“Nothing from China allowed on the plane,” Goodin wrote on X as the delegation prepared to depart for the United States.

The White House has not officially confirmed the report, although such precautions are not uncommon during high-level visits involving geopolitical rivals.

The episode comes against the backdrop of longstanding tensions between Washington and Beijing over cybersecurity, espionage and allegations of state-backed hacking .

During the return flight, Trump was asked whether he had discussed reported Chinese cyberattacks targeting the United States with Chinese President Xi Jinping.

“I did. And he talked about attacks we did in China,” Trump told reporters aboard Air Force One. “What they do, we do too. We spy like hell on them too.”

Similar security measures were reportedly adopted earlier this year by Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney’s delegation during a trip to China.

According to a report by Canada’s National Post, officials travelling with Carney used burner phones throughout the visit, while personal and work devices were powered down and stored inside Faraday bags before entering Chinese airspace.

The burner phones were reportedly surrendered once the delegation had left Chinese airspace.

The measures reflect growing caution among Western governments over digital surveillance risks during official visits to China, particularly as concerns over cyber intrusions continue to strain relations between major powers.

Brazilian federal agents, working discreetly over recent years, have been methodically revealing the details of this espionage ring, which some experts have called a significant failure for Russian intelligence, comparable to the unmasking of a similar network in the U.S. around 15 years ago.

The investigation pointed to the start of these revelations as early as April 2022, coinciding with the onset of Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine. It began when the CIA tipped off Brazil's Federal Police regarding Victor Muller Ferreira, whose true identity is Sergey Cherkasov. He had recently gained an internship at the International Criminal Court as it began investigating potential Russian war crimes.

Cherkasov, who had spent almost a decade constructing his alias, is currently serving a five-year sentence in Brazil for document forgery. Brazilian officials suspect that he’s linked to the GRU, Russia’s military intelligence. His elaborate cover was dismantled when Dutch authorities rejected his entry into the Netherlands, leading to scrutiny of his Brazilian identity documents.

The investigation revealed that Cherkasov’s birth certificate claimed he was born in Rio de Janeiro to a mother who had actually died long before he was supposedly born. Agents couldn’t find any trace of his supposed family, which raised red flags about his identity and prompted a wider search for other operatives, leading to Operation East.

As the investigation progressed, it seemed some of the identified spies may have been ordered back to Russia by their superiors amidst growing global tensions. Significant attention has focused on the case of Olga Tyutereva, who reportedly returned to Russia and is now teaching, shedding her spy persona.

According to an FBI report, Cherkasov had been in Washington for two years before his exposure, providing intelligence on key U.S. officials’ responses to growing Russian military aggression on Ukraine’s borders before the full invasion happened in February 2022.

So, why Brazil? Jane Bradley, one of the Times’ co-authors, explained that Brazil’s diverse, multicultural environment makes it easier for spies to blend in. Additionally, Brazilian passports are powerful, granting access to numerous countries without requiring visas. Moreover, the Brazilian system for issuing birth certificates has loopholes, making it simpler to establish identities compared to many other nations.

As for what follows, it seems these spies may no longer operate abroad, as their identities have been compromised. However, the full ramifications of this espionage scandal continue to evolve as investigations proceed.