What happened

Why it matters

Context

Aftermath

According to ICE’s data , 56 people died in ICE custody between 2009 and 2017, during the Obama administration. From 2017 to 2020, under the first Trump administration, the number was 52. Between 2021 and 2024, during the Biden administration, ICE reported 26 deaths.

What emerges from ICE records and independent investigations is a pattern of medical vulnerability. Many of those who died had chronic illnesses, mental health conditions , or were recovering from trauma linked to migration and detention.

Causes of death listed by ICE include heart attacks, suicide, COVID-19 complications, dehydration, and other untreated or poorly managed medical conditions. Reviews cited by NPR and the American Immigration Lawyers Association have repeatedly found delays in care, ignored complaints, and failures to transfer detainees to hospitals in time.

What is obvious is how little this pattern changes with political leadership. Every administration has pledged improvements to detention standards, yet deaths continue to occur.

Immigration lawyers argue that detention itself is the central risk factor. Facilities are not designed to provide long-term or complex medical care, yet they routinely hold people with serious health needs.

The American Immigration Lawyers Association and other advocacy groups continue to push for alternatives to detention, particularly for asylum seekers and medically vulnerable individuals. They point to evidence that community-based supervision is not only safer but also more cost-effective and humane.

The record shows that deaths in ICE custody are not isolated incidents tied to a single president or policy shift. They are a recurring outcome of a detention system with longstanding medical failures and weak accountability.

The most pressing question now is no longer how the numbers compare across administrations, but why preventable deaths continue to happen in the first place..

The announcement received an immediate backlash among LGBTQ advocates. “I’m worried that this will give them permission to deny life-saving benefits and recognition of, you know, medical needs and marriages and identification cards,” an LGBTQ rights activist told AFP.

Another community member highlighted the far-reaching impact of the policies: “People died today, and we need to remember that because that is huge. These announcements and these policy changes really affect people on a deep level that I don’t think most, like cisgender people, understand.”

Trump’s executive orders rescinded 78 measures introduced under former President Joe Biden, many of which promoted diversity and equality in government, workplaces, healthcare, and LGBTQ rights. 

Among the repealed orders were initiatives supporting gender-affirming care and protections for transgender individuals in sports and other areas.

The move aligns with Trump’s broader criticism of what he calls “woke culture.” During his campaign, he repeatedly targeted gender diversity recognition and policies supporting transgender individuals, particularly transgender youth.

Here is a look at the winners from 2014 to 2024:

2014: The Ebola Fighters

In 2014, Time honoured the healthcare workers who risked their lives to combat the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. These brave individuals, including doctors, nurses, and volunteers, played a crucial role in controlling the epidemic and saving countless lives.

2015: Angela Merkel

German Chancellor Angela Merkel was named Person of the Year in 2015 for her leadership during the European debt crisis and her open-door policy for refugees fleeing conflict in the Middle East.

2016: Donald Trump

Donald Trump was recognized in 2016 following his unexpected victory in the U.S. presidential election. His campaign and subsequent election marked a significant shift in American politics.

2017: The Silence Breakers (#MeToo Movement Advocates)

The Silence Breakers, representing the individuals who spoke out against sexual harassment and assault, were honoured in 2017. This movement, which gained momentum with the #MeToo hashtag, brought widespread attention to issues of gender inequality and abuse.

2018: The Guardians

2018 Time recognised journalists who faced persecution, arrest, or murder for their work. This included Jamal Khashoggi, Maria Ressa, and the staff of the Capital Gazette, highlighting the importance of press freedom.

2019: Greta Thunberg

Teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg was named Person of the Year in 2019 for her efforts to raise global awareness about climate change and inspire a new generation of environmental activists.

2020: Joe Biden and Kamala Harris

In 2020, President-elect Joe Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris were jointly honoured for their historic election victory and their roles in promoting unity and empathy during a divisive time in American history.

2021: Elon Musk

Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, was recognized in 2021 for his significant influence on technology and space exploration. His ventures have pushed the boundaries of innovation and reshaped industries.

2022: Volodymyr Zelenskyy and the Spirit of Ukraine

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and the Spirit of Ukraine were honoured in 2022 for their resilience and leadership during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Their courage and determination inspired global support for Ukraine.

2023: Taylor Swift

Pop superstar Taylor Swift was named Person of the Year in 2023 for her cultural impact and record-breaking Eras Tour. Her influence extended beyond music, touching on social and political issues.

2024: Donald Trump

In 2024, Donald Trump was once again recognized for his remarkable political comeback and influence on American politics. His ability to energize voters and flip swing states secured his place in history.

John Dramani Mahama has been sworn in for his second term as President of Ghana. Following a decisive victory in the December 7, 2024, general elections. Mahama took the oath of office on January 7, 2025, at a ceremony held in Accra, presided over by Chief Justice Gertrude Torkornoo. His Vice President, Professor Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang, makes history as the nation’s first female vice president, which marks a progressive step in Ghana's socio-political framework. Mahama's administration sets clear priorities, with attention focused on addressing youth unemployment, driving economic recovery, enhancing healthcare systems, and developing infrastructure, thereby evidencing Ghana's robust commitment to democracy and governance.

Biden awards Ghanaian-born engineer with National Medal of Technology

Ghanaian-born engineer Dr. Victor Lawrence has been awarded the U.S. National Medal of Technology, conferred by President Joe Biden for his contributions to digital signal processing. His work has been pivotal in transforming communications from analogue to digital, significantly facilitating early internet access. Dr. Lawrence holds over 20 patents.

Mahama makes first appointments

President Mahama's first appointments have been made following his inauguration. Key personnel include Julius Debrah appointed as Chief of Staff, Dr. Callistus Mahama as Executive Secretary, Dr. Valerie Sawyerr as the Senior Presidential Advisor for Governmental Affairs, and Augustus Goosie Tannoh focusing on the 24-hour Economy and Export Development as a Presidential Advisor. These appointments are critical in establishing a competent administration capable of addressing the diverse challenges facing the nation.

Ghana’s largest clothes market devastated by fire 

A catastrophic fire devastated Ghana's Kantamanto market, one of Africa's largest clothes markets for second-hand clothing, raising concerns about economic prospects for many vendors. Traders are now pleading with the government to assist in restoring their livelihoods after more than 100 stores were destroyed and a large portion of the area was burned.

Inauguration of 9th Parliament mired by controversy

The inauguration of Ghana’s 9th Parliament has been mired in controversy linked to election irregularities in two constituencies. Issues regarding the Ablekuma North constituency in the regional capital, where no writ had been received, disrupted the roll call essential for electing the Speaker. In Akwatia in the east, a court injunction has hindered the acknowledgement of the elected MP, prompting concerns about potential legal ramifications for any members participating in proceedings under judicial constraints. 

Mixed feelings in Namibia a day after controversial elections

Namibian voters have voiced a mix of emotions after elections characterised by chaos, delays, and accusations of foul play. The contentious extension of the voting period has sparked widespread frustration, with many questioning the process's credibility. Read more here .

Biden’s long-awaited Africa trip to tout a win against China

Joe Biden departed for Angola on Sunday, December 1, fulfilling his promise to visit Africa. The trip will focus on a U.S.-backed railway project aimed at diverting critical minerals from China. This project, partly funded by a U.S. loan, connects the Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia to the Angolan port of Lobito, providing a fast export route to the West. Read more here .

Mahama vows to slash ministerial positions to reduce Ghana’s debt crisis

Former president and presidential candidate John Dramani Mahama plans to reduce the number of political appointees if he wins Ghana's December 7 election. He criticized the current number of government ministers as "excessive." Read more here .

Asia

War has no winners, Taiwan president says in visit to Hawaii

War has no winners, and peace is priceless, Taiwan President Lai Ching-te said on Saturday, November 30 in Hawaii, after visiting the Pearl Harbour memorial. Lai's sensitive two-day trip to Hawaii, officially a stopover en route to three Pacific island nations that maintain formal ties with Taiwan, has angered Beijing. Read more here .

Thailand protests Myanmar's navy firing at Thai fishing boats

Thailand protested an incident where Myanmar's navy fired on Thai fishing vessels, resulting in one fisherman drowning, two injuries, and dozens detained. Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra questioned claims that the boats had intruded into Myanmar's waters. Read more here .

Cyclone Fengal kills 19 in India and Sri Lanka

Cyclone Fengal killed at least 19 people in India and Sri Lanka, causing flooding in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry after crossing India's southern coast on Saturday. Puducherry experienced its heaviest 24-hour rainfall in 30 years, according to India's weather office. Read more here .

Uruguay's left returns to presidency as government vows friendly transition

Centre-left opposition candidate Yamandu Orsi won Uruguay's presidential election with 49.81% of the vote, defeating conservative Alvaro Delgado, who received 45.90%, according to official results with 99% of votes tallied. Read more here .

AI meets accessibility: How a Peruvian startup is making Latin American businesses inclusive

A Peruvian company, Yapaykuy, founded by engineer and entrepreneur Jorge Rojas Barnett, aims to transform businesses into inclusive spaces through innovative technology. Barnett believes that fair and respectful customer service is essential to combating discrimination. Read more here .

Argentina HIV patients, medics fear impact of Milei's spending cuts

Argentines living with HIV/AIDS and medics say spending cuts under President Javier Milei are harming treatment and could lead to more cases due to fewer condoms and tests. Milei's austerity drive aims to reduce the state size and address the fiscal deficit, resulting in frozen or capped public sector budgets. Read more here .

As African nations consider what this means for trade, immigration, and foreign policy, many wonder if Trump’s second term will signal new challenges or opportunities.

An “America First” foreign policy 

Ghanaian Political Analyst, Professor Etse Sikanku, anticipates that Trump’s "America First" policy will take precedence, potentially limiting cooperation with African countries. Sikanku suggests that under Trump, the US may become more inward-looking: “America is going to return to its isolationism…to take a backward seat when it comes to global affairs. They'll be less interested in internationalism, less interested in international cooperation, less interested in multiculturalism,” he told GSW’s Wonder Hagan.

African leaders extend congratulations 

Despite concerns, several African leaders have congratulated Trump, expressing a willingness to work with his administration. Somalian President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, whose country recently had a $1.1 billion debt cancelled by the Biden administration, conveyed his eagerness to collaborate on security and peace efforts. For Somalia, struggling with internal conflicts and insurgencies, partnership with the US remains critical.

Key policies of concern for Africa

Trade and economic policies

The future of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), a programme allowing African exports tax-free access to US markets, is now uncertain. Trump previously indicated he would not renew AGOA when it expires in 2025, advocating instead for a universal 10% tariff on foreign goods. This shift could disrupt the economic benefits that African countries currently enjoy, impacting trade-dependent sectors.

Immigration and travel restrictions 

Trump’s hardline stance on immigration is a concern for many Africans, as migration to the US is a path toward better opportunities for many. During his first term, Trump implemented a travel ban targeting several African nations. With migration at record levels—58,000 African migrants were reported at the US-Mexico border in 2023 alone—a renewed travel ban could further limit African migration options, especially for those fleeing conflict and poverty.

Climate policy and fossil fuels  

Africa’s leaders have voiced the need for support in addressing climate change while balancing energy needs. Trump’s policies on climate are likely to favour fossil fuel expansion, a stance he emphasised in a post-election speech promising to “amp up oil production.” 

“We have more liquid gold than any country in the world… More than Saudi Arabia. We have more than Russia,” said the president-elect to a jubilant Republican crowd.

African nations seeking investment in both fossil fuel and renewable energy may find the Trump administration supportive of the former but potentially restrictive on climate-focused funding.

LGBTQ rights and social policies  

US foreign aid policies under Trump are also likely to shift, particularly concerning social issues like LGBTQ rights. Trump’s stance may appeal to some African leaders who have criticised past US administrations for tying aid to social value conditions. Following Uganda’s recent upholding of an anti-gay law and Ghana’s passage of an anti-gay bill, leaders like Rwanda’s President Paul Kagame have expressed hope for a US partnership rooted in mutual respect rather than “imposing its views and ways of life.”

During his congratulatory message to Trump, Kagame said: “Your clear message has been that the United States should be a partner of choice that attracts by the force of its example, rather than by imposing its views and ways of life on others. I therefore look forward to working with you for the common benefit of both our countries in the years ahead.”

With Trump’s presidency set to begin on January 20, as per the American Constitution's 20th Amendment ,  Africans are preparing for a new era of US-Africa relations. Whether through changes in trade, immigration, or climate policy, Trump’s second term will undoubtedly have implications for the continent. 

His message was clear: the country must come together, regardless of political differences, to ensure a peaceful transition of power.

He urged Americans to see each other not as adversaries , but as fellow citizens, and to move forward with a sense of common purpose.

"Something I hope we can do, no matter who you voted for, is see each other not as adversaries, but as fellow Americans. Bring down the temperature. I also hope we can lay to rest the question about the integrity of the American electoral system - it is honest, it is fair, and it is transparent," he emphasised.

In his address, Biden reiterated his commitment to ensuring a smooth transition of power, having already spoken with Trump and invited him to the White House.

"Yesterday, I spoke with President-elect Trump to congratulate him on his victory and I assured him that I direct my entire administration to work with his team to ensure a peaceful and orderly transition. That's what the American people deserve," he added.

Here is a look at the U.S. presidents of the last four decades, according to White House history :

Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)

Reagan's presidency was marked by significant economic policies known as "Reaganomics," a strong stance against the Soviet Union, and the end of the Cold War. He was the 40th US president on the ticket of the Republicans.

George Herbert Walker Bush (1989-1993)

As a Republican and the 41st president, Bush oversaw the Gulf War and the fall of the Berlin Wall which navigated the end of the Cold War era.

Bill Clinton (1993-2001)

From 1993 to 2001, the Democrats Clinton's presidency saw economic prosperity, the signing of NAFTA, and the advent of the internet age.

George W. Bush (2001-2009)

George Walker Bush, a member of the Bush family and the Republican Party's presidency was defined by the response to the 9/11 attacks, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and significant domestic policies like the No Child Left Behind Act.

Barack Obama (2009-2017)

Obama's tenure focused on healthcare reform with the Affordable Care Act, navigating the Great Recession, and significant foreign policy initiatives like the killing of Osama bin Laden and Libya's Muammar Gaddafi.

Donald Trump (2017-2021)

Trump's term was characterised by major policy changes, an "America First" agenda, and often contentious domestic and international relations. Despite this, he has been re-elected as the 47th president in the 2024 elections.

Joe Biden (2021-present)

Biden's presidency has focused on addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, economic recovery, and rebuilding international alliances.

Despite numerous calls from the international community to lift the embargo, it remains firmly in place, significantly affecting Cuba's economy and its people.

During a press conference on Thursday, September 13, The foreign affairs minister of the country, Bruno Rodriguez, explained that "From March 1, 2023, to February 29 of this year, the blockade caused material damage and losses to Cuba amounting to 5.056 billion dollars."

In response, he urged the current US President, Joe Biden, to ease the sanctions in the remaining months of his tenure.

"The only honest, responsible, and serious thing the current occupant of the White House (President Joe Biden) could do would be to modify, in the remaining period of his term, the blockade policies he inherited earlier but has applied intensely and strictly."

The island nation's efforts to get the sanctions off its back is reflected in its unrelenting submission of documents of dissolution to the United Nations General Assembly for almost three decades.

In a recent document presented to the assembly, the country stated “It is not permissible, legal or ethical, that for decades a small country be subjected to a criminal policy of suffocation, with economic damages that exceed 164.,141.1 billion dollars at current prices.”

"I am firsthand witness that every day our President Joe Biden fights for the American people," she said from the South Lawn of the White House during an event honouring National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship teams from the 2023-2024 season.

On Monday, July 22, Harris' presidential campaign announced that it had raised $81 million in the first 24 hours since Harris announced she would seek the Democratic nominee.

While the presidential election is scheduled on November 5, the question remains: Will the Democrats proceed with Harris as the party candidate or choose another nominee?

On Sunday, July 21, Biden announced his decision to withdraw from the presidential race and endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris to replace him as the party's candidate in a statement posted on X.

"It has been the greatest honor of my life to serve as your President. And while it has been my intention to seek reelection, I believe it is in the best interest of my party and the country for me to stand down and to focus solely on fulfilling my duties as President for the remainder of my term," Biden wrote.

He expressed his intention to focus solely on fulfilling his presidential duties for the remainder of his term and said he will address the nation later in the week.

Following Biden's announcement, Vice President Kamala Harris declared her candidacy for the Democratic party nomination, vowing to unite the nation and defeat Donald Trump.

Harris said , "I will do everything in my power to unite the Democratic Party—and unite our nation—to defeat Donald Trump and his extreme Project 2025 agenda."

Former President Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton, who ran against Trump in 2016, endorsed Harris, urging Democrats to rally behind her candidacy.

Former President Barack Obama commented that Democrats would nominate an "outstanding nominee," but did not endorse any specific candidate.

While the presidential election is scheduled on November 5, the question remains: Will the Democrats proceed with Harris as the party candidate or choose another nominee?

Nicholas Opiyo, one of the petitioners' lawyers said on the X platform: "We will wait for the Supreme Court's directions and are optimistic for an expedited hearing of the case." The United Nations Human Rights office said in May, "We are appalled that the draconian and discriminatory anti-gay bill is now law. It is a recipe for systematic violations of the rights of LGBT people & the wider population. It conflicts with the Constitution and international treaties and requires urgent judicial review." "The enactment of Uganda’s Anti-Homosexuality Act is a tragic violation of universal human rights. I join with people around the world - including many in Uganda - in calling for its immediate repeal. We are considering additional steps, including the application of sanctions and restriction of entry into the United States against anyone involved in serious human rights abuses or corruption," said US President Joe Biden. 

What they said

"I plan on going in February after I am reelected" Biden is quoted to have said during discussions with Kenyan President William Ruto at the White House. The National Security Advisor, Jake Sullivan told the media that Biden intends to embark on the visit in his capacity as president of the United States of America. Meanwhile, senior administration officials have said that discussions between Biden and Ruto would include a wide range of topics, ranging from trade and debt relief to addressing challenges in Haiti, Ukraine, Sudan, and other regions, Reuters reports.

Southern African Development Community (SADC) has condemned the attempted coup in the Democratic Republic of Congo and commended the DRC army for foiling the insurgency. They called for adherence to the Protocol on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation and encouraged international support for the DRC people. According to the Chronicle , the leader of the attempted coup in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) on Sunday has been killed, and around 50 people, have been arrested, according to a spokesperson for the country's army. Gunfire erupted around 4 a.m. in the capital, Kinshasa. Armed men attacked the presidential residence in the city centre, stated spokesperson Sylvain Ekenge.

Coup leader a former captain

A former Congolese military captain led armed mutineers in a failed attempt to take over the president's residence and offices. Congolese forces are on high alert following the coup attempt. A former Congolese military captain, Malanga founded the opposition United Congolese Party (UCP) and spent a significant portion of his life in the US. Okay Africa reports that his family obtained political asylum when he was a child, and after many years in the DRC, he returned to the U.S. Before this, he ran for a parliamentary seat and was imprisoned by the administration of former President Joseph Kabila.

Biden-DR Congo flag controversy explained

A professor at Morehouse College unfurled a Democratic Republic of Congo flag behind President Joe Biden during his commencement address. The flag was a show of solidarity as security forces thwarted a coup attempt in the DRC. The United Nations reported a record high of 6.9 million internally displaced people in the DRC in October 2023 due to escalated violence. USA Today also added that Biden's address at the historically Black men's college was also partially overshadowed by pro-Palestinian protesters holding a rally organised under the banner of "Say No to Genocide Joe Speaking at Morehouse" about a mile away.

Americans identified as part of coup plotters

Two US citizens have been arrested for leading a failed coup to overthrow the government of Congo. The coup, led by opposition leader Christian Malanga, resulted in at least three deaths and dozens of arrests. The Independent adds that the US has vowed to cooperate in the investigation and the country's ambassador to Congo has expressed concern about the involvement of US citizens. The attackers targeted the country’s presidential palace and the residence of politician Vital Kamerhe.

Drones to fight rebel attacks

The Democratic Republic of Congo has received three new CH-4 Rainbow drones from China to use in the fight against rebels in the east of the country. This is part of a larger effort to enhance the capabilities of the Congolese military. Other African countries will also import Chinese military drones for defence. According to Military Africa , the affordability of Chinese drones, coupled with the less stringent conditions for their purchase, makes them an appealing choice for countries looking to enhance their defence capabilities.

However, the Ruto government's proposed tax adjustments including plans to eliminate VAT exemptions on essential items like bread, imposing higher taxes on mobile money transfers, and introducing an annual tax based on the value of motor vehicles have sparked debate across local media platforms and online forums, curating negative reviews for the president.

Addressing a group of Harvard Business School students at the state house, President Ruto reiterated his administration's commitment to bolstering tax revenues, despite the potential burden it may place on Kenyan citizens. He outlined ambitious targets, aiming to elevate tax revenues as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from the current 14% to 22%. 

“My drive is to push Kenya, possibly to 16 per cent this year. I want to leave it at 20 and 22 per cent over my term. It is going to be difficult, I have a lot of explaining to do, people will complain but I know that they will appreciate it,” he is quoted as saying.

  Dismissing assertions of over-taxation, Ruto challenged prevailing perceptions by citing empirical data. "Kenyans have been socialised to believe that they pay the highest taxes. Empirical data shows that Kenya, as of last year, had a fourteen percent tax as a percentage of revenue. Our peers on the continent average between twenty-two and twenty-five percent,” he said.

The first African leader to be hosted at the White House was Ghana’s former president John Agyekum Kufour in 2008 under the George Bush administration. 

The Chinese Ambassador Zheng Zeguang has been summoned to the UK Foreign Office over allegations of foreign interference on UK soil. Three men have been charged with assisting the Hong Kong intelligence service. A Foreign Office official said the office has been "unequivocal in setting out that the recent pattern of behaviour directed by China against the UK including cyberattacks, reports of espionage links, and the issuing of bounties is not acceptable." The Chinese Embassy has denied the charges and accused the UK of harassment and provocation. The UK government has also accused China of cyber espionage.

COVID-19 lockdown vlogger to be freed

Zhan Zhang, a Chinese citizen journalist, has served a four-year sentence for covering the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan. Despite expectations of her release, her whereabouts are still unknown, according to the BBC . Zhang was found guilty of "picking quarrels and provoking trouble," and her health deteriorated while in detention. Support for her release has been widespread, with concerns about her safety and continued restriction of her personal freedom. Her case is significant in shedding light on the suppression of independent journalism in China. "In China, journalists detained for their work often remain under detention or surveillance even upon completion of their prison terms," Reporters Without Borders advocacy officer Aleksandra Bielakowska said.

US hikes tariffs on goods from China

US President Joe Biden imposed new tariff hikes on goods from China, including electric vehicles, semiconductors, and other items. The goal is to create a level playing field for U.S. manufacturing in clean energy and catch up with China. "Bottom line is I want fair competition with China, not conflict," Biden said. Former President Trump criticised the move, and analysts warn it may affect inflation, USA Today reports.

First AI talks between Chinese and US envoys

US and Chinese envoys met on May 14 in Geneva to discuss national approaches to the use of artificial intelligence. The talks aim to open up dialogue between the two countries on the fast-growing technology, with a focus on potential risks and the need for safeguards, Fox News reports. The meeting is the first under an agreed-upon dialogue by Presidents Joe Biden and Xi Jinping in 2023.

Putin to make state visit

Russian President Vladimir Putin is set to visit China on May 16 to meet with Chinese leader Xi Jinping. The two allies will discuss cooperation in various fields and international issues. China has backed Russia in the conflict in Ukraine and continues to support Russia economically. Putin’s visit comes just ahead of the inauguration of Taiwan's next president and after Xi returned from a five-day trip to Europe, including visits to Serbia and Hungary, two nations perceived to be Russian allies, AP News reports.

Mexico increased import duties on 544 products by 5% to 50% for two years. The increase does not apply to goods from countries with Free Trade Agreements with Mexico. Media agency Clark Hill explained that the increase will impact imports from non-FTA countries like China, Brazil, and Indonesia. The increase will not affect certain industrial production mechanisms. The article also provides contact information for legal counsel and upcoming training programs.

Ecuador takes Mexico to Court

Ecuador has taken Mexico to the International Court of Justice for granting asylum to former vice president Jorge Glas, who was convicted of corruption. This has sparked disagreement and legal action between the two countries. Ecuador argues that Mexico violated international law and interfered with its internal affairs by granting asylum to a convicted individual, reports the Jurist News . President Daniel Noboa has stated that Ecuador will not allow any interference with its rule of law and sovereignty.

Mexico - US partnership

President Joe Biden and Mexican President López Obrador plan to increase enforcement measures to crack down on illegal migration, including tougher enforcement on railways, buses, and airports and more repatriation flights. Spectrum News indicated that they are working together to "effectively manage" migration and the U.S.-Mexico border and are directing their national security aides to implement concrete measures to reduce illegal border crossings. U.S. officials have credited Mexican authorities for a recent decrease in arrests at the U.S.-Mexico border and the two leaders are discussing potential executive actions to reduce further the number of migrants arriving at the southern U.S. border.

Economic growth

Mexico's economy grew by 0.2% in the first quarter, better than expected but slower than the previous year. The primary sector declined while services rose. This is the tenth consecutive quarter of growth, but it is slowing down due to challenges like tighter financial and difficult external conditions, U.S. News reported.

World's deepest blue hole discovered

The world's deepest blue hole was discovered in Mexico during a scuba diving expedition. Named Taam Ja’ Blue Hole (TJBH), it extends at least 1,380 feet below sea level, surpassing the previous record holder by 480 feet. The hole may be connected to the ocean via a network of tunnels and caves. Researchers plan to further explore its depth and potential interconnected system. Blue holes are water-filled vertical sinkholes formed in coastal regions with soluble bedrock, Wion News explained.

Sanctions against Venezuela have returned with renewed force. The U.S. government announced on Wednesday the reinstatement of sanctions targeting the energy sector in Venezuela, citing the failure of the Chavista regime to deliver on its promise of holding free elections. According to Lagrada , the temporary six-month license (General License 44) granted by the U.S. for the country to sell oil and gas on international markets expired the same night as the announcement. The countdown to the final date for companies to fulfil their contracts has begun, with the deadline set for May 31st. After this date, all sales must be completed, and comprehensive isolation will resume. While the U.S. government acknowledges that President Nicolás Maduro has fulfilled some election-related promises, such as updating the census and voter registrations, the official American stance is that many promises remain unfulfilled.

India to curb Venezuelan crude imports

India is expected to stop importing Venezuelan crude once U.S. sanctions are reinstated. This comes as a result of Washington's decision to ease sanctions on Venezuelan oil trade for six months. This move makes India one of the largest buyers of Venezuelan crude, reports Trade Winds . US sanctions on Venezuela have been in existence since the Trump administration. In light of the escalating human rights violations and pervasive corruption under the leadership of Nicolás Maduro, who has held power since 2013, the Trump Administration broadened U.S. sanctions. These measures now encompass financial restrictions, sectoral sanctions, and penalties targeting the government.

HPV vaccines scarcity

Venezuela has failed to provide the promised HPV vaccines amidst the lack of adequate sex education. According to Medical Xpress , this has resulted in a lack of awareness and access to the vaccine, leading to a high rate of HPV infections and cervical cancer. Accurate health care data in Venezuela is scarce, rendering it nearly impossible to determine the prevalence of HPV infection or the extent of vaccination coverage, whether through private means or by non-governmental organisations. The World Health Organisation's estimates on HPV vaccine coverage leave a void where Venezuela is concerned. This comes back to the government's failure to prioritise sexual and reproductive health, along with economic challenges, as the contributors to this problem, adds Medical Xpress.

Crypto for oil sales

According to Reuters , Venezuela has turned to cryptocurrency for its oil sales following new sanctions imposed by the U.S., a development that raises concerns for many. The most recent update from the Venezuelan state oil company PDVSA indicates plans to further explore cryptocurrency transactions for oil exports. A report by Venezuelan opposition figure Leopoldo Lopez, in collaboration with Kristofer Doucette, highlights the importance for democratic authorities to address the misuse of Venezuelan cryptocurrency under Nicolás Maduro's administration. Doucette, a national security expert at Chainalysis, emphasized the necessity of implementing robust anti-money laundering measures.

Presidential elections audit

Venezuela has started audits for the upcoming presidential elections, with the programme running until August 5th. Prensa Latina reports that the first phase will end on May 10, and the elections are scheduled for July 28th. Both national authorities and international experts view this evaluation and control process as a cornerstone of the Venezuelan electoral system, acknowledged as one of the finest in both Latin America and the global arena.

In October 2023, US President Joe Biden announced intentions to remove Uganda, Gabon, Niger, and the Central African Republic (CAR) from a special US-Africa trade program due to concerns over "gross violations" of human rights and lack of progress toward democratic governance.

Gallup's findings , however, reported a contrasting trend in other African nations, where more than half of the surveyed countries saw a notable increase in approval for US leadership. Countries like Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Senegal, Mauritania, Mozambique, and Tunisia witnessed double-digit rises in approval ratings. This surge in approval helped maintain Africa's mean endorsement of US leadership at 56%.

Globally, the report indicated that “the median percentage of people worldwide who approved of U.S. leadership in 2023, same as 2022.”

Despite the overall positive trend in Africa, some nations continue to express significant disapproval of US leadership. Libya, for instance, recorded the lowest approval rating on the continent at 23%, accompanied by a disapproval figure of 63%. Similarly, Somalia, Tunisia, and Namibia also reported higher disapproval ratings than endorsements.

The Gallup report was based on surveys conducted in over 130 countries across the world.

“I am deeply honored to receive a congratulatory call on the result of our election from the President of the United States, H.E. Joe Biden. I stand proud of the strong bond between Indonesia and the United States forged over many years of friendship and cooperation,” he wrote.

“We are committed to continue and enhance this partnership between our two great nations, and I look forward to working with you in the future,” he added.

Prabowo was officially declared the winner of the February 14, 2024 presidential elections by the Indonesian Election Commission (KPU) after securing 59% of the votes.

Indonesia’s election commission chief Hasyim Asy'ari in a livestream on March 20 announced the resounding win of Prabowo over rivals Anies Baswedan who received about 25% of the votes, and Ganjar Pranowo, who received 16%.

Prabowo is expected to take over the presidency of the Southeast Asian nation from outgoing President Joko Widodo in October.

His running mate Gibran Rakabuming Raka, President Jokowi's 36-year-old son, is set to become vice president.

In May 2023, Uganda's President Yoweri Museveni signed one of the world's toughest  anti-LGBTQ laws , including the death penalty for "aggravated homosexuality" and a 20-year sentence for "promoting" homosexuality amid other penalties.

This law follows similar bills  that were overturned in technicalities and passed by the Parliament in 2009 and 2014, drawing condemnation from the United States and aid donors as a tragic violation of human rights.

Sanctions for the 2014 anti-LGBTQ law

The U.S. responded with aid cuts, and redirection of funds including a $2.4m Ugandan community policing program and cancelled a US-sponsored military exercise. Western donors, including the U.S., halted and re-directed about $118m in aid to Uganda. It relocated all funds allocated for projects in Uganda to another African country.

The 2023 law saw President Joe Biden threatening aid cuts and other sanctions, including visa restrictions, while Uganda, alongside three other African countries, was removed from the African Growth and Opportunity Act (Agoa) in December, affecting Uganda's duty-free exports to the US.

Sanctions for the 2023 anti-LGBTQ law

In June 2023 U.S. President Joe Biden threatened to cut aid to Uganda and other sanctions, including visa restrictions , against Ugandan officials, saying the U.S. would hold accountable those who are responsible for abusing human rights in Uganda, "including those of LGBTQI+ persons."

Later in December, the U.S. removed Uganda and three other African countries as beneficiaries of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (Agoa) for the reason that they no longer met requirements, ending Uganda’s ability to export certain commodities to the US duty-free.

In the 12 months to June 2023, Uganda’s exports to the U.S. alone under Agoa totalled $70.7 million. The expulsion could impact not only Uganda's foreign exchange but also jeopardize thousands of jobs, especially in the agricultural sector, employing 72 per cent of the country’s workforce.

Museveni’s response

In August 2023, Museveni waged war on second-hand clothing resulting in the ban of its importation into Uganda, contending that the clothes belonged to dead Westerners.

Later in December, Ugandan President Museveni dismissed the sanctions as inconsequential, asserting that Uganda has the right to uphold its sovereignty without external interference.

Uganda's government accused the U.S. of pushing an "LGBT agenda" in Africa through sanctions.

Days after U.S. President Biden suspended Uganda from Agoa, Museveni told Biden he was wasting his time and Uganda didn’t need his support, stating that the nation would trade with those who respect them.

Museveni assured Ugandans that such trade restrictions and pressures "have no meaning" because Uganda is a nation of "wealth creators".

“Some of the people who get carried away by linking up with foreign interests forget our strengths. For somebody to come and say 'unless you follow what I'm telling you I’ll not.....'  they are really not serious,” Museveni was quoted by The East African .

According to Museveni, those exerting pressure are wasting their time, as some actors in the Western world overestimate themselves and underestimate Africa's freedom fighters.

“Some of the foreign actors erroneously think that African countries cannot move forward without their support. Certainly, as far as Uganda is concerned, we have the capacity to achieve our growth and transformation targets, even if some of the actors do not support us,” Museveni was quoted in a Global South World article.

The resilience displayed by Uganda, facing recurrent sanctions, leaves an impression that the East African nation might not be inclined to bow out in the immediate future .

Russia and North Korea past relations

Russian/Soviet relations with North Korea can be traced back to the aftermath of World War II when Japan surrendered in 1945, relinquishing its control of Korea. Efforts to create a unified Korean state failed, resulting in the establishment of Soviet-North Korea in 1948.

Throughout the 1960s, while the U.S. supported South Korea, the Soviet Union supported North Korea, but relations cooled due to political purges , concerns over ideological differences, and improved ties with China. In the early 2000s, Russian President Vladimir Putin reengaged with North Korea.

Since then, the ties have improved including the first meeting between North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and Putin at the  Russian Far East  in 2019.

The Ukraine war seems to have prompted a reassessment of their relationship. Signs include the Putin and Kim summit at a space centre in the Russian Far East in September 2023. There are reports that Kim has extended an invitation for Putin to visit the North Korean capital, and in October 2023, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov's visit to North Korea is seen as paving the way for Putin's upcoming visit.

What does North Korea want from Russia?

North Korea’s military is  the fourth-biggest  in the world however its conventional forces are considered outdated. North Korea seeks advanced weaponry, including fighters and air defences, from Russia to modernize its military and further its goal of uniting the Korean Peninsula under the DPRK flag.

Kim also desires Russian assistance with its spy satellite which has seen some failures recently, space launch vehicle and submarine   programs in advancing its intercontinental ballistic missile capabilities.

In addition, North Korea seeks broader diplomatic acceptance of its nuclear weapons status, a recognition that Russia, as a major power, can provide.

What does Russia want from North Korea?

On the other hand, Russia aims to meet its war materiel needs for the conflict in Ukraine by seeking military support from North Korea. Moscow requires artillery shells , and North Korea, known for its significant artillery power, can potentially supply these compatible munitions.

The two countries share compatible small arms, allowing North Korea to provide ammunition for Russian assault rifles. In exchange for North Korea's military support, Russia is likely to offer aid in the development of solid-fuel missiles and hypersonic missiles.

Mutual relationship

The alliance serves the common interest of both nations in undermining American power, driven by their shared grievances against the West and a desire to overturn the international order.

If either is threatened by an external actor such as the United States, they could launch a first-use policy of nuclear weapons. In addition, the two parties are highly capable cyberwar and cyber intelligence nations which can disrupt and steal sensitive government information. 

Despite multiple UN sanctions imposed on North Korea for its weapons and ballistic missile program, Putin asserted the existence of possible military collaboration between the two nations and North Korea has pledged full support.  

Unlikely permanent alliance

The alliance between North Korea and Russia is unlikely to be tight due to North Korea's commitment to its independence especially from larger powers. Russia, mindful of North Korea's unpredictability, also seeks to avoid alienating its strategic ally, China. While the two nations may offer mutual support in the short term, a long-term alliance seems improbable, with their relationship characterized more as a strategic alignment than a formal treaty, more like a give-and-take relationship. This pragmatic bond is driven by Russia's immediate need for artillery and small arms ammunition in the Ukraine conflict.

US response

North Korea-U.S. tensions have grown increasingly hostile during the Biden administration so an alliance with Russia would mean the worse for the U.S.

The U.S. is worried that North Korea might be supplying Russia with weapons in exchange for military assistance, including advanced technologies. The Biden administration is attempting to expose the potential deal, warning North Korea that it would “ pay a price ” if it supported Russia with lethal aid.

Experts also say that what North Korea will receive from Russia in return could pose a significant threat to U.S. interests and those of its allies.

Colombian President Gustavo Petro, a supporter of the Palestinian cause, stated on X that U.S. President Joe Biden "must act quickly to stop the genocide in Gaza." He also said that "the Israeli people must change their current government and open the path to a definitive peace based on the existence of two sovereign states."

Vice President meets with Pope Francis

Colombia's Vice President, Francia Márquez, and Pope Francis met at the Vatican on Thursday, December 14. After the meeting, Márquez posted a video on X, in which she shared that the two South American leaders discussed peace in Colombia, social justice, climate change, and "historical reparations for Afro-descendant and indigenous people who continue to experience the consequences of colonialism and slavery."

Scientific research vessel

The first scientific research vessel made in Cartagena, Colombia, set sail for Antarctica on Thursday, December 14. The vessel, named ARC Simón Bolívar, will carry out scientific projects and study the impact of the climate crisis on coastal regions. It is the largest ship built in Colombia for ocean research and is equipped with technologies for geophysical, oceanographic, and hydrographic studies, as reported by El Universal.

Colombian minerals company

The Colombian government presented a project that aims to create "the Ecopetrol for the mining sector". Ecopetrol is the largest petroleum company in the country. According to the Ministry of Mines and Energy, the initiative will help drive the transformation from primarily extractive mining to productive mining. It will also aim to generate wealth for the state.

Energy for Ecuador 

The Minister of Mines and Energy, Andrés Camacho, met with his Ecuadorian counterpart, Andrea Arrobo, to discuss the energy supply to the neighbouring country. Ecuador has been facing electricity shortages since late October due to drought affecting the operation of its hydroelectric plants. Colombia pledged to provide energy to Ecuador as long as its hydrological reserves allow it to do so. The minister posted on his X account: "We maintain our total commitment to our brotherly country, Ecuador, to provide all available energy, with the assurance of having energy back for the strongest period of the El Niño phenomenon in Colombia. That's what the climate cooperation we proposed to the continent is all about."

What they said

President Joe Biden in his letter to the Speaker of the Senate said, “Despite intensive engagement between the United States and the Central African Republic, Gabon, Niger, and Uganda, these countries have failed to address United States concerns about their non-compliance with the AGOA eligibility criteria.  Accordingly, I intend to terminate the designation of these countries as beneficiary sub-Saharan African countries under the AGOA, effective January 1, 2024.” President Yoweri Museveni in a statement following the announcement of the impending ban also said, “Some of these actors in the Western world overestimate themselves and underestimate the freedom fighters of Africa. On account of some of the freedom fighters making mistakes of philosophy, ideology, and strategy, some of the foreign actors erroneously think that African countries cannot move forward without their support. Certainly, as far as Uganda is concerned, we have the capacity to achieve our growth and transformation targets, even if some of the actors do not support us.”

The Angolan government plans to establish 100 climate control and accident prevention stations across the country. The Angolan Minister of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication at a climate disaster prevention event by Kenyan President William Ruto in Dubai on December 3 said over 80 climate control and accident prevention stations are currently operational, local media Jornal de Angola reports.

White House visit

Angola's President João Lourenço met with US President Joe Biden for the first time in the Oval Room of the White House, expressing openness to strengthening economic partnerships and interests in energy, transport, and space exploration, Angolan state media Angola Press reported. President Lourenço told reporters that President Joe Biden's pledge to see the African continent developed is demonstrated by US participation in the Lobito Corridor and other sustainable energy and telecommunications initiatives. "These infrastructures will help not only Angola but a large part of the continent," he is quoted by the Angola Press .

Persons living with HIV

About 310,000 people in Angola are living with HIV/AIDS, including 35,000 children from birth to age 14, the state-owned media reported. The Angolan Secretary of State for Health for Hospital Area, Leonardo Innocent at the World Day to Combat HIV/AIDS event on December 1 told reporters that 58% of people living with HIV are aware of their serological status and 49% of adults living with HIV benefit from retroviral treatment. He added that the number of counselling and testing services in Angola had increased from 15 in 2004 to 2,714 in 2022, and antiretroviral treatment services for adults increased from 3 to 889.

SADC High-Level Forum

Angola’s President João Lourenço chaired the High-Level Forum on the Great Green Wall of Southern Africa initiative in Dubai, UAE, focusing on mitigating environmental issues in the region. President Lourenço announced that the SADC will invest in human and financial capital in 2024 to promote sustainable industrialisation in the southern part of the continent, the Angola Press reports. He also called for more funding to trigger concrete actions before the next Summit of Heads of States. "The indicative US$27 billion for the implementation of the SADC Great Green Wall Initiative is not close to the financing needs in the region, therefore we need to increase our budget," he is quoted by Angola Press.

Tomato processing factory

Angola’s tomato concentrate factory in the Benguela province, western Angola is set to start operations in March 2024, with a processing capacity of 150 tons per day, the Angolan state media reports. The factory is part of the nation’s Agro-Industrial Complex and aims to transform tomatoes into mass or pulp also includes a cold store and a canning factory to be used as packaging. The management of the complex will be taken over by the private agriculture business group Adérito Areias, under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry's supervision, the state media reports.

Biden emphasized that this is a "day-by-day path," and outcomes are not guaranteed. He reiterated that the war would only end when "Hamas no longer controls any part of Gaza" and called for the "complete destruction" of the Hamas group, advocating for a "two-state solution" for Israel and Palestine.

John Kirby, the strategic communications coordinator of the American National Security Council, stated on Monday, “We hope to see a further extension of the suspension (of war), which depends on the continued release of hostages by Hamas." 

"We hope that Americans will be among the hostages released in the next two days. We expect that 8 to 9 Americans are at the disposal of Hamas, but we do not know their situation." 

Hamas has expressed interest in extending the temporary ceasefire but has set conditions, indicating a willingness to do so if there is a serious effort to increase the number of Palestinian prisoners released by Israel.

Wang's visit will commence with a meeting with Secretary of State Antony Blinken, who visited Beijing in June and will host his counterpart for a private dinner.

Meanwhile, Biden has extended an invitation to President Xi for a summit of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in San Francisco next month. This would mark the first meeting between the two leaders in a year.

American officials have frequently emphasized the need to establish "guardrails" to mitigate worst-case scenarios and have made attempts, albeit unsuccessfully, to reestablish communication between the two militaries. These efforts persist, despite strong disagreements between the two powers on matters spanning trade to Taiwan.

"We're going to compete with China (in) every way according to the international rules - economically, politically, in other ways. But I'm not looking for conflict," Biden said Wednesday as he welcomed Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese.

Additionally, President Biden issued a cautionary statement in response to allegations made by the Philippines, a treaty-bound ally and former U.S. colony. The Philippines claimed that Chinese vessels intentionally collided with Manila's boats in waters marked by disputes, although Beijing disputed this account.

"Any attack on Filipino aircraft, vessels, or armed forces will invoke our mutual defense treaty with the Philippines," Biden said.

Biden mentioned that he had previously engaged in discussions with Xi regarding the concerns expressed by the Chinese leader.

"No, we're not surrounding China; we're just making sure that the sea lanes remain open, the US President said.

China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning expressed optimism that Wang's visit would contribute to reestablishing healthy and stable development in relations with the United States.

Tensions have notably escalated concerning Taiwan, a self-governing democracy claimed by Beijing. In the past year, Taiwan has initiated significant military exercises in response to actions taken by U.S. lawmakers.

The United States has increased its military support for Taiwan out of concern that China might be advancing its intentions to take control of the island. However, U.S. officials are hopeful that China may reconsider its actions due to the challenges it faces in Ukraine.

The US President emphasized the resoluteness of the United States' defense commitment to the Philippines, emphasizing that any attack on Filipino aircraft, vessels, or armed forces would trigger the Mutual Defense Treaty between the two countries.

"I want to be very clear. The United States defense commitment to the Philippines is ironclad," Biden said.

"Any attack on Filipino aircraft, vessels, or armed forces will invoke our Mutual Defense Treaty with the Philippines," he emphasized.

Beijing has claimed a vast portion of the South China Sea, which includes areas within the Philippine exclusive economic zone, disregarding a 2016 international ruling that invalidated its claims.

Meanwhile, Ayungin Shoal is situated approximately 200 kilometers from Palawan and over 1,000 kilometers from China's nearest major landmass, Hainan Island.

The Australian Prime Minister, meanwhile, stressed the increasing importance of their ties in today's unpredictable world. This visit underscores the significance that Washington places on Australia, a longstanding ally, as a key element of its strategy in the face of China's growing assertiveness in the Asia-Pacific region

The leaders also reviewed progress on the AUKUS deal involving Australia, Britain, and the United States, which will result in Australia acquiring nuclear-powered submarines.

Other discussions include announcements related to technology, climate change, and plans to enhance internet connectivity and maritime infrastructure in Pacific island nations where China has been attempting to expand its influence.