This concludes our live coverage of Peru’s 2026 general election. Stay with Global South World for the latest developments and final outcomes as the electoral process continues to unfold.

02:33 GMT: Peru extends voting into Monday after more than 63,000 people were unable to cast their ballots.

Electoral authorities announced that voting will continue until 13 April in order to allow those affected by earlier disruptions to participate. The decision follows reports of delays and logistical issues at polling stations that prevented tens of thousands of voters from casting their ballots during Sunday’s election.

23:10 GMT: Polls close in Peru’s first-round presidential election, with exit polls pointing to Keiko Fujimori in the lead.

According to a Datum exit poll, right-wing candidate Keiko Fujimori is the most voted, while Rafael López Aliaga appears to be narrowly edging into second place, with only a slim margin over Jorge Nieto, suggesting a tightly contested race for the run-off.

23:05 GMT: P olls close in Peru as attention turns to which candidates will advance to a likely run-off

Voting has officially ended across the country following an extended election day marked by delays and logistical challenges. With a highly fragmented field of 35 candidates and no clear frontrunner, expectations are growing that the presidential race will head to a second round, with results set to determine which two candidates move forward to the decisive run-off.

22:44 GMT: Fuerza Popular presidential candidate Keiko Fujimori calls on electoral authorities to extend voting hours or organise a complementary vote for affected polling stations.

Fujimori urged the National Jury of Elections (JNE) and the Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) to take additional measures to ensure participation at 211 polling stations reportedly impacted by earlier disruptions. Her remarks come amid broader concerns over delays and logistical issues during election day.

20:50 GMT: Presidential candidate Francisco Diez Canseco of Perú Acción casts his vote at Alfonso Ugarte school in Lima’s San Isidro district during the 2026 election

20:45 GMT: Allegations of potential electoral irregularities emerge in Peru, with claims that around 13% of polling stations in Lima, representing over one million votes, may have been affected.

While these assertions have not been officially confirmed, they have prompted calls in some quarters to review the voting process, with suggestions that parts of the election could be repeated if significant irregularities are verified.

18:50 GMT: Presidential candidate José Luna Gálvez of Podemos Perú casts his vote at the Parque de la Amistad Convention Centre in Lima’s Santiago de Surco district

18:40 GMT: Peru’s interim president dismisses fraud claims following delays in opening polling stations

18:25 GMT: Magnitude 4 earthquake felt in Lima and Callao during Peru’s election day, with no injuries or damage reported.

Authorities said the tremor, centred offshore in the Pacific, was mild and posed no tsunami risk.

18:20 GMT: Presidential candidate Mario Vizcarra of Perú Primero casts his vote at Federico Villareal school in Lima’s Miraflores district

17:55 GMT: Peru’s electoral authorities extend voting by one hour nationwide following delays at polling stations, particularly in Lima, officials say.

The head of the ONPE, Piero Corvetto, said the election authority approved the measure, extending voting until 6:00 PM local time (11:00 PM GMT).

17:50 GMT: Presidential candidate George Forsyth of Somos Perú casts his vote at Isabel La Católica school in Lima’s La Victoria district

17:42 GMT: Presidential candidate Herbert Caller of the Partido Patriótico del Perú casts his vote at the National Agrarian University in Lima’s La Molina district

17:32 GMT: Reports emerge of voting disruptions in Lima, with some voters unable to cast ballots, raising concerns over the electoral process

17:10 GMT: Presidential candidate Antonio Ortiz of Salvemos al Perú casts his vote at Santa María Purísima school in Lima’s San Martín de Porres district

16:27 GMT: Presidential candidate Carlos Jaico casts his vote at Alfonso Ugarte school in Lima’s San Isidro district

15:40 GMT: Several major polling stations in Peru report delays in opening and receiving voters, in some cases due to a lack of electoral materials

15:20 GMT: Presidential candidate Rafael López Aliaga casts his vote during Peru’s general election

15:05 GMT: Presidential candidate Jorge Nieto violates electoral law by casting his vote outside the secret ballot booth

15:00 GMT: Presidential candidate Álvaro Paz de la Barra casts his vote in Lima’s La Molina district during Peru’s 2026 general election

14:00 GMT: Fuerza Popular presidential candidate Keiko Fujimori waves as she arrives to cast her vote in Lima

13:00 GMT: Keiko Fujimori, joined by family members, visits the grave of her father, former president Alberto Fujimori, at a Lima cemetery

12:52 GMT: Keiko Fujimori heads to a cemetery ahead of her election day breakfast, saying it is her way of honouring her parents’ memory

12:49 GMT: Presidential candidate Rafael López Aliaga heads to Pamplona Alta for traditional election day breakfast

12:30 GMT: Peru activates large-scale security operation for Sunday’s general election

12:00 GMT: Polls open across Peru as voting begins in highly fragmented election featuring a record 35 candidates

The voting process is set to run for 10 hours on election day, with polls expected to open at 7:00 AM local time (12:00 PM GMT) and close at 5:00 PM local time (10:00 PM GMT).

What to know

On April 12, Peru will hold its general election, in which voters will choose a new president, two vice-presidents and all members of Congress. If no presidential candidate secures more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a run-off will be held between the top two candidates several weeks later. Voting is compulsory for citizens aged 18 to 70, although enforcement of penalties for abstention is often inconsistent.

The election takes place against a backdrop of prolonged political instability. Over the past decade, Peru has had eight presidents, reflecting a persistent cycle of institutional crisis, impeachment proceedings and governance challenges. This instability has eroded public trust in political institutions and contributed to widespread voter disillusionment.

Security concerns, economic uncertainty and frustration with political elites are central issues shaping voter sentiment. While Peru has traditionally maintained macroeconomic stability, inequality, informal employment and rising crime rates remain pressing concerns for many voters.

The political landscape is highly fragmented and crowded. A record number of 35 candidates are contesting the 2026 election, making the outcome difficult to predict and increasing the likelihood of a run-off. Polling suggests a large share of undecided voters, further adding to uncertainty.

Front-running candidates & proposals

Keiko Fujimori (Fuerza Popular): A prominent right-wing candidate and experienced political figure, Fujimori has consistently ranked among the frontrunners. She campaigns on strengthening security, encouraging investment and restoring political stability, while maintaining a strong and loyal support base despite past electoral defeats and legal controversies.

Rafael López Aliaga (Renovación Popular): Another leading right-wing figure, López Aliaga appeals to conservative voters with proposals focused on economic liberalisation, infrastructure development and a tougher stance on crime.

Other candidates: The race includes a wide range of contenders from across the political spectrum, but none has consolidated sufficient support to clearly dominate the field. This fragmentation reflects broader dissatisfaction with traditional political parties.

Political climate & stakes

Peru’s election comes at a critical moment for its democracy. The country’s recent history of rapid presidential turnover underscores deep institutional weaknesses and ongoing tensions between the executive and legislative branches. Governance challenges have often led to confrontations, impeachments and abrupt leadership changes.

The campaign has also highlighted polarisation within Peruvian society. Candidates have sought to mobilise voters through strong rhetoric, with some framing the election as a turning point for stability and order. High-profile rallies, including those led by Fujimori, have emphasised resilience and defiance amid a competitive and uncertain race.

With no clear frontrunner and a fragmented political field, analysts expect the next president to face significant challenges in building consensus in Congress. This could limit the government ’s ability to pass reforms and address key issues such as security, economic recovery and institutional reform.

Ultimately, the election is seen as a test of Peru’s ability to break its cycle of political instability and restore confidence in its democratic system.

"I also ask that we correct our own past mistakes; we recognise them, we correct them, and I ask that we do not repeat them," she said.

Rodríguez said the sanctions had severely damaged the economy , leading to years of contraction, hyperinflation and widespread shortages. She noted that inflation once exceeded 300,000% and said the crisis had triggered a wave of migration, with many professionals leaving the country in search of better opportunities.

Rodríguez has been serving as acting president since January, after U.S. forces captured former president Nicolás Maduro, a move that plunged the country into political uncertainty.

The transition from Humala to Kuczynski in 2016 initially followed a standard electoral process, yet it also marked the beginning of a more fragmented political era. Kuczynski governed with a hostile Congress, which repeatedly sought his removal. Mounting pressure linked to corruption allegations ultimately led to his resignation in March 2018, setting a precedent for executive vulnerability under congressional scrutiny.

His successor, Vizcarra, inherited both the presidency and the institutional conflict. His decision to dissolve Congress in 2019, though constitutional, intensified political polarisation. In November 2020, Congress removed him on grounds of “moral incapacity”, a constitutional provision that has since become central to Peru’s instability. This mechanism, broadly defined and politically contested, has enabled repeated presidential removals without the need for criminal conviction.

The short-lived presidency of Merino, lasting only five days, highlighted the limits of congressional legitimacy when faced with public opposition. Mass protests forced his resignation, leading Congress to appoint Sagasti as a transitional president. Sagasti’s administration restored a degree of stability, overseeing elections and completing a full interim mandate, which remains an exception in an otherwise turbulent decade.

The election of Castillo in 2021 once again raised expectations of political renewal. However, his presidency was characterised by persistent confrontation with Congress, frequent cabinet changes, and ongoing investigations. The crisis culminated in December 2022, when Castillo attempted to dissolve Congress and was immediately removed from office. His vice-president, Boluarte, assumed power, but her tenure was also marked by protests, governance challenges, and eventual removal by Congress in 2025.

The appointment of Jerí as interim president in 2025 continued the pattern of short-lived administrations. His removal in early 2026, following allegations of misconduct, reinforced the perception of systemic instability rather than isolated crises. Across these transitions, a consistent pattern emerges: presidents rarely complete their mandates, and leadership changes are driven more by institutional confrontation than by electoral cycles.

Several structural factors explain this phenomenon. Peru’s fragmented party system weakens executive support in Congress, while the constitutional provision of “moral incapacity” provides a flexible tool for removal. Additionally, corruption investigations have affected multiple administrations, further eroding public trust. These conditions create a political environment in which governance is often secondary to survival.

As Peru approaches new general elections , the primary expectation is not necessarily political transformation but institutional stabilisation. The key challenge for future leadership will be to establish a functional relationship between the executive and legislative branches. Without reforms that clarify constitutional ambiguities and strengthen party systems, the cycle observed over the past decade is likely to persist, regardless of electoral outcomes.

A new voting simulation reported by El Comercio shows Peru’s 2026 presidential race remains highly volatile just days before the April 12 election. The poll suggests no clear frontrunner, with several candidates clustered closely and a significant share of undecided voters. Analysts say the “electoral board keeps shifting” as alliances and late campaign dynamics influence voter preferences. The fragmented landscape reflects broader political instability following years of institutional crisis. Experts warn that the lack of a dominant candidate could lead to a highly contested second round. The findings underline the unpredictability of one of Peru’s most uncertain elections in recent history .

One dead and dozens injured in Lima stadium incident

At least one person has died, and dozens were injured following a crowd incident outside Lima’s Alejandro Villanueva Stadium ahead of a match involving Alianza Lima. Authorities ruled out any structural collapse, indicating the incident was caused by disorder among fans gathered for a pre-match event. Emergency services treated numerous injured people, several of them in critical condition, as investigations continue into the circumstances. Officials and club representatives pledged full cooperation to determine responsibility. Despite the incident, the domestic league confirmed the fixture would go ahead as planned. The tragedy has renewed concerns over crowd control and safety at major sporting events in Peru.

Peruvian engineer joins historic Artemis II moon mission

Peruvian engineer Jackelynne Silva Martinez has been highlighted for her role in NASA’s Artemis II, the mission set to orbit the Moon. Her participation marks a significant milestone for Peru’s presence in global space exploration. According to reports by La Republica, Silva Martínez is contributing to key engineering aspects of the programme. The mission is part of broader efforts to return humans to the Moon and pave the way for future Mars exploration. Her achievement has been widely celebrated as an inspiration for young scientists in Peru. Officials and academics emphasised the importance of investing in science and technology to build on such successes.

Mining exports surge driven by gold and copper

Peru’s mining exports recorded a sharp increase of 47.6% in December 2025, according to figures from the Ministry of Energy and Mines of Peru cited by La Republica. The growth was largely driven by strong international demand for gold and copper, the country’s main export commodities . The figures highlight the continued importance of the mining sector to Peru’s economy, accounting for a significant share of export revenues. Authorities noted that global market conditions and production levels both contributed to the surge. Economists say the trend could support economic recovery if sustained. However, they also stress the need for diversification to reduce dependence on raw materials.

Peruvian scientists highlight climate impact in Antarctica

A group of Peruvian researchers participating in Antarctic missions have warned about the growing impact of climate change on the continent’s megafauna. According to La Republica, the scientists—described as ambassadors of Peru and science—are studying how rising temperatures affect marine ecosystems and species survival. Their findings point to shifts in animal behaviour and habitat conditions linked to global warming. The research forms part of Peru’s ongoing scientific presence in Antarctica. Experts stress that such studies are crucial for understanding global climate patterns. The initiative also highlights Peru’s contribution to international environmental research efforts.

The bar, made from nearly 2,000 kilograms of chocolate, surpasses the 220-metre record set in 2025.

The upcoming election stands out for the unusually high number of candidates. More than thirty contenders have registered to run, making it one of the most crowded presidential races in the country’s history . This reflects a highly fragmented political landscape, where parties are divided, and new political movements continue to emerge without clear dominance.

For many voters, the wide range of options has not necessarily translated into enthusiasm. Instead, it has contributed to confusion and scepticism, with a large portion of the electorate still undecided. Analysts suggest that this reflects a broader sense of disillusionment, as citizens struggle to identify candidates who can effectively address the country’s ongoing challenges.

The campaign itself has been marked by a limited focus on detailed policy proposals. While candidates have put forward a variety of ideas, critics argue that there has been little in-depth debate on key issues such as public security , corruption, and economic inequality. As a result, the election has often been characterised more by personalities than by clear political programmes.

Despite the political turmoil, Peru’s economy has remained relatively stable compared to other countries in the region. However, experts warn that continued instability could eventually affect investor confidence and economic performance, especially if the next government struggles to maintain consistent policies.

With no clear frontrunner likely to secure an outright majority, a second-round runoff appears almost certain. This means that alliances and voter mobilisation will play a crucial role in determining the final outcome. As election day approaches, Peru faces a critical moment that could either stabilise its political system or prolong a cycle of uncertainty.

The figures, reflected in recent diaspora estimates, underscore a sustained wave of outward migration driven by economic volatility, political uncertainty and shifting labour opportunities, analysts say.

The United States remains by far the leading destination for Brazilians, with an estimated over 2 million residents, accounting for the largest share of the diaspora globally.

Migration to the U.S. has historically surged during periods of economic instability in Brazil, particularly during the hyperinflation era of the late 1980s and more recent economic downturns.

Large Brazilian communities are concentrated in states such as Florida, Massachusetts and New York, where service-sector employment and established migrant networks continue to attract new arrivals.

Portugal hosts the second-largest Brazilian population abroad, with more than 500,000 residents, benefiting from shared language and historical ties.

Across Europe more broadly, over 1.6 million Brazilians are estimated to reside in the region, reflecting strong migration flows into countries such as the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany and Italy.

Experts point to easier integration, cultural familiarity and expanding job markets as key pull factors.

Neighbouring Paraguay ranks among the top destinations, hosting more than 260,000 Brazilians, driven largely by cross-border economic activity and agricultural opportunities.

Regional migration within South America accounts for a significant share of the diaspora, with many Brazilians relocating for land access, trade and lower living costs.

The United Kingdom has become a major European destination, with around 230,000 Brazilians, supported by opportunities in hospitality, construction and professional services .

In contrast, Brazil’s migration to Japan reflects historical ties, with many migrants of Japanese descent taking advantage of labour policies that facilitate work permits. Japan hosts more than 210,000 Brazilians, particularly in industrial regions.

What they said

Petro said the accusations would be dismantled in U.S. legal proceedings and denied any ties to traffickers. Colombia’s embassy stated, “The reported insinuations have no legal or factual basis.” Ecopetrol President Ricardo Roa said the allegations involving the state oil company “lacked all reality or logic.”

He explained that the initiative will be formally presented by Ghana’s president, John Dramani Mahama, before international bodies on March 25. The proposal seeks to classify slavery as "the gravest crime against humanity", aiming to establish a legal and moral precedent within the international system.

Ablakwa also said the international community has not fully acknowledged the gravity of these crimes or held those responsible accountable.

"For more than 300 years, Africans were treated as property, many of them in the most dehumanising and despicable circumstances. Perpetrators are yet to apologise and have not compensated the victims," Ablakwa said.

“It is unfortunate that our friends in the EU and the US have served notice that they will not be voting for this resolution, but the good news is that we are far more than them, and we want to be on the side of justice, on the right side of history ,” he added.

A new poll published by El Tiempo places Gustavo Cepeda in the lead ahead of Colombia’s 2026 presidential election with 34.5% support. He is followed by Paloma Valencia on 22.2%, while Abelardo De La Espriella trails with 15%. The survey reflects an increasingly competitive political landscape, with significant fragmentation among opposition figures. Analysts suggest the results highlight shifting voter preferences and early consolidation around leading candidates. With the election still months away, the figures remain fluid but indicate a strong старт for Cepeda’s campaign. The poll also underscores the importance of alliances as candidates seek to broaden support.

Colombia strengthens leadership with CELAC-Africa forum

Colombia has hosted a high-level forum between the CELAC and African representatives, reinforcing its diplomatic leadership role. According to the Foreign Ministry, the initiative aims to deepen cooperation in trade, sustainability and political dialogue between both regions. Officials described the meeting as a milestone in South-South relations, positioning Colombia as a bridge between Latin America and Africa. The forum also focused on shared challenges such as climate change and economic development. Authorities stressed the importance of multilateralism in addressing global issues. The event is part of Bogotá’s broader strategy to expand its international influence.

Birth rate in Antioquia falls to lowest level in 18 years

New data reported by DANE shows that births in Antioquia dropped to their lowest level in nearly two decades during 2025. The decline reflects broader demographic trends across Colombia, including lower fertility rates and changing social dynamics. Experts attribute the drop to economic uncertainty, increased access to education and shifting family planning choices. The figures raise concerns about long-term impacts on the labour force and economic growth. Authorities are monitoring the trend as part of national demographic planning. The data highlights a significant transformation in population patterns within the region.

Four Clan del Golfo suspects arrested in major operation

Colombian authorities have captured four alleged members of the Clan del Golfo wanted by the United States on drug trafficking charges. The operation was carried out by national police in coordination with international agencies, marking a significant blow to the criminal network. Officials stated that the suspects were involved in large-scale narcotics operations linked to transnational routes. The arrests form part of ongoing efforts to dismantle organised crime structures in Colombia. Authorities emphasised continued cooperation with US law enforcement. The case underscores the persistent challenge posed by drug trafficking groups.

Dispute grows over claims in Uribe assassination case

Tensions have escalated following accusations related to the assassination of Miguel Uribe Uribe, with Ivan Cepeda demanding concrete evidence to support recent claims. The controversy has reignited political debate, with differing factions disputing interpretations of historical responsibility. Cepeda criticised what he described as unfounded allegations and called for a fact-based approach. The issue has drawn renewed public attention to one of Colombia’s most emblematic political crimes. Analysts warn that the dispute could deepen existing political divisions. The case remains a sensitive topic in the country’s historical memory.

Yet symbolism has not translated into gender equality as a central pillar of Sheinbaum’s governing agenda. Instead, the early phase of her presidency has been defined by the implementation of sweeping judicial and electoral reforms originally proposed by her predecessor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador (also known as AMLO), the founder of her party, Morena (National Regeneration Movement).

These initiatives have dominated legislative activity, signalling a strategic emphasis on institutional restructuring rather than social or redistributive policies. Under Sheinbaum, Morena has recalibrated Mexico’s democratic architecture, systematically redesigning—or dismantling—institutions originally created to limit executive power.

Power without friction

This transformation is underpinned by an unprecedented concentration of political authority. In the 2024 elections, Morena dramatically expanded its control at the state level: the number of Morena governors rose from four to twenty-four of Mexico’s thirty-two states, collectively representing more than 72% of the population, often through electoral coalitions. At the federal level, Sheinbaum commands the strongest majority in the lower chamber since 1982, when the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) governed as a hegemonic force. As a result, opposition parties have been severely weakened.

This concentration of power is reshaping the mechanics of governance. Institutional friction has diminished, as seen in the swift passage of constitutional reforms to expand the military’s role in public security and the approval of the judicial reform that restructures the Supreme Court and introduces the popular election of judges—both advanced with limited cross-party negotiation.

In each case, Morena’s legislative dominance reduced the need for coalition-building, narrowing the space for pluralistic deliberation and weakening traditional checks and balances. Policy decisions are now largely settled within Morena’s internal structures rather than through open democratic contestation.

Mexico’s current political moment cannot be understood as the product of a single election cycle or reform package. The country’s long transition to democracy—unfolding over decades and culminating in the peaceful alternation of power in 2000—was widely described as the end of the PRI’s “perfect dictatorship”, a term popularised by Mario Vargas Llosa and later echoed by Mexican writers like Juan Villoro in assessing Mexico’s uneasy democratic consolidation. That transition sought to dismantle the authoritarian structures consolidated during the PRI’s late-twentieth-century dominance.

Today, however, Mexico’s power configuration increasingly resembles earlier periods, such as the presidency of Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1965-1970), when authority operated through formal constitutional mechanisms concentrated within a centralised presidential authority, strict control over political opposition and the press, and the violent repression of dissent. The presence of prominent Morena figures such as Marcelo Ebrard, Manuel Bartlett, and Mario Delgado—all of whom built their careers within the PRI before migrating to Morena—underscores continuity rather than rupture.

The democratizing reforms of the late twentieth century rested on fragile pillars that are now under strain. Political pluralism, once gradually institutionalised through competitive elections and proportional representation, has been eroded by Morena’s overwhelming congressional dominance.

Redesigning institutional independence

The judiciary—once conceived as an independent constitutional counterweight and a guarantor of fundamental rights—was overhauled in the 2025 judicial elections. Approved by an estimated turnout of just 13% amid widespread voter confusion, the reform fundamentally alters the courts’ role as an independent arbiter.

Initiated under AMLO and supported by Sheinbaum, the overhaul politicises the judiciary and weakens the rule of law. Rather than constraining executive authority through technical and professional oversight, the judiciary now aligns more closely with the ruling party and faces heightened exposure to infiltration by organised crime through politicised judicial appointments.

This reform is not an attempt to expand her personal executive apparatus, but it does represent a structural consolidation of Morena’s long-term dominance. By reshaping the judiciary’s composition and weakening its autonomy, the governing party reduces institutional counterweights that could constrain future administrations. 

Electoral institutions, long regarded as cornerstones of Mexico’s democratic transition after the disputed 1988 elections, are also poised for transformation. Sheinbaum’s proposed reform of the National Electoral Institute (INE) would significantly reshape Mexico’s electoral system by introducing the popular election of electoral authorities, reducing legislative representation, and tightening public spending. The proposal would also shrink Congress. Most alarmingly, it would dissolve the INE altogether and replace it with a centralised electoral body that would absorb the functions of state-level electoral institutes.

These reforms are unfolding in a context where democratic rights are already fragile. According to the Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) , Mexico scores just 5 out of 10 on the indicators of freedom of expression and separation of powers. Additionally, it receives a score of only 4 points on the civil rights indicator, which barely puts Mexico in the category of a defective democracy rather than an autocracy. The trend, however, shows clear signs of deterioration.

Freedom of expression remains particularly vulnerable. Since 2000, more than 150 journalists have been murdered , while countless others face daily harassment and threats. In her morning press conferences, Sheinbaum has continued the practice of the so-called “Lie Detector,” a rebranded version of AMLO’s “Who’s Who in the Lies,” used to publicly denounce journalists accused of spreading “falsehoods” for criticising Morena.

Mexico’s internal concentration of power also shapes its external posture. Ahead of the upcoming review of the USMCA trade agreement, Sheinbaum’s administration has taken steps aimed at appeasing Washington—often at a cost to Mexican citizens. Security policy, in particular, continues to prioritise optics over justice. The transfer of ninety-two cartel members to date has been a calculated manoeuvre   that bypassed formal extradition procedures.

Controlling the optics

Narrative management lies at the heart of Morena’s governing style. With five years still ahead, Sheinbaum faces a fundamental choice: whether to dismantle organised crime and corruption or to once again rebrand impunity. The president has highlighted a sharp decline in homicide rates , attributing it to improved coordination among security forces. Yet many observers question the reliability of these figures, particularly as reported disappearances have continued to rise annually under Morena governments.

International concern has intensified. In April 2025, the UN Committee on Enforced Disappearances invoked Article 34 of the Convention against Enforced Disappearance with respect to Mexico—a rare step reserved for cases where there are well-founded indications of widespread or systematic disappearances. While not a final judgment, the move placed Mexico under heightened international scrutiny and underscored persistent concerns about impunity and institutional capacity.

Corruption allegations have also trailed Sheinbaum’s administration. Two flagship infrastructure projects championed by Morena—the Tren Maya and the Interoceanic Corridor —have been linked to fatal accidents. In both cases, leaked audio recordings involving AMLO’s children have suggested structural flaws and irregularities in construction processes.

On the international stage, Sheinbaum has shown greater engagement than her predecessor. She attended the G20 summit in Brazil and the G7 meeting in Canada and has strengthened Mexico’s ties with the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. She has also managed—at least so far—to maintain a cordial relationship with U.S. President Donald Trump, keeping tariffs at bay.

Yet Washington’s renewed focus on the region, including intervention in Venezuela and threats of cross-border military operations against Mexican cartels, poses a challenge to Morena’s discourse of sovereignty. Increasingly, the administration appears more focused on framing and justifying the possibility of U.S. military intervention than on preventing it.

Optics in Mexican politics has always been a priority for the incumbent administration, regardless of the party. The PRI sought to maintain absolute political stability and secure its own, unchallenged dominance over the government, which lasted uninterrupted for 71 years. When the PAN (National Action Party) took power in 2000, the two main things they wanted to portray were “change” and “modernisation”. Now that Morena is in its second mandate, Sheinbaum must navigate competing audiences: the Mexican public, hardline Morena party members, and U.S. President Trump. 

The recent detention and ensuing death of “El Mencho”, the leader of the NGJC—the most powerful and violent cartel of the past ten years—illustrates this logic, in which the target of the optics was the U.S. government as a response to mounting U.S. pressure over fentanyl and insecurity. In Mexico, people know that the detention of high-ranking leaders rarely dismantles criminal structures: fragmentation produces further violence and instability, especially in the case of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel.

Sheinbaum governs without the unifying authority that Andrés Manuel López Obrador commanded over Morena. Internal divisions have become more visible, and controversies involving high-profile figures—like Gerardo Fernández Noroña’s expenses and Adán Augusto López’s resignation as leader of the Senate due to political issues—have exposed cracks beneath the surface of legislative dominance. 

Sustaining the perception of order, economic stability, and sovereign control—particularly in relation to the United States—helps preserve political capital even as structural problems persist. In this sense, optics are not merely a communication strategy; they are a mechanism for maintaining authority in a system where formal checks have eroded.

Whether this approach consolidates democratic stability or further normalises executive dominance will define the remainder of her term. Sheinbaum’s central challenge will be balancing internal party cohesion, public legitimacy, and external pressures.

The opinions and thoughts expressed in this article reflect only the author's views.

Stephania Corpi is a journalist and documentary photographer based in Mexico. She reports on migration, human rights, gender equality, and underreported social and political issues across Latin America. Her work has appeared in The Washington Post , El País , The Guardian , NPR, Texas Public Radio, and other international outlets.

The growing pressure on Chile’s northern border

Over the past several years, Chile’s northern frontier has become one of the main migration routes into the country. Thousands of migrants, many travelling from Venezuela, Haiti and other parts of Latin America, have crossed through Bolivia before entering Chile via remote border points in the Andean plateau.

For Kast’s government, the situation represents a serious challenge to national security and state capacity. Officials argue that irregular crossings are linked not only to humanitarian migration but also to organised crime networks, including human trafficking, smuggling and drug transport routes operating across the Andean region.

The proposed border measures, therefore, go beyond a simple wall. The plan includes trenches, high fencing, electronic surveillance systems, drones and an expanded military presence along vulnerable sections of the frontier.

A difficult border to control

The border between Chile and Bolivia runs for roughly 860 kilometres across one of the most inhospitable landscapes in the world. Much of it cuts through high-altitude desert terrain in the Atacama Desert, where temperatures fluctuate dramatically, and infrastructure is scarce.

Policing such terrain has always been difficult. Even today, large sections of the frontier remain largely unmonitored.

For critics, this raises doubts about the practical effectiveness of building walls in such an environment . They argue that migration routes tend to adapt quickly to new barriers, often shifting to more remote or dangerous paths.

Regional and diplomatic implications

The proposal has also generated discussion in Bolivia, where some officials and analysts worry about the potential diplomatic impact of a heavily fortified border.

Relations between the two countries have long been shaped by historical tensions dating back to the War of the Pacific, which left Bolivia landlocked after losing its coastline to Chile.

Although trade and cross-border movement have continued in the decades since, the idea of a physical barrier raises concerns about the future dynamics of mobility and cooperation in the region.

At the same time, migration across the Andes is rarely a purely bilateral issue. Many migrants travelling through Bolivia have already crossed several countries before reaching Chile, making the phenomenon part of a much broader regional migration system.

This shift reflects a broader change in listening habits. Where global hits were once dominated by English-language pop, audiences are increasingly embracing music from regional scenes across Latin America, Asia and other emerging markets.

Some of the fastest-growing genres are closely tied to non-English markets. Among music styles generating more than $100 million in Spotify royalties, the biggest gains came from Brazilian funk, which grew 36%, followed by K-pop (31%), Latin trap (29%), Latin urban (27%) and reggaeton (24%).

Over the past decade, Latin pop and Korean music have produced worldwide hits, mainly from boy groups such as BTS, and recently, from Puerto Rican star Bad Buny. But the new data indicate that the diversity of international sounds reaching mainstream listeners is continuing to expand.

Shift away from U.S.

Spotify’s report also highlights the widening geographic spread of successful artists. Eighty-five per cent of artists earning at least $100,000 annually on the platform are based outside the United States, reflecting the increasingly global nature of the streaming economy.

Streaming has helped accelerate this change by making music instantly accessible worldwide. Spotify said more than half of the royalties artists earn on the platform now come from listeners outside their home country, underscoring how international discovery is driving the industry.

Artists generating significant income are also emerging from a broader range of countries. In 2025, performers earning more than $500,000 on Spotify came from 75 countries, while artists making at least $10,000 annually represented more than 150 countries.

Streaming platforms argue that this global reach has helped expand the music business overall. Spotify said it paid more than $11 billion to the music industry in 2025, bringing total lifetime payouts from the platform to nearly $70 billion.

The company also highlighted the rise of a growing “middle class” of musicians. More than 13,800 artists earned at least $100,000 from Spotify last year, while over 1,500 generated more than $1 million.

But the widening mix of languages on the global charts may be the clearest sign of how listening is changing. As streaming connects audiences across borders, the world ’s biggest hits are increasingly coming from many more languages than ever before.

The episode represents what could be described as a Latin American turn in a distant war. For decades, most countries in the region tried to maintain diplomatic balance in Middle Eastern conflicts, avoiding explicit alignment while preserving relations with multiple actors. Milei’s rhetoric breaks with that tradition. By openly identifying himself with Zionism and the strategic position of Israel and the United States, the Argentine leader has moved his country closer to the political logic of global blocs.

The shift is not only diplomatic but also ideological. Milei often frames international politics as a struggle between what he calls the “free world” and authoritarian regimes. In that worldview, support for Israel becomes part of a broader narrative that links Argentina to Western political and economic models. Foreign policy , therefore, is presented not simply as pragmatic diplomacy but as an extension of a larger ideological project.

This posture also reflects Milei’s effort to redefine Argentina’s international identity. Historically, Latin American diplomacy leaned toward multilateralism, neutrality, or regional consensus when confronting distant conflicts. By contrast, Milei’s discourse suggests a more assertive positioning within global disputes. In doing so, Argentina becomes one of the few countries in the region to openly take sides in a conflict unfolding thousands of kilometres away.

The implications go beyond Buenos Aires. If Argentina adopts a consistently aligned stance with Israel and the United States on Middle Eastern affairs, it could alter long-standing diplomatic patterns across Latin America . Some governments in the region have traditionally supported Palestinian causes, while others prefer cautious neutrality. Milei’s position introduces a new variable into that delicate balance.

Ultimately, the significance of the statement lies less in the phrase itself than in what it reveals about the changing geopolitical posture of the region. A Latin American turn in a distant war may still be largely rhetorical, but it reflects a broader question about the region’s place in an increasingly polarised world: whether Latin America will continue observing global conflicts from the sidelines, or whether some of its leaders will choose to take clearer positions in the battles shaping the international order.

The video appeared days after Trump unveiled the coalition at an event in Florida alongside leaders from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay and Trinidad and Tobago.

Trump said the initiative was designed to curb drug cartels and transnational gangs, which he described as an “unacceptable threat” to national security and one that could only be defeated by “unleashing the power of the militaries.” 

Xinhua’s animated clip, however, cast the plan in a very different light.

The satire appears aimed at Washington’s long-standing role as a security power in the Americas, suggesting that U.S. interventions can themselves fuel instability.

The video also reflects the increasingly sharp messaging battle between Washington and Beijing over influence in Latin America.

Trump has repeatedly vowed to restore what he calls American leadership in the hemisphere and push back against China’s growing economic presence in the region. 

Beijing has expanded trade, financing and infrastructure investment across Latin America in recent years, often filling gaps left by declining Western development funding.

While Washington frames its new coalition as a security partnership against drug trafficking and organised crime, Chinese officials have warned against what they see as a return to Cold War-style power politics in the region.

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said over the weekend that Beijing’s engagement with Latin America is focused on trade and development and is not directed against any third party.

“The international stage of the 21st century should no longer be a stage for the old dramas of the 19th century,” Wang said.

U.S. officials, meanwhile, argue that initiatives such as the Shield of the Americas are aimed at strengthening regional cooperation and improving security across the hemisphere.

“We want our hemisphere to be safer, to be more sovereign, and to be more prosperous,” U.S. special envoy Kristi Noem told regional leaders during a working meeting following the launch.

The Trump administration is quietly preparing a possible criminal case against Venezuela's interim president , Delcy Rodríguez, including drafting an indictment, as part of efforts to increase U.S. leverage over Caracas, according to four sources familiar with the matter. Prosecutors are considering corruption and money-laundering charges linked to Venezuela’s state oil company PDVSA and have warned Rodríguez she could face prosecution unless she continues cooperating with Washington after the U.S. removal of Nicolás Maduro in January. The draft charges are being developed by the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Miami and have evolved over the past two months, the sources said. The investigation focuses on the alleged laundering of PDVSA funds between 2021 and 2025. Separately, U.S. officials have also presented Rodríguez with a list of at least seven former senior Venezuelan officials and associates they want detained in Venezuela for possible extradition, according to the sources.

Venezuela pledges mining reform as US official visits

U.S. Interior Secretary Doug Burgum met Venezuela’s interim president Delcy Rodríguez in Caracas as the Trump administration seeks to expand oil and mineral production in the South American country. Following the talks, Rodríguez said she would soon submit a proposal to Venezuela’s legislature to reform the country’s mining laws in an effort to attract foreign investment. Burgum said economic cooperation between the United States and Venezuela could grow significantly and noted that he was accompanied by representatives from several U.S. companies interested in accessing the country’s oil and mineral resources. He said investors are eager to begin projects and reduce regulatory barriers that could allow new capital to flow into Venezuela’s energy and mining sectors. The visit comes months after Washington backed the removal of former Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro, a move that drew criticism from some international observers.

Freed Argentine officer calls for release of foreign prisoners in Venezuela

Nahuel Gallo, an Argentine military police officer released after 448 days in detention in Venezuela, has urged the international community to push for the release of 24 foreign nationals still held in the Rodeo I prison, a facility widely criticised for its harsh conditions. Speaking at a news conference in Buenos Aires, Gallo said he would not feel truly free until the remaining detainees regain their freedom. Argentina’s Foreign Minister Pablo Quirno, who appeared alongside him, thanked international allies including the United States, Italy and Israel for their support in securing Gallo’s release. Gallo was arrested in December 2024 while travelling to visit family and was accused by Venezuelan authorities of espionage. Venezuela’s government claimed he attempted to enter the country irregularly while concealing his true intentions.

How Venezuelan prisoners smuggled messages from jail

In a small apartment near Caracas, Adriana Briceño holds up what looks like rubbish. Hidden on the back of a chocolate wrapper is a message written by her son to his father, Ángel Godoy, while he was imprisoned in Venezuela’s notorious El Helicoide jail. “Daddy, take this to sweeten things a little. We love you,” the note reads. Originally built in the 1950s as a luxury shopping centre, El Helicoide was never completed and was later turned into a detention centre run by Venezuela’s intelligence services. It became a symbol of repression, with UN investigators documenting cases of arbitrary detention and torture there. Recently released prisoners say they endured beatings, isolation and threats against their families. Hundreds of political detainees have been freed since January, though many remain behind bars, according to rights groups.

Venezuelan was deported to an El Salvador prison over tattoos

In Bogotá’s Bolívar Square, Venezuelan migrant Luis Muñoz Pinto recalled the moment he was deported from the United States to El Salvador’s notorious Cecot mega-prison. The 27-year-old was among more than 250 Venezuelan men deported last March after the Trump administration accused them of links to the Tren de Aragua gang. “I thought my life had ended,” he said, describing the shock and harsh treatment u pon arrival. Now free, Muñoz Pinto is among more than 100 deportees a U.S. federal court has said must be allowed to return to the United States for due process. He insists the tattoos on his knees, two roses, were wrongly interpreted as gang symbols. “They are for my younger sisters, who are twins,” he said. “They have nothing to do with gangs.”

Puerto Rican artist Bad Bunny made headlines at the 2026 Grammy Awards after winning Album of the Year for Debí Tirar Más Fotos. The victory marked a historic moment for Latin music, with the project becoming one of the most prominent Spanish-language albums ever recognised in the ceremony’s top category.

He continued to host the 2026 Super Bowl Halftime show, which went on to become the most-watched and streamed since Michael Jackson's Super Bowl performance in 1993.

African artists also had a strong showing at the Grammys.

South African singer Tyla also won Best African Music Performance for her single Push 2 Start, adding to the global momentum of African genres such as Afrobeats and Amapiano. To add to her winning catalogue, she won the 57th NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding International Song of the Year with her hit single, "Is It".

The awards also paid tribute to one of Africa’s most influential musicians. Nigerian Afrobeat pioneer Fela Aníkúlápó Kuti received a posthumous Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, becoming the first African artist to be honoured in that category.

Latin and African artists have increasingly moved beyond regional success to become mainstream global figures.

Additionally, Nigerian sensation Tems became the first African female artist to record seven entries on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in February 2026. She reached that mark after her song “What You Need” debuted at number 93 on the Billboard Hot 100, bringing her total number of songs on the chart to seven.

With this total, Tems ties the record for the most Hot 100 appearances by any African act, alongside Burna Boy and South African band Seether.

Streaming platforms and social media have accelerated this shift, allowing audiences around the world to discover genres such as reggaeton, Afrobeats and Amapiano.

As a result, music from the Global South now regularly competes in major international categories rather than being confined to specialised genre awards.

The influence of Global South artists has also been visible across other international ceremonies in early 2026.

On February 28, Spanish star Rosalía , known for blending flamenco with contemporary pop and urban sounds, was among the artists recognised at the BRIT Awards, where she received the International Artist of the Year award.

The win reflects the broader diversification of global pop music, with non-English language artists increasingly recognised at traditionally Western-dominated ceremonies.

To prevent stolen notes from entering circulation, the Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) invalidated banknotes from the affected “Series B” batch and later published the serial number ranges linked to the crash. The BCB also set up an online serial-number verifier so the public can confirm whether a Bs10, Bs20 or Bs50 note has been invalidated.

The response, however, has also fuelled disruption in daily trade . Reports say some businesses and transport operators have refused to accept even legitimate “Series B” notes, forcing many Bolivians to queue at banks and the central bank to check and exchange cash.

Central bank chief David Espinoza has urged the public to cooperate and accept legal tender, warning that the crash-linked bills were identifiable and unauthorised. “The banknotes are not authorised for circulation… Anyone who holds these banknotes is committing a crime and must return them to financial institutions,” he said.

Investigators are still examining what caused the crash. The pilot told investigators the runway was icy and the brakes failed after landing, according to his lawyer.

Severe flooding and landslides triggered by torrential rainfall in the southeastern state of Minas Gerais have left at least 64 people confirmed dead, with more still missing and emergency crews continuing search and rescue operations. The cities of Juiz de Fora and Ubá have been hardest hit, with large swathes of residential areas inundated and infrastructure damaged including roads and bridges. Authorities reported that heavy rainfall since earlier this week has forced more than 4,700 residents to evacuate their homes and seek shelter elsewhere.

President promises free housing and financial aid for flood victims in Minas Gerais

During his visit to Juiz de Fora, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva announced immediate assistance measures for families impacted by torrential rains that have killed at least 70 people in Minas Gerais. Addressing residents in the worst-affected city, he pledged free housing for those who lost their homes and access to funds from employment guarantee schemes. The president outlined a purchase assistance system allowing families to choose replacement homes anywhere in the state. Stressing that no victim would be left unsupported, Lula urged authorities to avoid bureaucratic delays in responding to the crisis. According to the state fire brigade, the majority of fatalities occurred in Juiz de Fora, with additional deaths reported in nearby Uba.

Bolsonaro’s son draws level with Lula in new presidential poll

A new electoral survey published by El Pais shows one of Jair Bolsonaro’s sons statistically tied with Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva for the first time in a hypothetical presidential race. The poll marks a significant shift in Brazil’s political landscape, suggesting the Bolsonaro family retains strong support despite ongoing legal and political challenges. Analysts cited by the newspaper point to growing polarisation and dissatisfaction among segments of the electorate as factors behind the narrowing gap. While Lula remains a central figure in Brazilian politics, the emergence of a Bolsonaro heir as a competitive contender underscores the enduring influence of the former president’s political movement ahead of future elections.

Lula hails Women’s World Cup, calls for greater recognition of women’s football

Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has publicly praised the upcoming FIFA Women’s World Cup 2027, which Brazil will host, and called for the sport to receive greater institutional and cultural recognition. Speaking at an event tied to the Women’s World Cup trophy tour in Brasília, Lula underscored the importance of elevating women’s football in Brazil and globally, linking the tournament to broader efforts for gender equality in sport. He said the heightened visibility offered by the World Cup presents an opportunity to address longstanding disparities, including in pay and professional support, between male and female athletes. Brazilian officials and sports representatives at the ceremony echoed his remarks, highlighting how the tournament could inspire future generations and advance recognition of women’s achievements on the pitch.

São Paulo initiative offers hygiene and legal aid to crack cocaine users

A programme in São Paulo is providing free showers, legal advice and social support to people struggling with crack cocaine addiction. The initiative operates in areas long associated with open drug use and seeks to restore dignity while connecting individuals with public services . By offering basic hygiene facilities and access to lawyers, organisers aim to rebuild trust between vulnerable populations and authorities. The scheme reflects a harm-reduction approach that prioritises social reintegration over punitive measures, amid ongoing debate in Brazil over how best to address chronic drug dependency and urban marginalisation.

At first glance, the phenomenon appears highly visual: teenagers wearing animal masks, mimicking animal movements or speaking about feeling connected to wolves, cats or other species. However, as the trend has spread, discussion has shifted from the imagery itself to the meaning behind it.

Those who identify as therians generally do not claim physical transformation. Instead, they describe a psychological or symbolic alignment with a particular animal, saying certain instincts, traits or emotional patterns feel central to their sense of self. For many, it is framed as an internal experience rather than a performance.

Public reaction in Latin America has been mixed, ranging from curiosity and support to scepticism and concern. Some see it as a form of adolescent self-expression amplified by social media, while others question whether it reflects a deeper or more lasting shift in how young people define themselves.

Specialists note that adolescence has long been a period of identity exploration. In a digital environment where online communities can grow rapidly across borders, new forms of self-description can gain visibility and legitimacy faster than in previous generations.

As therian identity in Latin America moves beyond viral content into wider cultural debate, the conversation increasingly centres on broader questions about personal identity: how it is formed, how flexible it can be, and how societies respond when emerging expressions of self challenge familiar categories.

President Claudia Sheinbaum said there are “all guarantees” for safe hosting of the tournament, despite recent security challenges.

However, the deadly violence that erupted after federal forces killed Nemesio “El Mencho” Oseguera Cervantes, leader of the powerful Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), shook parts of western Mexico, especially in Guadalajara and nearby regions. The unrest included roadblocks, burning vehicles, and clashes between cartel members and security forces.

Guadalajara, one of Mexico’s three World Cup host cities alongside Mexico City and Monterrey, is scheduled to host four matches this summer, including high-profile group–stage games featuring teams like Mexico, Spain, South Korea and Uruguay.

The city’s stadium and surrounding areas saw heightened tension as authorities responded with increased security and temporary suspensions of local football matches.

FIFA and local authorities are monitoring the evolving situation closely. While the sport ’s governing body has not announced plans to remove Mexico from its hosting duties, security concerns have been raised, and discussions are reportedly ongoing about how to reassure visiting fans, teams, and officials.

Despite the concerns, preparations continue. Organisers and governments are planning enhanced safety measures, from military and police deployments to advanced surveillance technologies designed specifically for the tournament. Experts stress that major international events like this often involve layered security planning, with cooperation between host nations critical for success.

Mexico’s 2026 World Cup matches are still scheduled to take place in the country, but recent violence, particularly in Jalisco, has intensified scrutiny of security arrangements. With just months until kick-off, authorities are under pressure to restore confidence, reassure international visitors, and ensure safe conduct of the world’s biggest football event.

Drone footage recorded on Monday, February 23, showed deserted streets across the tourist hub, with burned-out vehicles abandoned along roadways. Several shops remained shuttered, while others bore charred exteriors and scattered debris in the aftermath of the unrest.

What they said

Mexico's President Claudia Sheinbaum wrote on X, “There is absolute coordination with the governments of all states,” adding that “in the vast majority of the national territory, activities are proceeding with complete normality.” US Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau called Oseguera “one of the bloodiest and most ruthless drug kingpins” and said, “This is a great development for Mexico, the US, Latin America , and the world.”

The controversy surrounding former official Juan Cardama has escalated into a major political dispute in Uruguay. Cardama is accused of alleged irregularities and possible fraud linked to state management and public funds , though the legal process is still ongoing. While some lawmakers argue there are sufficient grounds to investigate potential misuse of resources, others warn against turning the process into political persecution. Commentators describe Parliament as a “war zone”, reflecting the intense institutional and partisan confrontation sparked by the case. The debate now centres not only on whether Cardama committed wrongdoing, but also on how the investigation should proceed and under what majority rules.

Senate researcher suggests majority backing for a Cardama investigation commission

A Senate pre-investigator recommended to legislators that a majority vote should be sufficient to create a commission to investigate the Cardama case, rather than a qualified majority. The suggestion reflects growing political pressure to examine alleged irregularities tied to state contracts and public funds. Lawmakers are now debating whether to establish the special commission, with supporters arguing it will enhance transparency and critics warning it may fuel political polarisation. The move signals rising institutional scrutiny of corruption allegations.

Government expands drought aid measures to 12 departments

Uruguay’s Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries (MGAP) announced it is extending emergency assistance measures for drought relief to 12 departments, as parts of the country face serious water deficits affecting crops, livestock and rural livelihoods. The package includes support for water access, feed assistance and flexible loan conditions for affected farmers. Officials stressed the need for coordinated regional responses and early planning to mitigate ongoing climate stress. Local governors welcomed the announcement but urged faster implementation in the hardest-hit areas.

Well-known Punta del Este businessman charged; daughter under investigation in US

A prominent Punta del Este entrepreneur has been formally charged in Uruguay in a high-profile case that has drawn significant media attention. Authorities also revealed that the businessman’s daughter, currently in the United States, is being investigated by US law enforcement for her alleged involvement in related activities. Details of the case remain under judicial seal, but sources say the charges relate to financial misconduct and possible cross-border elements. The development has raised questions about accountability and international cooperation in complex financial crime cases.

Emails and parties reveal link between Epstein and famous Italian businessman in Uruguay

Investigative reporting has uncovered emails and social events suggesting a connection between Jeffrey Epstein and a well-known Italian businessman who spent significant time in Uruguay. The correspondence and social records indicate that Epstein and the businessman attended overlapping events and had contact over the years, prompting renewed scrutiny of elite networks tied to Epstein’s global activities. Journalists say the links shed light on how powerful figures moved within common social circles, with implications for understanding Epstein’s reach beyond the United States.