While the three juntas share similar rhetoric and have formed new regional groupings, they have struggled to translate alignment into seamless military cooperation or shared strategy against insurgent violence that moves easily across borders.

The lack of joint planning, intelligence-sharing and operational trust has left each government fighting largely on its own, undermining the idea that a Russia-backed Sahel front can deliver region-wide security gains.

Russia’s own approach is also drawing blowback. Reports of heavy-handed tactics and abuses linked to Moscow-aligned forces have fuelled resentment in some areas and, in some cases, strengthened armed groups’ recruitment narratives.

That reputational cost, combined with limited improvements on the ground, is making Russia’s offer less attractive than it looked when anti-Western sentiment was at its peak.

At the same time, Moscow no longer has the Sahel to itself. China, Türkiye and the UAE are expanding business, military and diplomatic footprints in the region, giving junta leaders more options and reducing Russia’s leverage.

The intelligence agency claims that Macron has authorised a plan to “eliminate ‘undesirable leaders’ in Africa,”  comparing the strategy to historical American operations in South America.

The SVR report describes the French leadership as “refined racists from Paris” who are struggling to maintain their reputation as a “parasitic metropolis, robbing its former colonies and hindering their development”.

The agency further alleges that France is “directly supporting terrorists of various stripes” and collaborating with the “Ukrainian regime” to supply militants in the Sahel with drones and instructors to destabilise sovereign governments.

A primary target of this alleged "destructive attention" is Madagascar, where a military takeover in October 2025 ousted President Andry Rajoelina. 

The SVR claims that because the new government under Colonel Randrianirina is “committed to developing relations with BRICS,” Paris is actively “exploring ways to overthrow” the new president to “restore a loyal regime”.

The coup in Madagascar followed a period of intense domestic turmoil triggered by widespread economic discontent, with 80% of the population living below the poverty line and the country suffering from high levels of corruption. The immediate spark for the 2025 protests involved persistent power outages and water shortages in the capital, Antananarivo. 

The movement was largely driven by Generation Z activists, organised via the "Gen Z Mada" social media movement, which used symbols like the "Jolly Roger" flag from the anime One Piece to represent rebellion against oppressive systems. 

The transition of power was finalised on October 15, 2025, after the elite military unit CAPSAT aligned with demonstrators and Parliament impeached Rajoelina, who eventually fled into exile citing an assassination plot.

The SVR’s warnings of French-backed destabilisation coincide with a major security incident in Niger. 

On January 29, General Abdourahamane Tiani, leader of Niger’s military junta, accused France, Benin, and Côte d’Ivoire of sponsoring a "terrorist attack" on the Diori Hamani International Airport in Niamey.

The assault, which involved gunfire and explosions, damaged the fuselage and wings of commercial aircraft belonging to ASKY Airlines and Air Côte d’Ivoire. During a televised address, General Tiani named President Macron as a primary sponsor of the operation. 

“We have heard them bark, they should be ready to hear us roar,” Tiani declared. He also extended specific gratitude to Russian troops stationed at the base for “defending their sector” during the skirmish.

The SVR report also links France to an attempted coup in Burkina Faso on January 3, which aimed to assassinate the country's military leader, Captain Ibrahim Traoré. 

Russian intelligence asserts that “France’s involvement... has already been established,” and claims similar efforts are underway to overthrow President Assimi Goïta in Mali through city blockades and terror against civilians. 

The trip comes as the United States tries to move past what it described as previous policy missteps and re-engage with governments in the region on shared security and economic concerns.

“The United States looks forward to discussing next steps for enhancing US-Mali cooperation,” the statement said.

Checker is also expected to consult with other Sahel governments, including Burkina Faso and Niger, as Washington reassesses its approach in a region facing political upheaval, military rule and shifting international alliances.

The Sahel has become a key focus of global security concerns due to militant violence , repeated coups and growing foreign influence, including increased Russian engagement.

US officials said the Bamako visit is part of efforts to strengthen cooperation on regional stability and development, while recognising the sovereignty of Sahel states.

The United States established diplomatic relations with Mali in 1960, following its independence from France .

The talks covered cooperation in space exploration and the use of Russian space technologies in Burkina Faso. Both sides also reaffirmed their commitment to working through United Nations frameworks to address concerns about the militarisation of outer space.

During the meeting, Gorbunov presented the prime minister with Burkina Faso’s national flag, which had spent about six months aboard the International Space Station during his mission.

The engagement builds on a September agreement signed in Bamako, where officials from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger reached a deal with Russia’s space agency, Roscosmos, to jointly develop telecommunications and remote-sensing satellites.

The initiative is intended to support regional priorities such as strengthening security , improving disaster response and expanding high-speed internet access.

Dr Joseph Siegle, who leads research on Russian influence in Africa at the Africa Centre for Strategic Studies, said Moscow’s engagement is driven more by geostrategic goals than long-term economic investment.

Russia has positioned itself as an alternative ally by offering diplomatic backing and security cooperation to the transitional governments in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, he said.

Siegle also described the AES as largely symbolic, warning that the three governments lack the economic and security capacity to operate as a cohesive bloc. “The promotion appears intended more to enhance the international credibility of these governments than to achieve tangible regional cooperation,” he told Space in Africa .

The initiative seeks to reduce the long-standing dominance of French, a legacy of colonial rule, while strengthening national identity and intellectual sovereignty within Mali’s schools.

Niger’s Prime Minister, Ali Mahamane Lamine Zeine, warned that the region’s continued dependence on imports remained deeply troubling despite its vast natural wealth. He said it was unacceptable that Sahelian countries still rely on foreign supplies for basic items such as needles, matches, footwear and kitchen utensils, as well as everyday consumer goods.

Mali’s Minister of Industry and Trade, Moussa Alassane Diallo, urged closer economic complementarity among AES member states. He argued that the alliance should prioritise intra-regional trade, saying Mali’s gold should benefit Niger and Burkina Faso, Niger’s oil should supply Mali and Burkina Faso, and Burkina Faso’s iron resources should be used to support development across the region.

Burkina Faso’s Minister of Trade , Serge Gnaniodem Poda, said the meeting demonstrated a shared determination to translate the vision of AES leaders into practical outcomes. He stressed the need for a strong national private sector, describing it as dynamic, patriotic, committed and disciplined.

Poda added that the AES offers a rare opportunity to rebuild member economies and establish a genuinely integrated regional market.

The discussions are part of broader efforts to put in place the legal and institutional foundations of the Sahel Alliance, ahead of a Heads of State Conference scheduled to take place later this month.

Watch the full interview:

However, subsequent reports show an increase in terrorist activity across the Sahel. Armed groups continue to grow in strength and territorial reach, leading to instability across Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger. These three countries formed the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) in 2023 as part of a collective defence initiative.

United Nations reports highlight widespread violence, noting that entire communities have been displaced in Burkina Faso, northern Mali, and western Niger. This displacement stems from continued clashes between armed groups, intercommunal violence, and military operations.

In Mali, the Security Council reports that Jama’at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), an al-Qaeda affiliate, has launched attacks on over 100 fuel tankers and abducted fuel truck drivers near the capital, Bamako, and other locations.

What they said

“Mariam was forcibly taken from the market in front of everyone,” one local source said. Timbuktu region mayor Yehia Tandina told the Associated Press: “The same men brought her back to Independence Square in Tonka and executed her in front of a crowd.” State television described Cissé as “a young woman who simply wanted to promote her community through her TikTok posts and encourage the Malian army in its missions to protect people and their property.”

At the heart of the crisis is the Jama’at Nusrat al‑Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), an affiliate of Al‑Qaeda operating in the Sahel region. Since early September, the group has imposed a blockade on fuel imports into Mali, particularly targeting convoys coming from neighbouring countries.

The landlocked nature of Mali makes it especially vulnerable: fuel is fundamental not just for transport but for power, commerce and daily life. The blockade has triggered long queues at petrol stations, widespread power outages and a sharp slowdown in economic activity.

As a result of the fuel blockade, the Malian government announced the nationwide suspension of schools and universities for several weeks, citing that staff and students cannot reliably commute or that transport is disrupted.

Meanwhile, analysts warn that the blockade is part of a broader JNIM strategy to undermine the state’s authority, starve the capital city of resources, and force the government into a weakened position.

For foreign nationals, these developments translate into rapidly escalating risks. Beyond the direct threat of terrorist attacks or kidnappings, the breakdown of infrastructure means that escape routes may become compromised, flights and ground transport may be disrupted, and basic services may cease unexpectedly.

Indeed, the United States Embassy in Bamako has urged Americans to leave via commercial flights because overland travel is considered hazardous. Given these conditions, the governments of France, the US and the UK judge that their citizens’ safety cannot be guaranteed and therefore are advising departure “as soon as possible”.

What was once a challenging security environment has turned into one where the advisories now recommend immediate exit rather than just caution.

With schools and universities shut down, frustration is spreading across the country. Businesses are struggling, and many people are finding it harder to move around or access basic services.

Outside the capital, things are even worse. Clashes between Malian forces and terrorist groups in rural and border areas have forced people from their homes, cut off supply routes, and made it difficult for aid to reach those in need.

The situation has grown so unstable that the United States has issued an urgent security alert, telling all American citizens to leave Mali immediately.

On October 28, the U.S. Embassy in Bamako issued a security alert that reflects the growing danger on the ground. The message urges Americans to leave the country as soon as possible, using commercial flights while they are still available. Roads leading out of Mali are considered too dangerous, with frequent attacks and armed ambushes reported along major highways.

For those who choose to stay, the Embassy advises preparing for emergencies, stocking up on supplies, keeping communication devices ready, and staying out of public view. It also warns that U.S. officials have limited ability to help citizens outside the capital because of the ongoing conflict and travel risks.

“The international airport in Bamako remains open and flights are available,” the alert states. “U.S. citizens should depart using commercial aviation, as overland routes to neighbouring countries may not be safe for travel.”

Five years later, Keita was re-elected to continue his mandate in serving the people of Mali. But in the midst of a global coronavirus pandemic, sluggish reforms, a collapsing economy, deteriorating public services and schools, and a widely held belief that his government was corrupt, Keita was overthrown on August 18, 2020—the first of a wave of military coup d'états to hit the Sahel over the next three years.

Assimi Goita, Mali’s army general and president, masterminded the two coup plots that hit the nation in 9 months. In the August 2020 coup, Goita was installed as vice president of a transition government, and civilian Bah Ndaw as president, promising to hold elections in 18 months.

But soon after, a struggle for dominance broke out between the two sides as each sought to increase its influence.

Ndaw removed military leaders who had played a crucial role in the August coup when he reorganised the cabinet on May 24, 2021. He was detained by the military later that day, and a few hours later, Goita extended military rule and proclaimed himself president.

A study, which took place in Mali in July 2021, almost a year after the first military coup and only weeks after the second coup led by then Colonel Goita, found that when asked directly, 74.0% of respondents claimed to support the military regime, and only 24.7% of respondents claimed to trust the foreign armed forces.

However, using the List Experiment (LE), a different technique used to measure true opinions on sensitive topics — things they might not want to admit directly — the survey found that the support for the military regime was only 63.2%, meaning support was over-reported by 10.8 percentage points, and trust in foreign armed forces was 36%, significantly underreported by 11.6 percentage points.

People claimed support, given the politically tense and non-democratic environment of Mali, expressing support for the ruling military regime was the socially desirable and safest response, given the strong anti-foreign sentiment prevalent at the time and the fear of repression associated with criticising the government.

According to the researchers, “The opposite direction of misreporting of these two political attitudes is consistent with the military regime’s strong opposition to the international coalition led by France in Mali at the time of our survey.”

A year after Goita had overthrown Ndaw to proclaim himself leader of the West African nation, the last of the French troops stationed in Mali to fight against Islamic insurgency left the country, completing a withdrawal that ended the nine-year Operation Serval—carried out in response to an attack in the northern part of the country by the ethnic-Tuareg separatist movement that had partnered with an al-Qaeda affiliate.

In a constitutional referendum held in June 2023, 97% of voters favoured changes which granted the president the power to appoint and dismiss the prime minister and cabinet members. Out of 8.4 million registered voters, only 39.4% took part in the referendum. 

Opponents of the new constitution claimed that it would reduce the likelihood of democratic reforms and that the referendum had been tainted.

Goïta disbanded all political parties in May 2025 and indefinitely postponed the 2024 elections. The National Transitional Council granted Goita a five-year term on July 3, 2025, which can be renewed "as many times as necessary" and without an election.

The Malian Armed Forces (FAMa) have reported significant victories against terrorist groups in operations across Ménaka, Sikasso, and Zantiguila. According to military statements, dozens of militants were neutralised and weapons caches seized in coordinated air and ground offensives. The operations form part of a broader strategy to restore state control over northern and central regions long plagued by insurgency. The government has hailed the offensives as proof of FAMa’s growing capacity to conduct independent counterterrorism operations following the withdrawal of foreign troops. Analysts, however, caution that sustaining such gains will require stabilising governance and rebuilding trust with local communities affected by years of violence.

Launch of nationwide hydrocarbons control and awareness mission

The Malian Ministry of Mines, Energy, and Water has launched a comprehensive hydrocarbons control and awareness mission across Bamako and regional centres. The initiative seeks to ensure compliance with fuel quality standards, monitor distribution networks, and prevent illicit practices in the petroleum sector. Officials emphasised that the campaign also aims to educate consumers on fuel efficiency and environmental impact. This move follows public complaints about irregularities in fuel pricing and quality, which have contributed to economic hardship. The government’s proactive stance reflects its broader push for energy sector reform and transparency amid fiscal constraints and rising global oil prices.

Mali and Hungary deepen diplomatic cooperation

Mali and Hungary have announced a renewed phase of diplomatic cooperation, focusing on education, defence, and economic development. The Malian Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed that new agreements were signed to facilitate student exchanges, military training programs, and agricultural partnerships. Hungarian officials expressed interest in supporting Mali’s post-conflict reconstruction and counterterrorism efforts through technical assistance. The collaboration is seen as part of Mali’s broader strategy to diversify its international partnerships beyond traditional Western allies, reflecting Bamako’s pivot toward a more multipolar foreign policy. Observers believe the partnership could bring tangible benefits if accompanied by transparent governance and mutual accountability.

CNT president decries economic isolation and pledges resilience against terrorism

Colonel Malick Diaw, president of Mali’s National Transitional Council (CNT), delivered a defiant address at the opening of the October 2025 parliamentary session, declaring that while “they want to suffocate us economically, terrorism will be defeated.” His remarks underscored Mali’s determination to resist international economic pressure while pursuing self-reliance in security and development. Diaw emphasised the importance of national unity and resource transparency to rebuild the economy amid sanctions and regional isolation. His speech received widespread attention as Mali continues to balance military campaigns against jihadist groups with the need to restore democratic governance and financial stability.

Mali–Mauritania dialogue relaunched to ease cross-border tensions

Diplomatic efforts between Mali and Mauritania have resumed as both governments seek to overcome recent tensions linked to cross-border security operations and trade disputes. Officials from Bamako and Nouakchott held talks aimed at strengthening cooperation in counterterrorism, migration control, and regional commerce. The relaunch of dialogue marks a positive shift following months of strained relations fueled by mutual accusations of border violations. Both sides have expressed optimism about building mechanisms for joint patrols and conflict resolution, signalling a renewed commitment to peace and partnership in the Sahel region.

The ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development's head of Research and Strategic Planning, MacDonald Goanue told Global South World

An immediate problem for the bank has been that it has had to delay the sale of Eurobonds: “Because of the geopolitical situation and rising tariffs in the United States, the cost of funding has gone up,” Goanue said in an exclusive interview at the Crans Montana Forum. “Given the fact that we are a non-investment-grade bank, we are waiting to see how the market cools down before we can go.”

For Goanue, this is not a problem confined to EBID. It reflects a deeper flaw in the international financial architecture. Credit rating agencies, he argues, apply methodologies that “tend to punish” African countries because of structural factors - security risks, low per-capita incomes, shallow domestic markets - that are hard to change overnight. When West African regional entities try to raise capital, they end up paying nine or ten percent interest - sometimes even 12 percent - far higher than institutions elsewhere.

While a major part of the answer lies in debt forgiveness, countries can also improve their situations but developing deeper domestic capital markets, he argued. However he cautioned against following artificial deadlines for the introduction of a single currency - the Eco is still official slated for 2027.

"I think the leadership of ECOWAS is playing cautious, because they want to be sure that they don't want to go into an arrangement tomorrow that will collapse," he said, adding that intraregional trade only accounted for perhaps 8 percent within the block against 77 percent in the euro area prior to the introduction of the Euro.

Powering growth

Against this backdrop, EBID’s core mission is to finance infrastructure—especially energy. Access to electricity in West Africa is among the lowest in the world, a bottleneck that constrains industrialisation, raises costs for basic services, and feeds inflation. Nigeria, the region’s largest economy, still faces enormous deficits in power supply, while only a few countries like Cape Verde and Côte d’Ivoire have relatively high coverage.

Goanue, himself Liberian, paints a vivid picture: without reliable electricity, shops close at sunset, hospital services cost more to run, and even banks struggle with overheads. “With electricity access, there will be a 24-hour economy,” he said. “Small businesses can stay open later, people feel safer, and factories can be powered. It will create the entrepreneurial spirit.”

EBID has already financed power plants in Benin, Togo, and Côte d’Ivoire and is seeking to increase its footprint in Nigeria. One flagship example is the Maria Glater plant in Benin, which the bank has supported. Yet the scale of the challenge is immense, and Goanue is cautious about promising big breakthroughs in the next 12 months. “It takes time,” he said, noting that the bank also funds connecting roads and other infrastructure that underpin regional trade.

Climate considerations

How does EBID square this urgent need for energy with global pressure to shift away from fossil fuels? Goanue admits it is not easy. “It’s not possible to end investment in fossil fuels immediately,” he said. Nigeria’s budget, for example, still relies heavily on oil revenues, and new discoveries are seen as good news by African governments. EBID does have environmental, social, and governance (ESG) policies, and most of its member states subscribe to the Paris Climate Accord, but Goanue emphasises that transition will take time. “There is a way you can make these things clean,” he said. “We want to invest into clean energy, but we have to balance it.”

Managing a split

Guanoe is evidently proud of his institutions pragamtic approach to the biggest challenge ECOWAS has faced in recent times - the departure or Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger - reducing the bloc's membership to twelve. With major major exposure in these states - about 23 percent of its portfolio or more than $200 million - the bank has resisted pressure to pull out completely.

Instead, the bank has persuaded ECOWAS leaders to let it continue disbursing funds for ongoing projects and to keep staff from these countries in place. Goanue likens the approach to how British citizens were treated in EU institutions after Brexit. “We are careful and circumspect to ensure that our facilities are repaid,” he said. Burkina Faso has stayed current on its restructured repayments, Mali has restarted payments, and Niger is making token transfers despite fiscal stress.

This pragmatic stance is driven by economic as much as political logic. If EBID simply withdrew, non-performing loans would spike, undermining its own creditworthiness and pushing up borrowing costs further. In addition, nobody benefits if projects already paid for are not completed.

A brighter future

Despite the obstacles, Goanue remains optimistic. West Africa’s population exceeds 480 million—roughly the size of the European Union —but its GDP is only around $700 billion, and per-capita incomes and banking penetration are low. Building deeper domestic markets, harmonising regulations, and moving toward a single currency are all on the agenda.

What gives him hope is demographics. The region’s average age is under 20, offering a potential “youth dividend” if the right investments in capacity and infrastructure are made.

What they said

“The ICC has proven itself incapable of handling and prosecuting proven war crimes, crimes against humanity, crimes of genocide, and crimes of aggression,” the three countries said in their joint statement , adding that the court had “transformed into an instrument of neocolonial repression in the hands of imperialism.” They accused the tribunal of being “a global example of selective justice” and declared their intention to develop “indigenous mechanisms for the consolidation of peace and justice.”

French officials protested that the arrest violated the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, which grants diplomats immunity. The French foreign ministry called his detention "unjustified."

The two Malian diplomats have until Saturday to leave French territory. In a retaliatory move, Mali declared five staff members of France’s embassy in Bamako persona non grata, who departed the country last Sunday, according to French officials.

Mali’s junta, led by President Assimi Goïta, insists that “foreign states” are seeking to destabilise the country, pointing to Vezilier’s alleged role alongside two generals and several others arrested in what authorities described as a coup attempt.

France has warned that further measures will follow if its envoy is not released quickly.

Relations between the two countries have deteriorated sharply since back-to-back coups in Bamako in 2020 and 2021. Mali cut military ties with France in 2022 and has since deepened cooperation with Russia , which the junta frames as a bid for sovereignty.

Meanwhile, Mali continues to grapple with a grinding security crisis. Armed groups linked to al-Qaeda and the Islamic State, along with criminal networks, have waged an insurgency since 2012. In recent weeks, militants have tried to blockade the country by attacking a key supply corridor to Senegal, Mali’s main access to the sea.

The latest statement builds on proposals raised at an earlier AES meeting in Bamako, where ministers discussed creating a Sahelian Criminal and Human Rights Court and establishing a high-security prison to try terrorism cases locally, reducing what they described as “dependence” on international justice institutions.

The AES, which brings together military-led governments in Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso, has frequently accused Western governments and media of undermining its security campaigns. Alongside the allegations against France and Ukraine, AES authorities have suspended broadcasts by France 24, RFI, and TV5Monde, and launched an investigation into a France 24 journalist over alleged ties to jihadist groups.

A recent map published by The World in Maps reveals that more than half of Africa’s 54 nations still criminalise homosexuality, despite growing global recognition of LGBTQ+ rights.

According to the European Parliamentary Research Service, 31 African countries maintain laws that make consensual same-sex relations a criminal offence, ranging from fines and prison sentences to, in rare cases, harsher penalties . ILGA World, a global LGBTQ+ advocacy group, reports similar numbers, with 33 countries enforcing some form of criminalisation as of 2023.

The legal picture is far from static. In September 2025, Burkina Faso passed legislation banning the “promotion of homosexuality,” introducing prison terms of two to five years and significant fines. Similarly, Mali’s new penal code, adopted in December 2024, explicitly criminalised same-sex acts and any advocacy for LGBTQ+ rights.

Yet there are countercurrents. In mid-2024, Namibia’s High Court struck down colonial-era laws banning same-sex relationships, calling them unconstitutional and signalling a potential shift toward greater recognition of LGBTQ+ rights in parts of Southern Africa.

These laws are not just a domestic issue. They shape global perceptions of African markets and influence foreign aid, investment decisions, and diplomatic ties. International donors and human rights organisations frequently condemn anti-LBGTQ legislation, sometimes conditioning aid or trade agreements on human rights compliance.

Multinational corporations, too, are paying closer attention. As ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria become a cornerstone of global investing, countries perceived as repressive risk being excluded from certain capital flows.

Analysts warn that such laws may also deepen public health crises by discouraging vulnerable groups from seeking care, with economic consequences that ripple across labour markets and national productivity.

Recent developments have put Africa’s legal stance on LGBTQ+ rights back into the global conversation just as investors weigh risk amid geopolitical uncertainty. Experts argue that legal crackdowns, whether in Burkina Faso or Ghana, where a controversial “Human Sexual Rights and Family Values Bill” is under debate, could raise reputational and political risk premiums for investors.

After throwing out French troops and the end of a United Nations operation in the country, Mali has looked to new allies to support it.

“ I think the military success that we have on the ground has been possible. Also, thanks. The partnership we have with China, which also allows us to access key military equipments to be able to conduct this fight,” Diop said.

Diop also said he welcomed the Chinese investment that he hoped would increase as security continued to improve.

Some analysts have questioned Mali’s claims to be gaining the upper hand in the conflict as attacks on troops and civilians continue.

Update : Four months after the interview a United Nations report stated that terrorist activity was rising across the region. “Terrorist activity has surged in scale, complexity and sophistication,” UN special representative Leonardo Santos Simão told the Security Council, according to the Associated Press. He pointed to the use of drones and increasing collusion with organized criminals working across borders. The report went on to call for more support for the authorities in their fight, particularly to protect vulnerable women and children.

Watch the full interview here :

The vehicle was developed by Guedesign Automotive, a Niamey-based manufacturer. According to a report by Defence Blog , the Tamgak Wangari is designed to meet the specific operational needs of the Sahel region, including extreme heat, soft sand, and rugged terrain.

Guedesign Automotive describes the vehicle as offering “high mobility, structural resilience, and ease of maintenance in austere environments with minimal infrastructure ”. 

The company added that the Tamgak Wangari was built entirely in Niger by local engineers and technicians. 

“After 5 months of sweat, sleepless nights, plans, bolts and black coffee... he's finally here. Introducing the first-ever 100% Nigerian military buggy, designed, assembled and refined in our own workshops, by a team that is as passionate as they are stubborn,” the company stated in a Facebook post .

The name “Tamgak” refers to the Tamgak mountains in the Aïr region, which are known for their strength and endurance. “Wangari” symbolises struggle and national pride in local innovation.

Guedesign Automotive further stated that the vehicle was developed not only as a tactical platform but also as a representation of Niger’s sovereignty and industrial self-reliance. 

Niger is currently facing security challenges alongside Mali and Burkina Faso. The three countries have also experienced strained diplomatic ties with Western nations and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

In January, the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) formally withdrew from ECOWAS after refusing to meet conditions for the restoration of civilian rule.

In March, the military government led by General Abdourahamane Tiani designated Hausa as the national language , replacing French.

What they said

Opposition leaders have since condemned the move. "No matter how hard they try to make you invisible, your value doesn't depend on their recognition," Nouhoum Togo, president of the Union for the Safeguarding of the Republic (USR) party, posted on social media.

“ We are a country fighting for our autonomy: security autonomy, economic autonomy, but a nation where we count on ourselves to make those transformations,” he said, adding: “ W e count on the ingenuity, the mindset of Malians, because we have been for centuries traders, adventurers. And we think that it's possible for us to do those things .”

The military government in Bamako has taken several measures to bolster the economy in recent months, including new regulations on mining, which accounts for a fifth of public revenues. The new rules will see Malian public and private entities controlling up to 35% of operations with a levy on revenues for local development.

However, introducing the rules comes amid a long-standing dispute with miner Barrick Gold , which has concerned some international investors. The company’s contractors reportedly began firing staff last week as a row over previous changes to ownership regulations continues. 

Diop told Global South World that any investors from any country would be welcome as long as they fulfil three conditions - respecting the country’s sovereignty, following the decisions of its government, and acting in the interests of its people.

As well as the new rules around mining, Diop said the country was keen to ensure that value-added processing of raw materials takes place locally. Mali is a major supplier of cotton and lithium as well as gold, but most exports are raw materials, meaning the bulk of the profits are generated outside the country’s borders.

To fulfill that goal, Mali needs to contain a decade-long insurgency which has crippled the economy and brought down several governments.

Mali threw out French troops based in the country in 2022, complaining that they were not responding to the population's needs. A United Nations Peacekeeping mission ended the following year as the country’s military rulers promised to take control of the situation.

Groups affiliated with al-Qaeda and ISIS want to form an Islamist state within the region and have gained substantial footholds in the countries of the Alliance of Sahel States. International experts say the countries are relying too much on counter terrorism tactics such as raids and not making enough effort to reassert state authority.

Diop rejects these claims, asserting that government forces are now able to operate in all parts of the country. With 25% of government spending going to the military, “the situation has improved significantly,” he told Global South World.

Nevertheless, he acknowledged that arms alone would not win the war against the terrorists.

“ We are mindful that a total military response will never be sufficient, but it is necessary when you are attacked to respond, but we are working for national reconciliation in our country. To promote peace at the community level. To also promote economic development. To create more hope for these young people who are growing up in many of these areas where people are tempted to be in the terrorist networks or to join criminal groups or to be even on the road to illegal migration.”

Videographer: Anoir4art

The political parties now warn that any disregard for the Constitution and the principles of political pluralism could have "irreversible consequences" for the nation.

Oumar Ibrahim Toure, president of the APR Party and spokesperson for the coalition of parties, stressed the risks associated with recent political developments.

"The drift towards amateurism is dangerous," he said, warning that violating the Constitution, the Transition Charter, and the Political Parties Charter would undermine the very foundations of Mali’s democratic progress.

Toure, rallying the assembled crowd, called for political vigilance and mobilisation. "Mali's political parties have therefore invited you to be ready on 26 April 2025. Comrades, are you ready? Are you ready? Are you ready?" he declared.

Tensions have been high in Mali since the military junta seized power following two coups in 2020 and 2021.

Tensions between Algeria and Mali intensified after Algerian forces downed a Malian drone, leading to diplomatic expulsions and the closure of airspace between the two nations. According to The New Arab , observers note that this incident reflects deepening strategic disagreements and a failure of previous mediation efforts, particularly following Mali's withdrawal from a critical peace agreement with Algeria. As reported by various experts, Algeria's concerns over the security vacuum along its borders have been exacerbated by Mali's growing military alliances, including ties with Russian forces.

France Expels Algerian Diplomats Amid Bilateral Strain

In a significant diplomatic move, France expelled 12 Algerian diplomats and recalled its ambassador, amidst escalating tensions attributed to Algeria's condemnation of perceived internal interference by France. MENAFN reports that this action follows Algeria's earlier expulsion of French embassy staff, with both governments entangled in disputes over past grievances, military relations, and recent arrests involving Algerian officials. The deteriorating relationship persists despite prior attempts at dialogue between leaders from both nations.

Algeria Seeks Turkish Investment in Renewable Energy

Algeria has formally invited Turkey to invest in its renewable energy sector, aiming to enhance bilateral trade, which reached a record high of nearly $6 billion in 2024. As reported by Zawya , the two nations discussed ambitions to increase this figure to $10 billion, highlighting Turkey's significant role as a foreign investor in Algeria across various industries, including energy and textiles. The Algerian Foreign Minister expressed potential for increased cooperation in renewable energy projects, aligning with the global push for sustainable energy sources.

Mass Expulsions of Migrants from Algeria to Niger

Algerian authorities expelled over 1,000 migrants to northern Niger, prompting concerns from local NGOs regarding the treatment of these individuals. Reports indicate the migrants, from 17 different countries, were abandoned without food or water in harsh desert conditions. Organisations like Alarme Phone Sahara report that such deportations have intensified, raising alarm over humanitarian conditions and violations of international law, particularly concerning migrants with valid documentation, Info Migrants reports.

Algeria Enacts New Law on General Mobilisation

Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune presided over a cabinet meeting, during which a draft law on general mobilisation was adopted, guided by Article 99 of the Constitution. According to Constitution Net , this law outlines the procedures for mobilisation in response to national security threats, signifying a formal framework that includes prior declarations of a state of emergency or war. This legislative move reflects Algeria's strategic preparedness and aligns with constitutional stipulations regarding national defence.

The drone, the group claimed , had been conducting an anti-terrorism mission, and its destruction “prevented the neutralisation of a terrorist group that was planning attacks against the AES.”

The AES - formed last year following the withdrawal of its members from the West African regional bloc ECOWAS - described the incident as a violation of international law and a blow to long-standing fraternal ties between the Sahelian nations and Algeria.

Algeria denies wrongdoing

In contrast, Algeria defended its actions, stating the drone had violated Algerian airspace by more than two kilometers (1.2 miles) and was an “armed surveillance drone.” The Algerian military said it acted in self-defense in accordance with national sovereignty and airspace protection.

But Mali’s Prime Minister, Gen. Abdoulaye Maiga, fired back in a strongly worded statement published by the Malian Foreign Ministry on social media . He rejected Algeria’s claims, asserting that the drone did not cross into Algerian territory. He went further, accusing Algeria of “sponsoring international terrorism” - a significant escalation in rhetoric.

AES tightens stance

In addition to recalling ambassadors, Mali has summoned the Algerian ambassador in Bamako, withdrawn from a 15-year-old regional military group that includes Niger, and plans to file an official complaint with international bodies.

Algeria retaliates

In a retaliatory move, Algeria announced a ban on all flights to and from Mali, citing “recurrent violations” of its airspace. The move further underscores the unraveling of regional cooperation, which has already been weakened by recent political upheavals and shifting alliances.

Tensions, not war

Despite the heated exchange, experts say the situation is unlikely to escalate into armed conflict.

Rida Lyammouri, a senior fellow at the Policy Center for the New South in Morocco, cautioned that Mali's ability to investigate the incident is limited. “The crash occurred in an area it doesn’t control,” he said, noting that the drone wreckage is believed to be in the hands of anti-government groups.

“This is likely to remain a diplomatic standoff, not a military one,” Lyammouri added. “Neither Algeria nor the AES members are in a position—or have an interest—in escalating this into a broader conflict.”

Joel Ahofodji, Head of Communication for the ECOWAS Commission, confirmed the meeting and said all issues, including possible responses, would be discussed.

He told reporters, "ECOWAS will have an Extraordinary Council on the 22nd of April. All these issues will be discussed."

The AES, formed by the military governments of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso, started collecting the new import tax on March 28.

The levy does not apply to humanitarian aid but affects all other goods entering the three countries.

This move has raised concerns because it goes against ECOWAS’s goal of free trade within the region.

Even after Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso left ECOWAS in January 2025, the regional bloc said it would continue to treat their goods and services under the ECOWAS Trade Liberalisation Scheme, which allows duty-free movement.

The new tax could disrupt trade, raise costs, and weaken the regional free trade agreement. Relations between ECOWAS and the three countries have been tense since early 2024 when the three states left the bloc.

The AES countries accused ECOWAS of failing to help them fight terrorism and criticised sanctions that hurt their populations. Although ECOWAS later removed the sanctions, the three countries did not rejoin.

ECOWAS has said it is open to discussions if the AES nations wish to return. The bloc has also introduced measures to ease the impact of the split, including duty-free trade, visa-free movement, and residence for citizens.

Meanwhile, Niger has left the Multinational Joint Task Force, a regional military force that has fought Islamist insurgents in the Lake Chad region since 2015. The force includes troops from Nigeria , Chad, and Cameroon.

The three countries, which are all led by military governments, announced the tax to support their new union, the Alliance of Sahel States.

This alliance began in 2023 as a security pact but now aims to become an economic union with plans for biometric passports and closer military and economic ties.

The new tax means goods from other West African countries will no longer enter Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger freely.

This marks a break from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), a regional group that has promoted free trade across West Africa for decades.

The decision highlights the growing divide between the three Sahel countries and democratic nations like Nigeria and Ghana to the south.

"The site is owned by a Chinese company, but women negotiated for free access to the mine for two hours daily, from 6 a.m. to 8 a.m.," Diallo explained.

He noted that the absence of men, who are more experienced in recognising the warning signs of unstable mines, may have contributed to the disaster. "There were only women, and that is why the tragedy happened. Men know how to recognise the signals from the mine; it's their job," Diallo added.

Muddy waters reportedly engulfed a mechanical excavator at the site, but search operations are still ongoing.

Mali, one of Africa’s top gold producers, has long grappled with the dangers of artisanal mining. Fatal accidents, including deadly landslides, frequently plague the informal sector.

In January 2024, over 70 people died following a tunnel collapse at another gold mining site in the same region.

The three countries, all led by military governments, say the passport will replace the ECOWAS passport. However, people can still use their ECOWAS passports until they expire. Citizens are encouraged to register for the new AES passport.

Why these countries have left ECOWAS

Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger left ECOWAS in January 2024, accusing the regional group of not supporting them enough in their fight against terrorism.

They also claim ECOWAS was siding with France, their former colonial power. The withdrawal became official on January 29, 2025.

Since leaving, they have strengthened military and political ties with Russia and other countries. They are also working on forming a joint military force of 5,000 soldiers to fight insurgents in the Sahel region.

What it means for travellers

Before leaving ECOWAS, citizens of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger could travel visa-free to other West African countries. Now, it is not clear if they will need visas to visit ECOWAS nations.

For now, ECOWAS has advised its member states to continue recognising passports from these three countries until further notice. But in the future, travellers may face new border rules, longer checks, or higher fees.

People with family in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger may also face travel difficulties. Many West African families have relatives across borders, especially in areas like Nigeria-Niger and Ghana-Burkina Faso. If new visa rules come in, visiting loved ones may become harder and more expensive.

ECOWAS response

ECOWAS says it will keep its doors open if the three countries want to return. It has also given them a six-month grace period until July to reconsider.

In the meantime, ECOWAS has urged its members to continue allowing trade with Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger under the usual agreements. The regional body says it wants to avoid confusion and economic harm during this transition.

However, leaving ECOWAS means these countries will no longer enjoy duty-free trade within the bloc. Since all three are landlocked, they rely on coastal nations like Ghana, Nigeria, and Benin for international trade. If new tariffs and border restrictions are introduced, goods could become more expensive, affecting businesses and consumers.

What happens next?

The launch of the new passport marks a major shift in West Africa. It signals that Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger are moving further away from ECOWAS and towards their own independent alliance.

While the full impact is still unclear, many experts believe this split could reshape travel, trade, and security in the region. For now, citizens will have to wait and see how governments handle the changes in the months ahead.

The three countries have teamed up to form a separate confederation called the Alliance of Sahel States (AES).

They had formally notified ECOWAS of their plan for an "immediate" withdrawal in January 2024, alleging the organisation's excessive dependence on France in particular. Paris has become the common enemy of the three juntas, which now favour partnerships with countries such as Russia, Turkey and Iran.

In Niger, thousands of people led by members of the military regime gathered around a square in the capital Niamey on Jan. 28 before heading towards the nearby National Assembly.

They chanted slogans hostile to French President Emmanuel Macron as well as other leaders in the region with whom Niger has strained relations, such as Benin, Nigeria and Ivory Coast.

"On January 28, 2024, we announced our exit from ECOWAS with immediate effect. Many thought it was a joke, that we were going to go back on our decision," AFP quoted Ibro Amadou Bacharou, private chief of staff of Niger's junta leader General Abdourahamane Tiani. "This is ending today, there is nothing left between ECOWAS and us," he said. 

"It is in our collective interest to work together in all areas, including in the area of security," Touray tells a press conference in Nigeria's capital Abuja where ECOWAS' headquarters is located.

The Spaniard was flown aboard a military jet from Tin Zaouatine, Algeria’s southernmost commune near the Mali border, where the operation to secure his release reportedly took place.

While details surrounding the rescue mission remain undisclosed, but Algerian officials emphasised their commitment to combating cross-border threats and ensuring the safety of foreign nationals in the region.

Mali's Ministry of Foreign Affairs has condemned Algeria for its "persistent" interference in Mali's internal affairs, following comments from Algerian Foreign Minister Ahmed Attaf regarding Mali's counter-terrorism strategy. Mali stated that its security decisions are sovereign and accused Algeria of supporting terrorist groups destabilizing the country. According to Morocco World News , The Malian ministry emphasized its military successes against Algeria-backed groups and criticized Algeria's condescending attitude, urging it to address its internal issues instead. This incident highlights ongoing tensions, with Mali frequently accusing Algeria of harbouring separatist insurgents.

Mali court jails dissident politician over remarks about Burkina junta

Mali court has sentenced dissident Issa Kaou N'Djim to two years in prison, with one year suspended, for remarks about Burkina Faso's junta. He was fined 1 million CFA francs ($1,600) by the national anti-cybercrime office. N'Djim's comments were made on Joliba TV News, which was subsequently closed by authorities. His jailing follows the abduction of another opposition figure, Ibrahim Naby Togola, raising concerns over repression in Mali, where military regimes have curtailed press freedoms. N'Djim, a former vice-president of Mali’s National Transitional Council, had previously been convicted for similar offences, Citizen Digital reports.

Prominent Malian religious leader abducted

An esteemed religious leader, Amadou Hady Tall, was abducted by armed men in Mali near the Mauritanian border, according to a security official and a family source on Saturday, December 28. Tall, the calif of the Tijaniyyah—the largest Sufi order in West Africa—is known for his advocacy of non-violence. His political and religious beliefs contrast sharply with the strict, literal interpretation of Islam promoted by jihadist groups in the Sahel region. His disappearance occurred on Friday, December 27, while he was returning from a religious pilgrimage called a ziyara, and no group has yet claimed responsibility, Barron's reports.

Hummingbird secures $35.6M loan to support Mali subsidiary

Hummingbird Resources PLC has secured a $35.6 million loan to refinance its Mali subsidiary, Société des Mines de Komana (SMK). The loan has a 9% interest rate, is due on December 31, 2025, and is unsecured, although it will be backed by existing security to Coris Bank International. This refinancing aims to alleviate financial pressures and help the company attain self-sustaining cash flows. The terms were deemed fair by Hummingbird's independent directors. Interim CEO Geoff Eyre highlighted the importance of support from Coris during challenging times. Hummingbird operates the Yanfolila Gold Mine in Mali and is involved in several projects across West Africa, Investing.com .

Qatar Charity's residential village in Mali set to benefit 10,000 people

Qatar Charity (QC) has inaugurated a residential village in N'Gabacoro Droit, Mali, built on two hectares at a cost of over QR4.5 million. The project aims to provide safe housing, enhance healthcare and education, and ensure access to clean drinking water for approximately 10,000 people. The village includes 66 housing units, a health centre, a mosque, a primary school, a Qur'an memorisation centre, and two wells. As reported by Gulf Times , Qatar's ambassador to Mali highlighted the partnership with local authorities and the project's alignment with Qatar's commitment to human dignity. Community leaders expressed gratitude for the significant improvement in living conditions for families previously living in straw huts.

Boubacar Kane, a cattle herder whose family depends on him for food says the closure has destroyed his only source of income.

"This is death for me because I no longer have a way to live," he told the AFP.

The markets had been operating for decades and supported millions of workers. Traders, delivery drivers, and vendors all say their jobs disappeared overnight. D

Traders also say relocating to other markets far outside Bamako will make matters worse.

Workers are urging the government to reconsider the decision, as they say it only makes life harder for already struggling communities.

"This job is my whole life. It helped me escape many vices, including begging and prostitution. I earn a decent living and provide dignity for my children ," Nah told the AFP. 

Nah’s journey began after losing her mother early in life. Raised by her blacksmith brother and later married to another blacksmith, she embraced the craft, honing her skills to manufacture pots, agricultural tools, plumbing parts, and even mechanical components. 

Her customers, like Silamakan Traore, a mechanic who has relied on Nah for 20 years, praise her expertise. "She made a new flange for my dynamo after the old one broke. Her work is precise and reliable," he said. 

Despite injuries and hazards, including burns from molten aluminum, Nah remains steadfast. "These are the risks of the job, but with motivation, you can overcome anything," she says, noting that she balanced her craft with raising children, who now proudly celebrate her accomplishments. 

Her second son, Mohamed Camara, calls her an inspiration. "She is an example for all women. Despite being a mother, she has never let that hinder her. We’re proud to inherit her craft and legacy." 

Ghanaian recruits misled with jobs deployed to Ukraine warfront

Four Ghanaians are currently in critical condition after being injured on the frontlines of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. They were among a group of 14 Ghanaians who were deceived into travelling to Russia with the false promise of lucrative employment opportunities. Read more here .

A Nigerian man has become the fourth person worldwide cured of HIV

A 66-year-old Nigerian man, Salisu Ahmed, has recently been cured of HIV, marking a significant medical breakthrough. This remarkable achievement was made possible through a stem cell transplant at the City of Hope Medical Centre in the United States. Read more here .

Dozens killed in Mali attack by Al Qaeda affiliate

An elaborate attack by an Al Qaeda affiliate in Mali's capital this week resulted in approximately 70 fatalities, according to diplomatic and security sources on Thursday, September 19. The government has not provided official casualty figures. On Tuesday, militants targeted an elite police training academy and the airport. Read more here .

Asia

Thailand introduces app allowing drivers to go licence-free while driving

Drivers in Thailand no longer need to carry physical licenses, thanks to a new mobile app introduced by the Department of Land Transport (DLT). The QR Licence app provides convenient access to digital copies of driving licenses on electronic devices such as phones and tablets. Read more here .

Fears grip ethnic minorities after deadly violence in Bangladesh

Ethnic minorities in Bangladesh's southern hilly region are living in fear after clashes left four dead and dozens injured, police and witnesses reported on Saturday, September 21. Sectarian violence, triggered by the lynching of a Bengali man, has displaced many ethnic families as homes and businesses were set ablaze in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Read more here .

India's Manipur on high alert over alleged influx of 900 militants from Myanmar

India's northeastern state of Manipur is on high alert following intelligence reports of a possible influx of 900 suspected Kuki militants from Myanmar, a senior security official announced on Friday, September 20. Read more here .

Latin America

Brazil energy authorities approve returning to daylight saving time as drought bites

Brazilian energy authorities have approved the reintroduction of daylight saving time to conserve energy amid a severe drought impacting power generation, a senior official announced on Thursday, September 19. However, the measure will require the endorsement of President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva before it can be implemented. Read more here .

Venezuela's exiled opposition head says he was warned Maduro forces coming for him

Venezuela's former presidential candidate Edmundo Gonzalez sought diplomatic refuge after learning that President Nicolas Maduro's security forces were coming for him. Gonzalez, whom the opposition claims won the July election, told Reuters in Madrid that he feared imprisonment and torture if he remained in Venezuela. Read more here .

Residents worried as wildfires cause havoc in Colombia

Wildfires in parts of Colombia are devastating lives and livelihoods. Residents of Aipa are concerned about the health impacts and damage to vegetation. Fires in the Huila region have affected several areas, and locals fear they may be forced to leave their homes. Read more here .

Rokia Sanogo, a banana seller, expressed the deep worry felt by many in Bamako: “We’re really worried. We miss the peace and quiet. We just don’t have a choice, because we have to go out and get the day’s meal,” she told AFP.

A restaurant owner, Soumaila Tembely pointed fingers at the authorities saying, “There is a degree of negligence on the part of the authorities. The state of the country forces them to be constantly on their guard. And it has to be said that this is nothing new. The situation has been going on for a long time.”

For Seydou Keïta, a driver, the problem lies in the lack of proper security checks in specific areas. He told the AFP, “The Garbal market in Faladie is a problem. I think they use the big buses to get to the Garbal, and then sneak through the population. Let’s do a test and search the Garbal, we’ll find some suspects.”

While the focus has primarily been on northern Mali, this recent assault shows that even the capital is not immune to the violence plaguing the country.

Eyewitnesses report that black smoke could be seen rising from the area near the Bamako airport.

The airport has since been closed temporarily as investigations continue to identify the culprits involved.

The Security and Protection Ministry has meanwhile, allayed fears, assuring that the situation is under control.

Mali has seen several jihadist activities over the years involving rebel groups including separatists linked to Al-Quada and the Islamic State group.

The country is currently under a junta led by Colonel Assimi Goita after it broke off from its European partners and France.

The three Alliance of Sahel States will be launching the new passport in the coming days as part of their withdrawal from the wider regional bloc Ecowas.

The three indicated plans to exit Ecowas after a series of coups between 2020 and 2023 earned them sanctions from Ecowas.

Goita who is also acting president of the Sahel alliance revealed plans to launch a joint service that will promote information between all three states.

"In the coming days, a new biometric passport of the [alliance] will be put into circulation with the aim of harmonising travel documents in our common area," Malian junta leader Col Assimi Goïta was quoted .

Prior to this, Burkina Faso had revealed plans to launch a new biometric passport without the Ecowas logo.

It remains unclear how the new passports will affect travelling within Ecowas states where nationals of these countries enjoyed visa-free movement using the Ecowas passport.

Meanwhile, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) said in July that the region risked disintegration and worsening insecurity after junta-led Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger made clear their intentions to leave the bloc by signing a confederation treaty.

Head of the Gao Cultural Mission, Mamadou Samake, shared the tomb’s significance with the AFP. He said, “The Tomb of the Askia is a historical monument that was built by Askia Mohamed in 1495. It is a very old monument that shows the power and greatness of the Songhai empire, a living proof of it today. So, it is a monument that is also on the national heritage list and on the world heritage list since 2004. "

For the people of Gao, the site is more than a historical landmark - it’s a source of pride. “It’s like a museum for us,” said local resident Oumar Seydou Maiga. “Historians come from all over the world to visit, and it gives a positive image of Gao. We feel proud every time.”

However, natural elements have taken a toll on the tomb over the years. Samake pointed out that water, humidity, and insects have caused significant damage. “First, the factors of degradation on the site are natural factors - it’s water, humidity, and insects, so all the problems we see around that tomb and the pathologies we found came from that. There are the woods that were very fragile, very degraded; others were broken. There were pillars that had fallen in 2011 and 2017, so it is; it is pathologies.”

Historian Mohamed Soumeylou Traore explained, “This renovation is crucial because the tomb serves as the burial place of multiple Askia rulers. In Gao alone, ten Askias have been laid to rest here.”

Countries like the Philippines, India, and Mali lack reliable data on heat-related deaths, making it difficult to mitigate the risks of extreme heat. Globally, 2.41 billion workers are exposed to excessive heat, causing nearly 19,000 deaths a year, according to the International Labour Organisation. Accurate data on heat-related deaths is difficult to obtain, especially in low-income countries, leading to undercounting. This lack of data is considered a public health failure and poses a significant challenge in addressing the impact of heat waves, reports The Japan Times .

Mali cuts ties with Ukraine

Mali has cut diplomatic ties with Ukraine over allegations that Kyiv aided an attack by armed groups in which Malian soldiers and Russian mercenaries suffered heavy losses. Ukraine, however, denies the accusations, and the move follows a similar rebuke from Senegal. As reported by Africanews , this comes at a time of fraying relations between the West and coup-affected Sahel nations.

Insecurity affecting businesses

Anthony Osijo, the new CEO of Bboxx, is deeply concerned about the deteriorating security situation in the Sahel. He notes that political instability is making it increasingly difficult for Bboxx to secure financing for projects in affected areas. The Africa Report highlights that the solar power provider is currently assessing the safety of continuing operations in Mali and Burkina Faso. According to the UN's Security Council Report in July, the security situation remains "dire" in parts of the Sahel, particularly in the Liptako-Gourma region of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger.

Former forfeits benefits

Former Mali prime minister Moussa Mara has given up his R22,000 (USD1,183) monthly pension, saying the poor need it more. Mali, one of the world's poorest nations, has a poverty rate of 44.4%. The country is facing economic challenges and political unrest, with a junta government in power since 2020 and failing to meet deadlines for a return to civilian authority, reports News24 .

Ukraine condemns Mali

Ukraine condemned Mali's hasty decision to cut ties over a recent attack. Mali accused Ukraine of involvement in an attack that killed soldiers and Russian mercenaries, but Ukraine denies any involvement and calls the decision unfriendly. According to DH , the diplomatic spat is not expected to have serious consequences for Ukraine's global relations.

The repatriation was coordinated with the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), which assists with voluntary returns and reintegration. However, some migrants alleged that they were forcibly deported.

Hakim, a 59-year-old Nigerian resident in Libya for 25 years, claimed that authorities forcibly entered his home, confiscated his passport, and detained him and his wife before repatriation.

"The authorities came and broke down the door. They told us: ‘Get out, get out, where are the phones, where's the money?' That's how it is for all of us, all Africans," Hakim Salem, one of the many deportees told AFP.

Libya has faced criticism for its treatment of migrants, including claims of extortion and slavery. As a key departure point for migrants from sub-Saharan Africa seeking to reach Europe, Libya has seen increased efforts to curb irregular migration.

Earlier this month, Libyan authorities estimated that up to 80% of foreigners in the country were undocumented.

What they said

The 5-year extension will begin on July 2, 2024, according to the charter. "The elections marking the end of the transition may be organised before this deadline if the security situation so permits," the Reuters news agency quoted the charter as saying.

Despite public outcry and condemnation from international communities amid sanctions, some coup leaders insist that they are only trying to right the wrongs of failed elected African leaders.

Mali

In Mali , the military junta has been in power since 2020 and has suffered two coups. On August 18, 2020, President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta was ousted by the military, leading to the establishment of a transitional government in October. However, on May 24, 2021, the military detained both the president and the prime minister.

In June, Colonel Assimi Goïta was unveiled as the transitional president. Despite the promise by Goïta to maintain military rule for just two years, a national dialogue on Friday, May 10, resulted in the extension of the junta leadership for the next three years as well as pushing for Assimi Goïta to stand in the eventual election.

Guinea

September 5, 2021, similarly saw the overthrow of the elected president of Guinea, Alpha Condé, by military powers. Colonel Mamady Doumbouya, who led the coup, subsequently became the country's president on October 1, 2021. The military government, however, promised to return things to civilian rule by the end of 2024. The military government is yet to show any signs of the country joining the democratic path again despite calls by opposition leaders to provide an election timetable for the 'November-December elections'.

Sudan

Just when the world was recovering from the military overthrows in Mali and Guinea, Sudan slammed the world with another coup d'état led by Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and Hemedti on October 25, 2021. This was after the country's president Omar al-Bashir was deposed in 2019 to form a transitional civilian government. Since April 15, 2023, a power struggle between General Burhane and his former deputy, Mohamed Hamdane Daglo, has resulted in the deaths of at least 15,000 people. The conflict has displaced over 8.2 million individuals, creating the world's worst displacement crisis.

Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso followed suit with two putsches in eight months. On January 24, 2022, President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré was ousted by the military, and Lieutenant-Colonel Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba was inaugurated as president in February. However, on September 30, Damiba was also dismissed by the military, and Captain Ibrahim Traoré was appointed as transitional president, with a presidential election scheduled for July 2024. It is, however, unclear if Captain Ibrahim Traoré is ready to end his regime.

Niger

Niger also experienced one of the most recent coups in Africa when, on July 26, 2023, the military declared they had overthrown President Mohamed Bazoum , with General Abdourahamane Tiani emerging as the new leader of the country. On August 10, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) announced plans to deploy a regional force to "restore constitutional order" while favouring diplomatic solutions. Meanwhile, the military proposed a transition period of up to three years before returning power to civilians.

Gabon

Gabon's president at the time, Ali Bongo, was ousted after his family had ruled the country for five decades. Coup leader General Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema was sworn in just a week after the ousting and has been the country's head of state till today. Surprisingly, Gabon citizens stormed the streets of the country to jubilate over the military takeover.

Despite the reasons for the military takeover being to alleviate poverty and hardship, most of these nations still suffer from economic hardships .

He is facing charges of defamation and damaging of state reputation. The 41-year-old is also required to pay a fine of 3m CFA francs ($4,900; £3,900), BBC reports.

His lawyer Ibrahim Marhouf Sacko has announced plans to appeal the court’s verdict while maintaining he was “not surprised”.

In his defence in court earlier, Sissoko indicated that his book titled, “Propaganda, Agitation, and Harassment – government communication during the transition in Mali” was factual.

The book labels allegations of manipulation and lies to sway public opinion against the junta.

Human rights groups say Sissoko’s arrest is the latest case in a widespread crackdown on critics and political opponents of the military rulers.

The military junta banned media coverage of politics and suspended political party activities in April 2024, arresting persons who defied the orders.

Junta leader Assimi Goïta came to power in a coup in 2020 following anti-government protests.

The ministers agreed on a text establishing the Confederation of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), a plan that was initially disclosed in February .

"The objective was to finalise the draft text relating to the institutionalization and operationalization of the Confederation of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES)," stated Niger Foreign Minister Bakary Yaou Sangare.

Malian Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop, following a meeting with the head of the Nigerien junta, General Abdourahamane Tiani, declared, "We can consider very clearly, today, that the Confederation of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) has been born."

The heads of state from the three countries are set to formally adopt the text at an upcoming summit, although the exact date is yet to be specified, according to reports by Punch Nigeria .

The three military-ruled West African nations announced their withdrawal from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in a joint statement on January 28. This decision followed sanctions from the regional bloc aimed at pressuring their military leaders to revert to democratic governance.

The three states have also ended their ties with former colonial ruler France . This move followed a series of events beginning with Mali expelling French soldiers in 2022, followed by Niger in early 2023, and Burkina Faso in late 2023. These actions were taken amid accusations that France had failed to curb jihadist violence in the region.

This piece goes deeper into the most widely spoken languages across the globe and the countries they echo the most, according to Ethnologue . Prepare to be surprised by the findings!

English, a language that has transcended its Anglo-Saxon roots to become a global language stands at the apex of language supremacy. With approximately 1.5 billion speakers worldwide, English is the most widely spoken language in the world. It is the primary language of countries like the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. It is also largely spoken in many other countries, including India and South Africa.

Mandarin Chinese is the language with the largest base of native speakers with its 1.1 billion speakers. As the official language of the Republic of China and Taiwan, it also enjoys a significant number of speakers in Singapore and Malaysia.

Hindi, the major lingua franca of India, boasts around 610 million speakers. It is not only spoken in India but also in Nepal, Fiji, and Mauritius. This reflects the Indian diaspora's reach.

The Spanish language, with its 559 million speakers, has a widespread presence not only in Spain but also throughout Latin America, excluding Brazil. It is also one of the most studied languages in the United States and is spoken by a significant number of people in the Philippines.

Known for its diplomatic and colonial history, French has about 310 million speakers globally. It is the official language in France, Belgium, Switzerland, and Canada's Quebec province. It is also spoken in various African countries like Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Mali which were once French colonies.

Modern Standard Arabic serves as a unifying language across the Arab world, from Morocco to Oman. While there are many dialects of Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic is used in media and education. It has 274 million speakers worldwide.

Other languages with a significant number of speakers include Bengali which boasts of 273 million speakers, Portuguese boasts of 264, Russian 255 and Urdu 232. These languages echo in the lives of millions and shape the cultural contours of nations like Bangladesh, Brazil, Russia, and Pakistan, respectively.

Cocaine seizures have witnessed a surge, skyrocketing from an average of 13 kg annually between 2015 and 2020 to 1,466 kg in 2022, the report titled ‘Drug Trafficking in the Sahel ’ disclosed.

“Drug trafficking is well-established in the Sahel region – with detrimental consequences both locally and globally. Increased drug flows to West Africa and the Sahel undermine peace and stability in the region. This is not only a security issue as armed groups are deriving revenue to finance their operations, it is also a public health issue as criminal groups tap into population growth to expand illicit drug markets,” Amado Philip de Andres, head of UNODC agency’s West and Central Africa regional office is quoted.

While specific figures for 2023 remain undisclosed, mid-year data revealed a significant haul of 2.3 tons of cocaine seized in Mauritania alone, indicating the persistent flow of narcotics through Sahelian territories. 

Corruption and money laundering emerge as significant facilitators of drug trafficking, amplifying the challenges faced in combating this transnational crime. Recent crackdowns have uncovered the involvement of a diverse spectrum of individuals in facilitating drug trafficking, ranging from members of the political elite to community leaders and leaders of armed groups, further underscoring the multifaceted nature of this pressing issue.

The region's geographical position has rendered it a key transit point for the budding cocaine trade originating from South America en route to Europe, where demand for the illicit substance has similarly surged, according to reports . Nigeria has emerged as a crucial transit hub, forging growing connections with drug trafficking syndicates from South and Central America.

Lengthy and cumbersome application processes, coupled with high nonrefundable fees, make rejections particularly costly for applicants.

Here's a breakdown of the top 10 countries with the highest Schengen visa rejection rates in 2022:

Algeria:

Algeria has the highest number of applications on the list. There were 392,053 applications and 179,409 rejections, Algerians face a rejection rate ten times higher than that of applicants from Canada, the report suggests. Algeria's rate is pegged at 45.8%.

Guinea-Bissau:

Despite only 7,990 applications, Guinea-Bissau had 3,611 rejections, signifying a 45.2% rejection rate.

Nigeria:

Nigeria, with 86,815 applications and 39,189 rejections, has an almost three-times higher rejection rate compared to applicants from Turkey. The rate stands at 45.1%.

Sri Lanka:

Out of 17,594 applications, 7,691 were rejected, with a rate of 43.7%.

Ghana (43.6%):

Ghana, with 42,124 applications and 18,363 rejections, experiences a rejection rate of 43.6%, which is four times higher than that of Russians.

Haiti :

Despite only 6,270 applications, Haiti sees a rejection rate of 42.4%, specifically 2,655.

Senegal:

With 56,866 applications and 23,683 rejections, the Senegalese rejection rate is 41.6%.

Guinea:

Guinea, with 11,806 applications and 4,791 rejections, faces a high rejection rate of 40.6%

Pakistan :

Out of 76,080 applications, 30,841 were rejected, representing 40.5%

Mali :

With 23,117 applications and 9,219 rejections, Mali rounds out the top 10 with a rejection rate of 39.8%.

By contrast, the report further noted that only one in twenty-five applicants residing in the US, Canada, or the UK were rejected, and one in ten were from Russia.

The Seychelles and Mauritius, along with 61 countries in Latin America and Asia, are exempt from the Schengen visa requirement. Additionally, some African nations like South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia, experience a relatively low rejection rate of less than 7%.

The junta cited the need to preserve public order as the reason for the suspension of political activities.

In a release authorized by the High Authority for Communication, it said, “…The Haute Autorite dela Communication calls on all media (radio, TV, written, and online newspapers) to stop any dissemination and publication of the activities of political parties and of the political activities of associations.

The decision has however been fiercely opposed by the Maison de le Press (Press House) which says the order is absurd. The umbrella body for journalists has therefore urged its members to continue with their works, urging them to “stand tall, remain unified and to mobilise to defend the right of citizens to have access to information”.

Meanwhile, Mali’s National Commission for Human Rights has also expressed concern about the decision on Thursday. It warned the junta the decision could prove harmful.

“Instead of calming the social climate, these restrictions on fundamental rights and freedoms could potentially stir up trouble and tension, which the country does not need,” it said.