other expensive countries include Cameroon, where broadband costs hover around $57 to $58 per month, largely driven by major network providers like MTN.

Kenya and South Africa follow at about $48, while Morocco averages $35 and Nigeria about $22, with names like Maroc Telecom and Spectranet leading the charge.

The high cost of internet services in Africa is mostly attributed to several interlinked factors, including weak infrastructure, limited competition among service providers, and heavy reliance on imported bandwidth.

This challenge, some analysts believe, could be subdued by Elon Musk's Starlink's presence in Africa.

"Due to Africa’s geographical size and the still weak terrestrial infrastructure, the company could play a prominent role in providing last-mile access to communities across the continent," Diplo states in its Status of Internet Access and Connectivity in Africa report .

Unlike continents with dense fibre-optic networks, much of Africa relies on satellite connectivity and undersea cables , both costly to build and maintain.

In countries such as Ghana, Nigeria, and Malawi, local internet service providers (ISPs) must pay high wholesale prices to access international bandwidth, costs that are inevitably passed down to consumers.

Monopolistic tendencies within certain markets also prevent healthy competition. In other words, in many countries, just a handful of major network providers in Africa control the market , keeping prices high and competition low.

In comparison to the West, people in Switzerland pay about $68 with Swisscom; Australians $52 with OC Broadband. Germany’s average is $36, Canada’s $58, and the UK sits around $39, all for much faster, more reliable connections.

Additionally, the World Population Review reports that "Residents of the United Arab Emirates pay the highest average internet cost at $98.84 per month worldwide, followed by nearby Qatar at $92.04 monthly. There’s a substantial drop to third place, Oman, where people spend an average of $76.99 per month on the internet. Honduras takes fourth place ($72.28), followed by Saudi Arabia ($70.75). The United States sits in sixth place at $67.57 per month. Of the ten most expensive nations, half are located in the Middle East."

The latest rankings show China dominating the list of the world’s longest bridges, while smaller nations like Bahrain continue to prove that strategic infrastructure can matter just as much as size.

According to recent data compiled by World Visualized , the Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge in China remains the longest bridge on Earth, stretching an astonishing 164.8 kilometres.

It’s followed closely by the Changhua–Kaohsiung Viaduct at 157.3 kilometres and the Tianjin Grand Bridge at 113.7 kilometres, all part of China’s high-speed rail network. These mega-projects, which took years to complete, are celebrated not just for their scale but for their role in supporting one of the world’s busiest transportation systems.

But while China leads in sheer length, other regions are investing strategically in connectivity. The King Fahad Causeway, for instance, remains one of the Middle East ’s most important links. Spanning 25 kilometres, it connects Bahrain and Saudi Arabia across the Gulf of Bahrain. Since opening in 1986, it has transformed trade, tourism, and the labour movement between the two kingdoms

The Kingdom of Bahrain, though small, continues to prioritise high-impact infrastructure . The Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications (MTT) outlines in its vision that transport is central to achieving Bahrain’s Economic Vision 2030, a national strategy aimed at sustainable development and diversified growth.

From roads and bridges to ports and smart mobility systems, Bahrain is positioning itself as a Gulf logistics hub rather than competing for the world’s longest spans.

Among Bahrain’s notable projects is Durrat Al Bahrain, a luxury island development featuring 13 bridges totalling 3.5 kilometres. These bridges may be modest in length compared to Asia’s megastructures, but they represent a commitment to modern urban design and connectivity within the kingdom.

Beyond what already exists, Bahrain’s strategic location continues to attract regional transport investments. The long-discussed Qatar–Bahrain Causeway, projected to stretch about 40 kilometres, could soon become one of the world’s longest sea bridges. Once completed, it would link Bahrain directly to Qatar, easing travel, enhancing trade, and strengthening regional cooperation.

A growing number of Philippine senators are urging the reinstatement of former senator Panfilo “Ping” Lacson to the Blue Ribbon Committee, the body known for investigating government corruption. Lawmakers believe Lacson’s experience and reputation for integrity would lend credibility to ongoing probes into major irregularities. His possible return comes as multiple agencies face scrutiny for alleged misuse of public funds in infrastructure and procurement projects.

Lacson asserts that the government’s fight against corruption serves all Filipinos

In a related development, Lacson stressed that the government’s anti-corruption drive should benefit “all Filipinos, not just businesses.” He noted that corruption undermines public welfare and economic confidence. His statement followed renewed public debate over corruption in flood control projects, procurement processes, and campaign financing. Lacson called for consistency in the enforcement of laws to ensure accountability at all levels of government.

Government prepares jail cells for flood control corruption suspects

The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) announced that regular jail facilities have been readied for individuals accused in the flood control corruption case, underscoring the administration’s seriousness in addressing the scandal. The DILG said that no special treatment will be afforded to those implicated, amid criticism that high-profile offenders often avoid standard detention conditions. The department emphasized that justice must be seen to be fair and consistent to rebuild public trust.

Public trust in government plunges amid corruption controversy

A new nationwide poll has revealed a significant decline in public trust in government institutions during the third quarter of 2025. The drop follows a wave of corruption scandals linked to infrastructure projects and campaign financing. Analysts say the findings reflect rising public frustration with the slow pace of reforms and transparency efforts. Business and civil society groups are pressing President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. to take stronger action to restore confidence.

Business sector urges Marcos to take decisive anti-corruption measures

Major business groups have issued a joint statement calling on President Marcos to take “swift and decisive action” against what they describe as “unprecedented levels of corruption.” They warn that continued inaction could damage investor confidence and slow economic recovery. The Department of Budget and Management (DBM) has also reminded contractors and bidders that “shady schemes” will not succeed under the newly implemented procurement law. The government says the reforms aim to close loopholes that previously allowed irregularities to flourish.

According to The Blackout Report, India’s blackout in July 2012 impacted 670 million people, Pakistan’s blackout in January 2023 hit 244 million (almost its whole population), Bangladesh’s October 2022 outage affected 140 million, and Indonesia’s 2005 incident cut power to 100 million.

India’s 2012 blackout — The largest in human history

In July 2012, India experienced what remains the biggest power outage in history, cutting electricity to more than 670 million people, nearly half of its population.

The collapse began when a key 400 kV transmission line between Bina, Gwalior, and Agra failed, triggering a cascading breakdown that crippled three of India’s five regional grids.

Trains stopped mid-journey, traffic signals failed, hospitals ran on emergency power, and millions were left stranded at railway stations in the sweltering July heat. Water pumping systems also failed, leaving many without access to clean water.

It took nearly 15 hours to restore 80% of power in the affected regions, and the episode became a wake-up call for India’s power sector. The blackout led to immediate reforms, including tighter coordination between regional grids, better load forecasting, and investments in “smart grid” systems.

What happened in Pakistan in 2023

On January 23, 2023, Pakistan experienced one of the most dramatic grid collapses in modern history. The outage began around 7:34 a.m. local time when sudden fluctuations in grid frequency caused transmission lines to trip and disconnect southern and northern systems. Over 11365 MW of power was lost, and most of the country plunged into darkness.

In many areas, power stayed off for over 12 hours, and in some rural zones, outages stretched to 24 or even 72 hours. In its aftermath, authorities launched a full investigation.

The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) held six entities accountable, including the national transmission company, generator operators, and hydropower stations. Weak protection systems, mismatched generation schedules, and poor coordination all contributed to the cascade collapse.

Every day life suffered as hospitals ran on backup generators, communications networks faltered, and water pump systems shut down. The economic toll was steep, especially on industries like textiles.

Bangladesh’s 2022 blackout

On October 4, 2022, nearly 80% of Bangladesh lost power after a massive grid failure disrupted the country’s entire electricity network. The outage, which began in the afternoon and lasted for more than seven hours, affected around 140 million people.

In the capital, Dhaka, elevators stopped, traffic lights went dark, and factories across the industrial belt were forced to shut down. For Bangladesh’s garment sector, the backbone of its economy, the blackout was especially painful. Many textile plants, which rely on continuous power for production, were forced to halt operations, disrupting exports and cutting daily wages.

The outage also deepened frustration amid a worsening energy crunch. Protests broke out in several cities, reflecting public anger over the government’s handling of energy imports and rising costs. Officials later confirmed the blackout was caused by a “transmission imbalance” in the eastern grid, leading to a chain reaction that tripped multiple power plants.

Indonesia’s 2005 blackout

Earlier, in August 2005, Indonesia faced a similar crisis when a transmission line failure in West Java triggered a cascading power outage across Java and Bali, leaving nearly 100 million people without electricity.

The blackout struck at mid-morning, paralysing Jakarta, one of Asia’s most crowded capitals. Traffic jams stretched for miles, hospitals operated on diesel generators, and mobile networks went offline. The state utility company, PLN, apologised publicly as then President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ordered an immediate investigation.

Within hours, most of Jakarta regained power, but some regions remained in darkness well into the night. The incident led to major scrutiny of PLN’s maintenance and oversight procedures, as well as a push to diversify Indonesia’s energy mix to reduce dependence on overloaded transmission corridors.

The GERD has long been a flashpoint between the two countries. Egypt views it as a threat to its water security, while Ethiopia calls it a vital source of energy and national pride.

“There is no explanation other than a deliberate act of defiance by the Ethiopian side,” said Mokhtar Ghobashy, a lawyer and deputy head of the Arab Centre for Political and Strategic Studies. 

Ghobashy accused Ethiopia of acting unilaterally throughout the GERD’s construction and operation.

“It’s clear that they have a complete disregard for the historical rights of Egypt and Sudan,” he said.

Ethiopia, for its part, insists the dam reduced flood damage and supports regional development, rejecting Cairo’s claims as “malicious and baseless.”

For Egypt, the rising waters are more than a natural disaster. They are a reminder of a power struggle flowing through the Nile itself, where survival and sovereignty now intertwine.

Behind those dots lies a story of economic disadvantage, resilience, and innovative diplomacy in a time when global trade routes are under increasing pressure.

A landlocked country is surrounded by land or touches only inland waters, denying it a coastline and direct access to global shipping routes.

Today, there are 44 such nations, with just two — Uzbekistan and Liechtenstein — considered double-landlocked, meaning they must cross two other countries to reach the nearest coast.

This geographic reality has major consequences. Many of these states fall under the United Nations category of Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs), which face higher transport costs, complicated logistics, and slower integration into global value chains. Over 570 million people live in LLDCs across Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America, many of them in low-income or fragile states.

Recognising these challenges, world leaders met in August 2025 for the Third UN Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDC3) in Awaza, Turkmenistan, adopting a new 10-year roadmap — the “Awaza Programme of Action 2024–2034” — aimed at cutting transit costs, boosting infrastructure investment, and improving resilience.

Uzbekistan and Liechtenstein illustrate the unique challenges of being double-landlocked. Uzbekistan is encircled by Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan, all landlocked, making trade corridors heavily dependent on diplomatic ties and infrastructure agreements.

Liechtenstein, wedged between Austria and Switzerland, has fewer economic barriers thanks to its integration with the EU customs area, but it remains geographically limited.

Despite these constraints, landlocked nations are finding creative solutions. In West Africa, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger have endorsed a Moroccan-led plan to secure access to Atlantic ports, a strategic move to diversify their trade options.

Ethiopia , landlocked since Eritrea’s independence in 1993, recently signed a controversial agreement with Somaliland to lease a stretch of coastline for port development, a deal that could transform its trade prospects, even as Somalia disputes its legitimacy.

Meanwhile, Kenya has floated the idea of a regional maritime treaty to prevent tensions from escalating over such agreements, signalling a push toward multilateral frameworks for shared sea access.

The latest map, comparing 2014 and 2024 night-time satellite images, paints a different picture , one of rapid urbanisation, expanding electrification, and shifting human footprints.

By 2024, vast new swaths of Asia will glow at night. India, in particular, is now almost impossible to ignore on the map, with its cities and corridors glowing far brighter and wider. Across Southeast Asia , new hubs of illumination appear.

Even in regions previously less connected, the lights have spread outward. The contrast is visually striking.

This change is rooted in data from the Earth Observation Group (EOG), which uses the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) sensors aboard satellites to produce night-light composites that exclude interference from clouds, moonlight, fires, or stray light.

The EOG track record builds on legacy tools like DMSP-OLS, and the modern imagery offers far greater sensitivity and dynamic range.

Night-time light data are more than pretty views. They’re economic and social barometers. Economists, geographers, and planners use them to track urban growth, energy access, economic shifts, and even disaster impact in places where traditional data are sparse.

The 10-year leap in Asia’s night-light footprint echoes broader global trends: Asia is urbanising faster than ever, and more households now enjoy electricity and infrastructure than before.

In India, for instance, even rural areas that once rested in darkness now contribute to the glow. Studies using night-light data have already linked that lift to surging economic activity in formerly underlit zones.

But the story isn’t only about growth. Some areas, often in conflict zones or where lights are managed for efficiency, show muted change or even dimming. The map also implicitly highlights that not all light is uniform or stable: sensor noise, temporal variability, and calibration differences mean some apparent changes may reflect measurement artefacts.

This visualisation arrives at a moment when global attention is keen on energy transitions, infrastructure equity, and climate resilience. As Asia powers ahead, light pollution and energy demand become pressing questions.

A recent study suggests that artificial lighting is making the night sky about 10% brighter per year, much faster than previous estimates, disrupting ecosystems and human health alike.

This lopsided distribution arises largely because the Northern Hemisphere contains more landmass, including Asia, Europe, most of North America, and a large portion of Africa, which in turn supports dense urbanisation, infrastructure, and economic activity.

When you see that 87% number, it’s more than a curious statistic; it underscores how global power, investment, and influence tend to cluster. Countries with massive populations like China, India, the United States, and most of Europe all lie north of the Equator. Their sheer demographic weight drives innovation, consumption, and geopolitics.

Because so many people and economies are concentrated in one half of the planet, the Northern Hemisphere often commands more attention in global policy, infrastructure, and climate response. Investments in logistics, digital infrastructure, energy grids, and finance tend to gravitate toward where the demand and population are.

Meanwhile, countries in the Southern Hemisphere, though rich in natural resources and biodiversity, often face challenges of remoteness, lower infrastructure density, and lesser influence in some global forums.

In 2025, the weight of Northern Hemisphere populations carries fresh implications in a world grappling with climate change , supply-chain stress, geopolitical competition, and migration pressures.

Consider climate risk: coastal megacities in the Northern Hemisphere, from New York to Mumbai to Tokyo, host hundreds of millions of people living in low-lying zones vulnerable to sea level rise. Governments must plan infrastructure resilience precisely where the most people live.

On trade and supply chains, disruptions in Asia, Europe, or North America can ripple far and wide, because so much of global manufacturing, consumption, and transport passes through northern hubs. When China or Europe issues a supply chain warning, it tends to cascade faster.

The index compares countries based on demographics, culture, politics, infrastructure, and geography, painting a nuanced picture of which nations most closely resemble Turkey’s social and institutional makeup.

At the top of the list is Azerbaijan, with a score of 75.5, reflecting its shared language roots, cultural overlap, and strong political ties with Ankara. Albania follows closely at 70.2, benefiting from deep historical links to the Ottoman Empire and similar traditions.

Iran ranks third (67.8), connected by geography, history, and overlapping demographics. The list also includes North Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Tunisia, Bulgaria, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan — a diverse group spanning the Balkans, North Africa , and Central Asia.

This data is more than cultural trivia. Similarities between nations often signal comparable legal systems, shared infrastructure challenges, and familiar consumer behaviour — factors that directly affect trade, investment, and diplomacy.

For Turkey, this means that its closest “cultural cousins” may also be its natural economic partners. Companies looking to expand from Istanbul into markets such as Albania or Azerbaijan may face fewer barriers to entry, thanks to aligned regulations and shared norms. Policymakers can also leverage these ties to strengthen regional supply chains and build trust across borders.

The timing of this insight is significant. Turkey recently lifted its months-long short-selling ban, a move seen as restoring investor confidence after political turmoil earlier in the year. The government also announced the removal of retaliatory tariffs on U.S. imports ahead of a highly anticipated Erdoğan–Trump meeting, signalling a willingness to smooth trade relations.

On the defence front, Ankara is preparing to purchase hundreds of Boeing airliners and Lockheed Martin fighter jets, while negotiating local production rights. This move could bolster its manufacturing sector.

A 'The World in Maps' illustration highlights in green those with metro systems and in red those without. Countries like Iceland, Ireland, Cyprus, and Slovakia are among those without such networks.

For instance, Bucharest in Romania has a fully functional metro system with five lines, 64 stations, and over 80 km of track. The Sofia Metro in Bulgaria also operates four lines and about 52 km of network, handling significant daily ridership. Helsinki, though smaller in population, hosts the world’s northernmost metro system, in operation since 1982.

On the flip side, Ireland remains among the largest countries without a conventional metro system. However, that may soon change: the proposed MetroLink project in Dublin aims to introduce rapid transit on a city scale.

Metro systems are more than symbols of modernity. They shape urban mobility, reduce congestion, lower carbon emissions, and often become essential infrastructure in high-growth cities. With growing climate concerns, rising urban populations, and demand for reliable transit, countries without metro systems face increasing pressure to invest.

European Union funding programmes are responding. The EU’s Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) has allocated record sums to sustainable, safe, and smart transport infrastructure: over €7 billion across 134 projects in mid-2024.

Many of these focus on rail, multimodal hubs, and upgrades to urban transport nodes. More recently, nearly €2.8 billion has been approved for 94 transport projects aiming to boost connectivity across the EU, improve cross-border rail, and modernise urban transport.

These investments are occurring as the global railway rolling stock market is projected to nearly double from about $3.87 billion in 2024 to $6.43 billion by 2034, driven by both infrastructure expansions and the demand for digital, energy-efficient, rapid transit systems.

Deputy Minister of Primary and Secondary Education Atip Latipulhayat clarified that teacher allowances and salaries remain part of the National Education System Bill (RUU Sisdiknas), countering fears that they were excluded from discussions. This reassurance was welcomed by educators, as the bill will shape the future of Indonesia’s education policy.

Healthcare and scholarships

The Riau Islands government launched a medical specialist scholarship program to address the shortage of doctors in regional hospitals. Governor Ansar Ahmad called on the central government to support the initiative, which aims to improve local healthcare and retain native talent.

Rice prices and food security

The price of premium rice has surged to Rp16,088 per kilogramme, prompting lawmakers and farmer advocates to urge the government to stabilise prices and accelerate investment in agricultural technology. The call reflects growing concerns about food security despite reported high production levels.

Floods and infrastructure concerns

Tidal floods continue to disrupt life in Rokan Hilir, with residents urging authorities to construct water gates to prevent recurring damage. Meanwhile, Bali and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) are recovering from devastating flash floods that have killed at least 15 people, with 10 still missing. Over 200 rescuers have been deployed, and evacuations are underway.

Presidential actions and diplomacy

President Prabowo Subianto approved the withdrawal of Rp200 trillion in government funds from Bank Indonesia to inject liquidity into the banking system and stimulate economic activity. He also ordered the acceleration of a presidential regulation to combat illegal lobster seed exports, seeking to protect state revenues from illicit trade.

The municipality spans an area of roughly 3,808 km², yet it accommodates approximately 3.8 million Greeks, out of the nation’s total population of around 10.48 million, according to The Greek Reporter.

Athens remains the epicentre of this demographic concentration. The Athens metropolitan area, consisting of Athens, Piraeus, and surrounding suburbs, is home to around 3.64 million people as of 2021. This makes it the largest metropolitan hub in Greece and one of Europe’s most densely populated urban areas.

Such an extreme population concentration burdens public services, intensifies housing demand, and contributes to environmental stress—especially amid rising climate threats.

Further, this trend accentuates regional inequalities. While urban Attica surges, many rural and island communities continue to shrink, accelerated by ageing populations, youth outmigration, and fewer local opportunities.

Experts advocate for thoughtful, long-term policies to ease the population pressure on Attica:

As Professor Kotzamanis from the University of Thessaly notes , “For 50 years we have had massive flows of internal migration which have been served by arbitrary construction and encroachment. In fact, the model that got us this far was based on the logic of over-education and mobility. To put it simply, the farmer’s son immigrated to the city to become a university professor”

Kazakhstan’s service sector continued its expansion in July, marking the seventh consecutive month of growth with a Services PMI of 54.0, still well above the 50.0 growth threshold, despite rising input costs, according to. Although inflationary pressures intensified, driven by increases in raw materials, utilities, taxes, and currency fluctuations, firms reported easing cost burdens compared to earlier months. Domestic demand remains steady, but businesses are cautious about exchange rate risks and potential fiscal tightening.

'Clean Kazakhstan' campaign reshapes environmental thinking

President Tokayev’s nationwide Taza Kazakhstan campaign is transforming how citizens view environmental responsibility. Since its launch, over 9 million people have joined, taking part in 900+ clean-up events and planting nearly 2.5 million trees. The initiative blends grassroots action with advanced tools like satellite monitoring to unify communities in the green transition. These efforts aim not just to reduce waste but also to foster a shift in public attitudes toward conservation.

Iran and Kazakhstan accelerate North–South Corridor development

Iran’s Minister of Roads and Urban Development, Farzaneh Sadegh, and Kazakhstan’s Transport Minister agreed to fast-track development of the International North–South Transport Corridor (eastern branch). They endorsed a five-year roadmap to strengthen multimodal links, including maritime, rail, and flight connections, and study a prospective “Caspian Bridge” transit project via the Caspian Sea. This builds on earlier agreements to quadruple transit volumes between the two nations.

Azerbaijan–Kazakhstan deepen transport engagement

Kazakhstan’s Advisor to the President, Asel Janasova, and the head of Kazakhstan Railways met with Azerbaijan’s Digital Development and Transport Minister, Rashad Nabiyev, to discuss transport cooperation. The talks signal intent to enhance railway linkages and boost regional connectivity.

Kazakhstan’s Bank CenterCredit to repay final $56m in state aid

Kazakhstan’s Bank CenterCredit will repurchase 30 billion tenge ($55.8M) in bonds to clear the last of its 2023 government support, originally due in 2032. The bank has already prepaid 30 billion tenge since late 2024 and aims to complete repayment by 2026. Authorities have restricted dividend payments for aid recipients to encourage early repayment.

Qatar may halt LNG exports to the EU over the new Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), which mandates large firms to address environmental and human rights issues in their supply chains or face fines. The law, applying to EU and non-EU firms with over €450M turnover, phases in through 2029. Qatar, heavily reliant on fossil fuel exports and criticised for labour abuses, sees the rules as a threat. Al-Kaabi said without changes, Doha would seek other markets, questioning the directive’s climate goals and rejecting net-zero targets. As one of the world’s top LNG exporters, Qatar could pivot to markets like Pakistan and Syria, while the EU may need to increase U.S. LNG imports or reconsider nuclear power.

Why workplace safety matters

As Qatar advances its National Vision 2030, industries such as construction, oil & gas, logistics, healthcare, and manufacturing face growing pressure from regulators, employees, and global partners to improve workplace safety. ISO 45001, the international standard for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems, provides a structured approach to identifying hazards, managing risks, and ensuring continuous improvement—offering not only compliance but also a competitive edge. Rapid development in areas like Lusail, The Pearl, and Ras Laffan has heightened occupational risks, making ISO 45001’s globally recognised framework critical. Released in 2018, the standard aligns with ISO 9001 and ISO 14001, enabling integration of quality, environmental, and safety management systems.

Qatar backs Syria’s economic revival

Qatar’s UCC Holding is spearheading a $4 billion foreign-investment deal with four international partners to transform Damascus International Airport into a regional hub. The project, under a Build–Operate–Transfer model, will expand capacity to 31 million passengers across five phases, introduce 32 modern gates, and add world-class facilities. Seen as a key step in Syria’s reconstruction, it aims to boost connectivity, trade, and tourism while meeting ICAO and IATA standards.

Storms, cancellations, and tourism slump disrupt air travel in Qatar, other countries

In 2025, the US, Canada, UK, Germany, Australia, and Qatar face a major travel shake-up as storms, airline cancellations, and declining tourism disrupt the global air industry. Violent weather is grounding flights in US hubs like Dallas and New York, while Canada battles wildfire smoke and delays in Ontario and British Columbia. In the UK and Germany, summer storms are driving delays and reduced bookings, straining airports and tour operators alike.

Qatar is steadily enhancing its legislative framework

Minister of Justice and Minister of State for Cabinet Affairs H E Ibrahim bin Ali bin Issa Al Hassan Al Mohannadi has said Qatar is strengthening its legislative framework to support sustainable development, uphold the rule of law, and promote transparency. Over the past year, Cabinet decisions have advanced legislative modernisation, ensured justice, and built strong institutions. According to the Council of Ministers Secretariat General, initiatives have focused on empowering national talent, accelerating digital transformation, engaging youth, and advancing food security and sustainable urban planning—all aimed at achieving sustainable development within a modern legislative and executive framework.

According to a 2015 article in Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine , Chile’s mainland spans 4,329 km (2,689.92 mi) from north to south, making it “the longest country in the world”.

By contrast, its width averages only 180 km (112 mi), meaning that in many places one can drive from the Andes to the coast in just a couple of hours. Chile also claims about 1.25 million km² of land and includes offshore territories like Juan Fernández, Easter Island and the Antarctic territories.

At 4,329 km, Chile’s length exceeds the shortest trans‑Atlantic crossing. For example, the straight‑line distance from St. John’s, Newfoundland, to A Coruña, Spain, is roughly 4,000–4,200 km depending on the route. This means that Chile could theoretically “connect” North America and Europe if laid out across the Atlantic, a playful comparison highlighted in the viral map.

The country's shape is the result of tectonic and historical forces. To the east, the towering Andes form a natural barrier with Argentina and Bolivia, while to the west, the Pacific Ocean bounds the country.

Over millions of years, the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate has built the Andes and created a narrow coastal plain. The Spanish colonisers and later the Chilean state expanded southward along this linear corridor, reaching the tip of Patagonia in the 19th century.

This extreme geography produces dramatic differences. In the far north lies the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on Earth and home to some of the world’s largest copper mines.

Central Chile enjoys a Mediterranean climate ideal for wine production, while the south is a land of fjords, rainforests and glaciers. The country’s latitudinal range, from about 17°S to 56°S, spans more than 30 degrees of latitude, which is greater than the distance from southern Mexico to Canada.

Chile’s elongated shape, however, presents both opportunities and obstacles. The country boasts a coastline that stretches more than 8,000 km, giving it access to abundant marine resources and making it a major exporter of fish, fruit and wine.

At the same time, its narrowness and length complicate infrastructure. Transporting goods from the mining hubs in the north to the ports and population centres in the centre and south requires long road and rail lines. Earthquakes , volcanoes and tsunamis, products of Chile’s tectonic setting, add to the challenges of maintaining infrastructure across such a vast and varied landscape.

A report published in May by the African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank), titled “State of Play of Debt Burden in Africa and the Caribbean,” reveals that the average debt-to-GDP ratio across the continent remains high, though it differs between countries. In more than 60% of African nations, the ratio is expected to exceed 50% in 2025. Some countries, including Ghana, Cape Verde, and Sudan, face debt levels surpassing 100% of GDP.

However, not all debt should be viewed negatively when it finances productive investments. Debt used for projects that expand a country’s productive capacity can help increase GDP, raise tax revenues, and improve living standards. Investments in infrastructure such as transportation, energy, and communication can encourage business activity, enhance trade, and create employment.

According to the Afreximbank report, Morocco holds 5.9% of Africa’s total external debt in 2025. The country has directed borrowed funds toward large-scale projects in infrastructure, renewable energy, and digital technology. Key projects include the expansion of Tanger Med port, the Noor Ouarzazate solar complex, and the SIR railway project in Greater Casablanca, all contributing to economic growth and improved connectivity.

Senegal, which has around $1 billion in debt and is one of the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) highest debtors in Africa, has used this borrowing to develop significant infrastructure projects . These include the Blaise Diagne International Airport, the Dakar-Diamniadio Toll Highway, and the Regional Express Train, all under the “Plan Sénégal Émergent.” These investments have enhanced Senegal’s infrastructure, boosted tourism, and supported economic growth.

In Ethiopia, large-scale investment has gone into the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which is designed to more than double the country’s power generation capacity. GERD is Africa’s largest hydropower project and is scheduled for inauguration in September.

Nigeria has also turned to debt, particularly from China, to fund major transportation infrastructure. Projects include the Lagos-Ibadan rail, Itakpe-Warri rail, Abuja-Kaduna rail, Lagos Blue Line Metro rail, and the Abuja Metro rail.

Despite these investments, African countries continue to face challenges such as global interest rate increases, currency depreciation, and rising debt servicing costs. Still, the narrative is evolving as many countries strive to manage borrowing while ensuring development impact.

The report ranks cities based on key quality-of-life indicators, and this year’s findings highlight the persistent challenges faced by residents in some of the world ’s most troubled regions.

According to the report, Damascus, Syria remains the least livable city in the world, scoring just 30.7 out of 100. Other cities such as Caracas (Venezuela), Kyiv (Ukraine), and Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea) also rank among the lowest.

The rankings are based on key indicators that measure stability, healthcare, culture and environment , education, and infrastructure.

Top 10 least liveable cities in 2025

What makes these cities “least liveable”?

According to the EIU, these cities face severe challenges that impact residents' day-to-day quality of life:

The EIU notes that while some cities have made improvements in education or cultural engagement, these gains are often overshadowed by deteriorating security or health services.

The tower, designed by engineering firm Dar Al-Handasah, is expected to reach 1,074 feet, taller than Johannesburg’s Leonardo tower, which currently holds the regional record at 768 feet.

The skyscraper will be built in the Kirkos district, near the city’s growing business hub. It will include office spaces, a sky garden, and a rooftop restaurant.

The full site covers 2.8 hectares and is being promoted as a future centre for business and public life.

If completed as planned, it would take four years to build.

The government says it wants only contractors who have handled large-scale projects before, at least three contracts worth $370 million or more.

According to officials, the building reflects Ethiopia’s long-term vision for urban growth and economic transformation.

The energy sector is a central part of that strategy, and the new headquarters is meant to support efforts to improve electricity infrastructure across the country.

“This building will not just change our skyline, it will reflect who we are becoming,” said a spokesperson for Ethiopian Electric Power .

The plan also forms part of a wider push to modernise Addis Ababa’s cityscape and attract foreign investment.

With bidding now open and designs finalised, construction is expected to begin once a suitable contractor is selected.

The image for this article was AI-generated

With urban growth rising, metros are vital for sustainable cities, backed by tech like AI and automation. Over $500 billion was invested from 2020–2024.

In a comprehensive analysis by Spherical Insights , the top 10 countries with the largest and most expansive metro rail infrastructures have been unveiled, showcasing the global shift toward efficient, clean, and future-ready mass transit.

1. China

With over 9,500 kilometres of operational metro lines across more than 50 cities, China sits unchallenged at the top. Mega-cities like Shanghai (802 km), Beijing (836 km), and Guangzhou (631 km) anchor this vast network. Fueled by its New Urbanisation Plan , China aims to surpass 10,500 km by the end of 2025.

2. United States

Despite its car-centric legacy, the U.S. boasts around 1,300 kilometres of metro lines. The New York City Subway—spanning 472 stations—remains the nation’s flagship, while cities like D.C. and San Francisco expand their networks under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.

3. South Korea

Seoul’s ultra-modern metro spans over 1,100 kilometres, making it one of the smartest and cleanest globally. Contactless payments, facial recognition entry systems, and multilingual support serve a tech-savvy, urbanised population.

4. India

India’s urban transport revolution is well underway. With nearly 958 kilometres across 18 cities, including Delhi, Mumbai, and Bengaluru, India’s metro boom is driven by strong federal and state collaboration and a surge in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs).

5. Japan

Punctual, clean, and deeply integrated—Japan’s metro systems, especially in Tokyo and Osaka, are global gold standards. Tokyo's metro spans nearly 900 km and moves over 8 million passengers daily. Innovations in driverless operations and energy-efficient railcars keep Japan at the forefront.

6. Russia

Russia’s metro systems, particularly in Moscow and St. Petersburg, are renowned for their architectural grandeur and reliability. Moscow’s Big Circle Line, one of the longest circular lines in the world, symbolises the country’s continued rail ambitions. The country has over 800 km of metro lines.

7. Germany

Germany blends technology with sustainability in metro systems across Berlin, Munich, and Hamburg. They collectively contribute over 700 kilometres of urban rail. A strong focus on electrification, solar-powered stations, and real-time mobility data elevates its network to global excellence.

8. Brazil

Latin America ’s metro torchbearer, Brazil, features prominently, with São Paulo’s network leading the charge. Covering 400 kilometres and 91 stations, the system integrates smart ticketing and data-driven routing to address urban sprawl.

9. United Kingdom

Home to the world’s first underground railway, the London Underground remains a global icon. Modernisation efforts—including the Elizabeth Line—reflect the UK’s commitment to making its metro resilient and accessible. The network covers over 400 kilometres.

10. France

With the iconic Paris Métro and expanding networks in Lyon and Marseille, France’s urban rail legacy is long-standing, with 220 kilometres. Modernisation projects like Grand Paris Express are set to add over 200 kilometres by 2030.

Together, the 40,000 square metre development marks a major leap forward in the global use of 3D printing for large-scale construction.

The project is part of Qatar’s second package of school development under a public-private partnership programme involving a total of 14 schools.

The two schools are being built on separate 100-by-100 metre plots and will feature two-storey buildings printed on-site using some of the largest 3D printers in the world .

The printers, provided by Danish company COBOD, measure 50 metres in length, 30 metres in width and stand 15 metres tall, about the size of a commercial aircraft hangar.

Before launching the printing phase, engineers and architects conducted over 100 full-scale test prints at a dedicated site in Doha.

These trials helped refine the concrete mixture for Qatar’s desert climate and allowed for adjustments to the printer’s nozzle system to ensure material consistency.

In May 2025, the core team completed advanced training with COBOD technicians, gaining hands-on experience in printer operations and structural layering strategies.

UCC Holding, the Qatari company overseeing the project in collaboration with the Public Works Authority (Ashghal), confirmed that construction is now underway and that both schools are expected to be completed by the end of 2025.

The use of 3D printing is expected to cut down on construction time, reduce material waste and increase design flexibility.

The initiative is being watched closely by other nations as a possible model for future educational infrastructure, not only because of its scale but also because of the speed and sustainability it aims to demonstrate.

Qatar’s use of high-capacity printers in real-time building environments may set new benchmarks in the global construction industry.

The findings underscore the urgent need for policy interventions to bridge the digital divide.

The IMF's AI Preparedness Index (AIPI) evaluates 174 countries based on four critical dimensions: digital infrastructure, human capital and labour market policies, innovation and economic integration, and regulation and ethics. Each dimension is scored on a scale from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating greater preparedness.

Wealthier nations, particularly advanced economies, are at the forefront of AI readiness. Countries like Singapore, the United States , and Denmark have achieved top scores, reflecting robust digital infrastructures, skilled workforces, and comprehensive regulatory frameworks.

On the contrary, many emerging markets and low-income countries (LICs) like Mali, Senegal and Sierra Leone face challenges in AI preparedness.

These nations often lack the necessary digital infrastructure and skilled labour force to effectively adopt AI technologies, potentially exacerbating existing economic inequalities.

Implications for the global economy

The uneven readiness for AI adoption could have profound implications for the global economy. Advanced economies are poised to reap significant productivity gains, while countries with lower preparedness may struggle to keep pace, leading to widened income disparities.

To mitigate these disparities, the IMF recommends targeted investments in digital infrastructure and education to build a digitally competent workforce. Additionally, developing robust regulatory frameworks can help ensure ethical and effective AI integration.

Uttar Pradesh (2.5%) surpasses the entire populations of Brazil (2.3%), Russia (1.8%), or Japan (1.5%). Maharashtra (1.4%), a single western state, equals the entire population of Mexico, while Bihar (1.3%), often overlooked in international economic discourse, contains more people than Germany.

These states are not just administrative regions—they are demographic giants unto themselves.

What makes this revelation compelling is how it reframes discussions about governance, infrastructure, and climate resilience.

For example, Uttar Pradesh’s 2.5% share of the global population is squeezed into less than 1% of Earth’s landmass.

Additionally, Bihar and West Bengal, each with over 1% of the world ’s population, face chronic underdevelopment, underlining the challenge of scaling public services to meet unprecedented density.

Southern states like Tamil Nadu (0.6%) and Kerala (0.4%), while still massive by global standards, reflect a demographic slowdown, indicating a north-south divide in population growth rates.

Assuming a world population of 8.1 billion , this means:

In 2023, China’s manufacturing output soared to $4.8 trillion , accounting for 27% of the country’s GDP—a testament to its vast industrial capacity and deep supply chain integration.

China’s industrial power is anchored in heavy sectors such as metallurgy and machine-building , which together contribute nearly 40% of total industrial production . Meanwhile, consumer goods and synthetic textiles continue to fuel export growth, and products like fertilisers and plastics further cement China’s crucial role in global manufacturing networks.

Here are more reasons why the country continues to lead:

1. Scale and infrastructure

China boasts an unmatched industrial ecosystem—from raw material suppliers to component makers to end-product assemblers. Its robust infrastructure—ports, highways, and logistics networks—enables rapid and cost-effective production and distribution.

2. Labour force and efficiency

With a vast and increasingly skilled workforce, China maintains competitive labour costs while improving efficiency and quality. The shift toward automation and Industry 4.0 technologies further boosts productivity.

3. Global supply chain integration

China is deeply embedded in global supply chains. From electronics to textiles and heavy machinery, multinational corporations rely heavily on Chinese factories for both components and final products.

4. Government support

Strategic initiatives like “ Made in China 2025 ” aim to transition the country from low-end manufacturing to high-tech industries, including robotics, aerospace, and electric vehicles. Substantial government incentives and subsidies bolster domestic innovation and global competitiveness.

The rest of the world : A mixed picture

While the United States remains a strong contender with 17%, much of its manufacturing value lies in high-end technology, aerospace, pharmaceuticals, and automotive industries. However, outsourcing to countries like Mexico and India has impacted its share.

Other countries contributing significantly include:

Phan Rim, a spokesperson for the ministry, told Xinhua News that the project was now fully complete and ready for use.

He said the bridge would help cut travel times and lower transport costs for local communities and businesses.

The structure stands 80 metres high and stretches 530 metres across the Russey Chrum river valley in Osom commune, Veal Veng district.

It is 10 metres wide and offers space for vehicles as well as areas for people to stop and enjoy views of the nearby forest.

Officials hope the bridge will support economic development in the area by improving road access in this mountainous region.

“When you look at the global backdrop and what happened with the war in Ukraine and, given my first-hand experience, I said to myself that Africa is too reliant on other countries, on Europe, on Asia and that Africa has the potential to feed the world,” Forrest said in an interview for Global South World. 

Forrest, whose businesses cultivate tens of thousands of hectares of land in the Democratic Republic of Congo, has turned author for a new book called: Africa Can Feed the World. He says his experiences in the fertile, untapped landscapes of his homeland have convinced him that a tipping point, first towards self-sufficiency and then towards agri-exports, is far nearer than people realise.

Africa holds 60% of the world’s uncultivated arable land, according to the World Bank, yet contributes less than 10% of global agricultural output. This paradox is not due to poor soil or climate — in fact, regions such as the Guinea Savannah and the Congolese Plateau offer fertile soils, reliable rainfall, and abundant water reserves. Rather, the gap stems from decades of underinvestment in rural infrastructure, poor access to markets and finance, and minimal technological input.

Forrest points to the example of Brazil. Between the 1970s and early 2000s, Brazil transformed its Cerrado region - a once-dismissed savannah - into one of the world’s most productive agricultural zones. This was achieved through a combination of state research institutions, incentives for private sector investment, and the development of infrastructure like rural roads and silos. Today, Brazil is the world’s largest exporter of soybeans, beef, and poultry. 

As climate change threatens traditional breadbaskets like the American Midwest, Australia, and parts of India due to extreme weather events and soil degradation, some parts of sub-Saharan Africa may be able to make up the deficit.

However, he is scathing about the attitude of external players, and Europe in particular. As European policymakers riding a nationalist populist wave seek to close borders and cut development funding, Forrest warns that they may one day regret treating Africa as a threat.

‘Broken ties’

“The day when Europe has nothing, it will be dependent on others. And it will depend on whom? That’s what I’m saying. That in 2050, if we are not careful, it’s Europe which will be migrating to Africa…. So we need to maintain the ties that we have broken. That is what I am asking. That Europe comes to its senses and considers Africa rather as a partner, not to exploit but for win-win relations.”

In particular, Forrest is critical of policies which prevent younger generations of Africans from travelling to Europe to study - a decision which pushes them towards Russia, China and India, where they will develop relationships and sympathies for the future. By 2050, Africa’s population is projected to exceed 2.5 billion people, with over 60% under the age of 25. 

Forrest’s criticisms extend to the international justice system, which he sees as unfairly focused on Africa.

“When you look at cases around illicitly obtained assets, who gets prosecuted? Only Africans. What about the Middle East? Have we seen asset appropriation there? Did we prosecute people from China or elsewhere? No. Let’s be fair, we can’t have two standards, two tiers, let’s be evenhanded.”

Indeed, Forrest sees the fight against corruption waged upon Africa as being counterproductive, because it drives away the investment which is needed to improve the situation. Non-governmental organisations that come with lectures and impose standards bring nothing but drive away business investment, he claims.

“The more you have investors, the more you have promising projects. The more the government and the authorities are forced to keep rules and structures, the more you will have a better justice system because corruption will gradually disappear. It’s true that it is a curse, but let’s be realistic.”

Dare to dream

But for Forrest, everything comes back to agriculture, which has the potential both to supercharge African economies and remove the curse of hunger and poor nutrition from their populations. 

The African Development Bank estimates that agriculture could be worth $1 trillion to the continent’s economy by 2030. But the scale of investment required is also significant - estimated at $80 billion per year.

While the scale of the ambition requires industrial methods, Forrest remains convinced that there can still be a place for smaller family farms. And he insists that increasing food production will not threaten the ecological marvels of the tropical forests of Congo or other nations.

“It’s not a question of replacing the forests. We don’t need to touch the forests. There’s plenty of available space, even in the Savannah.”

Forrest is an optimist, but also a pragmatist. He believes greater use of science and technology is essential to achieving his vision. His giant agri-food business GoCongo, uses extensive soil testing to determine which crops are best suited to each area. This choice needs to be informed by study, not habit, he states. As an example, he highlights French efforts to impose rice cultivation in the country to replace stocks lost after the demise of IndoChina, which were often poorly located and resulted in low yields.

But with science, human effort and natural bounty, Forrest is confident Africa’s detractors will be proved wrong and his 2050 vision will come to pass.

“In order to do something, first you need a dream. When you dream, you have a goal in mind. This is what you do to achieve it.”

Australia’s Stuart Highway

Stretching across the heart of the Australian Outback, sections of the Stuart Highway in the Northern Territory were once famously limitless—and although a 130 km/h (81 mph) cap has been reinstated in most areas, the road remains one of the fastest legal highways in the Southern Hemisphere. It's straight, open stretches invite long-distance driving with minimal traffic.

United States – Texas State Highway 130

In the U.S., Texas State Highway 130 holds the crown for the highest posted speed limit: 85 mph (137 km/h). This toll road bypasses the congestion of Austin and showcases America ’s flirtation with higher speed limits in select corridors. It's a rare taste of speed freedom in a country otherwise known for its strict enforcement.

United Arab Emirates – Sheikh Zayed Road

In the UAE, Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai not only dazzles with its futuristic skyline but also hosts one of the highest speed limits in the Middle East —140 km/h (87 mph). With multi-lane highways and state-of-the-art road systems, the UAE offers a high-speed driving experience surrounded by cutting-edge infrastructure.

Speed meets engineering

These roads aren't just about going fast—they’re designed for high performance. From intelligent road sensors to strict vehicle inspections and rigorous driver rules, they embody how technology, regulation, and infrastructure can safely coexist with speed.

Brazil vs Tenerife: The size-tourism paradox

Despite boasting world wonders like the Amazon Rainforest, Iguazu Falls, Christ the Redeemer, and over 7,400 kilometres of coastline, Brazil struggles to fully capitalise on its tourism potential. In contrast, Tenerife, the largest of Spain’s Canary Islands, located off the northwest coast of Africa, thrives as a top global destination.

According to data from UN Tourism and World Bank , Brazil ranked 48th globally for international tourist arrivals in 2024, while Tenerife alone ranked among the top 30 single destinations, drawing visitors from the UK, Germany, and mainland Spain.

Why tourists flock to Tenerife

Why is Brazil lagging?

Despite its immense tourism assets, Brazil faces several barriers:

What can Brazil learn?

Brazil could significantly boost its tourism by:

This extraordinary statistic highlights the DRC's immense natural wealth, centred around the Congo River Basin, which spans nearly 4 million square kilometres and fuels the continent’s second-longest river.

Why does the DRC have so much water?

Thanks to its tropical location, the DRC receives high annual rainfall, over 2,000 mm in some regions. Combined with a dense network of rivers, wetlands, and deep freshwater lakes like Lake Tanganyika, this hydrological bounty makes the DRC Africa’s water powerhouse.

Key contributors include:

The paradox: water Wealth vs. access

Despite holding over half of Africa’s surface freshwater, most Congolese people lack reliable access to clean water.

This water-access paradox underscores the need for targeted investment and sustainable management.

What needs to happen?

Organisations like Winrock International are working alongside local and national partners to:

There’s growing recognition that managing water sustainably in the DRC isn’t just a national issue—it’s a continental priority.

Why it matters for Africa and the world

With climate change accelerating droughts and water scarcity in other regions, the DRC’s freshwater reserves are increasingly vital for regional stability, food production, biodiversity, and hydropower. The Congo River alone has massive potential for renewable energy , including the long-anticipated Grand Inga Dam project.

But without equitable access and conservation, this water wealth could become a missed opportunity—or worse, a source of conflict.

In 2024, the top 10 sovereign wealth funds collectively manage trillions of dollars in global assets, influencing global markets, infrastructure, and even innovation sectors.

Below is the top 10 Sovereign Wealth Funds by AUM according to Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute :

  Norway Government Pension Fund Global  –  $1.78 trillion

World's largest SWF, built from Norway’s oil revenues and known for its ethical investing principles.

China Investment Corporation (CIC)  –  $1.3 trillion

A key player in global markets, CIC invests in infrastructure, energy, and high-growth sectors.

State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), China  –  $1.2 trillion

Another Chinese heavyweight managing part of the country’s vast foreign exchange reserves.

Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA)  –  $1.05 trillion

One of the oldest and most secretive funds, investing oil revenues globally.

Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA)  –  $1 trillion

The world’s oldest sovereign fund, playing a crucial role in diversifying Kuwait’s oil-based economy.

Public Investment Fund (PIF), Saudi Arabia  –  $925 billion

Driving Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, this fund has ramped up global investments in tech and sports.

Danantara Indonesia  –  $900 billion

A rapidly rising SWF focusing on domestic infrastructure and development.

GIC Private Limited, Singapore  –  $850 billion

Known for its long-term investments in real estate, tech, and emerging markets.

Qatar Investment Authority (QIA)  –  $530 billion

A globally active fund investing in prime assets including banks, real estate, and luxury brands.

Hong Kong Monetary Authority Investment Portfolio  –  $514 billion

Manages part of Hong Kong’s foreign reserves with a focus on stable returns.

Following closely behind Mexico, Indonesia experienced 1,872 earthquakes, while Japan, known for its tectonic volatility, recorded 1,563. The Philippines and Chile featured prominently with 997 and 875 earthquakes, respectively.

Guatemala and Taiwan round out the list with 704 and 665 recorded quakes, each grappling with its own challenges of infrastructure resilience and disaster preparedness.

The chart highlights how natural disasters, particularly earthquakes, continue to pose significant risks to nations located along major tectonic fault lines such as the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Experts warn that with urban populations growing and climate conditions shifting, the socioeconomic impacts of seismic events could intensify unless substantial mitigation measures are adopted.

While the raw number of earthquakes doesn't reflect magnitude or destruction, such frequency is an urgent call for strengthening early warning systems, investing in earthquake-resistant infrastructure, and expanding public safety education in vulnerable regions.

The second quarter of 2025 has just begun, but as of April 23, 2025, several significant earthquakes have occurred globally, resulting in varying degrees of damage and casualties.

Earthquakes in 2025 so far:

Tibet/Nepal Border – January 7

Magnitude: 7.1

A powerful earthquake struck Tibet's holy city of Shigatse , resulting in at least 95 deaths and 130 injuries. The earthquake affected the high-altitude region of western China, Nepal, and parts of India. It caused significant damage to 1,000 houses and led to the closure of the Mount Qomolangma (Everest) Scenic Area. ​

Myanmar – March 28

Magnitude: 7.7

This earthquake devastated central Myanmar, particularly Mandalay. The death toll has risen to 1,644, with over 2,200 injured and 200 people still missing . Infrastructure damage, including roads, bridges, and communication systems, has hindered rescue and relief operations. International aid has been mobilised, with countries like China, Russia, India, and Malaysia assisting. The UN has allocated $5 million for immediate relief.

Istanbul, Turkey – April 23

Magnitude: 6.2

Impact: A 6.2 magnitude earthquake struck Istanbul, Turkey, causing over 150 injuries but no immediate reports of severe damage. The quake, centred in the Sea of Marmara about 40 km southwest of Istanbul, had a shallow depth of 10 km and was followed by over 50 aftershocks.

The ranking highlights the top 10 cities worldwide that offer exceptional living conditions based on factors such as healthcare, safety, infrastructure, environment, and cost of living. Following The Hague is another Dutch city, Groningen, with a score of 225.9, reaffirming the Netherlands' reputation for balanced urban living.

Luxembourg City secured third place with 219.9 points, followed closely by Eindhoven (218.3) and Basel in Switzerland (217.0). Other Swiss cities, including Bern (213.6) and Lausanne (206.1), also made the list, further underlining Switzerland’s strong presence in the quality-of-life domain.

The Netherlands dominated the list with five cities—The Hague, Groningen, Utrecht, Eindhoven, and Rotterdam—appearing in the top 10, reflecting the country’s high standards in public services, livability, and sustainability.

Copenhagen, Denmark (204.2), was the only Scandinavian city to cut, rounding out the list at number ten.

Top 10 Cities with the Best Quality of Life in 2025:

Only cars and motorbikes are allowed to use the bridge during this time.

Trucks and other large vehicles must take the old road.

People are also not allowed to stop on the bridge, even to take pictures, as part of efforts to keep traffic moving safely.

Phorn Rim, spokesperson for the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, said the rules are there to protect people.

“To ensure public safety, vehicles are strictly prohibited from stopping on the bridge,” he was quoted by The Phnom Penh Post .

The bridge is 538 metres long and 10 metres wide. It crosses the Russey Chrum stream in a village called Chhay Louk, in O'Som commune.

It is one of 32 bridges being built along National Road 10. This one is the tallest and is almost finished, with 98% of the work done.

People can take photos from special viewing spots built on the bridge.

Because the view is so popular, the government asked the Chinese company building the bridge to make the viewing area wider. It will now be 2.5 metres bigger.

The bridge will close again after April 17 so workers can finish the last parts, like painting road signs and adding safety lines. The full opening is planned for early May.

Sun Chanthol, the first vice-president of Cambodia’s development council, said the bridge will only open for full-time use when all safety work is done.

He asked everyone to drive carefully during the holidays, saying, “Let’s not turn a joyful day into a day of sorrow.

The full road project started in late 2019 and is expected to be finished in June of this year.

Guinea has been identified as the most dangerous country for driving, with an estimated 37.4 road deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. This frightening statistic is a grim reminder of the critical and often overlooked global road safety crisis.

Trailing close behind Guinea are Libya (34.0), Kenya (28.2), and Thailand (25.4)—nations struggling with a complex mix of inadequate infrastructure, lax enforcement of traffic laws, and dangerous driving practices.

Why are the numbers so high?

Guinea, topping the chart, faces deep-rooted challenges in road infrastructure. Poorly maintained roads, minimal signage, and a lack of reliable public transportation force citizens onto overcrowded and unsafe roads. In 2022, a horrific bus collision near Kouroussa claimed over 20 lives, drawing attention to the need for stricter regulations and better emergency response systems.

In Libya, ongoing conflict and political instability have left the country’s infrastructure in disrepair. Many vehicles are outdated, and traffic enforcement is minimal. A 2023 crash near Benghazi involving multiple cars killed 15 people, many of them children on their way to school.

Kenya has rapidly increased road usage, yet enforcement and road safety awareness lag. In one tragic incident in December 2023, a bus traveling from Nairobi to Kisumu collided with a truck, leaving 21 dead and dozens injured.

One of the notable deaths from road crashes is that of world marathon record holder Kelvin Kiptum , who died in February 2024 on his way to his hometown in Kenya.

Thailand, despite its modern infrastructure in urban areas, struggles with motorbike-related fatalities. With millions of motorcycles on the roads, many without helmets or licenses, the country sees an alarming number of daily road deaths—particularly during festive periods like Songkran, where accident rates spike.

Developing countries hit hardest

Interestingly, while countries like the USA (14.2) and Russia (10.6) also appear on the list, their road safety records are considerably better than those of developing nations. This is largely due to stronger enforcement of seatbelt laws, better vehicle safety standards, and emergency response capabilities.

However, in the USA, distracted driving —especially involving smartphones—and high-speed freeway accidents remain critical issues. In 2023, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reported over 42,000 fatalities, many involving young drivers or alcohol impairment.

Norway's Sovereign Wealth Fund: A Global Leader

The Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global tops the list, managing an impressive $1.74 trillion, primarily accumulated from oil and gas revenues. This fund has shifted towards technology-driven investments, with stakes in Apple, Microsoft, and Nvidia generating record-breaking profits. Recently, the country hinted it was looking at tapping money from the funds to support Ukraine.

China's Growing Influence

China's two major funds, collectively controlling $2.39 trillion, are fuelling the country's global infrastructure and energy initiatives, particularly through the Belt and Road Initiative. China's growing economic influence is reflected in its expanding SWF portfolio.

Middle East Dominance

The Middle East remains a dominant force in the SWF landscape, with Kuwait, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia collectively holding over $3 trillion in assets. These funds play a crucial role in economic diversification, ensuring long-term stability beyond oil revenues.

Indonesia's Rise to Prominence

A standout in this year's ranking is Indonesia's sovereign wealth fund, Badan Pengelola Investasi Daya Anagata Nusantara. With a staggering $983 billion, the fund has rapidly expanded, now surpassing some of the longest-established funds in the world. Unlike resource-driven funds, Indonesia's SWF focuses on infrastructure, digital transformation, and sustainable development, attracting global investors eager to capitalise on the nation's economic growth.

The report attributes the losses to extensive tax exemptions granted to Chinese companies, which have continued to undermine the DRC’s financial gains from the deal. It also criticises the agreement's exclusion from the Congolese Mining Code, allowing unchecked fiscal privileges.

According to CNPV, in 2023 alone, the DRC lost an estimated $443 million in tax and parafiscal exemptions—amounting to 16% of the country's total tax expenditures.

Potential $7.5 billion loss over 17 years

Speaking at the report’s presentation, CNPV member Baby Matabishi warned that if the exemptions remain in place, the DRC could forfeit up to $7.5 billion over the next 17 years. These losses stem from  Law No. 14/005, which grants sweeping tax, customs, and parafiscal exemptions to collaboration agreements and cooperative projects, including the Sino-Congolese contract.

"This contract has remained structurally imbalanced since its inception," Matabishi stated. Adding that, "For years, we have warned about the problematic nature of these sweeping exemptions and the contract’s management outside of traditional government institutions."

Although the agreement was signed in 2008 without a solid legal foundation, the Congolese government justified the exemptions as necessary for repaying loans used to fund infrastructure projects and develop mining operations. Even after the introduction of a new Mining Code in 2018, the contract continues to operate outside its framework, maintaining its independent tax structure.

Coastal subsidence, exacerbated by over-extraction of groundwater, rapid urbanization, and climate change, has already forced governments to take drastic measures to protect their populations.

Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, is sinking at an alarming rate of up to 6.7 inches per year, one of the fastest rates in the world. Studies suggest that much of the city could be underwater by 2050 if current trends continue. The government has responded with an ambitious and costly solution: relocating the capital. The $33 billion project, which aims to move the political and administrative hub to the island of Borneo, is expected to take around 10 years.

However, questions remain about how effectively this move will address the underlying environmental and socio-economic challenges associated with mass displacement.

In the United States, cities such as Houston and New Orleans are experiencing land subsidence at a rate of around 2 inches per year. This process, combined with intensifying hurricanes and storm surges, increases their vulnerability to catastrophic flooding. New Orleans, already below sea level, relies on extensive levee systems to prevent disastrous inundation.

Meanwhile, Miami has become the "poster child" for rising sea levels, facing more frequent tidal floods and saltwater contamination of drinking water supplies. Without intervention, these coastal cities may experience irreversible damage, displacing large populations and disrupting local economies.

Beyond the U.S. and Southeast Asia, Bangladesh faces one of the most severe threats from rising seas. With 17% of the country’s land at risk of submersion, an estimated 18 million people could be displaced by mid-century. Coastal erosion, intensified monsoons, and worsening cyclones add to the urgency of developing long-term solutions to prevent widespread humanitarian crises.

Countries known for their history of water management are implementing innovative solutions to combat the crisis. The Netherlands, famous for its engineering feats in flood control, is investing heavily in storm surge barriers, floating infrastructure, and multi-purpose water parks designed to absorb excess water. Bangkok, another vulnerable coastal city, has developed an 11-acre flood-resistant park that can store up to a million gallons of rainwater, serving as a model for urban resilience.

Despite these efforts, the global outlook remains concerning. Climate scientists project that sea levels could rise by as much as 6.6 feet by 2100, putting hundreds of millions of people at risk. To mitigate these risks, urban planning, infrastructure investments, and policy interventions must be prioritised.

Without urgent and coordinated action, many of the world’s major coastal cities could face irreversible damage, leading to economic turmoil and mass displacement.

As nations grapple with the reality of sinking land and rising seas, governments, scientists, and urban planners must accelerate efforts to implement sustainable and adaptive solutions. The choices made today will determine the fate of these cities and their ability to withstand the future climate challenges.

Major metropolitan centres driving growth

Tokyo, Japan

Home to nearly 30% of Japan’s population, Tokyo’s vast metropolitan area harmonizes cutting-edge infrastructure with historic landmarks. From neon-lit skyscrapers to the stunning backdrop of Mount Fuji, the city embodies a seamless blend of tradition and modernity.

Jakarta, Indonesia

As Indonesia’s economic powerhouse, Jakarta accommodates 10 million residents within the capital and 33.4 million across the greater Jabodetabek area. The planned relocation to Nusantara, the new capital, marks a major urban transformation. Migration—both domestic and international—continues to fuel growth in cities like Jakarta and Delhi.

Delhi NCR, India

India’s largest metropolitan region, with nearly 30 million residents, serves as a crucial political and commercial hub. Balancing its historic heritage, including landmarks like the Red Fort, with its role as an economic engine, Delhi NCR remains a key player in the country’s rapid urbanization.

"On a scale of destruction, we are not only talking about the infrastructure, where probably between 65% to 70% of buildings in Gaza have either been entirely destroyed or damaged,” Steiner told the AFP. “We are also talking about an economy that has been destroyed, where we estimate that roughly 60 years of development have been lost in this conflict over just 15 months.”

The UN estimates that around 42 million tons of rubble must now be cleared, a process made perilous by unexploded ordnance, landmines, and the risk of encountering unrecovered bodies. This cleanup will require meticulous planning and substantial international support to prevent further loss of life.

Steiner highlighted the collapse of basic public services, noting that Gaza’s two million residents now lack access to clean water , functional sewage systems, and waste management facilities. "You have to imagine, 2 million people who are in the Gaza Strip have lost not only their shelter, they've lost public infrastructure, sewage treatment systems, freshwater supply systems, and public waste management. All of these fundamental infrastructure and service elements simply do not exist," Steiner explained.

Rebuilding Gaza will require tens of billions of dollars, a financial commitment that Steiner acknowledged will be a significant challenge for the international community.

The U.S. government has imposed stricter sanctions on Russian oil producers and vessels, targeting companies like Gazprom Neft and Surgutneftegas, along with 183 ships involved in transporting Russian oil. This move aims to cut off funding for Russia's war in Ukraine and is expected to significantly reduce Russia's crude oil supply to its major customers, China and India, US News reports. As a result, both countries will likely turn to alternative sources for oil, mainly from the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas, which will increase oil prices and freight costs. Notably, the newly sanctioned vessels previously transported about 530 million barrels of Russian crude, predominantly to China and India. The sanctions may also affect the pricing of Russian oil, leading to discounts below $60 per barrel to utilise Western insurance.

India to showcase vision for AI, sustainability, and global leadership at WEF 2025

India will showcase its vision for artificial intelligence (AI), sustainability, and global leadership at the 55th World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting in Davos from January 20-24, 2025. The theme "Collaboration for the Intelligent Age" aligns with India's focus on technology, renewable energy, and global partnerships. According to India News Network , the delegation, led by Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw and representatives from six states, will participate in discussions on economic transformation, innovation, skill development, and sustainability. Key sessions will address sustainable investment opportunities in AI, infrastructure development, global partnerships, and India's role as a hub for chemical manufacturing.

India calls on Bangladesh to implement existing border management understandings

India urged Bangladesh to implement existing border management agreements and adopt a cooperative approach to address escalating tensions along their international boundary. As reported by Hindustan Times , Indian High Commissioner Pranay Verma conveyed this message during a meeting with Bangladesh’s Foreign Secretary Mohammad Jashim Uddin in Dhaka. Recent tensions arose after the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) acted against Bangladeshi smugglers, leading to claims of unauthorised fencing by India, which Dhaka contends violates bilateral agreements. Uddin expressed concern over BSF's actions, including the unauthorised construction of barbed wire and incidents of border killings, urging dialogue to resolve issues peacefully.

Air India aims to double international transit traffic in three years

Air India aims to double its international transit traffic, currently at 10% of its total, within three years, according to Chief Commercial Officer Nipun Aggarwal. Currently, less than 1% of transit traffic over India is handled in Delhi, which presents significant growth potential. The airline plans to enhance its connectivity to Southeast Asia and establish stronger ties in the Europe-Australia corridor. Aggarwal expects the share of international-to-international (I2I) traffic to rise to 15-20% in three years. Air India's revenue from premium cabins has increased significantly, leading to plans for more front cabin seats on widebody planes. The airline does not currently seek to wet lease planes, favouring dry leasing instead, and remains focused on strengthening its hubs in India to capture more international traffic, Business Standard reports.

India ready for Maha Kumbh Mela, world's largest religious gathering

India is preparing to host the Maha Kumbh Mela, the world's largest religious gathering, in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, from January 13 to February 26. Over 400 million pilgrims are expected to participate in rituals, prayers, and holy baths at the confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and mythical Saraswati rivers. The festival, rooted in Hindu mythology, occurs every 12 years and is considered more auspicious in its "maha" form, attracting the largest crowds. Key rituals include daily sacred bathing, especially on auspicious days like January 29 (Mauni Amavasya) and the culmination on February 26 (Maha Shivaratri). Preparations for the event are massive, including the creation of a temporary city with 150,000 tents, extensive amenities, and special transportation via 98 extra trains. Security is a priority, with 40,000 police personnel and advanced AI surveillance systems deployed, supported by a budget of 64 billion rupees ($765 million), NDTV World reports.

Some of these roads stretch for thousands of miles, offering memorable journeys through diverse landscapes.

In this article, we explore the longest highways in the world, as highlighted by Daily Passport and GEO Tab .

Pan-American Highway

The Pan-American Highway holds the title of the longest highway in the world, stretching approximately 48,000 km from Prudhoe Bay in Alaska to Ushuaia in Argentina. This incredible route travels across 14 countries.

Highway 1 (Australia)

Australia's Highway 1, also known as the "Big Lap," is the second-longest highway in the world and the longest national highway. It loops around the Australian coast, covering 14,500 km. This route connects cities such as Sydney, Brisbane, Darwin, Perth, and Melbourne.

Trans-Siberian Highway

The Trans-Siberian Highway in Russia is another monumental road, spanning 11,000 km from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok. This highway crosses Siberia, offering a glimpse into northern Russia's remote and often harsh landscapes. It's a journey through taiga forests, mountain ranges, and along the shores of Lake Baikal, the world's deepest freshwater lake.

Trans-Canada Highway

The Trans-Canada Highway is the world's fourth-longest highway, stretching 7,821 km from Victoria, British Columbia, to St. John's, Newfoundland. This route passes through Canada's diverse landscapes.

Golden Quadrilateral (India)

India's Golden Quadrilateral is a network of highways connecting the major cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata. It covers a total distance of 5,846 km. This highway network is crucial for India's economy as it facilitates the movement of goods and people across the country.

Luang Prabang, Laos, has been named the top destination in Asia for 2025 by Lonely Planet, known for its scenic beauty, old temples, and vibrant festivals. It ranks first, followed by Bangkok, Angkor Wat, and Hội An. The province recently received recognition in the 2024 Green Destinations Top 100 for its commitment to responsible tourism and the preservation of its architectural heritage, becoming the only selected site from Laos. According to Viet Nam News , Luang Prabang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1995, attracted over 1.9 million visitors in 2023, generating over $1 billion in revenue. Popular attractions include the Phu Si stupa and Kuangxi waterfall.

Suspected fraud ring member arrested in Osaka

Kento Yoshida, a 28-year-old suspected member of a fraud ring, was arrested in Osaka after fleeing from Laos five years ago. He is accused of defrauding two women in Japan out of approximately 500,000 yen ($3,181.04) via false emails related to unpaid website fees. The fraud ring operated in Thailand until its bust, affecting 26 victims and totalling around 300 million yen ($1.9 million) in losses. Police have made 28 arrests related to the case as reported by Tokyo Reporter .

Vientiane surpasses poverty reduction target

Vientiane, the capital of Laos, has achieved a significant milestone in poverty reduction, with 99.43% of its 156,392 families now above the poverty line. Only 899 families remain below this threshold. According to The Star , over 140,000 families and nearly 380 villages have reached developed status, although more than 10,000 families and over 100 villages still face developmental challenges. In 2023, Vientiane's economy grew by 5.85%, exceeding the National Assembly's target of 0.3%.

South Korea funds bridge upgrade and national road safety in Laos

The Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) has granted US$13 million for upgrading six bridges and enhancing road safety on National Road No. 8 in Laos. A groundbreaking ceremony was held in Vientiane, attended by key officials from both countries. The project aims to improve infrastructure along a crucial international route connecting Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam, and is part of efforts to strengthen bilateral relations, coinciding with the upcoming 30th anniversary of diplomatic ties. As reported by The Star , the initiative includes design consultancy, construction, installation of safety equipment, and training programmes, significantly enhancing trade and travel safety in the region.

Meuangfeuang district aims to attract visitors with ethnic festivals

Meuangfeuang district in Vientiane province is hosting the Sam Meun Toup Feuang festival from December 27 to January 1 to attract tourists. The festival features traditional thatched house displays representing various ethnic groups, local food stalls, live performances, and a night market. Visitors can dress in traditional costumes and experience living in straw-built houses. Entrance is free, and with picturesque scenery reminiscent of Guilin, China, Meuangfeuang has become a rising tourist destination. The district aims for 30 billion kips (over $1.4 million)in tourism revenue this year, having attracted 146,000 visitors in the first ten months of 2024, reports The Star .

The funding includes $41.47 million allocated to Senegal and $39.46 million to Guinea. The project will focus on constructing and asphalting key sections of the interstate road connecting Labé and Mali in Guinea to Kédougou and Fongolembi in Senegal. This critical corridor will facilitate the transport of forestry, agro-pastoral, and mining products to markets, benefiting local populations and traders.

Deputy Director General for West Africa at the African Development Bank (AfDB), Joseph Ribeiro, noted the initiative's importance, stating, “The African Development Bank is a strategic partner of the transport sector in the West African sub-region and beyond. The Bank’s involvement in this project confirms its leadership in infrastructure development on the continent, aimed at strengthening integration and furthering the African Continental Free Trade Area.”

The 240.71 km road comprises 178.11 km in Guinea and 62.60 km in Senegal. It will feature climate-resilient asphalt concrete, with one 3.60-meter lane in each direction and 1.5-meter hard shoulders. Additionally, 150 km of rural feeder roads (100 km in Guinea and 50 km in Senegal) and 20.26 km of urban paved roads will be constructed, including 14.26 km in the Guinean towns of Labé and Mali (not to be confused with the country of Mali) and six km in Kédougou, Senegal.

The improved road network is expected to benefit hauliers in Mali by providing better access to the port of Conakry via the southern Dakar-Bamako corridor, which passes through Kédougou.

Brazil's Ministry of Ports and Airports is launching the “AmpliAR Program,” which aims to invest R$7.3 billion in the modernisation of 102 regional airports. The initial phase will focus on R$3.4 billion ($5 million) for 51 underperforming airports, with auctions planned for 2025. The program allocates funds for upgrading 89 existing terminals and 13 new airports. The timeline includes public consultations within 30 to 40 days and bids expected by early February 2025, with contracts allowing one year for licensing and two years for investment execution. The government's strategy relies on involving major airport concessionaires to boost regional airport infrastructure, Valorinternational reports.

Coffee production

Coffee prices have surged to their highest level since 1977, with Arabica beans reaching 320.10 US cents per pound due to concerns about limited supplies from Brazil's drought-affected crop. Brazil, the leading coffee producer, faces significant production potential risks for 2025/2026, despite recent rains that aided flowering. Geopolitical factors, including shipping disruptions and regulatory changes, have further contributed to rising prices. Meanwhile, Vietnam's Robusta coffee supply is also under pressure, with prices hitting record levels, according to Barrons .

Digital assets

Brazil is proposing legislation to create a strategic Bitcoin reserve, potentially transforming its economic approach to digital assets. The initiative, known as the Reserva Estratégica Soberana de Bitcoins (RESBit), aims for up to $3 billion in Bitcoin holdings, managed by the Central Bank through secure "cold wallets" and biannual reporting. Congressman Eros Biondini emphasises the importance of this initiative for economic sovereignty and innovation, Crypto News Flash reports. Despite Brazil's status as the 10th largest cryptocurrency market and the rising trend of Bitcoin adoption globally, the proposal faces legislative challenges amid concerns over cryptocurrency volatility. This move aligns Brazil with a growing recognition of cryptocurrency's transformative potential within national financial systems.

Belgian, Sao Paulo partnerships

During an economic mission in São Paulo, Belgian companies and universities signed around 30 contracts with Brazilian partners across various sectors. Highlights included Leuven-based SME Turbulent's plan to develop innovative hydroelectric power stations and Zaventem-based Desmet's contract for a soybean processing plant aimed at establishing the world’s largest biodiesel production site. Additionally, Ghent's Terra Mater announced a collaboration to produce sustainable aviation fuel using Brazilian ethanol. Belgan News Agency reports that Belgian universities also formed partnerships with institutions in São Paulo. The mission, which included 170 delegates led by Princess Astrid, aims to foster long-term economic relations, with expectations of more contracts following this initial signing. Additional missions are planned for India and California.

Brazil participates in La Biennale di Venezia

Brazil has announced its participation in the 19th International Architecture Exhibition – La Biennale di Venezia, opening on May 10, 2025, with a pavilion curated by the Plano Coletivo group. Architects Luciana Saboia, Eder Alencar, and Matheus Seco will lead the project, focusing on socio-environmental challenges through a multidisciplinary approach that integrates architecture, nature, and social infrastructure. According to Arch Daily , the exhibition, titled "Intelligens," will explore how architectural practices can mediate between natural and built environments, responding to the Biennale's theme proposed by Carlo Ratti. The curatorial team will draw on Brazil's unique relationship with its environments and highlight the potential of collective intelligence to reshape habitation amid socio-environmental crises.