"We are breaking the Iranian terror axis here, but we are also breaking the Iranian political axis. We managed to reach these understandings for a simple reason: because we hit Hezbollah hard. Hezbollah, which relied on assistance from Iran, did not receive that assistance because we hit Iran hard," he said.

The agreement, signed in Washington after five rounds of direct talks, outlines a phased process under which the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) will assume control of designated areas in southern Lebanon, replacing Hezbollah as Israeli troops withdraw in stages.

Netanyahu said Israel was not a party to the separate negotiations between the United States and Iran but stressed that Israeli security interests would remain a priority.

"From the start, we said we were not a party to the agreement between the United States and Iran, but that does not mean we do not have interests. We have interests, and we will make them clear. On the main issue, which is the nuclear issue, I intend to send a delegation to Washington to present Israel's interests. I insist on Israel's interests at our border. We will not leave the security zone," he said.

The deal places significant responsibility on the Lebanese government, which is expected to deploy additional troops to the south, dismantle Hezbollah's military infrastructure and prevent the group's return. The United States has pledged continued military assistance to the LAF.

“The agreement signed yesterday between the United States , Israel and Lebanon is a historic event and an important diplomatic and security achievement for the State of Israel,” Katz said.

He stated that Israel would maintain its military positions in southern Lebanon until Hezbollah is fully disarmed and security is guaranteed for communities in northern Israel.

“The key principle established by the agreement is that there will be no Israeli redeployment in southern Lebanon, no withdrawal whatsoever, for as long as the Hezbollah terrorist organisation has not been disarmed throughout Lebanon and the security of northern residents is guaranteed,” he said.

Katz also described the agreement as a setback for Iran , accusing Tehran of attempting to pressure both Israel and the United States into securing an Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon.

“Iran attempted to force Israel to withdraw from Lebanon through threats and pressure on the United States, and it failed. Lebanon's future will not be dictated by Iran and Hezbollah,” he said.

He warned that Israel would respond militarily if Iran sought to prevent the agreement from being implemented.

“Should Iran attempt to attack Israel in order to prevent the implementation of the agreement, we will respond with overwhelming force,” Katz added.

The agreement was signed in Washington on Friday and is intended to stabilise the Israel-Lebanon border following months of hostilities. Under the framework, Hezbollah is expected to be disarmed throughout Lebanon, while Israel says it will retain its security zone in southern Lebanon until those commitments are fulfilled and the safety of northern Israeli communities is assured.

Hezbollah leader Naim Qassem rejected the US-brokered agreement after it was announced, describing the 14-point proposal as “humiliating” and accusing the Lebanese government of “destroying” the country.

“Iran is trying to force us to withdraw by force from southern Lebanon, and basically Israel, Lebanon, and the United States are telling them, ‘It is none of your business .’ You have no role in Lebanon, neither you, nor Hezbollah, nor any terrorist organisation,” he said.

Netanyahu said the 14-point framework allows Israeli troops to remain in southern Lebanon for as long as Hezbollah remains armed and continues to pose a threat to Israel.

“We have been conducting negotiations in Washington between representatives of Israel, Lebanon, and the United States, a prolonged negotiation, and today it has borne fruit. The most important thing is, first of all, that Israel remains in the security zone in southern Lebanon. This is a great achievement,” he added.

Under the framework, the Lebanese Armed Forces are expected to “restore effective sovereignty over all Lebanese territory,” while non-state armed groups would be disarmed and their military infrastructure dismantled.

Netanyahu said the agreement would allow the Lebanese army to begin organising its deployment in selected areas.

“We are allowing the Lebanese army to begin organising to take up territory. We are establishing two pilot areas, both recommended by the IDF; one is completely outside the security zone and south of the Litani, and the other is north of the Litani,” he said.

The agreement was signed at the US State Department in Washington on Friday, following four days of talks mediated by the Trump administration. As part of the agreement, Washington pledged $100 million in humanitarian assistance, as well as more than $30 million in support for the Lebanese Armed Forces, Viory reports.

Speaking in a televised address on Wednesday, Qassem dismissed reports of proposed areas that would be placed under the exclusive control of the Lebanese Army and free of non-state armed groups.

"There will be no pilot zones. There are no safe zones for Israel, whether yellow, red, or green. Israel must leave, and it will leave," Qassem said.

His comments came days after the US State Department announced that Lebanon and Israel had agreed to implement a ceasefire arrangement that includes pilot zones in southern Lebanon.

Qassem also renewed Hezbollah's opposition to any proposal that would require the group to surrender its weapons.

Instead, he said efforts should focus on implementing the ceasefire agreement announced on November 27, 2024.

According to Qassem, the priorities are ending attacks by air, land and sea, securing Israel's withdrawal from all Lebanese territory, obtaining the release of prisoners, ensuring displaced Lebanese residents can return home and beginning reconstruction efforts.

He also thanked Iran for including Lebanon in its recent agreement with the United States and for what he described as helping bring an end to Israeli attacks.

On Monday, the United States and Iran announced an agreement aimed at ending the conflict. Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif later said Lebanon was included in the arrangement and that a formal signing ceremony is expected to take place in Geneva on June 19.

US President Donald Trump also confirmed that an agreement had been reached with Iran and announced the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz and the lifting of the naval blockade on Tehran.

Iran has said final negotiations will continue after agreed commitments are implemented.

Despite the ceasefire announcement, the Israeli military has repeatedly stated that it will continue operations against what it describes as Hezbollah threats in line with directives from Israel's political leadership.

Speaking on the sidelines of the G7 summit on Tuesday, Trump said: “I am not satisfied with the way Israel is dealing with Lebanon and Hezbollah.”

The current conflict began on February 28 following a joint US-Israeli military operation against Iran, leading to months of missile exchanges and increased regional tensions. A ceasefire was announced in April to allow diplomatic efforts to continue.

“The aggressive Zionist regime, by repeatedly violating the ceasefire and with the green light and support of the criminal United States and the silence of international bodies, has increased its wickedness against the oppressed people of Lebanon day by day, committing war crimes by using prohibited weapons, including phosphorus bombs,” Zolfaghari said.

He claimed that Iran had previously warned Israel against expanding its military campaign in Lebanon, particularly in Beirut’s southern suburbs.

“Despite previous warnings from the Islamic Republic of Iran, the child-killing Zionist regime, having crossed all red lines and increased its attacks in southern Lebanon, has targeted Beirut’s Dahiyeh. We had warned that if the crimes in Beirut’s Dahiyeh expand, we would attack targets within the occupied territories.”

Zolfaghari called on Israel to halt its military operations in southern Lebanon and Beirut’s Dahiyeh district.

“The Zionist army must stop its attacks on southern Lebanon and Dahiyeh.”

He also warned of further action if Israel expands its operations or responds to Iran’s recent attacks.

“Should it expand its attacks on that region or respond to Iran's action, it will face even more crushing and regrettable blows, and devastating attacks will be launched against the regime and its supporters.”

The statement comes amid escalating tensions following Israeli airstrikes in Beirut’s southern suburbs and Iranian missile launches toward Israeli territory. Both sides have exchanged threats as concerns grow over a wider regional conflict involving Israel, Iran and Hezbollah.

“There are two components here. One component is development and investment, and the second component is security, deterrence, and prevention,” he said. “We are very determined to carry this out.”

Netanyahu said the initiative was designed to ensure long-term stability and prosperity for northern communities while promoting coexistence among the region’s diverse populations.

“As we say to Jews, Druze, Circassians, and Muslims - we all live together in the same package, and I am committed to that,” he said.

The prime minister described the programme as a major milestone and expressed confidence that northern Israel would undergo a transformation similar to what he said had been achieved in the south.

The remarks come days after the Israeli government approved a 13 billion shekel ($4.5 billion) plan proposed by Netanyahu and Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich to strengthen towns near the Lebanese border.

The package includes the construction of 1,800 new public bomb shelters, subsidies for safe rooms in homes located within nine kilometres of the border, and a five-year development programme aimed at attracting 100,000 new residents.

Combined with previously approved funding, the total investment in the initiative is expected to reach 20 billion shekels ($6.9 billion).

Netanyahu called the announcement “a day of celebration” and thanked local leaders and government officials involved in advancing the project.

“There could be no situation where Hezbollah attacks our cities and citizens, and its terror headquarters in Beirut’s Dahieh remain off-limits,” Netanyahu said.

“In southern Lebanon, we are eliminating Hezbollah strongholds. Hezbollah is on the run. We are determined to restore security to the residents of the north, exactly as we did for the residents of the south,” he added.

The comments came after Netanyahu confirmed on Friday that Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) troops had crossed the Litani River, marking a deeper advance into Lebanon.

The military operations are taking place despite a ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon and ongoing US-mediated negotiations.

“The Beaufort is a dramatic step. It is a dramatic shift in the policy we are leading,” he said. “We have returned united, determined and stronger than ever.”

The remarks came after the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) launched extensive strikes on what it described as Hezbollah infrastructure in the Beaufort Ridge and Wadi al-Saluki areas. The military said one Israeli soldier was killed during the operation.

Netanyahu said he had instructed the military to expand its operations in Lebanon and confirmed that Israeli troops had crossed the Litani River.

“They seized commanding areas, they conquered the Beaufort Ridge, and now my directive is to deepen and expand our hold in places that were under Hezbollah's occupation,” he said.

The prime minister added that Israeli forces were operating simultaneously in Gaza, Syria and Lebanon, and claimed Israel had established a security zone beyond its borders.

“We will restore security to the residents of the north, just as we did for the residents of the south,” Netanyahu said. “It will take time, but we will complete the mission.”

Israel previously controlled Beaufort Castle from 1982 until its withdrawal from southern Lebanon in 2000 following the First Lebanon War.

The latest escalation follows Netanyahu’s announcement last week that he had ordered intensified strikes against Hezbollah and an expansion of ground operations aimed at securing what he described as strategic areas.

The fighting comes despite a ceasefire agreement between Israel and Lebanon first announced by U.S. President Donald Trump on April 15 and later extended several times following talks hosted by Washington.

Emergency workers and local residents were seen searching through debris after several buildings collapsed. Medical teams said eight people were killed and five others injured in Maarakeh.

In nearby Shernai, paramedics reported that 14 people, including two children , died after a residential structure collapsed during the strikes.

Residents described scenes of panic and confusion after the explosions.

“As soon as the explosion happened at four o'clock, I ran out of the house screaming. I couldn’t see anything because of the thick smoke, so I called out to my neighbours, but no one answered. I came here to be with my family and loved ones — I’ve lived with them all my life — but they were all killed,” resident Mona Maarakeh said.

Video from the area showed destroyed buildings, scattered belongings and rescue teams moving through damaged neighbourhoods.

The Israeli military said it carried out airstrikes on more than 150 locations in southern Lebanon and the Bekaa Valley. In a statement, the IDF described the sites as “Hezbollah-affiliated and terrorist targets in the Tyre and Nabatieh areas of southern Lebanon and the Bekaa Valley.”

The Lebanese Ministry of Health said on Wednesday that 3,269 people had been killed and 9,840 injured since fighting escalated on March 2.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced earlier this week that the military had been ordered to intensify operations against Hezbollah and expand ground activity inside Lebanon.

Reports also suggested Israel i forces had crossed beyond the so-called “yellow line” in southern Lebanon, an area Israel says is designed to prevent Hezbollah attacks near the border.

Israel has previously stated that it plans to establish a “buffer zone” extending from the border area to the Litani River inside Lebanese territory.

“I think my heart keeps breaking more and more for this country. You think this can be the worst thing ever after the explosion, for example, in 2020. And that was the biggest peacetime explosion that has ever happened in the world ,” she said.

She described the frustration many Lebanese feel over what she called negligence by political leaders and the absence of institutions capable of protecting civilians.

“Politicians are doing nothing about it, and no accountability and complete negligence. And now what you have is active oppression, like active violence happening from an oppressor who wants to take over the land. And we don’t have anyone who’s protecting us. There’s no official body that’s there to protect the Lebanese,” said the founder of the region's leading feminist storytelling platform, Womena. 

Building Womena through storytelling

Freiha is dedicated to amplifying women’s voices across the Middle East through Womena and her podcast “Sage Takes Time,” where conversations range from sexuality and psychology to environmental justice and identity.

According to her, the podcast’s success comes from presenting Arab women authentically rather than through stereotypes often portrayed globally.

“If I can showcase Arab women the way they really are, I don’t need to manufacture anything. People will connect with that. They’ll see the beauty, the wonder, the strength and the resilience that comes from Arab women,” she said, adding that Arab women themselves are the source of hope that inspires her work.

“Arab women are the ones who give all of us hope because they’re the most resilient. They are the strongest. They have had to endure, and they thrive regardless.”

Breaking taboos around sexuality

“Sex in the Middle East is very haram. You do have to address it in creative ways,” Freiha said, noting that some women featured on the podcast helped pioneer public conversations around sexual health in Arabic-speaking societies nearly a decade ago, even struggling to create accessible language for such discussions.

“The Arabic language struggles to find a middle place between talking about sex with very vulgar terms and very academic terms. We need to name them before we can start dismantling all the shame,” she explained.

Freiha stressed that the issue is not unique to Arab societies, arguing that women globally face barriers around sexual awareness and education .

Feminism is human rights and not "anti-men”

Freiha rejected portrayals of feminism as anti-men, describing it instead as a movement rooted in equality and human rights.

“Human rights is feminism. Patriarchy is a system. It doesn’t have a gender,” she said, arguing that both men and women suffer under patriarchal systems that impose harmful expectations and unequal access to opportunities.

“People are pretending like these are men versus women, but we all suffer under patriarchy. Feminism advocates for equality for everyone,” she added.

Challenging stereotypes about Arab women

Freiha challenged common stereotypes about Arab women, saying Western perceptions often fail to capture the diversity and complexity of women across the region.

“When I say Arab woman, there is an image that’s in your mind. Most people, the image that is in their mind is wrong,” she said.

She described Arab women as diverse in religion, appearance, identity and lifestyle, while urging audiences to move beyond simplistic narratives.

“They are just as complicated as you. So get to know your local Arab woman,” she said. 

Watch the full interview attached to this story.

Lebanon’s Ministry of Health said Israeli attacks on Habbouch and Al-Zarariyeh killed eight people , including a child and two women, and wounded 21 others.

The Israeli army had earlier issued evacuation warnings to residents of several towns and villages in southern Lebanon, including Habbouch. It later said it had carried out strikes on Hezbollah targets in the south, claiming to have killed fighters and destroyed about 50 Hezbollah-linked infrastructure sites.

The Lebanese Health Ministry said the death toll from Israeli military operations since March 2 had reached 2,618 by May 1, with 8,094 people injured.

The strikes come despite a U.S.-announced ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon that took effect on April 17 and was later extended by three weeks. Both Israel and Hezbollah have continued to accuse each other of violating the truce.

Israel has also maintained what it calls a “yellow line” in southern Lebanon, a buffer zone where residents have been warned not to return. The Israeli military says its presence is aimed at countering Hezbollah activity, while Lebanese residents and officials have accused Israel of preventing displaced civilians from going back to their homes.

“We worked shoulder to shoulder alongside the IDF, [...] exerting influence based on relative advantages and a true partnership in striking targets in the heart of Tehran, thwarting senior officials [and] achieving air superiority,” he said.

Barnea said the agency’s activities this year in Lebanon and Iran “broke boundaries” and extended its operational reach.

“We obtained strategic and tactical intelligence at the core of the enemy's secrets. We demonstrated new and groundbreaking operational capabilities in the target countries,” he asserted.

He added that the operations have “strengthened” Israel’s position and emphasised continued readiness and intelligence efforts.

“We are committed to operational intelligence audacity and we are committed to the principle of action. We will not rest on our laurels when facing a threat. We will act with full force,” he said.

Netanyahu also warned that Israel would continue operations against threats from Lebanon. “We maintain full freedom of action against any threat. Even emerging threats,” he said, adding that Israel was determined to restore security for residents in the north.

His remarks come as a fragile U.S.-Iran ceasefire remains under strain, following weeks of fighting and disruptions around the Strait of Hormuz. Talks held in Islamabad earlier this month failed to produce a breakthrough.

In Lebanon, cross-border fire between Israel and Hezbollah has continued despite calls for de-escalation. Lebanese officials have accused Israel of violating sovereignty through air strikes and incursions, while Israel says its operations are aimed at pushing Hezbollah away from the border.

“We remain in Lebanon,” he said. “This is a security belt that stretches from the sea, continues to Mount Dov and the approaches to Mount Hermon, all the way to the Syrian border.”

Netanyahu said the zone differs from Israel’s more limited presence before the military campaign known as Operation Lion's Roar.

The Israeli leader also said he had rejected two ceasefire conditions proposed by Hezbollah: a full Israeli withdrawal to the international border and a “quiet for quiet” arrangement.

Ghada said the twins were born 17 years after her older children . The family had already been displaced once during the conflict in November 2023 but returned home in March 2025, hoping the situation had stabilised.

Their hopes were short-lived when violence resumed about a year later, forcing them to evacuate again.

Lebanese officials have signalled openness to a pause in military activity—if not a full ceasefire—ahead of planned talks with Israel. The initiative reflects growing pressure to contain escalating violence along the border, as diplomatic efforts intensify. Authorities stressed that halting hostilities could create conditions for meaningful negotiations, although divisions remain internally over how to approach Israel. The talks are seen as a rare opportunity to de-escalate a conflict that has rapidly worsened in recent weeks. However, the absence of consensus within Lebanon complicates the government’s position. The outcome will likely depend on both regional dynamics and international mediation efforts.

Marco Rubio to join historic Lebanon–Israel talks

Senior US officials, including Marco Rubio, are set to participate in high-level talks between Lebanon and Israel in Washington. The meeting marks the first direct engagement between the two sides in decades, underscoring the urgency of the crisis. According to reports, discussions will focus on securing a ceasefire and addressing broader security concerns, particularly the role of armed groups. Washington’s involvement highlights the international dimension of the conflict and efforts to broker stability. However, expectations remain cautious given entrenched positions on both sides. The talks come amid ongoing violence and humanitarian concerns.

Government bans non-state weapons in Beirut

The Lebanese government has moved to ban the presence of non-state weapons in Beirut, reinforcing its authority over security matters. The decision forms part of broader efforts to assert state control and limit the influence of armed groups such as Hezbollah. Officials emphasised that all military activity must fall under state institutions, signalling a significant policy shift. The measure follows escalating tensions and internal criticism over the role of militias in dragging Lebanon into conflict. Analysts warn that enforcing the ban could prove challenging given Hezbollah’s entrenched position. Nonetheless, the move reflects increasing pressure for centralised control

Civilian toll mounts as Israeli airstrikes continue

The number of casualties in Lebanon has surpassed 1,900 as Israeli airstrikes continue across the country, according to media reports. The bombardment has caused widespread destruction in urban and rural areas, displacing large numbers of civilians. Hospitals and emergency services are under severe strain as they respond to the growing humanitarian crisis. The escalation follows renewed hostilities linked to the broader regional conflict involving Iran and allied groups. International actors have raised concerns over the scale of the violence and its impact on civilians. Despite diplomatic efforts, there are few signs of an immediate de-escalation.

Hezbollah tensions rise amid protests and army warnings

Tensions within Lebanon are intensifying as Hezbollah faces growing opposition and protests. Demonstrations have erupted against the group’s actions, which many blame for drawing the country deeper into conflict. In response, the Lebanese army has warned it may intervene firmly to maintain order and uphold state authority. The standoff highlights deep divisions within Lebanese society over Hezbollah’s role and influence. Political leaders are increasingly under pressure to balance internal stability with external threats. The situation remains volatile as both political and security tensions continue to escalate.

He added: “There is more to do, and we are doing it… we have effectively changed the face of the Middle East . Our enemies, Iran and the axis of evil, came to destroy us, and now they are simply fighting for their survival.”

Netanyahu was accompanied by Defence Minister Israel Katz, Israel Defence Forces Chief of Staff Eyal Zamir, and Northern Command head Major General Rafi Milo, according to reports.

The remarks come as the Lebanese presidency confirmed direct talks with Israel will begin on Tuesday at the US State Department in Washington, even as Israeli airstrikes continue despite a ceasefire agreed last week between the United States , Israel and Iran’s allies.

Lebanese President Joseph Aoun is pressing for an immediate and stable ceasefire amid a worsening humanitarian situation, while Israel is expected to demand the full disarmament of Hezbollah and tighter border security.

Separately, US Vice President JD Vance held 21 hours of talks with Iran ian officials in Islamabad, which ended on Sunday without agreement. Vance said the outcome was “bad news for Iran, much more than it's bad news for the United States."

According to Netanyahu, the talks would focus on the disarmament of Hezbollah and the possibility of reaching what he described as a “sustainable, historic” peace agreement between the two countries.

"The ceasefire between the US and Iran offers an opportunity to prevent further loss of lives between Lebanon and Israel. We urge all concerned to abide by the ceasefire. Now is the time to pursue talks to resolve outstanding differences and work towards a permanent ceasefire and a long-term solution to the conflict," Haq said.

He also added that UN peacekeepers in southern Lebanon continued to be affected by the violence . It said six UNIFIL personnel were injured on Thursday after rocket and artillery fire near Atteri in Sector West, with one suffering a shrapnel wound and five others affected by acoustic trauma. UN vehicles were also damaged.

Separately, the UN said Israeli forces briefly detained a UNIFIL peacekeeper after blocking a logistics convoy, before releasing the person less than an hour later following direct intervention by mission officials. The organisation said the detention violated international law and called for an immediate end to any intimidation or interference with its peacekeeping operations.

Demographic estimates show that Muslims make up roughly 59% of Lebanon’s population, Christians around 34%, Druze about 5%, and Alawites approximately 1%, with small numbers belonging to other groups.

Sunni and Shia Muslim communities dominate much of the south, the Bekaa Valley, and parts of the north. Christian populations remain concentrated in Mount Lebanon, parts of Beirut, and the north-central regions. Druze communities are largely clustered in the Chouf Mountains and surrounding areas, while Alawites are concentrated near Tripoli in the north.

This religious geography is inseparable from Lebanon’s confessional political system, established under the National Pact of 1943, an unwritten agreement that shaped the post-independence state. The pact formalised power-sharing among religious groups based on demographic realities at the time, granting Christians a leading political role while recognising Muslim participation in governance.

After 15 years of civil war , the system was recalibrated by the Taif Agreement of 1989–1990, which shifted greater executive power to the Council of Ministers and introduced parity between Christian and Muslim representation in parliament.

Under the current framework, the country’s top offices remain allocated by religious affiliation : the president must be a Maronite Christian, the prime minister a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of parliament a Shia Muslim.

Parliamentary seats and senior public-sector positions are also divided along sectarian lines. While this structure was intended to guarantee inclusion and stability, critics argue it has institutionalised patronage networks, weakened state accountability, and made reform exceptionally difficult.

What the above map makes clear is why this system endures despite widespread frustration. Lebanon’s religious communities are not confined to isolated enclaves; they overlap in cities, towns, and strategic regions.

Any attempt to alter the balance of power risks being interpreted as a zero-sum game for one group and a loss for another. In a country still shaped by memories of civil war and ongoing regional tensions, even modest political shifts can quickly become destabilising.

As Lebanon struggles with economic collapse , political paralysis, and spillover from regional conflicts, its religious map remains a critical lens for understanding both the country’s fragility and its resilience. The same diversity that complicates governance has also sustained Lebanon’s pluralistic identity for decades, making it a rare, if imperfect, experiment in coexistence in a deeply divided region.

“For a small country like Lebanon, that’s really, really significant,” one aide stated.

The U.S. remains one of Lebanon’s main international backers, aiming to bolster its official security institutions in the fight against terrorism and reduce Hezbollah’s sway.

President Joseph Aoun pressed for more support in talks with U.S. Central Command Chief Adm. Brad Cooper during the UN General Assembly last week, emphasising the need to extend state authority nationwide.

The funding announcement came as Hezbollah openly defied a government ban on public commemorations of its slain leader Hassan Nasrallah, projecting his image onto Beirut’s Raouche landmark. The move highlighted the state’s limited capacity to enforce its decisions, a concern raised by Arab and Western diplomats.

The Pentagon has said the latest package will help the LAF implement last year’s ceasefire with Israel and counter Iranian-backed groups.

According to data from the Pew Research Centre , the percentage of Christians varies widely by country, from a tiny fraction in places like Iran (0.2%) and Yemen (0.2%) to large communities in Lebanon (31%) and Cyprus (78%).

Where Christians live in the Middle East

By contrast, Turkey (0.5%), Iraq (0.8%), Iran (0.2%), and the Palestinian territories (1%) have only small Christian populations today, a steep decline from the early centuries of Christianity.

Historical shifts and decline

Christianity’s presence in the Middle East has been shrinking for decades due to migration, conflict, and discrimination. Civil wars in Iraq and Syria forced millions of Christians to flee. In countries like Egypt , many Copts face social and political pressures that drive emigration.

According to Open Doors International , persecution remains a major concern. Churches in several countries face restrictions, and open expression of faith is often limited.

Interestingly, the Gulf states show higher percentages of Christians, but most are not indigenous communities. Migrants from the Philippines, India , and Africa form the backbone of Christian populations in places like Qatar, Bahrain, and the UAE.

“This man wants the weapons handed over to Israel,” Qassem said, in reference to Barrack. “Anyone calling today for the surrender of weapons, whether internally or externally, on the Arab or the international stage, is serving the Israeli project.”

The comments come amid renewed U.S. efforts to push for Hezbollah’s disarmament, a longstanding point of tension between Washington and the Iran-backed group. In recent months, American officials have increased pressure on Lebanese authorities, warning that continued Hezbollah armament poses a threat to regional stability and undermines state sovereignty.

Qassem also appeared in Tehran a day earlier, on July 29, where he met with Iran ’s newly inaugurated president.

The U.S. has designated Hezbollah a terrorist organisation, while Hezbollah insists its weapons are necessary for defending Lebanon against Israeli aggression.

The figures, visualised by World Visualized, show that nearly 50 countries support the UN peacekeeping mission, but a handful provide the lion’s share of boots on the ground. UNIFIL has played a key role in monitoring the ceasefire line (Blue Line) between Israel and Lebanon since its mandate was expanded in 2006 following the Israel–Hezbollah war.

The top 10 contributors to the UNIFIL peacekeeping mission are:

Indonesia - 1,255 peacekeepers

Italy - 1,098

India - 902

Ghana - 878

Nepal - 876

Malaysia - 831

France - 749

Spain - 690

China - 484

Ireland - 335

These nations collectively represent the core of UNIFIL’s personnel, tasked with de-escalation, patrolling the border, and supporting the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) in maintaining peace and humanitarian access.

Indonesia’s significant troop contribution reflects its longstanding commitment to global peacekeeping. The country has been active in various UN missions and views participation in UNIFIL as part of its broader strategy to promote international peace and security.

Aoun called the regional climate “delicate” and emphasised that Lebanon’s focus must remain on stability and economic recovery after years of financial collapse and war-related destruction.

Prime Minister Nawaf Salam echoed the sentiment, condemning Israel’s recent strikes on Iranian targets but warning that the fallout could destabilise not only the Middle East but global peace .

He reiterated Lebanon’s position to “prevent being dragged into a regional war,” particularly to avoid jeopardising efforts to rebuild the south and restore state authority.

The concern stems from fears that Iran-backed groups operating in Lebanon, primarily Hezbollah and Hamas, could retaliate on Iran’s behalf. Both groups have fired rockets into Israel from Lebanese territory during the Gaza war, prompting Israeli reprisals.

Israel’s surprise airstrikes on Friday, June 13, marked the most intense escalation yet in its decades-long conflict with Iran.

Over three days, Israel bombed more than 100 high-value sites across Iran, including missile bases, nuclear facilities, and military command centres, killing senior commanders and at least six nuclear scientists.

The strikes continued through the weekend, claiming control of the airspace over Tehran and hitting over 80 additional targets, including the defence ministry, missile launchers and civilian areas, killing at least 244 people, according to The Guardian .

Iran responded with missile barrages on Israeli cities, killing at least 14 and injuring nearly 400. Missiles hit Tel Aviv, Haifa, and other areas, including a deadly strike in Bat Yam.

Iran warned Western powers, especially the U.S., U.K., and France, not to intervene militarily or face retaliation.

Such attacks "play into the hands of Hezbollah," Macron said after a meeting with new Lebanese President Joseph Aoun, and following Lebanese official media reports of an air strike on south Beirut, the first such raid since a November ceasefire largely halted hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah.

On Monday, January 20, Kuwait dispatched its eighth aid plane to Syria, delivering 10 tonnes of food and essential supplies to help Syrians endure the harsh winter. According to Arab News , this effort is part of the "Kuwait Is By Your Side" campaign, initiated by the Al-Salam Association charity in collaboration with the ministries of Social Affairs, Foreign Affairs, and Defense. The aircraft, which landed at Damascus International Airport, carried food aid and winter supplies, including blankets and heavy clothing.

Light Commercial Vehicle Modifiers Market is expected to reach US$ 184.64 m by 2032

Moving on to economic developments, the Kuwait light commercial vehicle (LCV) modifiers market is projected to reach approximately US$ 184.64 million by 2032, showing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.27%. This growth is largely driven by a significant demand for vehicle customization, alongside the expansion of logistics and e-commerce sectors, technological advancements, and progressive government initiatives promoting eco-friendly vehicles,  OpenPR  reports.

Residency law violations

In regulatory news, the Ministry of Interior (MOI) in Kuwait has enacted new measures concerning residency law violations. These regulations entail various fines for non-compliance, particularly concerning the reporting of newborns, securing residency permits, and adherence to visa stipulations.  Deloitte  has advised strict compliance with these regulations to avoid significant financial penalties, suggesting that timely actions regarding residency permits are paramount.

800m barrel offshore oil discovery

In a major announcement, the Kuwait Oil Company disclosed the discovery of 800 million barrels of medium-density oil offshore, which could potentially enhance Kuwait's energy sector stability and economic prospects, according to Quantum Commodity Intelligence .

Kuwait set to stage a strong rebound

Finally, Kuwait is on the brink of a robust economic rebound, shifting from a resource-based economy to a knowledge-driven one as part of its long-term development strategy. The forecast indicates significant GDP growth of 3.3% this year, following a 2.7% contraction in 2024. This anticipated growth is underpinned by rising oil output and infrastructural enhancements, with key sectors such as energy, tourism, and infrastructure expected to drive future economic expansion. Projections for 2025 estimate a GDP per capita of $33,238 and central bank reserves amounting to $54.4 billion, signalling a positive trajectory for the nation’s economy, Khaleej Times reports.

Officials, including Refugees and Returnees Service Director General Teyiba Hassen and representatives from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, welcomed them home.

Teyiba said the Ethiopian government is working to bring back citizens living in tough conditions in other countries.

"We will continue helping more Ethiopians return home," she told local reporters .

Siraj Rashid, the Ministry’s Director General for Consular Affairs, said this is part of an ongoing effort. He mentioned that 700 citizens had already been repatriated recently due to the situation in Beirut.

Ethiopia’s efforts to help its citizens abroad are being carried out in collaboration with various organisations.

On January 9, 2025, the Lebanese parliament elected General Joseph Aoun, the head of the army, as the country's 14th president. This election is seen as a significant step towards stabilising the nation, which has been grappling with economic and political crises.

General Aoun's election is notable for several reasons. Firstly, he is the first president since the 1990s not to be pre-approved by Tehran and Damascus, signalling a shift in Lebanon's political landscape and a weakening of Hezbollah's influence.

Secondly, his presidency is expected to focus on regaining the state's monopoly on the use of force and pursuing accountability and reforms.

His presidency has also been widely welcomed, ending a more than two-year vacancy that left the nation in a state of uncertainty.

Saudi Arabia has launched the second phase of its air bridge to Lebanon, aimed at providing humanitarian aid to those displaced by Israeli strikes. The initiative, directed by King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, involves sending 27 planes with essential supplies including food, shelter materials, medical aid, and winter supplies. As reported by Arab News , this mission was coordinated with Lebanese authorities and will assist over 1.6 million people, focusing on various health and shelter projects in collaboration with international and local organisations. Key support includes enhancing medical facilities and increasing bakery production in areas with many displaced individuals.

Nokia launches NextGen Lab in Riyadh

Nokia has opened a 'NextGen Lab' in Riyadh to support Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 digital transformation goals. Located in the Laysen Valley tech district, the Lab provides an interactive space for businesses to explore advanced mobile network technologies such as Open RAN and 5G. It aims to accelerate the adoption of flexible, interoperable networks and develop smart city applications that promote operational efficiency and security. Zawya reports that the Lab also focuses on environmentally friendly technology to support Saudi Arabia's sustainability targets. Open to partners across the Middle East and Africa, the initiative underscores Nokia's commitment to contributing to the region's digital growth.

Indian man on drug charges handed death penalty

A court in Saudi Arabia sentenced Zaid Junaid, a 35-year-old man from Meerut, India, to death for drug trafficking, causing distress among his family. The Indian consulate confirmed Zaid's conviction, and his family is considering a mercy plea. Zaid, who moved to Saudi Arabia in 2018 to work as a driver, was arrested in January 2023 after police allegedly found 700 grams of narcotics in his vehicle. His family believes he has been wrongfully accused and is seeking intervention from the Indian government for his release, DH reports.

Air France-KLM to expand footprint in Saudi Arabia

Air France-KLM is expanding its presence in Saudi Arabia by launching a new service between Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Riyadh in the summer of 2025, following an agreement with the Saudi Air Connectivity Program. This initiative will enhance connectivity as all three airlines in the group (Air France, KLM, and Transavia) will operate in the Kingdom. According to the Middle East Economy , The Saudi Air Connectivity Programme aims to boost tourism through improved air travel options. Additionally, Air France-KLM and Saudi Arabia's national carrier, Saudia, signed a strategic memorandum to enhance cooperation in passenger transport and aircraft maintenance, expanding codeshare agreements and improving customer experience.

First sustainable aviation fuels plant

Aramco, TotalEnergies, and the Saudi Investment Recycling Company (SIRC) are partnering to assess the development of Saudi Arabia's first sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) plant in the Eastern Province. This initiative aims to utilise local waste, such as used cooking oils and animal fats, to produce SAF, supporting Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 and Green Initiative by promoting sustainability and emissions reduction in the aviation sector. The collaboration aims to address the growing demand for air travel while contributing to the circular economy and advancing low-carbon solutions in aviation, reports ESG News .

"I rejoice at the ceasefire that has been reached in recent days in Lebanon and I hope that it can be respected by all parties," he said. "In this situation, I address an urgent invitation to all Lebanese politicians so that a President of the Republic may be elected immediately and the institutions may return to their normal functioning to proceed with the necessary reforms and assure the country of the role of the example of peaceful coexistence between the different religions."

Lebanon has been without a president since Michel Aoun's term ended in October 2022. The prolonged leadership vacuum has hindered the country's ability to address pressing issues and implement reforms.

The Pope's call comes at a time when the country is navigating a fragile ceasefire, and the election of a president is seen as a pivotal move to stabilise the nation.

Lebanese parliamentary speaker Nabih Berri, however, has scheduled a presidential election for January 9, 2025, to end the two-year leadership void.

The election is expected to be a crucial step towards re-establishing normal governmental functions and ensuring Lebanon's role as a model of peaceful coexistence among different religious communities.

"We are returning to these heroic suburbs, the suburb of (slain Hezbollah leader) Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah... We returned thanks to them," said engineer Nizam Hamade, speaking to AFP as he made his way back to his home.

The ceasefire , brokered with US involvement, outlines a 60-day timeline for Israeli forces to withdraw from Lebanon. As part of the agreement, the Lebanese army will assume control of territories in the country's south to prevent Hezbollah from rebuilding its military capabilities, according to US President Joe Biden.

Hezbollah marked the occasion by organising press tours across its strongholds in south Beirut, as well as southern and eastern Lebanon.

The conflict escalated dramatically on September 23, when Israel intensified its bombing campaign on Hezbollah strongholds following nearly a year of intermittent cross-border fire tied to the Gaza war. Ground troops soon crossed into southern Lebanon, compounding the devastation.

The turning point came on September 27, when a large-scale Israeli airstrike killed Hezbollah's charismatic leader, Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, in south Beirut.

According to Lebanon's health ministry, the war has claimed more than 3,800 lives in the country since October 2023, with the majority of deaths occurring since September.

Borrell made the remarks on Sunday, November 24 during a visit to Beirut, expressing deep concern over Lebanon’s fragile state following months of conflict.

Borrell, who had visited Lebanon earlier in September to prevent further escalation, highlighted the severe toll the ongoing clashes have had on the country. "Back in September, I came with the hope that we could prevent a full-fledged war with Israel attacking Lebanon. Two months later, Lebanon is on the brink of collapse," the AFP quoted Borrell.

Lebanon, once a relatively peaceful country, has seen its infrastructure, including vital hospitals and water supplies, severely damaged by the recent conflict.

As the situation worsens, the international community, including the EU, has expressed increasing concern about Lebanon's future, urging all parties involved to seek a ceasefire and de-escalate tensions.

"We support and stand by any decision made by the Lebanese resistance [Hezbollah] or the Lebanese government," Larijani was quoted by the AFP.

"Hezbollah is a solid and rational movement, and the Lebanese are great people. Hezbollah [leaders] know how to act. As we have stated, we will support the resistance in all circumstances," he added.

"We are ready to end the war in Gaza, but we will be able to do that when our objectives are achieved," Saar said in an AFP footage.

In addition to this revelation, Saar noted that it is so unfair that Israel is not allowed to fully exercise its rights of self-defence, citing legal proceedings at the International Criminal Court (ICC) and International Court of Justice (ICJ).

"This country (Israel) is attacked with an effort to deny its right to self-defence. I see the proceedings in the international legal forums, in the Hague, the ICC and the ICJ, as a part of this effort to deny Israel's right to self-defence," he explained.

However, in the case of a Lebanon ceasefire, the official hinted at "certain progress" in ensuring one with the United States of America.

"We are working with the Americans on the issue," Saar said in response to a question about a possible ceasefire in Lebanon.

The operation, which escalated tensions with Hezbollah, has prompted calls from the international community for a de-escalation. While Saar did not provide further specifics, his comments indicated that diplomatic channels are being pursued to halt the violence.

"We are working with the Americans on the issue," AFP quoted Saar.

Recent diplomatic efforts have been underscored by Syria and Belarus, as they seek to strengthen their parliamentary ties. Key discussions between Syrian Foreign Minister Bassam Sabbagh and Belarusian Parliamentary Chairman Natalia Kochanova revolve around the importance of parliamentary diplomacy. As reported by SANA , they highlighted a robust partnership in addressing mutual challenges like external interference and unilateral sanctions, showcasing a commitment to broader collaboration across political, economic, and humanitarian sectors.

Issues of border crossings

The strategic importance of the over 130 land border crossings between Syria and Lebanon has been brought to light. Primarily serving Hezbollah's operational needs and smuggling activities, these crossings include six official outlets. However, numerous unauthorised crossings operate beyond regulatory oversight, particularly in the Bekaa Valley. Recent Israeli military actions have focused on curtailing arms smuggling through targeted operations at various crossings, notably Al-Masnaa, Jusiyah, and Matraba. The necessity for disrupting the Iranian arms corridor and ensuring international supervision has become apparent, with Syrian military security and Hezbollah's Unit 4400 collaborating closely on smuggling activities, Alma reports.

Human rights abuse

On the humanitarian front, a warning from Human Rights Watch indicates the peril faced by Syrians returning from Lebanon amid the escalating Israel-Hezbollah conflict. Since late September, over half a million people have crossed back into Syria, accompanied by reports of arbitrary detention and abuse upon return, exacerbating the already dire situation for many refugees. The sole operational border crossing has been compromised by Israeli airstrikes, further complicating escape routes and safety measures for returnees, reports Khaleej Times .

US Sanctions

Syria's UN Ambassador Qusay Al-Dahhak has called for an urgent lifting of coercive economic measures imposed by the U.S. and EU on multiple nations, including Syria and Cuba. Stating these measures as violations of international law, Al-Dahhak reaffirmed Syria's support for Cuba against the U.S. blockade and reiterated the nation's commitment to UN resolutions advocating for the cessation of such sanctions, reports SANA .

US airstrikes kill ISIS operatives

U.S. airstrikes targeting ISIS camps in Syria have reportedly resulted in the deaths of up to 35 ISIS operatives, according to U.S. Central Command. CBS News highlights that this action follows joint operations with Iraqi forces against the Islamic State, which, although still posing a threat, is deemed less powerful than in previous years. CENTCOM asserted that the strikes aim to disrupt ISIS's capabilities in planning attacks, with assurances of no civilian casualties reported during these operations.

Since the hostilities in Lebanon intensified, over 19,200 Lebanese refugees have arrived in Iraq, according to the UN refugee agency UNHCR.

The Iraqi government , alongside Shiite religious authorities and the Hashed al-Shaabi—an alliance of pro-Iran former paramilitary groups—quickly mobilized to assist the influx of refugees, providing support and accommodation.

Originally from southern Lebanon, Fawaz described his journey as a series of displacements, having moved from his hometown to Beirut and finally to the capital's outskirts.

In Iraq, Fawaz has been met with generosity and hospitality. "Iraq's government treats us like invited guests, not refugees," he expressed, grateful for the warm welcome extended by local residents.

The solidarity between the Shiite communities of Lebanon and Iraq has been evident, especially as Iraq offers a haven amidst the ongoing Israeli bombardment of Hezbollah positions in Lebanon.

The UN reports that the war in Lebanon has displaced at least 1.3 million people , with over half a million seeking refuge in Syria. Those who remain in Lebanon often find themselves in makeshift shelters, leading many to perceive the influx of Lebanese refugees with suspicion.

However, Iraq has eased entry by extending visas and providing new travel documents for those without passports, and the UNHCR notes that 62 per cent of the arrivals are women and children , many of whom will be able to attend local schools.

In the cities of Najaf and Karbala, where many Lebanese have settled, local authorities have repurposed hotels initially reserved for pilgrims to accommodate the new arrivals. Jalal Assi, who recently moved to Karbala, expressed his hope for improved security in Lebanon so that families could return home.

The director confirmed that the Rafic Hariri facility, the largest public hospital in Lebanon, sustained minor damage, with shattered windows and destroyed solar panels.

Nearby, four buildings were reportedly flattened, and rescuers continued to search for survivors on Tuesday, October 22 raising fears that the death toll could increase. An AFP correspondent at the scene reported hearing a cell phone ringing beneath the rubble.

Resident Ola Eid described the horror from her balcony, recalling how she watched the bombing unfold. "The children were playing in the courtyard... Before they could even catch the candy I tossed them, the first strike hit, then a second. I saw the children ripped apart," she said.

The strikes targeted Beirut's southern suburbs following evacuation warnings, marking the first hit on the Ouzai neighbourhood during the ongoing conflict . The area around Rafic Hariri Hospital, which has seen an influx of displaced individuals, did not receive an evacuation warning.

Nearly a month into the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, at least 1,489 people in Lebanon have died, according to an AFP tally, with over a million others displaced.

Israel conducted airstrikes on Hezbollah's stronghold in south Beirut and the city of Nabatiyeh in southern Lebanon, resulting in six deaths and 43 injuries, as reported by the AFP.

The strikes targeted municipal buildings and were condemned by Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati. In response, Hezbollah attacked an Israeli tank near the border.

The conflict, which began in October last year, has intensified, with Israel aiming to create a buffer zone free of Hezbollah fighters.

The war has displaced 690,000 people in Lebanon and caused significant casualties on both sides. Despite calls for a ceasefire, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu remains opposed.

"We are fully prepared for a war situation. We are not afraid of war, but we do not want war, we want peace and we will work for a just peace in Gaza and Lebanon," he said.

China has allocated 200 billion yuan ($28 billion) for local government investments in 2023 to meet its economic growth targets, announced by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). Despite this support, investors were disappointed by the modest size of the stimulus package, as many had expected more substantial measures amid ongoing economic challenges, such as weak spending and high youth unemployment. CNN explained the government will provide 100 billion yuan from the central budget and 100 billion yuan for projects to aid local governments struggling with debt.

Economic growth

China's economic planner, Zheng Shanjie, expressed confidence in achieving 2024 economic goals despite facing complex internal and external challenges. The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) plans to bring forward $14.12 billion from the 2025 budget to support local projects amid increasing downward pressure on the economy. According to VOA News , recent stimulus measures have boosted stock market sentiment, although concerns remain about consumer and business confidence, particularly in the struggling housing market. Zheng noted that policymakers will focus on enhancing livelihoods and stimulating domestic demand.

Metal stocks

Metal stocks in India declined sharply , with the Nifty Metal index falling 3.15% to its lowest level since September 24, primarily due to China's lack of new stimulus measures. The National Development and Reform Commission's briefing disappointed analysts expecting substantial fiscal support, instead announcing only a modest CNY 100 billion investment plan. This led to a drop in copper prices, which fell to a two-week low.

Emergency medical supplies to Lebanon

China's aid agency announced it will provide emergency medical supplies to Lebanon in response to the escalating conflict with Israel and Hezbollah. The aid, requested by the Lebanese government, aims to assist with the humanitarian crisis as airstrikes have resulted in numerous casualties. Recently, the Israeli military reported killing Suhail Hussein Husseini, a key Hezbollah logistics commander, raising tensions further amid ongoing strikes between the two sides.

Provisional tariffs on EU brandies

China has imposed provisional tariffs of 30.6% to 39% on European brandies, including Remy Martin and Hennessy, following the EU's approval of duties on Chinese electric vehicles (EVs). The Hindustan Times explained that this retaliatory move aims to bolster China's negotiating position in upcoming talks with the EU regarding tariffs on Chinese EVs. The brandy tariffs, which require importers to deposit the tariff amount with customs starting Friday, stem from a preliminary investigation that found European brandy to be priced below market value in China.

As Monday, October 7, marks the anniversary of Hamas's attack on Israel, which left 1,205 people dead, mostly civilians, more protests are anticipated. Israel's military response has reportedly led to over 41,825 casualties in Gaza, the majority of whom are civilians, according to local health officials and UN sources.

Tensions have escalated with Israel's ground operation in Lebanon, following missile attacks attributed to Iran, raising fears of a broader conflict. The international community remains divided, with both pro-Israeli and pro-Palestinian demonstrations occurring in various locations.

In Rome, a pro-Palestinian protest turned violent, with clashes between demonstrators and police leading to injuries and arrests, according to AFP reports.

In Berlin, police detained 26 individuals at a pro-Israeli event, while a pro-Palestinian rally attracted over 1,000 participants.

In London, the "National March for Palestine" featured chants urging an end to civilian bombings and calls for intervention in Lebanon. Although the rally was mostly peaceful, several arrests were made.

Protests also took place in Dublin, Paris, Madrid, and Cape Town, where demonstrators voiced solidarity with Palestinians. In South Africa, participants called Israel a "racist state," while in Venezuela, protesters outside the UN demanded action against what they labelled the "genocide" of Palestinians.

More protests and commemorations are set for Monday in cities including New York, Sydney, and Buenos Aires. Pope Francis has called for a day of "prayer and fasting for peace," coinciding with an official memorial service in Jerusalem led by Israeli President Isaac Herzog to honour the victims of the conflict.

"We still think that there is a tiny bit of hope on the diplomatic front. Because Lebanon is bombed every day, Beirut is bombed every day, every night, for 24 hours. The Bekaa in Lebanon, the south, we're afraid we're turning into a new Gaza in Lebanon," he told AFP.

Commenting on the deaths of Hezbollah leaders Ismail Haniyeh and Hassan Nasrallah, he said: "It's a criminal attitude, he (Benyamin Netanyahu) murdered Ismail Haniyeh while he was negotiating a ceasefire, and he murdered Hassan Nasrallah while he was negotiating a ceasefire, so he knew what was going to happen. We find what has happened unacceptable, and it has dragged a country and perhaps an entire region into a war that will never end."

The situation in Lebanon has been increasingly volatile , with frequent exchanges of fire between Israeli forces and Hezbollah fighters. This conflict has intensified since Israel's military operations in Gaza began, drawing parallels between the two regions.

The fear is that Lebanon could face a similar fate to Gaza, which has been subjected to severe blockades and military actions for years.

According to a report by Aljazeera , more than 2000 people have been killed in Lebanon from Israeli strikes.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan took a definitive stance against Israel's military operations occurring in Gaza and Lebanon. He condemned these actions and urged for immediate intervention from the United Nations and other respective organisations, warning of potential threats to Turkey if they persist. Erdogan characterised the Israeli government's conduct as genocidal and aggressive, illustrating the urgency for action to counter what he referred to as a "horde of killers."

Evacuation of foreigners from Lebanon

Turkey's Foreign Ministry has announced its coordination with approximately 20 countries to facilitate the evacuation of foreign nationals from Lebanon amidst deteriorating security due to Israel's ground invasion. A specific coordination centre has been established to manage these evacuations effectively, outlining clear guidelines for the movement of individuals through Turkish territory.

Manufacturing industry endures worst slowdown

Turkey’s manufacturing sector is facing significant challenges , as indicated by the Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) which fell to 44.3 in September, down from 47.8 in August. This marks the worst slowdown since May 2020, with firms reporting declining demand leading to reduced output and employment levels, alongside a decrease in purchasing. Despite a minor alleviation in inflation measures, high prices continue to hinder demand, evidenced by ongoing contractions, including a notable drop in new export orders over six consecutive months.

Parliamentary commission to summon Netflix

A Turkish parliamentary commission plans to summon representatives from Netflix to address concerns related to the platform's compliance with Turkish laws and content regulations. Turkey ranks among Netflix's top 10 subscriber nations, hence the discussions will focus on ensuring that content aligns with Turkish moral values, akin to prior discussions held with TikTok regarding 'obscene' material. Recent concerns were raised over a Netflix series that allegedly misrepresented Türkiye’s 1974 Peace Operation in Cyprus, prompting Netflix to limit its availability regionally amid these concerns. The commission aims to maintain a balance between protecting individual liberties and ensuring public order.

Recommendation for the use of force against Israel

President Tayyip Erdogan, addressing the UN General Assembly, called for a recommendation for the use of force against Israel should the UN Security Council remain inoperative regarding its aggressive actions. He invoked the 1950 Uniting for Peace resolution, which empowers the General Assembly to step in during Security Council deadlocks. Erdogan expressed disappointment at the lack of robust measures from Muslim countries against Israel's actions, advocating for a worldwide mobilisation to achieve a ceasefire. Additionally, Turkey has suspended trade with Israel and is initiating legal actions against the nation in the World Court.

“We have not observed any penetration by Israeli enemy forces into Lebanese territory,” a Lebanese army source told AFP. Both United Nations peacekeepers and the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah also denied that any ground offensive had begun.

In response to the escalating conflict, residents of Haifa, Israel’s third-largest city, voiced their reactions to the Israeli military's actions. Slomi, a vacationer in Haifa, commented, "The land entry to Lebanon should probably be done, but I hope the military action will not expand or be permanent. Just as we knew how to enter, we will also know how to leave quickly."

Another resident, 63-year-old retired doctor Maymon Levi, expressed support for the ground operation. "We had to enter from the ground. The Air Force cannot end the war alone. We know there will be losses, and we hope there won’t be many, but entering Lebanon was necessary," Levi said.

Firefighter Yossi Cohen took a more aggressive stance, stating: "We need absolute silence. That means cleaning the area completely. If we must, we will reach Beirut. We have the patience and the strength—we are the strongest army in the world."

Since the start of Israel’s war on Gaza, which has claimed over 40,000 lives, most of them women and children—Israeli forces and the Iran-backed Hezbollah have been engaged in intense cross-border fighting.

The conflict saw a particularly deadly turn with a massive Israeli airstrike on Beirut that killed Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah on Friday, September 27.

The ongoing tensions have led to multiple evacuations, particularly in southern Lebanon, as the situation continues to unfold with no clear resolution in sight.