Her remarks formed part of a wider message on regional sovereignty, as she criticised external influence, particularly from the United States , and called for unity across Latin America. By pointing to Bolivia’s experience, Quilcué framed the region’s political direction as an ongoing struggle between competing models of governance, while emphasising the need for cooperation to address shared economic and social challenges.

Milei also claimed that countries like Venezuela are being “liberated” and predicted a future free Cuba, comments that come as Washington increases pressure on Havana through tighter sanctions . While US officials have reportedly considered contingency plans for unrest, Cuba has warned that further escalation could worsen the crisis and lead to serious consequences, even as it signals openness to dialogue.

Speaking on Global South Conversations with Ismail Akwei, Research Fellow at the GIGA Institute for Latin American Studies, Emilia Arellano described the “Pacto de Corruptos” as a loose alliance of political, economic and judicial actors who operate across governments to protect elite interests and maintain impunity.

'Pacto de Corruptos' a Household Name

The phrase has become widely used in Guatemala over the last decade, particularly after anti-corruption investigations exposed links between political leaders, business elites and state institutions. Public anger intensified in 2015 when then-President Otto Pérez Molina resigned and was later arrested over a customs fraud scandal uncovered by Guatemala’s Public Prosecutor’s Office and the UN-backed International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG).

Although anti-corruption efforts initially gained momentum, tensions between political elites and investigators later escalated. In 2019, the Guatemalan government ended CICIG’s mandate after years of investigations involving high-level officials and business figures. Critics argued the decision weakened accountability mechanisms and allowed powerful actors to regain influence within institutions.

Arellano said the “Pacto de Corruptos” does not represent one political ideology or party but instead functions through networks spread across different sectors of the state.

“They include political, economic, judicial, bureaucratic actors who have a single goal and they have been united by this goal, which is to have impunity and to protect their economic interests,” she said.

Judicial Institutions Under Scrutiny

Concerns over judicial independence have remained central to Guatemala’s political debate in recent years. Judges, prosecutors and journalists linked to anti-corruption investigations have reported intimidation, prosecution or exile.

Among the most prominent cases was that of former anti-corruption prosecutor Juan Francisco Sandoval, who fled Guatemala in 2021 after being dismissed from his role leading the Special Prosecutor’s Office Against Impunity. Several former judges and prosecutors connected to corruption investigations have also left the country citing security concerns.

Arellano said elite influence within the judiciary has weakened institutional oversight and reform efforts.

“We see how the judicial actors coming from the judges, the prosecutors have been captured by this elite and they now work in favour of them,” she said.

She added that the problem has extended across multiple administrations rather than being tied to one government.

“This is something that has been seen not only in the current government but also from previous governments,” she noted.

Reform Challenges Under Arévalo

The election of President Bernardo Arévalo in 2023 was widely interpreted as a rejection of corruption and democratic backsliding. His anti-corruption message attracted support from indigenous groups, young voters and civil society organisations frustrated with the political establishment.

However, attempts to implement reforms have faced institutional resistance. Before Arévalo took office, prosecutors sought to suspend his Semilla Movement party and questioned election results in moves that drew criticism from international observers and regional governments.

According to Arellano, the resistance reflects how deeply embedded elite networks remain inside state institutions.

“Elections themselves are not enough to provoke or to make a real change when the institutions have been captured and have been weakened for several years,” she said.

She argued that democratic reform in Guatemala will require broader institutional restructuring, stronger oversight systems and sustained civic participation beyond electoral politics.

Authorities in Paraguay are continuing investigations into the death of a young man who suffered a gunshot wound to the chest in the city of Ñemby, a case that has intensified public concern over violent crime and urban insecurity. The incident reflects broader anxieties surrounding public safety in parts of Paraguay where violent crime, armed confrontations, and street-level insecurity have increasingly drawn national attention. Fatal shootings involving young people often generate strong public reactions because they highlight both the vulnerability of youth and the limitations of local security responses. The death has also renewed debate around crime prevention policies and the effectiveness of law enforcement strategies in rapidly growing areas surrounding the capital region.

Paraguay opens renewable energy sector to private sales and tenders

Paraguay has regulated its renewable energy law , allowing private firms to generate, sell, and export clean energy, including solar and wind power. The reform opens the door for ANDE to launch international tenders, including a delayed 140 MW solar project in Chaco Central, with contracts lasting up to 30 years. President Santiago Peña called it “a decisive step” to attract investment, diversify energy sources, and meet growing electricity demand, while a new state-backed trust aims to reduce payment risk for private investors.

Paraguay expects 800 MW of new energy capacity led by the private sector

Paraguay plans up to 800 MW of new energy capacity as rising demand pushes the government to attract private investment through long-term contracts and its first 140 MW solar tender in Chaco Central. Officials say electricity demand grew by 18% in 2024 and 12.5% in 2025, well above historical levels, with Vice Minister Mauricio Bejarano stating: “The private sector will be the major player going forward in Paraguay.”

Paraguay traces Marset cocaine route from Bolivia to Europe

Paraguayan prosecutors have indicted Gianina García Troche , former partner of Uruguayan trafficker Sebastián Marset, outlining a drug network that moved cocaine from Bolivia to Europe through Paraguay. According to El País, the operation involved nearly 1,000 clandestine flights across the Paraguayan Chaco and the export of 17,340 kilos of cocaine seized in Belgium and the Netherlands, with an estimated European market value of up to USD 434 million.

Despite the allegations, members stressed that their experience was only a fraction of what Palestinians endure, calling for greater global awareness and action. The group reaffirmed its mission to deliver humanitarian aid to Gaza and push for the creation of a civilian maritime corridor to ensure access to food and medical supplies.

Mexico, however, reaffirmed its position of supporting national sovereignty and peaceful conflict resolution, stressing the importance of continued humanitarian cooperation with Cuba.

The remarks come amid growing pressure on the island, including US sanctions impacting fuel supplies and ongoing economic difficulties affecting daily life.

Participants voiced anger over ongoing road blockades disrupting the transport of food, fuel and medical services , and criticised both the groups behind the disruptions and the government’s response.

The march comes as Bolivia continues to grapple with unrest, shortages and rising tensions linked to supporters of former president Evo Morales.

This is not a new phenomenon. Looking back two decades, media coverage at the time highlighted a similar stance from former president Álvaro Uribe, who chose to avoid debates framed by confrontation and personal attacks. His argument centred on maintaining a campaign tone free from aggression—both receiving and delivering it. Today, sectors aligned with figures like Senator Iván Cepeda echo comparable reasoning, emphasising direct engagement with citizens over participation in adversarial debate formats.

This ongoing discussion reflects what is happening today, as highlighted by Carolay Morales, a Colombian journalist from Global South Voices. She points out that some political sectors argue it is more effective to speak directly to people in public squares, mass events, and public tours, rather than engage in debates with opponents. This approach prioritises a direct connection with supporters, but also raises questions about the lack of spaces to confront ideas between candidates.

However, this strategy has long sparked criticism. Commentators have argued that bypassing debates transforms political communication into a one-directional exchange, where candidates speak to supporters rather than engage with competing ideas. As noted years ago by Alejandro Gaviria, this dynamic resembles a “preacher and followers” relationship, raising concerns about the lack of dialogue between equals. Without debates, opportunities to challenge proposals, clarify positions, and contrast visions for the country become limited.

The persistence of this approach raises broader questions about democratic practice—not only in Colombia but globally. While campaign styles and political figures evolve, certain strategies remain unchanged. The current election cycle invites reflection on whether debates should be considered an essential component of democratic accountability, or simply one of many optional tools in modern political communication.

Police in Guayaquil have arrested several suspected extortionists accused of demanding up to $5,000 from local shopkeepers in the Juan Montalvo area. Authorities said the group allegedly used threats and intimidation to pressure small business owners into paying. The operation forms part of broader efforts to tackle organised crime amid rising insecurity in Ecuador’s largest city. Officials highlighted the importance of reporting such crimes to dismantle criminal networks. The arrests come as extortion continues to affect commercial activity in key urban areas. Investigations remain ongoing to identify further suspects.

Police arrest alleged mafia leader controlling parts of Quito

Ecuadorian police have captured Eduardo Gómez, known as “Gordo Paúl”, an alleged senior figure in the Los Lobos drug trafficking group, during an operation in Quito carried out under a nationwide security crackdown. Authorities described him as one of the most dangerous criminals operating in the capital, with links to extortion, kidnapping and illegal mining activities. The arrest took place during a curfew imposed by President Daniel Noboa as part of efforts to curb organised crime. Officials said Gómez was detained alongside his partner, who is accused of handling logistics for the group. The operation forms part of a broader campaign targeting gangs connected to international cartels. Investigations are ongoing to dismantle the wider network.

Editorial calls for restoration of civic order in Guayaquil

An editorial published by El Universo has called for the recovery of civic standards and public order in Guayaquil, amid ongoing concerns over crime and governance. The piece argues that the city faces a deterioration in institutional authority and social coexistence. It urges both authorities and citizens to commit to rebuilding respect for rules and shared responsibility. The editorial highlights the impact of insecurity on daily life and economic stability. It also stresses the need for leadership capable of restoring confidence in public institutions. The commentary reflects wider debate about the city’s direction.

Judge rejects pre-trial detention in ‘Goleada’ case

A judge has denied a request for pre-trial detention against Guayaquil mayor Aquiles Alvarez and other defendants in the high-profile “Goleada” case, an investigation into alleged financial irregularities involving companies and possible money laundering. Prosecutors had sought preventive custody as part of the probe into suspected tax offences and illicit financial operations. However, the court ruled that such a measure was not justified at this stage. The case remains ongoing, with multiple individuals under investigation. The decision marks a significant development in one of Ecuador’s most closely watched legal proceedings. It also underscores ongoing tensions between judicial authorities and prosecutors.

Bodies discovered in Amazon region trigger investigation

Authorities in Ecuador have launched an investigation after several bodies were discovered in a rural parish in Orellana province, in the Amazon region. Initial reports indicate the victims were found in San Lorenzo, raising concerns over possible links to organised crime. Prosecutors and forensic teams have been deployed to determine the circumstances surrounding the deaths. Officials have not yet confirmed the identities of the victims or the cause of death. The discovery has heightened concerns about violence spreading beyond major urban centres. Investigations are continuing as authorities gather evidence.

Noboa highlighted that this addition is part of a broader security strategy involving international allies like the United States and the United Arab Emirates, aiming to restore safety and stability across the country.

Guyana is projected to remain the fastest-growing economy in the Americas in 2026, driven by its booming oil sector, while several of the region’s largest economies are expected to post far slower growth amid global uncertainty and domestic economic pressures.

According to the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook 2026 , Guyana’s economy is forecast to expand by an extraordinary 23% next year, extending one of the fastest sustained growth streaks in the world.

The South American nation has undergone a dramatic economic transformation since major offshore oil discoveries by a consortium led by ExxonMobil in 2015. Oil production has rapidly turned Guyana into one of the world’s newest energy exporters, reshaping public finances and infrastructure investment.

The Dominican Republic is forecast to record the second-fastest growth rate in the Americas at 4.5%, followed by Argentina and Panama at 4% each.

Argentina’s projected rebound comes after years of economic instability marked by inflation, currency depreciation and debt restructuring. The IMF has noted signs of stabilisation tied to fiscal tightening and economic reforms introduced by President Javier Milei’s administration.

Several Central American economies, including Paraguay, Guatemala, Honduras and Costa Rica, are also expected to outperform larger regional economies, supported by tourism, remittances and relatively resilient domestic demand.

By contrast, Venezuela is forecast to remain the region’s weakest-performing economy with GDP expected to contract by 3% in 2026. Haiti is projected to shrink by 1%, reflecting ongoing political instability, insecurity and humanitarian challenges.

Among the hemisphere’s largest economies, growth forecasts remain relatively subdued. The United States is expected to expand by 2.1%, while Brazil is projected to grow by 1.9%, according to IMF estimates.

Mexico and Canada are both forecast to grow by 1.5%, reflecting slowing industrial demand, tighter financial conditions and weaker global trade momentum.

The IMF has warned that high interest rates, geopolitical tensions and slowing global demand continue to weigh on economic activity worldwide, particularly for commodity exporters and heavily indebted economies.

However, this initial optimism quickly faded as political realities set in. In a system where elite actors have effectively taken control of the judiciary to protect the interests of an informal alliance of politicians, businesspeople, and bureaucrats—the so-called “ pacto de corruptos ”—the prospects for meaningful reform were always limited. Rather than referring to a single political bloc, the term describes a historically rooted, cross-sectoral system of elite clientelism, defined by its durability across successive governments and its core function: the reproduction of existing economic and political power structures while systematically evading accountability.

 This has also been documented by the Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) , which points to a steady decline in judicial independence, with a score of 2 out of 10 possible points. Similarly, the index finds that the separation of powers in the country is increasingly weak, with a score of 4, indicating that these institutional shortcomings predate the current government and continue to constrain it.

Institutional resistance and elite pushback

Despite the government’s commitment to exposing corruption within state institutions, the judicial system continues to be used as a political weapon . Prosecutors and judges are deployed to grant impunity to elites and restrict elected officials, including the president and his party.

Arévalo’s centre-left Movimiento Semilla has been a primary target of these efforts. Politically motivated actions by the Public Prosecutor’s Office , headed by Attorney General Consuelo Porras, have forced its elected representatives to operate as independents in Congress. This has prevented them from being recognised as a parliamentary bloc, from chairing committees, and from holding certain leadership positions, significantly weakening the government’s legislative capacity and further entrenching institutional paralysis.

Political deadlock and governance challenges

These pressures have been exacerbated by long-standing fragmentation within Congress and, more recently, within the ruling movement itself. In May 2025, a group of former Semilla members formed a splinter group known as “Raices.” While supporters described the move as a strategic repositioning ahead of the 2027 elections, critics see it as evidence of weak internal coordination and limited leadership capacity within the ruling camp.

The combined effect of judicial obstruction, legislative fragmentation, and internal divisions has produced sustained political deadlock. Key reform initiatives central to Arévalo’s agenda—particularly anti-corruption and institutional reform efforts—have either stalled in Congress or failed to advance beyond the proposal stage.

High levels of gang-related violence further complicate this picture, reinforcing perceptions of a state unable to deliver basic protection. In such a context, governance failures risk being interpreted not only as political setbacks, but as a broader inability to guarantee order and stability.

Public expectations and signs of eroding support

Public expectations following the 2023 election were exceptionally high—and Arévalo’s victory was largely driven by the mobilisation of indigenous communities and other social groups who viewed the election as a vote for democracy rather than a personal endorsement of the president . Yet many of these actors have since expressed disappointment , particularly over the government’s inability to remove the Attorney General—a central campaign promise that ultimately lacked sufficient congressional support.

The widening gap between expectations of rapid change and the reality of an executive constrained by hostile institutions has fueled frustration and declining confidence in democratic reform . This disillusionment carries broader implications for democratic legitimacy in Guatemala, where many citizens have already endured years of unfulfilled promises.

Near-term prospects and institutional turning points 

Looking ahead, the prospects for reform under Arévalo remain closely tied to a series of high-stakes institutional appointments currently underway. These processes—covering the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE), the Public Prosecutor’s Office, and other key oversight institutions—are widely seen as decisive for the future of democratic governance in Guatemala.

Recent developments, however, point to a constrained outlook . The newly appointed Constitutional Court for the 2026–2031 period appears to reflect significant continuity with existing power structures, raising doubts about its willingness to challenge entrenched interests. Similarly, the selection of TSE magistrates by an opposition-dominated Congress has sparked concerns about political capture, with potential implications for the credibility of the 2027 elections.

The process of appointing a new Attorney General remains uncertain and highly controversial. Given the critical role this position plays in prosecuting corruption and safeguarding judicial independence, the outcome of this selection will be decisive for any meaningful reform initiative.

In the short term, Arévalo’s room for manoeuvre remains limited. While incremental progress may be possible through public pressure or international support, the overall trajectory suggests continued institutional friction. 

Lessons from Guatemala’s impasse

Guatemala’s current stalemate underscores that reform failure is not merely a matter of leadership or political will. It is rooted in deep structural constraints, institutional capture, and entrenched elite resistance. For Arévalo, the challenge is not only to govern, but to do so within a system designed to block change.

The Guatemalan case offers democratic reformers across the region a sobering lesson: electoral victories alone are insufficient when institutions remain hostile to transformation. Without addressing these structural barriers, democratic reform risks giving way to renewed frustration and more radical alternatives.

The article solely represents the views of Emilia Arellano, a research fellow at the GIGA Institute for Latin American Studies. Her research focuses on the executive power, political institutions, and power relations. 

Under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, this shift is accompanied by a more confident political posture. The government has signalled willingness to challenge major powers, regulate global tech platforms and pursue strategic autonomy. At the same time, long-term investments in aerospace and defence—highlighted by the development of advanced fighter jets—underscore ambitions to strengthen hard power capabilities. Analysts such as Richard Heydarian, from Global South Voices, describe this approach as “progressive realism”, reflecting a broader trend among Global South nations aiming to balance cooperation with independence in an increasingly multipolar world .

The impact has extended far beyond the immediate spill. Coastal communities, particularly artisanal fishers, have faced lasting economic and social consequences as fishing activities were disrupted and biodiversity declined. Even years later, traces of contamination remain, raising ongoing concerns about environmental recovery, public health , and the effectiveness of accountability measures.

This story is part of Global South Voices, with footage and interviews captured by Eugenio Albrecht.

Petro also pushed for a coordinated strategy to dismantle criminal networks and highlighted energy transition as a pathway to reducing violence and fostering sustainable development. The visit signals a renewed effort to stabilise bilateral ties, revive trade and address long-standing security challenges affecting border communities.

Backed by international support, including Fred Sorrells, the programme is recruiting women nationwide and will host an intensive training camp with specialised coaches as it prepares for global competition.

China has voiced strong support for Panama’s sovereignty over the canal, framing its position as backing a “just struggle” by the Panamanian people . This comes amid renewed strategic interest in the canal, a key global trade route, where influence carries major economic and political weight.

At the same time, the United States is reportedly considering moves to counter China’s presence in the region, turning the canal once again into a focal point of great-power competition. The situation highlights how infrastructure in Latin America is increasingly tied to broader global rivalries.

Panama now finds itself navigating a delicate balance between competing powers. Its priority remains maintaining control and stability over the canal, while avoiding escalation in a dispute that reflects shifting dynamics in global geopolitics.

The United States has imposed sanctions on relatives of Daniel Ortega, targeting members of his inner circle over alleged involvement in opaque business dealings. Measures focus on restricting financial access and international operations linked to key economic sectors. Washington argues the measure is aimed at increasing pressure on the government without directly harming the wider population . Analysts say the sanctions reflect a broader strategy to weaken entrenched power structures surrounding the ruling family. The move comes amid continued international concern over governance and transparency in Nicaragua. It also signals ongoing tensions between Managua and Western governments.

Rights body demands end to violations and democratic restoration

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights has called on Nicaragua’s government to cease human rights violations and restore democratic institutions. In a recent statement, the body warned that serious abuses persist amid a prolonged political crisis. It highlighted ongoing concerns over arbitrary detentions and restrictions on civil liberties . The commission urged authorities to guarantee fundamental rights and reopen democratic space. Observers say the statement adds to mounting international pressure on Managua. The government has yet to signal any policy shift in response.

Nicaragua and Russia to test dengue vaccine

Nicaragua is preparing to collaborate with Russia on trials for a dengue vaccine, as part of efforts to tackle a growing public health challenge. Officials confirmed that preliminary steps are underway, although details about trial locations and timelines remain unclear. The initiative reflects closer bilateral ties between Managua and Moscow in recent years. Health experts note that dengue remains a major concern across tropical regions, increasing the importance of vaccine development. Authorities say the project could strengthen national healthcare capacity. However, further information is still pending as preparations continue.

Opposition calls for democratic transition

Opposition groups have issued a declaration calling for a democratic transition in Nicaragua, urging greater international involvement. The coalition argues that sustained pressure is needed to address what it describes as systemic repression. Leaders highlighted the need for free elections, institutional reform and the restoration of political freedoms. The announcement reflects continued mobilisation among opposition movements, many operating from exile. Analysts say unity among opposition factions remains a key challenge. The statement underscores ongoing political tensions within the country.

US sanctions interior ministry official

The United States has also sanctioned a senior official within Nicaragua’s interior ministry, intensifying pressure on the government. The measures target individuals accused of involvement in repression and abuses against political opponents. Washington has increasingly focused on specific figures linked to security and judicial structures. Officials said the sanctions aim to hold those responsible accountable while signalling support for democratic principles. The move forms part of a wider pattern of targeted measures against the Nicaraguan leadership. The government has rejected such actions as external interference.

Speaking at an official event, Rodríguez thanked the United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Qatar and the United States for supporting the process, and also acknowledged U.S. President Donald Trump and Secretary of State Marco Rubio, Viory reports. The reopening comes after relations with the IMF were effectively paused in 2019 amid disputes over international recognition of Venezuela’s government.

Rodríguez also enacted Venezuela’s new Organic Mining Law, saying it would help attract major domestic and foreign investment into the sector.

"This is good news for Venezuela, good news for our people . In national unity, we will continue paving the way so that, together, we can build a Venezuela free from sanctions, for the well-being and happiness of our people," she said.

According to recent reporting, the legislation replaces a nearly 30-year-old framework, allows multiple ownership structures including public, private and mixed companies, and offers broader legal guarantees and a more flexible tax regime for investors.

The mining reform forms part of a push by Caracas to open the sector to foreign capital as it looks for new revenue sources beyond oil.

The IMF estimates Asia’s nominal GDP at about $42.2 trillion , representing roughly 36% of global economic output. This places it ahead of North America, which contributes around $35.5 trillion, or 30%, and Europe at $29.6 trillion, or 25%.

The region’s leading position reflects the combined weight of major economies such as China, Japan and India, alongside fast-growing Southeast Asian markets. Over the past two decades, Asia has steadily increased its share of global GDP, driven by industrialisation, trade expansion and rising domestic consumption.

IMF data shows that emerging Asian economies continue to outpace global growth averages, reinforcing the region’s long-term economic influence.

Despite Asia’s lead, North America remains a dominant economic force, anchored by the United States, the world’s largest single economy. The region’s 30% share highlights its continued importance in global finance, technology and consumption.

Europe, with a 25% shar e, maintains a significant but comparatively smaller role. Its economy is spread across multiple advanced nations, including Germany, France and the United Kingdom, with growth shaped by both integration within the European Union and external trade.

Other regions account for much smaller portions of global output. South America contributes around $4.4 trillion, or 3.8%, while Africa’s total stands at approximately $3 trillion, or 2.6%.

Oceania, led by Australia and New Zealand , represents the smallest share among major regions, with about $2.1 trillion, or 1.8% of global GDP.

In one recent livestream shared by First Lady Rosângela “Janja” da Silva, Lula is seen finishing a 45-minute treadmill run before moving into squats, at one point with weights strapped to his ankles. A white towel draped around his neck, he cuts the figure of a veteran politician intent on demonstrating physical resilience.

But the routine goes beyond optics. Lula has repeatedly stressed the role of discipline in maintaining health, telling followers that while ageing is inevitable, physical decline is not. In social media posts accompanying the videos, he has linked regular exercise to longevity and quality of life, suggesting that consistent habits can extend one’s active years well into old age .

With a significantly younger rival expected to challenge him, Lula’s message is clear: endurance matters. And for a politician with decades in public life, staying in shape is not just about health—it is about proving he can go the distance once again.