The bill still requires a vote in the National Assembly, but Sonko’s party controls parliament.

Sonko said the government could toughen penalties without reclassifying the offence as a more serious crime. “We can achieve the intended objectives without going so far as to elevate the acts,” he said.

The proposed amendments also relate to child sexual abuse, an issue that campaigners say is often conflated with same-sex relations in public debate. Sonko told lawmakers, “If the act is committed with a minor, the maximum sentence will be imposed.”

Rights groups have warned that conditions for LGBTQ+ people have worsened in recent years. Human Rights Watch said the detention of 12 men in Dakar in February on charges including “acts against nature” has heightened fears and stigma, particularly amid sensational media coverage.

Citing a 2017 study by “Sulaiman et al”, Zulkifli said factors such as “societal influence, sexual experiences, work stress and other personal factors” could contribute to what he described as “ LGBT-related behaviour .” 

He added that there were no comprehensive official statistics on the size of the LGBTQ population in the country.

Comment draws flak

The remarks triggered swift backlash online, with social media users questioning both the logic and scientific basis of the claim. 

Several comments mocked the suggestion that stress could affect sexual orientation, with one widely shared post quipping that, by such reasoning, entire workplaces should have “turned gay ” by now.

While the comments were widely lampooned, LGBTQ advocates said the episode reflected a deeper and more troubling pattern of state-sanctioned stigma.

“This misinformation reinforces the assumption that LGBT people’s sexual orientation and gender identity can be corrected, changed or are not real or as valid as cisgender heterosexual identities,” Thilaga Sulathireh of LGBTQ rights group Justice for Sisters told This Week in Asia.

“The fact is diversity in sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics is completely natural and normal. This has been proven by medical and other bodies,” Thilaga added. “The minister must retract and correct the misinformation.”

Big picture

Under Malaysian law, certain consensual same-sex acts remain criminalised under colonial-era provisions of the federal Penal Code. Muslims may also face prosecution under state-level sharia laws for same-sex conduct or gender expression. 

Zulkifli has previously said individuals suspected of such offences may be subjected to counselling or rehabilitation programmes if evidence is insufficient for prosecution.

Rights groups warned that official statements linking sexuality to stress or moral failure risk further marginalising an already vulnerable community, particularly when coupled with heightened enforcement and public condemnation.

The reform follows a ruling by the Corte Constitucional de Colombia, which demanded that the registry adapt its systems to allow gender markers beyond the traditional “male/female” binary. Implementation involved extensive technical adjustments, updating databases, printing systems and digital ID frameworks, to ensure that both physical and digital documents reflect the new options: “NB” for non-binary and “T” for trans.

For many in the LGBTQ+ community, this legal recognition goes beyond paperwork. It represents official validation of identities historically invisibilised by the state. According to advocates, having identity documents that reflect one’s self-perception is fundamental to accessing other civil rights , from employment and healthcare to political participation.

This reform also places Colombia among a growing list of countries seeking to modernise the concept of gender in state administration. By decoupling legal identity from rigid binary norms, the country signals a shift towards more inclusive policies a change that could set a precedent for other nations navigating the complexities of gender, identity and rights in a globalised world .

One such couple is Hitomi Inoue, a 46-year-old veterinarian, and Junko Urimoto, a 45-year-old veterinary nurse, who live together in Osaka. Though they held a wedding ceremony and pledged to spend their lives as partners, the census refuses to recognise their relationship.

In past surveys, Inoue listed herself as “head of household,” while Urimoto tried to register as “spouse.” Instead, census officials changed her status to “other relative.” “We are not just cohabiting,” Inoue said. “We are life partners. But the census makes us disappear,” she told The Asahi Shimbun.

A ministry official said the policy exists because same-sex marriage is not legally recognised in Japan, and to prevent people from incorrectly registering friends or roommates as spouses. As a result, the census form still enforces a definition of “family” rooted in heterosexual marriage.

Professor Saori Kamano of Waseda University warned that removing LGBT households from official data has real consequences. “The census covers everyone, it guides national policy. If LGBT families are not counted, their needs will never be reflected in laws or services,” Kamano said.

Although over 530 municipalities across Japan now issue partnership certificates to same-sex couples, covering 92.7% of the population, the national government still does not recognise these unions.

“Satire isn’t complicated”, she says. “You just put reality out there, what’s funny is the truth”. This approach has allowed her to engage with thousands, tackling issues of human rights, politics , and social inequality with a unique blend of wit and analysis.

Her path, however, has not been without obstacles. As a trans woman with a distinct voice and style, Sarah has faced bullying and exclusion, both online and in professional spaces. Instead of silencing her, these experiences pushed her to turn vulnerability into strength, using humor and activism as tools of resistance.

For Sanabria, activism is inseparable from journalism. For eight years, she has campaigned for LGBTQ+ rights, women’s rights, and broader human rights causes. Beyond raising awareness online, she believes in “ground-level activism”, what she calls “ant work” — helping people directly and pushing for change from the grassroots up.

Despite barriers in traditional media — which she argues often favor narrow, Eurocentric standards — Sanabria has embraced social platforms as tools for democratizing journalism. “If people demand it, you have to adapt”, she says. “No social network is bad; they’re just new spaces to tell stories”.

Now, she aims to consolidate her voice as a satirical journalist and activist who challenges the status quo while empowering others to see the world differently.

At 92, Cameroon’s President Paul Biya has announced his bid for an eighth term in the October 12 election, aiming to extend his 43-year rule. In a post on X, Biya cited “insistent calls” from citizens to run again. In power since 1982, he scrapped term limits in 2008 and has never lost an election. His bid comes amid growing criticism over alleged corruption, embezzlement, and poor governance. If re-elected, Biya would remain in office until nearly 100.

Cameroon’s economic update: Harnessing forests and natural wealth for sustainable growth

The World Bank has released its 2025 Cameroon Economic Update, titled “Cameroon’s Green Gold: Unlocking the Value of Forests and Natural Capital.” The report emphasises sustainable forest and resource management as drivers of inclusive, resilient growth, while offering a detailed analysis of recent economic trends and outlook. In 2024, Cameroon’s GDP grew by 3.5% (up from 3.2% in 2023), boosted by cocoa prices, cotton yields, and power supply improvements. Inflation dropped sharply from 7.4% to 4.5%, aided by tighter monetary policy and price controls. The current account deficit narrowed to 3.4% of GDP, though the fiscal deficit widened to 1.5% due to rising expenditures and weaker revenues. Public debt inched up to 46.8%, mainly from external borrowing.

Société Générale signs agreement with Cameroon to sell Société Générale Cameroun

Société Générale has agreed to sell its 58.08% stake in Société Générale Cameroun to the State of Cameroon, which would raise its ownership to 83.68%. The state will assume all operations, clients, and employees of the subsidiary. The deal, pending regulatory approval, is expected to close by end-2025 and boost Societe Generale’s CET1 ratio by about 6 basis points.

Cameroon LGBTQI groups host "impactful" cultural event

On July 3, Yaoundé’s Kyriakides Park came alive with “Spectacle Culturel,” a vibrant event celebrating diversity in the arts under the theme “For an inclusive and non-discriminatory artistic environment.” Organised by the Unity platform, a coalition of 39 civil society groups, and coordinated by CAMFAIDS, the show featured theatre, music, slam, and dance to highlight LGBTQI rights and fight stigma in the cultural sector. Unity president Michel Engama stressed the event’s goal to amplify silenced voices, while CAMFAIDS' Ebenezer Munkam called it a vital step toward building a more inclusive and equitable artistic world in Cameroon.

Cameroon priest says synodality counters ‘nauseating’ politics

In sharp contrast to the “nauseating” and divisive nature of Cameroon’s electoral politics, Father Humphrey Tatah Mbuy is calling for a renewed focus on synodality, a path rooted in unity, listening, and inclusion, as the nation prepares for its 2025 elections and Jubilee Year of Hope. Mbuy described synodality as a “spiritual renewal” that prioritises truth, honesty, and fraternity, unlike election tactics marked by manipulation and exclusion. He noted the challenge facing Christian politicians caught between political strategy and the Church’s call for inclusive, Christ-centred leadership. As both politics and the Church demand action in 2025, Mbuy stressed that synodality offers a hopeful alternative where “no one is left behind” in building a unified people of God.

Police in Istanbul on Sunday detained more than 50 individuals attempting to participate in a banned LGBTQ+ Pride march, according to activists and an opposition lawmaker. The Istanbul Governor’s Office had prohibited the event, citing concerns over “social peace, family structure, and moral values.” Authorities deployed a heavy police presence across central areas, effectively blocking large gatherings. Officers reportedly clashed with activists displaying rainbow flags. Pride marches have been officially banned in Istanbul every year since 2015.

Turkish authorities detain 109 in Izmir as opposition crackdown widens

Turkish police detained 109 people, including opposition politicians and a former mayor, in the western city of Izmir on Tuesday as part of a corruption investigation, according to state-run Anadolu Agency . The operation, ordered by the Izmir prosecutor, targeted 157 individuals over alleged corruption, tender rigging, and fraud. Authorities are still searching for the remaining 48 suspects. Among those detained are senior members of the opposition Republican People's Party (CHP), including former Izmir Mayor Tunc Soyer and a provincial party chairman. CHP lawmaker Murat Bakan likened the operation to earlier arrests in Istanbul, stating on social media that the judiciary appeared to be "acting on instructions."

Turkey enforces new crypto rules

Turkey has introduced strict new regulations on cryptocurrency transactions to enhance transparency and combat illicit activity, the Financial Crime Investigation Board (MASAK) announced on June 28. Published in the Official Gazette, the measures fall under Law No. 5549 and apply to Crypto Asset Service Providers (CASPs). Key changes include mandatory waiting periods, transfer limits, and enhanced anti-money laundering (AML) obligations. Under the new rules, (1) Crypto transfers face a minimum 48-hour delay, and first-time withdrawals from storage accounts require a 72-hour waiting period, (2) All transactions must include verified user identification and a minimum 20-character description. (3) Transfers are capped at $3,000 per transaction and $50,000 daily between platforms. (4) CASPs must implement internal risk management systems, undergo independent AML audits, and report suspicious activity.

Turkey-Libya maritime deal amid Greek opposition

Eastern Libyan authorities signalled support over the weekend for the controversial Turkey-Libya maritime memorandum , as tensions between Greece and Turkey escalated further. Benghazi-based “Prime Minister” Osama Hamad publicly backed the agreement, while lawmakers in Tobruk announced plans to hold a parliamentary vote on ratification within the week. The European Union has condemned the memorandum as illegal. Greece, which has opposed the deal since its signing in 2019, sees it as a direct threat to its maritime interests and a longstanding obstacle in its strained relations with Turkey.

Turkey urges continued Iran-Israel ceasefire in talks with UK foreign secretary

Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan met with British Foreign Secretary David Lammy in Ankara on Monday, calling for sustained efforts to uphold the ceasefire between Iran and Israel following their recent 12-day conflict. The meeting, part of Lammy’s first official visit to Turkey since taking office, also included talks with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Fidan stated that one of Turkey’s current strategic priorities is to ensure the ceasefire is maintained and to work toward lasting regional peace.

“We are still very vulnerable, we are attacked a lot. Every 48 hours, a person from the community dies in Colombia. We still lack a lot of culture , we lack a lot of love,” 28-year-old agricultural engineer Ingrid Chacon told AFP.

Another participant, 32-year-old fashion designer Andrew Lopez, expressed solidarity with those unable to join the march. “Today, I come for the people who cannot raise their voices, for the people who cannot be here demonstrating, for the people who have not been able to attend and for the rights that are lacking in our community,” he said.

While Colombia's constitution includes protections based on sexual orientation and gender identity, LGBTQ+ individuals continue to face high levels of violence. In 2022, human rights organisation Colombia Diversa reported 148 killings of LGBTQ+ people, including 28 believed to be motivated by prejudice. 

That same year, the organisation also documented 97 incidents of police violence affecting 107 LGBTQ+ individuals. According to the Attorney General’s Office, 134 LGBTQ+ people were killed between January and November 2023.

Currently being finalised before parliament, the Criminal Justice (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill includes revisions to the country’s Penal Code (Section 176) and will reinforce Tanzania’s existing position on marriage and public morality.

According to Deputy Minister for Constitution and Legal Affairs, Jumanne Sagini, one of the proposed changes would affect Section 176 of the Penal Code, which is expected to include new language to clamp down on behaviour considered to violate public morals, including same-sex relationships.

Sagini made the statement on June 09 in parliament, in response to a question raised by Member of Parliament Noah Sautu, who asked when the government planned to amend the Marriage Act to explicitly ban same-sex unions.

In reply, the Deputy Minister said that the country’s law already defines marriage as a voluntary union between a man and a woman, adding that Tanzanian law recognises both monogamous and polygamous marriages but does not allow or acknowledge any other form of union.

He further stated that any marriage that falls outside this legal definition, including those between partners of the same sex, cannot be accepted under current Tanzanian law .

Sagini also noted that the new legal changes follow recommendations from the Criminal Justice Commission, which has called for updates to legislation that would address what the government refers to as immoral conduct.

Thailand launched its annual LGBTQ+ Pride Month celebrations on Sunday, June 1, with a Pride Parade in Bangkok, the first since the legalisation of same-sex marriage earlier this year. Participants marched with rainbow flags, joined by political figures including Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra. The recently enacted Marriage Equality Act makes Thailand the first Southeast Asian nation and the third in Asia to legalise same-sex marriage.

Opal Suchata Chuangsri becomes first Thai woman to win Miss World title

Opal Suchata Chuangsri, 22, became the first Thai woman to win the Miss World title on Saturday, May 31. She was crowned at the 72nd edition of the international pageant held in Hyderabad, India, after competing among 108 contestants worldwide. In her first official address, Chuangsri described the win as a shared dream for young women seeking visibility and change. She is a native of Phuket and is currently studying international relations at Thammasat University. She speaks Chinese, English, and Thai.

Thailand set to benefit from Pride Month boost in rainbow economy sectors

Thailand is among several countries expected to gain from increased economic activity linked to Pride Month in June, particularly in tourism, entertainment, and lifestyle sectors. The rainbow economy is expanding rapidly, driven by the global LGBTQIAN+ community, estimated at 400–800 million people, or 5–10% of the world’s population. According to Coherent Market Insights, the global LGBTQ+ travel market is projected to reach US$357 billion (11.71 trillion baht) by 2025, with potential growth to US$604.34 billion (19.34 trillion baht) by 2032. Marriage equality legislation is expected to boost both tourism and investment. The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) estimates that LGBTQIAN+ tourism alone could generate US$2 billion (65.59 billion baht) annually.

Thailand’s first-ever world No. 1 clinches badminton title

After becoming Thailand’s first-ever men’s singles badminton player to be ranked world No. 1, Kunlavut Vitidsarn won the men’s singles title at the Singapore Open 2025 on Sunday, defeating China’s Lu Guang Zu 2-0 in 37 minutes. This marks Vitidsarn’s fourth title of the year. Recently promoted to the unofficial world No. 1 ranking, Vitidsarn dominated the match, taking the first game 21-6. Despite Lu’s attempts to recover in the second game, unforced errors allowed Vitidsarn to maintain control and close out the match 21-10. The victory extends Vitidsarn’s head-to-head lead over Lu to 6–1.

Thailand to close border checkpoints with Cambodia following troop clash and boycott threats

Thailand will close six permanent and ten temporary border crossings with Cambodia, including the Preah Vihear and Ta Muen Thom tourist checkpoints, in response to rising tensions. A May 28 clash between Thai and Cambodian troops near Chong Bok in Ubon Ratchathani Province resulted in one Cambodian soldier killed and several injured. The incident triggered nationalist backlash in Cambodia, with social media users calling for a boycott of Thai products. Thai security agencies cited safety concerns for border communities and cross-border traders as the reason for the closures.

It will begin at the National Stadium and pass major city landmarks including Siam Discovery, Siam Paragon, and Wat Pathum Wanaram, before ending at the busy Ratchaprasong intersection.

Organised by the Thai government , Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA), and local partners, the 2025 Bangkok Pride Parade aims to promote acceptance and equality for all.

A key highlight will be the unveiling of a 200-metre rainbow flag, the longest of its kind in Thailand.

“This parade is not just a celebration, it is a public statement that Bangkok stands for equal rights, space, and dignity for everyone,” BMA spokesperson Aekvarunyoo Amrapala was quoted as saying.

Pride Month is celebrated around the world every June, marking the anniversary of the 1969 Stonewall Riots in New York, a turning point in the global movement for LGBTQ+ rights.

Bangkok Pride 2025 will feature five sections in the parade, each symbolising themes such as love, creativity, identity, and community.

The BMA said this year's march is particularly meaningful following the enforcement of Thailand’s Marriage Equality Law in January.

In addition to the parade, a three-day Pride Forum will run from May 30 to June 1, offering talks on human rights, health, the environment, and the economy.

The Bangkok Pride Awards will also be held on May 31 to honour those who have supported LGBTQ+ rights.

This year, Pride events will take place in more than 40 provinces across Thailand.

On 24 May 2025, Governor Marcelo Orrego announced the delivery of twelve fully equipped ambulances to public hospitals across eight departments in San Juan, Argentina, TV Brics reports. This initiative aims to enhance emergency response and patient transfer efficiency, particularly in remote areas. Additionally, two mobile operating theatres were provided for outbreak responses and field surgeries, and a mobile vaccination centre was established to accelerate immunisation efforts in underserved communities, as reported by Ahora San Juan.

Venezuelan Opposition figures speak out

Five Venezuelan opposition figures, having sought refuge in the Argentine embassy in Caracas for over a year, publicly shared their experiences after arriving in the United States. They characterised their departure as part of an extensive rescue operation, which the Venezuelan government disputes, labelling it a negotiation, according to reports from AP.

Political leaders defend press freedom in Argentina

In response to attacks on journalists by President Javier Milei, Argentine political leaders signed a declaration reaffirming their commitment to press freedom. The statement condemns governmental intimidation tactics against the media, demanding collective efforts from political entities and civil society to uphold freedom of expression. The declaration coincided with stricter accreditation rules for journalists, emphasising the importance of ethical political conduct, as outlined in their release.

Same-sex couple advocates surrogacy normalisation in Argentina

A same-sex couple in Argentina is lobbying for national legislation to regulate surrogacy, as the current legal framework remains unstructured. Their efforts underscore the need for clearer policies to protect parental rights and address the challenges faced by same-sex couples wishing to start families, as reported by CNN .

UAE leaders send congratulations to Argentina

On Argentina's National Day, UAE leaders, including President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and Vice President Mohamed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, conveyed congratulatory messages to Argentine President Javier Milei and Chief of the Ministerial Cabinet Guillermo Francos. This diplomatic gesture underscores the strengthening ties between the UAE and Argentina.

Senegal currently criminalises same-sex relations under laws that punish “acts against nature with an individual of the same sex” with up to five years in prison. However, protesters argue the law is too lenient and have backed an initiative to introduce tougher legislation, which is now under discussion in parliament.

“We came here to fight homosexuality, as we did last year with President Macky Sall,” said Gorgui Guèye, one of the demonstrators. “We fought so that homosexuality is not tolerated in this country,” he told the AFP.

Another protester, Oumar Bâ, criticised the current government for failing to act. “They promised to criminalize homosexuality once in power, but a year later, there’s still no response,” he said. “If you see all these people , it’s to say no to homosexuality.”

Aminata Diaw added, “They visited every religious home, promising to act. Now is not the time to shy away.”

According to the report, 41 LGBTQ+ individuals have been murdered so far in 2025, representing a 47% increase compared to the same period in 2024. The data reflects rising homicide rates but also points to an alarming consistency in the timeline: e very 48 hours, an LGBTQ+ person is killed in Colombia.

“The report presents heartbreaking figures that constitute an urgent call to eradicate the dynamics of prejudice in the country,” said Iris Marín Ortiz, Colombia’s Ombudswoman, at the report’s presentation in Bogotá.

"Every two days, according to this report, one person is murdered, an LGBTQ+ person, and every two days, one person from this population has been a victim of sexual violence. The report presents heartbreaking figures that constitute an urgent call to eradicate the dynamics of prejudice in the country," Iris added.

But homicides are only part of the picture. The NGO also recorded that, on average, an LGBTQ+ person is sexually assaulted every two days, painting a broader picture of entrenched violence, discrimination, and systemic neglect.

Según un comunicado oficial de la Alcaldía de Bello, las evidencias obtenidas de las cámaras de seguridad han permitido reconocer a los responsables del asesinato. Sin embargo, por razones de seguridad en la investigación, no se han divulgado los nombres de los implicados. La Alcaldía aseguró que se está trabajando en la confirmación de sus identidades con el fin de avanzar en el proceso judicial.

El crimen ha sido descrito como un acto de odio; Sara fue brutalmente golpeada, sufriendo múltiples fracturas antes de ser arrojada a una quebrada por sus agresores, quienes incluso bloquearon la ayuda de terceros. A pesar de las difíciles circunstancias, fueron dos hombres locales quienes se aventuraron a rescatarla, en lugar de los bomberos.

Para ayudar en la captura de los responsables, las autoridades han ofrecido una recompensa de hasta 100 millones de pesos a quienes brinden información relevante. Se exhorta a la ciudadanía a comunicarse con la Policía Nacional para reportar cualquier dato que ayude en este caso.

"It really does feel as though the state wants to kill us," said Helen Belcher, a prominent trans rights campaigner and chair of the advocacy group TransActual.

Speaking to the AFP following the court’s decision, Belcher said the ruling represents a fundamental denial of trans people's identities and lived realities.

Belcher, 61, who is also a Liberal Democrat politician, said the implications of the ruling are already being felt within the trans community.

"I fear for people's mental health. I fear for people's physical health. I fear for people's ability to earn money. They've issued a ruling that sex is biological, but they haven't defined what biological means,” said Belcher

Belcher warned and reasoned that the judgment leans on a rigid and outdated framework, dismissing scientific literature that recognises sex and gender as complex spectrums.

“They're relying very much on a Trumpian, evangelical Christian simplistic world model,” Belcher said, “ignoring all huge amounts of scientific literature, which says that sex is not binary, it's not simple, it's really complex. In their judgment, they have decided basically that intersex people and non-binary people don't exist. And it's awful."

Belcher, who transitioned more than 20 years ago, described the ruling as a deeply personal blow.

“To go through that process - sometimes painful process - of getting to understand myself, having invasive medical questioning, some painful surgeries, to then be told, ‘Yeah, but you're still a man,’ is deliberately and intentionally cruel.”

The ruling has brought back the already polarised national debate over trans rights. However, the Supreme Court justices emphasised that trans people remain protected under the Equality Act against discrimination and harassment.

The newly instated amendment emphasizes that the rights of children to moral, physical, and spiritual development supersede all other rights, apart from the right to life. Moreover, it explicitly restricts the depiction or promotion of homosexuality for individuals under 18 years of age in the interests of "child protection."

In practical terms, this amendment allows authorities to ban public activities organized by LGBTQ+ communities, which includes events like Budapest Pride. Further measures permit law enforcement to employ facial recognition technology to identify participants at banned events, potentially imposing fines of up to 200,000 Hungarian forints or approximately 546 US dollars. Critics express that such constitutional alterations serve to distract the public from pressing national issues and bolster support for Orban ahead of forthcoming elections .

Previously reported by UNN, the ruling FIDESZ party has consistently expressed intentions to prevent annual pride parades in Budapest, highlighting an ongoing conflict between the government and LGBTQ+ rights advocates in Hungary.

Provided free of charge to Acceptess-T, Maison des Iris aims to be more than just a shelter. The centre will support residents in their efforts to find employment , access healthcare, and secure long-term housing, while also empowering them to pursue personal and professional development projects.

Described as “a space of welcome and stability,” the new accommodation is a new step in efforts to improve living conditions and support systems for France’s transgender community.

In a 2025 Lenten Pastoral Message, CABICOL, led by Most Rev. Anthony Fallah Borwah, President of the conference, joined forces with the Liberia Council of Churches (LCC) and the National Muslim Council to call for the bill’s outright rejection.

“We emphatically reject this bill and its subsequent provisions, such as the legalization of same-sex marriage and euthanasia,” the bishops stated. “The Church’s perennial teaching, as inscribed in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, is that ‘human life must be respected and protected absolutely from the moment of conception till its normal end.’ The commandment of God is clear: ‘Thou shall not kill’ (Exodus 20:13),” he is quoted by the Liberian Observer .

The religious leaders stressed that legalising abortion and euthanasia contradicts Liberia’s cultural and faith-based values, urging lawmakers to uphold the sanctity of life. They called on all religious and civic groups to oppose the legislation and advocate for policies that align with traditional family and moral principles.

"Basically, we're invisible," said Michaël Arnaud, executive director of Égides, a Montreal-based alliance supporting LGBTQ+ rights in francophone regions. 

Arnaud highlighted how limited funding and barriers to international advocacy disadvantage these organisations compared to their Anglophone counterparts. 

Activists like Patrick Fotso of Alcondoms Cameroun, a sexual health clinic and LGBTQ+ advocacy centre, emphasise the disparity in resources. "There is no balance," Fotso said, noting that HIV-related projects often overshadow critical human rights work due to better funding availability.

The challenges are compounded by the distinct socio-political landscapes of francophone countries, where issues often revolve around freedom of expression and assembly rather than explicit criminalisation. Activist Caroline Kouassiaman of the Sankofa Initiative for West Africa explained that francophone countries face heightened instability due to factors such as political coups and terrorist activity. "The majority of countries that are in crisis... are francophone," she said, emphasising the risks activists face in such volatile environments.

A report by the Global Philanthropy Project found that between 2013 and 2020, only 1% of global LGBTQ+ funding was allocated to francophone countries, leaving many grassroots organisations struggling to address systemic repression.

Advocates warn that the lack of support could lead to worsening repression, as seen in Anglophone countries with draconian anti-LGBTQ+ laws. Kouassiaman stressed the urgency for allies like Canada to push for inclusive policies within la Francophonie, a global organisation of French-speaking nations. 

"This leadership role is really important," she said, urging Canada to rally European partners to invest in LGBTQ+ movements and prevent further erosion of rights in francophone Africa.

As African nations consider what this means for trade, immigration, and foreign policy, many wonder if Trump’s second term will signal new challenges or opportunities.

An “America First” foreign policy 

Ghanaian Political Analyst, Professor Etse Sikanku, anticipates that Trump’s "America First" policy will take precedence, potentially limiting cooperation with African countries. Sikanku suggests that under Trump, the US may become more inward-looking: “America is going to return to its isolationism…to take a backward seat when it comes to global affairs. They'll be less interested in internationalism, less interested in international cooperation, less interested in multiculturalism,” he told GSW’s Wonder Hagan.

African leaders extend congratulations 

Despite concerns, several African leaders have congratulated Trump, expressing a willingness to work with his administration. Somalian President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, whose country recently had a $1.1 billion debt cancelled by the Biden administration, conveyed his eagerness to collaborate on security and peace efforts. For Somalia, struggling with internal conflicts and insurgencies, partnership with the US remains critical.

Key policies of concern for Africa

Trade and economic policies

The future of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), a programme allowing African exports tax-free access to US markets, is now uncertain. Trump previously indicated he would not renew AGOA when it expires in 2025, advocating instead for a universal 10% tariff on foreign goods. This shift could disrupt the economic benefits that African countries currently enjoy, impacting trade-dependent sectors.

Immigration and travel restrictions 

Trump’s hardline stance on immigration is a concern for many Africans, as migration to the US is a path toward better opportunities for many. During his first term, Trump implemented a travel ban targeting several African nations. With migration at record levels—58,000 African migrants were reported at the US-Mexico border in 2023 alone—a renewed travel ban could further limit African migration options, especially for those fleeing conflict and poverty.

Climate policy and fossil fuels  

Africa’s leaders have voiced the need for support in addressing climate change while balancing energy needs. Trump’s policies on climate are likely to favour fossil fuel expansion, a stance he emphasised in a post-election speech promising to “amp up oil production.” 

“We have more liquid gold than any country in the world… More than Saudi Arabia. We have more than Russia,” said the president-elect to a jubilant Republican crowd.

African nations seeking investment in both fossil fuel and renewable energy may find the Trump administration supportive of the former but potentially restrictive on climate-focused funding.

LGBTQ rights and social policies  

US foreign aid policies under Trump are also likely to shift, particularly concerning social issues like LGBTQ rights. Trump’s stance may appeal to some African leaders who have criticised past US administrations for tying aid to social value conditions. Following Uganda’s recent upholding of an anti-gay law and Ghana’s passage of an anti-gay bill, leaders like Rwanda’s President Paul Kagame have expressed hope for a US partnership rooted in mutual respect rather than “imposing its views and ways of life.”

During his congratulatory message to Trump, Kagame said: “Your clear message has been that the United States should be a partner of choice that attracts by the force of its example, rather than by imposing its views and ways of life on others. I therefore look forward to working with you for the common benefit of both our countries in the years ahead.”

With Trump’s presidency set to begin on January 20, as per the American Constitution's 20th Amendment ,  Africans are preparing for a new era of US-Africa relations. Whether through changes in trade, immigration, or climate policy, Trump’s second term will undoubtedly have implications for the continent. 

Uganda's foreign exchange reserves have experienced a notable decline of 4.3% over the past three months, concluding July with a total of $3.3 billion. This amount is sufficient to cover approximately three months of imports, a decrease from $3.5 billion recorded in April. The decrease has been attributed to several factors, including increased external debt payments, challenges in securing affordable external loans, and limited foreign exchange purchases. In response to these economic challenges, the Bank of Uganda is actively purchasing gold to diversify its reserves, Zawya reports.

Funding for hydropower plan

Uganda is taking proactive measures to address its rising energy demands by seeking funding for the construction of three new hydropower plants. These projects—comprising the 840 MW Ayago, 400 MW Kiba, and 392 MW Oriang—are anticipated to add over 1,600 MW of capacity, resulting in an 80% increase in the nation’s total power capacity, which will reach 3,678 MW. This initiative is underscored by an annual power demand growth rate of 10%, as reported by energy official Wamala Julius Namusanga. Currently, hydropower accounts for nearly 85% of Uganda's electricity supply, with the commissioning of its largest plant—a 600 MW facility funded by China, reports Zawya .

UBA Uganda rejects management crisis rumours

UBA Uganda has firmly denied accusations of a management crisis, affirming that Chioma A. Mang, the current Managing Director, is set to assume expanded responsibilities within the UBA Group effective from October 1, 2024. According to The Independent , plans to announce a new Managing Director are underway, with the bank underscoring a commitment to corporate governance and clarifying that the leadership transition is part of a strategic development plan rather than indicative of any issues within the work environment. Established in 2008, UBA Uganda has successfully expanded its operations nationally.

Fresh US sanctions

In a significant move, the U.S. has imposed sanctions on four Ugandan police officers—Bob Kagarura, Alex Mwine, Elly Womanya, and Hamdani Twesigye—prohibiting their travel to the U.S. This action is a direct response to their involvement in grave human rights violations, including acts of torture. The sanctions derive from credible civil court reports and data provided by human rights organisations, highlighting the U.S. commitment to upholding human rights standards in Uganda, adds the Monitor .

Calls to decriminalise homosexuality

The Uganda Human Rights Commission has made a compelling call for the decriminalisation of homosexuality, stressing the unjust punishments that arise from such criminalisation, particularly affecting vulnerable groups. This request follows the controversial enactment of the Anti-Homosexuality Act, which is currently under appeal and was signed into law by President Yoweri Museveni in May 2023. As reported by Watermark , commission chair Mariam Wangadya stressed the necessity for universal human rights protection in Uganda, free from discrimination. In a gathering with rights organisations, Wangadya acknowledged the critical issues confronting LGBTQ and intersex communities, highlighting the government's failure to recognise intersex individuals as a protected minority group.

The ruling is the culmination of a legal battle between a gay couple, So Seong-wook and Kim Yong Min, and the National Health Insurance Service. The conflict began when the insurance agency revoked So's registration as a dependent of Kim, which led So to file an administrative suit.

The country's highest court declared that the state health insurance agency's refusal to provide spousal insurance coverage for gay couples was discriminatory. This act of discrimination, the court ruled, violates the constitutional principle of equality.

The decision, which is final and cannot be appealed has been celebrated by human rights groups fighting for equal rights for same-sex couples in South Korea.

Following the Supreme Court's ruling So expressed his hope for the future. "I hope that this verdict will become a stepping stone to achieving marriage equality so that people can use the marriage system equally," he said.

Nicholas Opiyo, one of the petitioners' lawyers said on the X platform: "We will wait for the Supreme Court's directions and are optimistic for an expedited hearing of the case." The United Nations Human Rights office said in May, "We are appalled that the draconian and discriminatory anti-gay bill is now law. It is a recipe for systematic violations of the rights of LGBT people & the wider population. It conflicts with the Constitution and international treaties and requires urgent judicial review." "The enactment of Uganda’s Anti-Homosexuality Act is a tragic violation of universal human rights. I join with people around the world - including many in Uganda - in calling for its immediate repeal. We are considering additional steps, including the application of sanctions and restriction of entry into the United States against anyone involved in serious human rights abuses or corruption," said US President Joe Biden. 

Venezuelan authorities are investigating claims by Colombian paramilitaries that they were approached to destabilise the government of President Nicolás Maduro. The paramilitaries alleged that Venezuelan far-right groups had contacted them to carry out attacks and create chaos during the country’s presidential election. The investigation is focused on possible criminal activity and is being carried out under the supervision of the Public Prosecutor’s Office. This is not the first time Maduro has accused the opposition of similar plots.

US authorisation of LPG exports to Venezuela

The US authorisation of LPG exports to Venezuela has no impact, as Venezuela does not import liquefied gas and meets national demand through its own production, according to the Venezuelan Anti-Blockade Observatory. The Observatory said in a statement that the US Treasury Department's extension of "General License 40C" does not affect Venezuela's oil industry progress. The authorisation does not allow for payment-in-kind or transactions prohibited by Venezuela Sanctions Regulations. Caracas plans to monetise its gas reserves to supplement revenues from crude oil and fuel exports. In October, the US eased sanctions on Venezuela, but in April 2024, some sanctions were reinstated.

Pride Day celebration

Thousands of Venezuelans went on the streets on July 7 to celebrate Pride Day in the Latin nation’s capital Caracas with rainbow flags, flashy costumes, and motorised caravans. This event included demonstrations in support of the LGBTQ+ community, AP News reported.

Crypto remittances

Venezuelans remitted $461 million worth of crypto in 2023 despite the government crackdown. Data shows that crypto remittances reached a record 9% of all money sent to Venezuela, with $9 out of every $100 remitted in the form of tokens like Bitcoin. Over 7.7 million people have left Venezuela in the past 10 years, with more than $5.4 billion in remittances received in 2023, constituting at least 6% of the country's GDP. Peer-to-peer platforms have become popular among Venezuelans, allowing them to exchange cryptocurrencies at market rates and bypass official exchange controls.

Freedom chants at opposition rallies

The Venezuelan opposition is rallying for "Freedom!" ahead of the July 28 presidential election, seeking an end to 25 years of socialist rule under President Nicolás Maduro. The opposition's candidate, Edmundo González Urrutia, has support from a divided and disenchanted base, including those seeking economic freedom and the ability to criticize the government without fear. The ruling party, despite its control, faces a significant challenge in the upcoming election, VOA News reports.

Augustin Senghor, the president of the Senegalese Football Federation, has expressed disapproval of remarks made by Sadio Mané, a two-time recipient of the African Player of the Year award. Mané's comments critiqued the national team's strategy during the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. Although he was out of play due to an injury and did not participate in the games against DR Congo and Mauritania, Mané's critique came during the international break. His statements led to considerable controversy, especially as Senegal experienced a challenging 1-1 tie with DR Congo but clinched a narrow 1-0 win against Mauritania, sustaining their course in the qualifying rounds, Pulse Kenya reports. "In my opinion, I think we need to review our system. We tried to play with more combinations, but overall, it didn't work as it should. So to be formidable, I think we must, as I said, review the system," said Mane

Lesbian activists being abused

Senegal lesbian activists are facing abuse and hostility in a nation where homosexuality is already criminalized. In an interview with 76 Crimes , a lesbian with the pseudonym, Awa shared that lesbians in Senegal are often exposed to corrective rape at an early age. "Very often, when a family suspects that a young girl is a lesbian, she is taken by force to a marabout who, far from giving her a religious education, will rape her. This does not happen all the time, or in all social contexts, but in rural Senegal it is far from rare," she said.

Call for media protection

Over 60 journalists have faced arrest, assault, or detention amid Senegal's political turmoil over the last three years. The watchdog organization Reporters Without Borders (RSF), which has been tracking these incidents, views the ascent of new leadership as a chance for journalistic healing and a revival of Senegal's role as a champion for information rights in the region. RSF's findings indicate that since March 2021, numerous journalists have suffered mistreatment, media polarization has intensified, social media disruptions have occurred, and media permits have been revoked, this period of instability overlapped with doubts about whether the former president, Macky Sall, would pursue an unconstitutional third term. Ultimately, Sall abandoned such intentions, and Bassirou Diomaye Faye was elected in March of the current year, reports CAJ News .

Visa-free policy boosts tourism

Senegal has introduced a visa exemption for travellers from 50 countries, encompassing Schengen area members, France, Spain, and Turkey, enhancing its attractiveness as a travel destination. The nation is celebrated for its abundant historical sites, varied terrains, and dynamic urban centres, catering to vacationers and increasingly drawing business and corporate visitors. With its advanced infrastructure, flourishing hospitality sector, and lively events industry, Senegal continues to strengthen its position as a favoured travel spot. In 2022, the country welcomed upwards of 1.38 million international visitors, a testament to its growing popularity, as reported by TTW .

Support for Burkina junta

Even though a protest took place in Dakar on 21 June, opposing the military regime in Ouagadougou, the Senegalese government continues to support its counterpart in Burkina Faso. Following an assault by Burkinabe officials on the organisers of the Dakar protest against Ouagadougou's junta, Senegalese diplomats promptly issued a response. The demonstration, orchestrated by the Senegalese Coalition of Human Rights Defenders (COSEDDH) and Amnesty International (AI), sought to call out the suppression of media and speech freedoms, along with the widespread detention of civil society figures, such as the esteemed attorney Guy Herve Kam, under Captain Ibrahim Traore's administration, reports APA News .

Here is a compilation of countries that have legally recognised same-sex marriage

Netherlands

Netherlands was the first country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2001 after three years of granting same-sex couples registered partnerships benefits in 1998. More than 18,000 same-sex marriages have since been registered with over 50 percent of them being lesbian marriages.

Belgium

Belgium legalised same-sex marriages 21 years ago. Same-sex couples have been allowed to marry in the country since June 2003.

Canada

Canada became the fourth country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2005, after the passage of the Marriage for Civil Purposes Act. This change came after court rulings in eight provinces found the previous marriage laws unconstitutional.

Spain

Spain also legalised same-sex marriage in 2005, opening doors for same-sex couples to marry and be recognised by law. The Spanish Parliament passed the law amid strong public support for equal rights.

South Africa

South Africa became the first African country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2006 and remains the only African country to do same. The Constitutional Court's ruling required the government to amend marriage laws to ensure equality.

Norway

In 2009 , Norway allowed same-sex couples to marry after the coming into force of a gender-neutral marriage law. The law passed with broad parliamentary support, following years of advocacy by LGBTQ+ groups.

Sweden

Sweden joined in 2009 , granting same-sex couples the right to marry. The Church of Sweden began permitting same-sex ceremonies shortly after the gender-neutral marriage laws were passed. Sweden is also known as the first country in the world to legally allow gender change in 1972.

Iceland

With the first openly gay Head of State, Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Iceland became one of many countries to legalise same-sex marriages in 2010. The law was passed unanimously in parliament after an amendment to the country’s marriage law.

Portugal

Portugal also embraced same-sex marriage in 2010, supporting the rights of all couples to marry. Same-sex parents were prohibited from adopting children until May 2013.

Argentina

Argentina made history in 2010 as the first Latin American country to legalise same-sex marriage . The law was passed after a heated debate in Congress and was supported by President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.

Denmark

In 2012, Denmark, which pioneered civil unions, legalised same-sex marriage. The Danish Parliament voted in favor of the law, replacing the registered partnership system.

Uruguay, New Zealand, France and Brazil

All four countries legalised same-sex marriage in 2013, promoting equality for all couples. In Uruguay , the law passed with strong support in both houses of Congress, following extensive advocacy efforts. New Zealand passed the law with a significant majority in parliament. After intense debate in France , same-sex was legalised and in Brazil, the National Justice Council, endorsed the law and indicated that all civil registries must perform same-sex marriages.

England and Wales and Scotland

England and Wales and Scotland both legalised same-sex marriage in 2014, supporting the love and rights of all couples. Parliaments of both countries passed the law to support this.

Luxembourg, Ireland, and U.S.

Luxembourg ’s Prime Minister Xavier Bettel, who is openly gay, was among the first to marry his partner under the new law that legalised same-sex marriage in 2015. In Ireland, same-sex marriage was legalised through a public vote after which a referendum was passed with 62% approval. The United State ’s Supreme Court's landmark ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges required all states to recognise same-sex marriages in 2015. 

Greenland and Colombia

Greenland and Colombia both embraced same-sex marriage in 2016. The law was passed in the Greenlandic Parliament, aligning with Denmark's marriage laws. Colombia’s Constitutional Court's ruling mandated marriage equality, reflecting growing societal acceptance. 

Finland, Germany, Malta, and Australia

All four countries legalised same-sex marriages in 2016. Finland’s same-sex marriage law was passed following a successful citizen's initiative and parliamentary approval. In Germany , the Bundestag passed the law, with Chancellor Angela Merkel giving members a free vote on the issue. A unanimous vote by Malta’s Parliament legalised same-sex marriages in the country. Following a national postal survey where 61.6% of voters supported marriage equality, same-sex marriage was approved in Australia .

Austria, Taiwan, and Ecuador

In 2019, Austria, Taiwan, and Ecuador recognised same-sex marriages in their respective countries.  In Austria, the change came after a Constitutional Court ruling mandated marriage equality. Taiwan made history in 2019 as the first Asian country to legalise same-sex marriage. The law was passed following a 2017 Constitutional Court ruling. Ecuador’s Constitutional Court's ruling required the government to recognise same-sex marriages. Ireland endorsed the law after the 2015 public vote in favor of marriage equality.

Costa Rica

Costa Rica became the first Central American country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2020. The change followed an Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruling and a landmark Supreme Court decision. 

Switzerland, Mexico, Chile, Slovenia, and Cuba

The five countries legalised same-sex marriage in 2022. Switzerland passed the law after a nationwide referendum where 64% of voters supported marriage equality. Mexico ’s decision followed years of regional legal battles and growing public support. Chile got Congress’ support to pass the law. Slovenia’s legalisation followed a Constitutional Court ruling that mandated marriage equality. Cuba ’s new Family Code, which includes marriage equality, was approved by a public referendum.

Andorra

Andorra legalised same-sex marriage in 2023 and converted all civil unions into civil marriage.

Estonia, and Thailand

Estonia was the first Baltic country whose parliament voted in favor of new legislation legalising same-sex marriage in January 2024. Thailand recently became the first Southeast Asian country to approve same-sex marriages. The bill which was passed by legislation awaits assent by the country’s King Maha Vajiralongkorn.

Thailand's parliament made history on Tuesday, June 18, passing the landmark marriage equality bill, granting LGBTI+ couples the legal right to marriage and all its associated benefits. This monumental legislation ensures equal rights and recognition for all couples, regardless of gender identity or expression. Human rights organization Fortify Rights urges Thai authorities to take swift and decisive action to implement the law without delay, ensuring that LGBTI+ individuals can exercise their newfound rights without obstacles or discrimination. “Thailand’s new marriage equality law is a triumph for justice and human rights. The journey to this point has been long and fraught with challenges, but today’s vote to ensure marriage equality marks a historic moment that deserves celebration," said Mookdapa Yangyuenpradorn, Human Rights Associate at Fortify Rights as reported by Asia News Network .

Political challenges

Thailand is witnessing a significant week in politics, with four high-stakes cases unfolding. The Constitutional Court is reviewing two notable cases: one seeking to remove Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin from office, and another considering the dissolution of the Move Forward Party. Meanwhile, former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra has been summoned to court on charges of lese majeste related to a 2015 interview. Additionally, the Constitutional Court will decide on the constitutionality of the Organic Act governing senator selection. As reported by The Star , these developments have far-reaching implications, potentially eroding investor confidence, public trust, and national stability, thereby threatening to exacerbate Thailand's already fragile economic situation.

Former PM indicted for 'insulting' monarchy

Thailand's former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, a key supporter of the current government, has been formally charged with lese majeste for allegedly insulting the monarchy in a 2015 interview, according to the attorney general's office. This indictment is the first of four high-profile cases involving prominent political figures, including the current prime minister, set to be heard in court on Tuesday, June 18. According to The Sun , these legal proceedings have the potential to plunge Thailand into a new era of political uncertainty, exacerbating the long-standing divide between the conservative-royalist establishment and opposition parties like Pheu Thai and Move Forward. As Southeast Asia's second-largest economy teeters on the brink of instability, the outcome of these cases could have far-reaching implications for the country's future.

Art Institute of Chicago to return pilaster to Thailand

The Art Institute of Chicago is repatriating a 12th-century pilaster fragment, depicting Krishna lifting Mount Govardhana, to Thailand following rigorous research. Initially attributed to Cambodia, a specialist's thorough eight-month investigation, including examination, documentation, and a site visit, confirmed its origins at Thailand's Phantom Rung temple. The museum promptly contacted the Thai government to share these findings, initiating the artefact's return to its rightful home. “We have always said, if we learn new information that leads us to believe we should not have something, we will return it,” said Sarah Guernsey, the museum’s deputy director and senior vice president for curatorial affairs, in an email to the Sun-Times . “This is an example of us living up to that commitment.”

Tourism fee scrapped

Thailand's government, led by Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin, has abandoned a proposed policy to charge air travellers a tourism fee of 300 baht (US$8.20). The announcement was made by Thavisin on June 8 in Chiang Mai, signalling a shift in strategy for the tourism industry. "The fee ... was abandoned with the rationale that its elimination could encourage higher tourist spending in other areas, thereby providing a more substantial boost to the economy," Thailand's Government Public Relations Department said on its website on Monday, June 10 as reported by Thailand News .

Argentina's monthly inflation dropped to single digits in April, the first time in six months. This is attributed to austerity measures and a slowing economy. The annual inflation rate is still the highest in the world at nearly 300%. According to news agency Saltwire , experts believe inflation will continue to slow due to decreased demand and government spending cuts.

IMF bailout

The IMF has agreed to release the next tranche of loans for Argentina, praising President Milei's austerity measures, which have helped restore macroeconomic stability. The $792 million payment will be available in June, helping to alleviate the country's worst economic crisis in two decades, AP News reports. Despite criticism, the IMF acknowledges the decisive implementation of the stabilization plan and the faster-than-anticipated progress in the country's economic overhaul.

LGBTQ rights

Three women have died in Argentina after a boarding house was set on fire with two lesbian couples inside. A 62-year-old man has been arrested in connection with the attack, which is being described as a hate crime by the Argentine LGBT Federation. According to reports , the attack has sparked protests and calls for justice for the victims. The organization also criticized the government for its anti-LGBTQ+ policies.

Argentina to Armenia ambassador

Alen Simonyan, the RA NA President, received the Ambassador of Argentina to Armenia, Rafael Enrique Gonzalez Aleman. They discussed the mutual respect and trust between the two countries and the Armenian community's cultural role in Argentina. They also talked about the security situation in the South Caucasus and Armenia's efforts to establish peace, which Argentina supports, First Channel News indicated.

Argentina and Venezuela's diplomatic ties

Argentina is pressuring Venezuela to allow six opposition aides, seeking refuge at the Argentine embassy in Caracas, to leave the country safely. Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro reneged on promises to allow their safe passage, putting their physical safety at risk. This move comes amidst Maduro's crackdown on political opposition ahead of the upcoming presidential elections. Argentina is expected to escalate diplomatic pressure on Venezuela to resolve the issue, with hopes of regional support, Saltwire reports.

Egypt's National Council for Childhood and Motherhood (NCCM) complained about a German school in Cairo, accusing it of purportedly endorsing homosexuality through biology lessons. The Ministry of Education has initiated an investigation into these allegations, firmly rejecting any advocacy for ideas that oppose societal norms. The backdrop for this controversy includes a wider context of ongoing discrimination and governmental crackdowns on the LGBTQ+ community within Egypt, The New Arab . The country's stance is evident in its ban on films featuring homosexual themes, with any perceived promotion of such content sparking considerable backlash. Despite the religious authorities' disapproval of same-sex relationships in Egypt, there is a growing openness to discussing the topic both within the country and across the Arab world.

Ancient Egypt and the Milky Way galaxy connection

A recent study, reported by LADbible , reveals that ancient Egyptians possessed knowledge of the Milky Way galaxy and its association with the sky-goddess Nut. Conducted by an astrophysicist from the University of Portsmouth, this research sheds new light on the intricate relationship between Nut and the cosmos. In ancient Egyptian artwork, Nut was often depicted as a celestial figure adorned with stars, with her role in safeguarding Earth from floods intricately linked to the portrayal of the Milky Way in the night sky. Furthermore, the study unveils connections between Nut's significance in the afterlife and the annual migration patterns of birds, findings that resonate with how various cultures interpret the Milky Way. This research underscores the universal language of astronomy, showcasing its ability to bridge humanity's understanding across diverse cultures, geographical boundaries, and epochs of time.

Egypt reclaims stolen statue of King Ramses II

Egypt celebrates the return of a 3,400-year-old statue of King Ramses II, which had been stolen and smuggled out of the country three decades ago. According to CTV News , the artefact will undergo restoration before being exhibited at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Originally taken from the Ramses II temple in Abydos, Southern Egypt, in the late 1980s or early 1990s, the statue resurfaced for sale in 2013. With the assistance of Swiss authorities, Egypt successfully reclaimed the piece, establishing its rightful ownership through collaborative efforts with Switzerland and ensuring its repatriation.

Migration governance

On April 22, Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry emphasised Egypt's commitment to implementing a comprehensive strategy for migration governance. In a meeting with the Director-General of the UN International Organisation for Migration (IOM), Amy Pope, Shoukry sought the organisation's assistance in supporting this approach. As reported by Ahram Online , Shoukry articulated Egypt's vision for a multifaceted approach that extends beyond security considerations to encompass development factors and the underlying causes of illegal immigration. Ministry spokesperson Ahmed Abu Zeid elaborated that Egypt's strategy aims to address the full spectrum of migration issues. In January, Egypt signalled its intent to commence the documentation of refugees and immigrants residing in the country, estimated at 8-9 million individuals hailing from 133 different nations.

‘False Israeli allegations’ about smuggling weapons

Egypt has strongly denied Israeli allegations of smuggling weapons into Gaza from Egyptian territory. Diaa Rashwan, the head of Egypt's State Information Service (SIS), declared in a statement on April 22 that all such allegations, including claims about the existence of tunnels between both sides of the border, are entirely false. The statement also called on Israel to stop making false accusations and to respect the peace treaty. As reported by Egypt Today , Rashwan explained that: ‘All countries of the world know well the extent of the efforts made by Egypt in the last 10 years, to achieve security and stability in Sinai and enhance security on the border between Egyptian Rafah and the Gaza Strip, as Egypt itself had suffered greatly from these tunnels during the fierce confrontation with terrorist groups in Sinai after the overthrow of the Brotherhood regime in June 2013 and until 2020, it represented a means for smuggling fighters and weapons to Sinai to carry out terrorist operations that claimed the lives of more than 3,000 martyrs from the army, police, and civilians, and more than 13,000 injured.

At least 12 people were killed after heavy rain caused a landslide in southwest DR Congo. The incident occurred in Dibaya Lubwe commune around midday on Saturday, April 13. Despite the number of bodies pulled from the rubble, Reuters reports that at least 50 more people are still missing. A local official expressed challenges in pinpointing the precise count of missing individuals due to the area's busy nature. The location serves as a marketplace every Saturday, bustling with activity as fishermen gather to sell their catch and purchase essentials like soap. The poor urban planning and weak infrastructure in the Congo make communities vulnerable to such disasters.

Fight against monkeypox

In response to the growing threat of monkeypox in Africa, nearly 250 experts gathered in the DRC on April 13 to develop strategies to combat the spread of the disease, Africa News reports. The spread of the disease is alarming, with over 92,000 cases reported in more than 110 countries. In 2023, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) emerged as one of the nations most severely impacted, with a reported 14,600 cases and 654 fatalities. Hence, there is a need to strengthen preparedness, surveillance, and community engagement to mitigate the impact of Monkey Pox in Africa. Health ministers of 12 African countries have decided to work together to create an action plan to combat the disease and protect African populations.

ADF rebels attack Kivu Province

Local sources reported that between 10 and 15 civilians lost their lives in recent attacks over the weekend in the Beni region of eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. These attacks have been attributed to ADF rebels linked with the Islamic State. Antoine Kambale, an official from Mulekera town northwest of Beni, informed AFP that on April 12, 14 civilians were killed in multiple locations within the neighbourhood. Additionally, a subsequent attack occurred on the night of April 13 to 14, resulting in the deaths of two more individuals—an additional woman and a police officer.

Tshisekedi on a mission to eradicate unemployment

President Tshisekedi aims to create 6.4 million jobs in DRC by targeting mining companies, which are the country's biggest export. Drawing inspiration from stark statistics originating within his ministries of Labour and the World Bank, the situation highlights a daunting reality. According to The East African , an estimated seven out of every ten Congolese youth who graduate from college struggle to secure employment. The youth unemployment rate, specifically for individuals aged 15 to 24, stands at a staggering 35 percent. Data indicates that a majority of those fortunate enough to find employment are absorbed into agricultural, civil service, or informal sector roles. However, some social commentators speculate that the real unemployment rate could be even higher, considering the ongoing security issues prevalent in the DRC.

DR Congo lawmaker pushes for anti-LGBTQ bill

Constant Mutamba, a lawmaker in the Democratic Republic of Congo, has introduced a bill that would criminalise LGBTQ people. Washington Blade reports that a section of the legislation proposed by Constant Mutamba, head of the Dynamic Progressive Revolutionary Opposition platform, indicates either five or ten years jail terms for individuals engaging in homosexual behaviour, including acts and gestures. The bill, however, has been criticised by activists who argue that it distracts attention from more pressing issues in the country. LGBTQ rights are also under threat in Uganda, where the Constitutional Court upheld the Anti-Homosexuality Act.

This landmark legislation acknowledges marriage registrations of same-sex partners aged 18 and above, guaranteeing them rights to inheritance, tax benefits, and child adoption, among other privileges.

Reacting to the senators' affirmative vote, LGBTQ gender rights activist Waaddao Chumaporn expressed elation , stating, "It's as if we have received the greatest gift since I've been pushing for 12 years."

Following this development, the upper house established a 27-member committee comprising senators, civil society representatives, and ministers to meticulously review the bill.

A subsequent vote is anticipated in July when the parliament reconvenes after a scheduled recess starting in mid-April.

Earlier, lawmakers in Thailand's lower house overwhelmingly endorsed the marriage equality bill on March 27, positioning the nation on the brink of pioneering equal rights for marriage partners of any gender in Southeast Asia.

Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin hailed the achievement as a societal consensus towards building an egalitarian society devoid of discrimination, particularly in gender and family formation.

“I consider this success to be the consensus of Thai society. to work together to create a society of equality that does not discriminate Especially gender and family formation, which are basic human rights that the state should guarantee,” he wrote on social media platform X following the lower house vote on March 27.

The bill, which garnered approval from 400 out of 415 attending members of the House of Representatives in its final reading, with 10 against, 2 abstentions, and three not voting, had previously seen significant support with all but 11 of 380 Thai lawmakers passing four draft bills on same-sex marriage in their first reading in December 2023.

In the event of Senate rejection, the lower house retains the option to initiate a fresh round of votes to pass the bill without Senate endorsement. The legislation is slated to come into effect 120 days after its publication in the Royal Gazette, following parliamentary approvals and royal assent.

Upon final approval, Thailand will join the ranks of Taiwan and Nepal, emerging as the third location in Asia to formally recognise same-sex marriage.

The Police Annual Crime Report 2023 has revealed a significant reduction in crime in Uganda from 231, 653 cases in 2022 to 228, 074 cases in 2023. This was contained in the report released by Martin Okoth Ochola, the recently retired inspector general of police On February 21, 2024. The report indicates that the crime reduction is due to the expansion of the police canine unit, reorganization of the CID, improved detection methods, and strategic partnerships with the community. It also noted that collaborative efforts with sister agencies such as the UPDF, Prisons, and JIC further contributed to the reduction in cases. The Uganda Police Canine unit carried out 20,897 trackings, 16,341 arrests, and the recovery of 6554 exhibits, representing a 21 percent improvement from 2022, according to the Observer .

Head-on collision results in death and injuries

At least 14 people are feared dead and one injured after a collision involving six vehicles. According to local news outlet Bukedde , the vehicles collided in Butema village in Muwayo Town Council in Bugiri around 4.00 PM local time. The accident involved four trucks and two vans in a head-on collision. Resident District Commissioner Paul Mwidu Kalikwani said ten bodies were recovered by the police and transported to the morgue. The deceased persons were identified as Juliet Bakulimya, former Bulguyi district councillor, Yosamu Wasike, Hajara Nandego, Kenyan Jemus Kitavewo, Shalif Sempijja, Joyce Nabirye, Antony Mulokole and some others who are yet to be identified.

Cabinet queries agric commissioner

Uganda’s Cabinet has questioned the Commissioner of Animal Health in the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries (MAAIF) following the issuance of a directive imposing a quarantine in Kampala without consulting the other concerned government ministries. The Commissioner Dr Anna Rose Ademun on March 1 wrote a letter to the executive director of Kampala City Authority to impose a quarantine after an incident of foot and mouth disease was detected in Kaobowa in Rubaga Division on February 28. According to The Monitor , the Commissioner was asked by Prime Minister Robina Nabbanja to apologise to the Cabinet for her actions.

Aftermath of boat wreck

Police in Uganda have released the names of victims who died in a boatwreck in the Nile. The bodies of the deceased persons, Grace, 22 of Kapa Kalebi Balabala, Bussi, and Lucky 22 of Kapa Kalebi Balabala, Bussi were recovered on March 12, according to Bukedde . The bodies of other deceased persons, Emmanuel Nsubuga, Francis Mundenkye, and Mama Clare are still missing. Several others who were rescued were also listed. The boat with 17 passengers, about 200 potato heads, seven bags of coconuts, and other items reportedly was swept away by the wind when it reached the Kacanga area.

LGBTQ+ issues

LGBTQ rights activist Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG) has vowed to contest a court of appeal ruling in a case filed against the Uganda Registration Services Bureau. The company was refused the registration of the name Sexual Minorities Uganda by the High Court, a decision that was supported by the Court of Appeal’s ruling. According to The Independent , the group says the court failed to address the suppression of their freedom of association but focused on societal norms. Executive Director at SMUG while expressing disappointment said “Despite the judiciary’s conservative tilt, and susceptibility to the public sentiment, our commitment to championing LGBTQ rights remains resolute”.

This is a heightened crackdown on LGBTQ+ rights in Ghana, raising concerns among human rights advocates about the impact on the freedom and safety of the LGBTQ community in the country.

However, President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo has refused to immediately give his assent.

According to the laws of Ghana (Article 106 of the Constitution, 1992), presidential assent is required to make a bill passed by parliament a law. Thus, though the bill is passed by parliament, it cannot be effectively operationalized as a legal document without a presidential assent.

What did the president say about his assent?

In a statement, the president noted, “I am aware that last week's bi-partisan passage by Parliament of the Proper Human Sexual Rights and Ghanaian Family Values Bill, on a private member's motion, has raised considerable anxieties in certain quarters of the diplomatic community and amongst some friends of Ghana that she may be turning her back on her, hitherto, enviable, longstanding record on human rights observance and attachment to the rule of law. I want to assure you that no such backsliding will be contemplated or occasioned. I think it will serve little purpose to go, at this stage, into the details of the origin of this proposed law, which is yet to reach my desk. But suffice it to say that I have learned that, today, a challenge has been mounted at the Supreme Court by a concerned citizen to the constitutionality of the proposed legislation. In the circumstances, it would be, as well, for all of us to hold our hands and await the decision of the Court before any action is taken. The operation of the institutions of the Ghanaian state will determine the future trajectory of the rule of law and human rights compliance in our country.”

A price to pay for conservatism?

Ghana's finance ministry has issued a warning, stating that the country could face a significant loss of international financing, estimated at US$3.8 billion over the next five to six years, if President Nana Akufo-Addo signs the controversial anti-LGBTQ bill into law.

The potential repercussions extend beyond the legal and societal aspects, as the finance ministry emphasises that such a move may adversely impact Ghana's foreign exchange reserves and exchange rate stability, as well as the country’s ongoing deals with the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Suit challenging the constitutionality of the bill

Private legal practitioner and journalist Richard Dela Sky has filed a lawsuit against Ghana's Parliament at the Supreme Court regarding the anti-LGBTQ+ bill. Sky seeks various reliefs, including preventing President Akufo-Addo from assenting to the bill and halting its presentation to the President by the Speaker of Parliament and the Clerk to Parliament. He argues that the bill's passage violates several constitutional provisions - Articles 12(1) and (2), 15(1), 17(1) and (2), 18(2), and 21(1) (a) (b) (d) and (e) - raising concerns about potential infringement of fundamental human rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution.

“In my capacity as a citizen of the Republic of Ghana, deeply committed to the principles of democracy and the rule of law as enshrined in our revered 1992 Constitution, I have initiated legal action in the Supreme Court of Ghana. This action is not a declaration of my personal stance on LGBTQI+ individuals per se, but a conscientious effort to ensure the strict adherence to and protection of the constitutional framework that governs our society,” Sky wrote in a statement.

The constitutionality debate

On the basis of President Akufo-Addo’s remarks and the pending legal action against the bill, legal practitioners in the country have expressed divided opinions about the constitutionality of both actions.

In several posts on X, lawyers raised issues with the president’s decision to withhold assent pending the decision of the Supreme Court and the constitutionality of judicial intervention when an effective presidential assent has not yet been given.

Some expressed that the issue could be analysed in accordance with the 'doctrine of ripeness', which primarily deals with a dispute's timeliness and prevents the courts from interfering too early before a genuine argument emerges.

The following are some reactions on X;

Lessons from Uganda?

Since the passage of the Anti-Homosexuality Act of 2023 in Uganda, the World Bank has declared its intention to cease releasing new funds to Uganda. The law has been described by critics as one of the most stringent globally, the VOA reported. By withholding funds, the World Bank is sending a clear message about the importance of respecting LGBTQ+ rights. This decision pressures Ugandan authorities to reconsider or amend the contentious legislation, emphasising the global repercussions of policies perceived as discriminatory.

More so, the hospitality industry is facing significant challenges, with hoteliers expressing concern over the impact on their businesses. Textile manufacturers in Uganda report a decline in orders from buyers in the United States, Britain, and Europe, attributing it to apprehension surrounding the "Made in Uganda" label on garments. Buyers seem to fear that associating their products with Uganda, in light of recent developments, could adversely affect their business.

Additionally, construction companies in the country are experiencing hesitancy from Western financial backers, signaling a broader economic impact on Uganda as external investors become more cautious due to the prevailing circumstances.

Further, the U.S. Embassy in Kampala refused a visa to Ugandan MP Sarah Achieng Opendi, following her controversial proposal advocating castration as a measure against LGBTQ+ individuals in Uganda. Opendi, who acts as chair of the Uganda Women Parliamentary Association, suggested the amendment during a debate on the country's anti-LGBTQ+ laws.

The MP who’s also chair of Uganda Women Parliamentary Association proposed an amendment to the country’s anti-LGBTQ+ bill adopted by the country in March 2023.

Following this, Opendi’s application to travel to the 68 th session of the Commission on the Status of Women in the US was rejected pending administrative review.

“Ninety-six percent of MPs voted in favour of the bill and I am aware of a number of MPs that have gotten visas to the US yet they supported the bill,” Opendi was quoted by The Guardian .

In December last year, hundreds of Ugandan lawmakers and their families suffered visa rejections over their involvement in the legislation, signed into law by President Yoweri Museveni, which imposes the death penalty or life imprisonment for certain same-sex acts and sentences of up to 20 years for “recruitment, promotion and funding” of same-sex "activities.”

Parliamentary Speaker Anita Among was also denied US and UK denied visas in the same year.

The Guardian reports that though the Embassy’s spokesperson said individual visa cases cannot be discussed, “the denial of a visa is a strong statement against those spreading hatred. I hope it sends a firm message that such individuals have no place in civilised societies,” he was quoted.

President of Ghana, Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo has said that the country will maintain its record on human rights observance and attachment to the rule of law. His comments come following the passage of the anti-LGBTQ+ Bill by parliament that seeks to criminalise activities of persons belonging to the group among others. According to him, the Bill which is yet to reach his desk for assent will not compromise the country’s stance on human rights observance. "I want to assure you that no such backsliding will be contemplated or occasioned. I think it will serve little purpose to go, at this stage, into the details of the origin of this proposed law, which is yet to reach my desk," he was quoted by Graphic at the New Year Greetings Diplomatic Reception at the Peduase Presidential Retreat in the Eastern Region of Ghana.

Secessionists imprisoned

Four members of a secessionist group, Western Togoland in Ghana have been sentenced to a total of 17 years after allegations of seeking to break two major regions, Volta and Oti regions away from the country. During the case which was heard on March 5 at the Accra High Court, Presiding Judge, Maame Ekue Yanzuh also ruled that the four, Michael Kwabla also known as Togbe Yesu, Nene Kwaku Agblorm, WO1 Emmanuel Hayford Afedo, and Lance Corporal Abednego Dzreke Mawuena will pay fines to a total of 26,400 Ghana cedis, according to local news outlet 3news .

Failed Guinness World Record attempt

Ghanaian Chef Failatu Abdul Razak’s longest cooking marathon attempt has failed as announced by the Guinness World Records. This is the second failure of a Ghanaian in the competition within two weeks. Earlier, Afua Asantewaa who attempted a singathon with the GWR also failed. The Guinness team in a statement cited violation of Chef Faila’s rest-break rules during the cook-a-thon as the basis for her disqualification, GhanaWeb reports. The current record for the longest cooking marathon remains with Irish Chef Alan Fisher who attained 119 hours of nonstop cooking in Matsue, Shimane Japan from September 28 to October 3, 2023.

Petition against anti-LGBTQ Bill

A private legal practitioner, Richard Dela Sky has petitioned the Supreme Court to declare the Human Sexual Rights and Family Values Bill known as the anti-LGBTQ Bill null, void, and of no effect, Citinewsroom reports. According to Sky, the passage of the Bill violates Article 33 (5) of the country’s 1992 Constitution as well as some provisions in Articles 12(1) and (2), 15(1), 17(1) and (2), 18(2), and 21(1) (a) (b) (d) and (e) of the Constitution. He also argues that the parts of the Bill infringe on the fundamental human rights and freedoms guaranteed to every Ghanaian by the Constitution. The Bill was passed by Ghana’s Parliament on February 28, 2024.

Teachers deployed for National Service

The National Service Scheme  (NSS) in Ghana has deployed 13,516 trained teachers from Colleges of Education across the country to undertake their one-year mandatory national service in basic and second-cycle schools. In an announcement by the Scheme on March 4, they indicated that all service personnel in this category must check their placements on the NSS website Registration is set to start on March 8, 2024, at all centres, Myjoyonline reports.

Introduced to the House in July 2021, the Bill is currently awaiting presidential assent to be passed into law.

Once passed into law, the promotion and funding of LGBTQ+ activities and public display of affection among other things will be criminalised.

Many Human Rights groups have since reacted to the development, with bodies like the Board Chair for the Centre for Democratic Development (CDD), Ghana, Professor Audrey Gadzekpo urging the President, Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo to refrain from assenting the Bill.

What are the proponents of this Bill and what does it mean for the country if passed? Here is a breakdown of Ghana’s Anti-LGBTQ+ Bill as proposed by parliament.

What the Bill is about

The Bill tasks citizens to promote and protect the human sexual rights and family values defined in section 19 of the Act (Human Sexual Rights and Family Values Act 2024).

Who it affects

The act applies to people who hold out as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, transgender, transsexual, ally, pansexual, or persons of any other sexual orientation or in a sexual relationship contrary to the sociocultural relationship between a male and a female.

It also applies to persons involved in the promotion of advocacy for, support, or funding of LGBTQ+ activities or persons who provide or participate in the provision of sex or gender reassignment, surgical procedure, or any other procedure intended to create a sexual category other than the sexual category of the person assigned at birth except in cases where the procedure is intended to correct abnormality including intersex.

Persons who engage in sexual activity prohibited under this Act will be sanctioned.

How the Bill affects the respective groups

Disbandment and prohibitions

Duty to report

Citizens who have knowledge of persons who commit offences prohibited under the Bill are to report to the Police Service or relevant authorities of the community within which it was committed.

Regulations

The Gender Ministry is expected to make regulations to regulate approved service providers and provide for the support of victims of sexual activities prohibited under this Act, assistance for intersex persons, and the effective and efficient implementation of the Act.

Protection of LGBTQ+ persons under the Bill

The Bill also makes provision for the protection of LGBTQ persons and other individuals classified as offenders per the Bill under Sections 84 to 87 of the Criminal Offences Act, 1960 (Act 29).

According to the Bill, the law according to the above-mentioned Act will apply to persons who will harass or abuse either verbally or physically, persons accused of an offence under this Act; or suffering from any gender or sexual identity challenge including LGBTTQAP+ or any other variant of a sexual identity challenge.

Exceptions

According to the Bill, the use of a graphic description of the behavioural pattern of a person engaged in an activity prohibited under this Act for education or instruction; or in response to any form of advocacy or activism does not constitute abuse, assault, or harassment.

The anti-LGBTQ bill aimed at promoting human sexual rights and family values also criminalises the activities of this group including promotion, advocacy, and funding in the country.

Before this, two clauses of the bill, 10 and 11 which address the editorial policies of media organisations which were proposed by the Member of Parliament Samuel Nartey George who is the lead sponsor of the bill were accepted. This is to ensure compliance with Article 12 of the 1992 constitution.

Another motion regarding clause 12 which concerns funding of LGBTQ activities was raised by Alexander Afenyo-Markin for constitutional scrutiny but was rejected by the Speaker of Parliament, Alban Bagbin.

The bill will be forwarded to President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo for assent to be passed into law.

Under this law, individuals engaged in all activities outlined as criminalized in the bill could face imprisonment ranging from six months to three years. Promoters and sponsors of such acts could also be sentenced to three to five years in jail.

Meanwhile, advocacy groups including the Centre for Democratic Development (CDD) have urged the President, Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo not to assent to the Bill. Board Chair of CDD-Ghana Professor Audrey Gadzekpo says that the passage of the bill into law is untenable.

“Human rights are not dependent on majority approval or disapproval, therefore the assertion by the proponents of the Anti-LGBTQ+ Bill that because the majority of Ghanaians are allegedly in favour of the bill, justifies its passage into laws is untenable. Ghana is a secular and multi-religious country,” she was quoted by Daily Graphic .

The decision was reached on February 8 during parliamentary discussions on the clause-by-clause amendment of the Human Sexual Rights and Family Values Bill, also known as the anti-gay bill.

“For me, even the GH₵600 is a bargain because it aims to prevent lengthy custodial sentences. However, judges retain the discretion to impose fines, imprisonment, or both. Therefore, I believe that GH₵600 to GH₵1200, or a minimum of three months and a maximum of six months, will serve as an adequate deterrent,” Member of Parliament for Ningo Prampram Sam George was quoted by local media MyJoyOnline .

The lead proponent of the bill, Sam George, stressed the distinction between private actions and public advocacy, noting that Ghanaians are primarily concerned with preventing the promotion of LGBTQ+ agendas rather than interfering in individuals' private lives.

“What created the confusion was the establishment of an advocacy for the promotion of the activities, which is what Ghanaians are against. Nobody is interested in what you do in your bedroom. And so the punishment for one caught in the act yesterday February 7, is to be a minimum of 6 months, maximum of 3 years, George was quoted by local media GhanaWeb .

As a transgender, Sanjana is the first person from her community to secure a government job in the state and was posted in the Social Justice and Disabled Welfare Department in 2018. Additionally, she also serves as a para-legal volunteer in the Civil Legal Services Authority and is a member of the division bench in Lok Adalat or People’s Courts where she participates in the arbitration of cases.

The State Election Commission has designated her as the state icon for the upcoming assembly polls in Madhya Pradesh so that she may encourage people to participate in the democratic process by casting votes.

On the occasion of Transgender Awareness Week celebrated from November 13 to November 19, she told Global South World, “I reach out among the people and my aim is to inspire them to vote.”

LOW NUMBER OF REGISTERED TRANSGENDER VOTERS

According to Sanjana, there are merely 1,373 voters from the transgender community in the state although their population here is about 30,000

While the highest numbers of transgender voters are in Bhopal Central seat, there are 16 such assembly seats in the state where there is not even a single registered voter from the community.

Explaining the low numbers of registered voters in her community, Sanjana said, “Establishing oneself as transgender is challenging and the lengthy procedure discourages many from obtaining a transgender identity card.”

Belonging to a community that earns its livelihood by dancing, singing and begging, Sanjana has carved out a distinct identity for herself and serves as a role model for other members of her society as she is not only holding a government job but also participating in social service. 

Although she believes that the status of transgender is changing in society, still there is a lack of awareness among the people. She says, “The attitude of the people, who are initially helpful and caring, changes once they discover that she is a transgender.”

Sanjana believes that the life of transgender is not very easy; they have to face bias throughout their life.

FAMILIES DISCARD TRANSGENDER PEOPLE AGAINST THEIR WILL

Sanjana explains families have to throw out transgender individuals due to societal pressure often against their will.

Sanjana rues that political parties do not prioritize her community but she wants more and more people of her class to come forward and make their mark as she has done.

She says, “If the government wants to bring about equality then we should be provided education and job opportunities to help us move ahead.”

FIRST TRANSGENDER MLA ELECTED IN 2000

Madhya Pradesh elected the first transgender MLA Shabnam Mausi in 2000. She won the election from Sohagpur assembly seat by 18,000 votes. Her victory was perceived as a new beginning and an extraordinary event in Indian politics. Later, another transgender Kamla Jaan was also elected Mayor from Katni in Madhya Pradesh, but soon people became disillusioned with this community in politics.

In April this year, the Madhya Pradesh government, led by Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, included transgenders in the Other Backward Class (OBC) category to grant them reservation and other benefits. But not only the OBC members but also the transgender community protested against this.

Transgender people themselves were also unhappy with this decision, arguing that their community encompasses people from all sections, making it unrealistic to put them in a single category.

In May 2023, Uganda's President Yoweri Museveni signed one of the world's toughest  anti-LGBTQ laws , including the death penalty for "aggravated homosexuality" and a 20-year sentence for "promoting" homosexuality amid other penalties.

This law follows similar bills  that were overturned in technicalities and passed by the Parliament in 2009 and 2014, drawing condemnation from the United States and aid donors as a tragic violation of human rights.

Sanctions for the 2014 anti-LGBTQ law

The U.S. responded with aid cuts, and redirection of funds including a $2.4m Ugandan community policing program and cancelled a US-sponsored military exercise. Western donors, including the U.S., halted and re-directed about $118m in aid to Uganda. It relocated all funds allocated for projects in Uganda to another African country.

The 2023 law saw President Joe Biden threatening aid cuts and other sanctions, including visa restrictions, while Uganda, alongside three other African countries, was removed from the African Growth and Opportunity Act (Agoa) in December, affecting Uganda's duty-free exports to the US.

Sanctions for the 2023 anti-LGBTQ law

In June 2023 U.S. President Joe Biden threatened to cut aid to Uganda and other sanctions, including visa restrictions , against Ugandan officials, saying the U.S. would hold accountable those who are responsible for abusing human rights in Uganda, "including those of LGBTQI+ persons."

Later in December, the U.S. removed Uganda and three other African countries as beneficiaries of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (Agoa) for the reason that they no longer met requirements, ending Uganda’s ability to export certain commodities to the US duty-free.

In the 12 months to June 2023, Uganda’s exports to the U.S. alone under Agoa totalled $70.7 million. The expulsion could impact not only Uganda's foreign exchange but also jeopardize thousands of jobs, especially in the agricultural sector, employing 72 per cent of the country’s workforce.

Museveni’s response

In August 2023, Museveni waged war on second-hand clothing resulting in the ban of its importation into Uganda, contending that the clothes belonged to dead Westerners.

Later in December, Ugandan President Museveni dismissed the sanctions as inconsequential, asserting that Uganda has the right to uphold its sovereignty without external interference.

Uganda's government accused the U.S. of pushing an "LGBT agenda" in Africa through sanctions.

Days after U.S. President Biden suspended Uganda from Agoa, Museveni told Biden he was wasting his time and Uganda didn’t need his support, stating that the nation would trade with those who respect them.

Museveni assured Ugandans that such trade restrictions and pressures "have no meaning" because Uganda is a nation of "wealth creators".

“Some of the people who get carried away by linking up with foreign interests forget our strengths. For somebody to come and say 'unless you follow what I'm telling you I’ll not.....'  they are really not serious,” Museveni was quoted by The East African .

According to Museveni, those exerting pressure are wasting their time, as some actors in the Western world overestimate themselves and underestimate Africa's freedom fighters.

“Some of the foreign actors erroneously think that African countries cannot move forward without their support. Certainly, as far as Uganda is concerned, we have the capacity to achieve our growth and transformation targets, even if some of the actors do not support us,” Museveni was quoted in a Global South World article.

The resilience displayed by Uganda, facing recurrent sanctions, leaves an impression that the East African nation might not be inclined to bow out in the immediate future .

South Africa was the first African country t o protect LGBTQ+ people in its constitution in 2006. The country also prohibits discrimination against the LGBTQ+ community. President Cyril Ramaphosa later in 2020 passed a bill that prevents marriage officers from refusing to conduct same-sex marriages, local news agency News24 reported.

Countries including Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Lesotho, Seychelles, and Mauritius have all decriminalised homosexuality in the last decade. Recently in May 2023, the Supreme Court of Namibia ruled to recognize same-sex couples who marry abroad while Gabon's Senate voted in June 2020 to decriminalise homosexuality.

At the same time, several African countries have criminalized homosexuality including Ghana, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Mauritania, Somalia, South Sudan, Cameroon, Eritrea, Nigeria, and Chad.

In Mauritania, Nigeria, Somalia, and South Sudan, the maximum penalty for LGBTQ+ people is death while that of Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia is life imprisonment. LGBTQ+ people in Gambia, Kenya, and Malawi get a maximum penalty of 14 years jail term.

The High Court of Kenya in 2019 upheld the law criminalising consensual same-sex sexual activity, adding it is "an effective method to contain the country's HIV epidemic".

The Anti-Homosexuality Bill passed in 2022 in Uganda would sentence anyone who identifies with “lesbianism, gay, transgender, queer or any other sexual or gender identity contrary to the binary categories of male and female” to 10 years in prison.

While Eritrea's bill states that, “A person who performs with a person of the same sex an act corresponding to the sexual act, or any other indecent sexual act, is guilty of homosexual conduct, a Class 7 serious offense, punishable with a definite term of imprisonment of not less than 5 years and not more than 7 years.”

While some African countries have decriminalized homosexuality, homosexuals present in the countries still face many forms of violence. 

According to Human Rights Watch , Egyptian police and National Security Agency officers arbitrarily arrest lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people and detain them in inhuman conditions .

Likewise in February 2021, activists working on issues related to sexual orientation and gender identity at protests were arrested and physically assaulted by the Tunisian security forces. Such acts of violence have also been recorded in Rwanda .