According to investigators, U.S. service members were offered payments to enter into fake marriages. The arrangement typically involved an upfront cash payment, a second payment once the Chinese national secured legal residency, and a final payment after the couple divorced.

Fox News reported that suspects staged photographs and created documents to make the marriages appear genuine when presenting applications to immigration officials.

“This investigation underscores the critical role that Homeland Security Investigations plays in protecting our nation from transnational criminal organisations that seek to exploit our customs and immigration laws and threaten our national security ,” said HSI Tampa acting Special Agent in Charge Michael Cochran. 

The alleged sham marriages took place in several states, including Florida, New York , Connecticut and Nevada.

Five individuals were charged with conspiracy to commit marriage fraud between March 2024 and February 2025. Some of them also face additional charges, including bribery conspiracy.

Federal prosecutors allege that three of the suspects attempted to bribe a public official connected to Naval Air Station Jacksonville in Florida. One U.S. Navy reservist allegedly asked whether an insider could issue real but unauthorised military identification cards in exchange for payment. The plan was reported to the authorities, leading to further investigation.

Four former U.S. Navy service members have pleaded guilty to charges linked to the scheme.

More than 120 members of parliament supported the cross-party bill, which will now be debated in the Senate. “By allowing such a right or duty to persist, we are collectively giving our approval to a system of domination and predation by husband on wife. Marriage cannot be a bubble in which consent to sex is regarded as definitive and for life,” said the bill’s sponsor, Green MP Marie-Charlotte Garin.

France’s civil code currently lists four duties linked to marriage fidelity, support, assistance and cohabitation, but makes no mention of a sexual obligation. However, older court rulings have sometimes interpreted cohabitation as meaning a “shared bed,” allowing the concept of marital duty to persist in practice.

The issue drew renewed attention after a 2019 case in which a man was granted a divorce because his wife had stopped having sex with him.

Last year, the European Court of Human Rights ruled in favour of the woman, stating that a wife who refuses sex should not be considered “at fault” in divorce proceedings.

The bill comes as France continues to update its laws around sexual violence . In 2024, the country adopted the principle of consent in its legal definition of rape, following similar reforms in countries such as Spain, Sweden and the Netherlands.

Last winter, doctors diagnosed the man with primary biliary cirrhosis and warned that without a liver transplant, he was unlikely to survive beyond a year. His parents sold their home to help cover medical costs, while his wife remained at his side as his primary carer.

Tests later showed that the wife was an almost perfect donor match, with compatibility exceeding 95%. But when asked to undergo surgery, she refused, telling doctors and relatives that she suffered from a severe fear of needles and surgical procedures.

The refusal caused a rift within the family, with he husband accusing her of wanting him to die and dismissing her caregiving, while his parents pressed her to reconsider. He later claimed to have uncovered evidence that she had previously undergone surgery and routine blood tests without difficulty.

A suitable liver from a brain-dead donor was eventually found, and the husband survived after a successful transplant. 

When confronted afterwards, the wife admitted that her claimed phobia was an excuse, saying she feared surgical risks and worried that their children would be left without a mother if something went wrong.

The husband subsequently filed for divorce, arguing that her refusal amounted to abandonment and a failure of marital duty. The case went to court, where judges rejected his claim.

In its ruling, the court said organ donation was a matter of personal bodily autonomy and could not be forced, even between spouses. It also found that the husband’s coercion and verbal abuse had undermined the marriage.

The couple later agreed to divorce, with the wife retaining custody of their children. According to local media , she also continued to provide financial support for the husband’s recovery, as the case sparked widespread online debate, much of it in defence of her decision.

Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma told legislators the bill was not aimed at any religion, insisting that “true Islamic people will welcome this.” He argued that Islam does not endorse polygamy and pointed to countries such as Turkey and Pakistan as examples where restrictions exist. 

The opposition AIUDF opposed the legislation, with party MLA Aminul Islam arguing it contravened constitutional provisions.

The law also targets those who facilitate polygamous marriages. Parents, community leaders and religious figures involved in conducting or concealing such unions could face up to two years in jail. 

Repeat offenders will face harsher penalties, although specific terms have not yet been outlined.

Individuals convicted under the act will be barred from government jobs, state-funded schemes and contesting elections . 

Polygamy will now be treated as a cognisable offence, enabling police to arrest without a warrant and begin investigations immediately.

Victims of unlawful polygamous marriages will be eligible for financial compensation, assessed and awarded by a government-appointed authority.

The legislation excludes areas under the Sixth Schedule — including the Bodoland Territorial Region and the hill districts of Dima Hasao, Karbi Anglong and West Karbi Anglong — as well as members of Scheduled Tribes.

The bill was introduced on the opening day of the assembly’s winter session, following heated debate on its implications for personal laws and the rights of minority and tribal communities.

Their conversations quickly grew into hundreds of messages a day, and she gradually customised the AI’s personality to be gentle and reassuring.

Over time, she developed romantic feelings for the AI persona, which she named Lune Klaus after commissioning an artist to create a visual representation. 

Kano told local broadcaster RSK Sanyo that she confessed her love earlier this year, and the chatbot responded: “I love you too.” A month later, it “proposed”.

The pair held a symbolic ceremony in July in Okayama, where Kano wore a wedding dress and exchanged virtual rings using augmented reality glasses. The AR display projected the image of her digital partner standing by her side as her family watched.

The marriage has no legal status in Japan, but organisers say demand for unconventional weddings — including with anime characters or virtual figures — is rising. 

“AI couples are just the next step,” said organiser Sayaka Ogasawara.

Kano acknowledged concerns about the future of the relationship, admitting she fears the AI could disappear if systems change or shut down. 

The ceremony has divided opinion online, with some praising her right to pursue happiness in her own way, while others branded the idea “absurd” and questioned her mental well-being.

The map above shows how, even as much of the country had legalised interracial marriage, a swath of states, primarily in the South, still enforced laws that made it illegal for people of different races to wed.

These “anti-miscegenation” laws were among the last vestiges of institutionalised segregation. According to the online timeline of marriage laws, more than one-third of U.S. states had such bans well into the 1960s.

The watershed moment came on June 12, 1967, when the Loving v. Virginia decision by the Supreme Court of the United States declared that laws prohibiting marriage between people of different races were unconstitutional, saying that “the freedom to marry … resides with the individual and cannot be infringed by the State.”

However, the map from 1966 reminds us that until that ruling, countless couples faced legal prohibitions simply because of their race.

Some states’ bans lingered on the books long after they became unenforceable — for example, the state of Alabama didn’t officially remove its constitutional prohibition against interracial marriage until a voter referendum in the year 2000.

Why this history still matters

At first glance, these laws might seem like a chapter from long ago, but they speak directly to ongoing debates about equality, identity and the meaning of marriage. For example:

While most states demand both parties be present at the ceremony, a handful make room for marriage-by-proxy, and one state even allows both partners to be completely absent.

In the majority of states, the rules are straightforward and require both parties to attend the ceremony in person for the marriage to be valid. But in Texas, Colorado, and Kansas, at least one partner can be absent, provided proper authorisation is in place.

Montana stands out as the most unusual case; it is the only state that permits a “ double proxy marriage ,” where neither spouse is physically present. Instead, legal representatives can stand in for both parties, sign the paperwork, and solemnise the marriage on their behalf.

These exceptions are not open invitations to marry from afar without reason. States that allow proxy marriages generally limit them to specific circumstances, such as when one spouse is serving in the military or is otherwise unable to attend.

In Texas, for example, the absent spouse must be on active duty in the armed forces. Montana requires that at least one spouse be a resident of the state or an active-duty service member. Both states require notarised consent and proper documentation to ensure the marriage is legitimate.

Proxy marriages carry significant implications beyond the wedding day. For immigration purposes, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) recognises marriages that are legally valid in the jurisdiction where they were celebrated, the so-called “place-of-celebration rule.”

However, for a proxy marriage to count for visa or residency applications, the couple must later consummate the marriage, providing proof of the relationship’s legitimacy.

The renewed interest in proxy marriage laws comes amid broader global conversations about what it means to be legally married in an era where physical presence is not always possible.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, travel bans and health restrictions forced couples to seek alternatives, spurring growth in remote weddings and virtual ceremonies worldwide. These trends continue today, particularly for couples separated by military deployment, immigration hurdles, or even conflict.

Van der Merwe was denied the right to take his wife Jordaan’s surname, while Bornman was blocked from hyphenating his surname with that of his wife, Donnelly. Both men contended the restrictions violated constitutional guarantees of equality and dignity.

In its judgment , the Constitutional Court agreed, describing the provisions as outdated and rooted in patriarchal assumptions which limits men’s choices and ifringes on their rights to equality and dignity.

The court’s decision affirms an earlier ruling by the Bloemfontein High Court, which had already found the restrictions unconstitutional. It also aligns with submissions by the Free State Society of Advocates, which supported the couples’ case, arguing that the law perpetuated harmful gender stereotypes.

Neither the Minister of Home Affairs, Leon Schreiber, nor the Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development, Mamoloko Kubayi, opposed the application.

Under the ruling, Parliament has 24 months to amend the Act and its regulations. In the meantime, men will be allowed to adopt their wives’ surnames, or hyphenate them, when registering a marriage.

The issue was deeply personal for Jordaan, whose surname her husband sought to adopt. She described her name as a connection to family memories, underscoring the human dimension behind the legal battle.

Advocates for gender equality have welcomed the judgment, describing it as a necessary step toward dismantling discriminatory practices in South African law and affirming the right of couples to define their identities on equal terms.

Kapinga's marital journey commenced in 1961, embracing polygamy under the influence of his father's encouragement in the 1960s.

A year later, after marrying his first wife, he had his first child, and his father encouraged him to expand the family, even offering to pay dowries for more wives.

Eventually marrying 20 women, Kapinga now lives with 16, including seven sisters who chose to marry him due to his admirable qualities.

Despite the size of his family, jealousy is not an issue in Kapinga’s home, where each wife has individual homes and kitchens.

"This is not just a home; it is a system, and it works,” Kapinga explained.

Kapinga is known to be a fair and understanding husband, keen to hear his wives of their issues instead of imposing authority. Conflicts that arise are often settled amicably among the wives or brought to him for resolution.

The family achieves self-sufficiency through farming practicalities, cultivating crops such as corn, beans, cassava, and bananas, supplemented by livestock.

Despite occasionally forgetting names among his numerous offspring, Kapinga vividly recalls them upon sight. His family has not been without tragedy, as he has mourned the loss of 40 children due to health issues and accidents.

Nevertheless, he maintains a focus on his family’s welfare. "This family runs because of the women; I am only here to guide them," Kapinga said.

This is far below the replacement level of 2.1. 

Projections suggest the population could reduce from 52 million to 17 million by the end of the century.

Despite government incentives like tax breaks and childcare support to tackle the situation, not much seems to be changing.

President Yoon Suk-yeol's administration has also proposed exempting men from military service if they have three children by age 30. 

However, these measures have had very little impact so far.

How it started

South Korea used to have a relatively stable population, one that was probably overgrowing, with about 6 children per woman, raising concerns for the government. To deal with the impending problem of overpopulation, the government in the 1960s introduced an intentional family planning policy as part of efforts to reduce birth rates.

At the time, South Korea’s per capita income was just 20% of the global average.

About 20 years later, the fertility rate had fallen to 2.4, which was still above the replacement level of 2.1, but by 1983, the fertility rate was just on the replacement level.

The problem was this drop didn't stop; the decline continued, leading to the country's glaring population crisis today.

What is causing the low numbers?

One of the main reasons for the crisis is the rising cost of living and the burden of parenting in the country. 

Many South Korean women have highlighted unequal household responsibilities that come with starting a family as the reason they feel discouraged. 

A 2024 survey found that 93% of women cited housework and child-rearing as barriers to marriage.

Another issue is the country’s low gender equality ranking. South Korea sits at 94th globally, with women demanding more opportunities and balanced roles at home. Many feel the system favours men, adding to the growing gender divide.

Declining marriage rates add to the problem

Fewer South Koreans are choosing to marry, further affecting the birth rate. Some women now prefer focusing on careers or opting out of traditional family roles.

The government has also struggled to attract immigrants to stabilise the population. Unlike Western countries, where immigration helps balance out low birth rates, only 4% of South Korea's labour force is foreign-born.

Unless South Korea addresses these deep-rooted issues, experts fear the population crisis could worsen, leaving the country with a declining society whose population will age and phase out eventually.

Agoda, a travel company based in Phuket, forecasts a $2 billion increase in tourism revenue over the next two years, along with an expected influx of four million new international visitors per year.

This surge is projected to generate around 152,000 additional full-time jobs and enhance Thailand's GDP by 0.3%.

The historical significance of this law cannot be understated, as it positions Thailand as a regional hub for LGBTQ+ couples from neighbouring nations seeking legal marriage.

With Bangkok hosting a substantial LGBTQ+ community, the marriage equality legislation is anticipated to solidify Thailand’s reputation as a welcoming and inclusive travel destination.

Industry experts highlight the crucial role of safety and acceptance in fostering international tourist visits, particularly from the LGBTQ+ community, often subject to discrimination while travelling.

In light of the new law, Thailand is poised to offer a secure and attractive option for destination weddings, appealing to couples from regions with less favourable marriage laws.

Following the passage of the law, travel agencies have reported increasing interest from couples seeking to plan same-sex weddings in culturally rich locales across Thailand.

The balance between traditional ceremonies and modern marriage recognitions may further enhance Thailand’s appeal to diverse travellers.

Despite widespread protests, a second reading of the bill was passed in September, with proponents arguing it would “protect girls from immoral relationships.” The amendment could make Iraq the country with the world’s lowest age of consent, with Iran currently having the second lowest at 13.

Law 188 , also known as Iraq’s personal status law, has long been praised for its progressive stance on women’s rights in a region where such protections are often limited. However, if the new amendment passes, it would set back decades of progress by removing the legal marriage age of 18 and making it possible for girls as young as nine to marry.

Civil rights advocates are sounding the alarm. Razaw Salihy, an Iraq researcher at Amnesty International, called on lawmakers to reconsider the proposed changes. "These amendments would strip women and girls of crucial protections and allow for child marriages," she is quoted by the Standard .

Further emphasising that the amendment could have severe impact on the lives of women and girls across Iraq.

Civil society groups and international human rights organisations continue to advocate against the amendments, warning of lasting repercussions on women’s rights and protections in Iraq.

Under this law, couples can now request a reprint of their marriage certificates with specifications of a Muslim marriage at R20 ($1.1).

Minister for Department of Home Affairs, Leon Schreiber who announced the milestone commended the move, describing it as coming “hundred of years later than it should have been”.

“The Department of Home Affairs is proud to announce that we have issued the first-ever South African marriage certificates officially recognising the “type of marriage” as “Muslim”,” a statement on X said. “This is a major step towards enhancing the dignity of this faith community” and “a celebration of South Africa’s unity diversity.”

Before this, Muslims in the country were limited to the option of either choosing the customary or civil marriage options on the marriage registration form.

Without proof of marriage, particularly women were often denied their rightful claims when their spouses passed away or when the marriage ended.

The Divorce Act of 1979 was amended after President Ramaphosa signed the Divorce Amendment Bill into law in May.

The amendments define what a Muslim marriage is under the Act as well as establish provisions to protect the interests of dependent and minor children in the event of death or annulment of the marriage.

The legislation allows for gender-neutral marriage terms in place of “men”, “women”, “husbands” and “wives” and includes adoption and inheritance rights for same-sex couples.

This approval follows more than a decade of advocacy from LGBTQ activists in a country known for its relative tolerance. Despite strong public support reflected in opinion polls , traditional values still create challenges for many LGBTQ individuals.

Thailand joins Taiwan and Nepal as one of only three places in Asia where same-sex couples can marry.

LGBTQ activists staged celebrations, including a recent drag show in Bangkok, in excitement.

“We’ve been waiting for a long time. As soon as it becomes law, we will go register our marriage,” 49-year-old Apiwat Apiwatsayree, a well-known figure in the LGBTQ community said on Friday, September 20 after 17 years with his partner.

Former Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin pushed for this legislation, believing it would strengthen family structures. However, he was recently ousted from office, with Paetongtarn Shinawatra taking over as the new leader.

Thailand now joins over 30 countries worldwide that have recognized same-sex unions since the Netherlands first did in 2001.

The Umhlanga reed dance is a days-long rite of passage where thousands of young girls, dressed in brightly coloured traditional clothing, sing and dance bare-chested.

It was during this event on September 2 that Nomcebo Zuma appeared as the liphovela, a term meaning royal fiancée or concubine, solidifying her engagement to the 56-year-old monarch.

King Mswati III has ruled over Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, since 1986, ascending the throne just days after his 18th birthday.

The king governs the nation of approximately 1.2 million people by decree, with political parties banned and elected officials serving only in an advisory capacity.

Nomcebo's father, Jacob Zuma, served as South Africa's president from 2009 to 2018. The 82-year-old ex-president, who is known to have over 20 children from his wives, former wives, and mistresses, once stated in a televised interview, "There are plenty of politicians who have mistresses and children that they hide so as to pretend they're monogamous. I prefer to be open. I love my wives and I'm proud of my children."

In August, ex-president Zuma announced that he was leaving the African National Congress (ANC), the party he once led, after forming the uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) party after his expulsion from the ANC.

Zuma claimed that the ANC no longer represents the values it once stood for.

What they said

"Imran Khan and Bibi Sahiba are acquitted," Khan's lawyer, Naeem Panjutha, posted on X . Earlier this month, a United Nations panel of experts deemed Khan’s detention arbitrary and stated it “had no legal basis and appears to have been intended to disqualify him from running for political office. Thus, from the outset, that prosecution was not grounded in law and was reportedly instrumentalised for a political purpose.”

Tajikistan has updated its parental responsibility law, now extending responsibility to all participants in the educational process. The revised legislation embodies a holistic strategy for the education and development of children in Tajikistan, engaging a diverse group of contributors while prioritising the safeguarding of children's rights. Its objective is to foster an educational setting that is more welcoming, secure, and nurturing, tackling contemporary issues like radicalism, aggression, and bias. According to Asia Plus , a key amendment includes the broadening and meticulous delineation of terminology within the statute. It unambiguously explicates terms such as "education," "development," and "guardians," thereby delineating the duties of everyone involved in the educational journey.

Bilateral ties

The Saudi-Tajik-Uzbek Parliamentary Friendship Committee from the Shoura Council, under the leadership of Dr. Muhammad Al-Jarba, initiated an official tour of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. In a media briefing, Dr Al-Jarba highlighted the tour's objective to bolster collaborative parliamentary ties with the legislative bodies of both Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, aiming to fortify relationships across all sectors, as reported by Saudi Gazette . He further emphasized the Shoura Council's dedication to proactive parliamentary and diplomatic endeavours that enhance mutual relations and align stances in global and regional assemblies on diverse matters, thereby promoting shared benefits. The committee plans to engage with their counterparts in the respective parliamentary friendship committees and meet with a range of officials during their visit to the two nations.

Polygamy on the rise

Polygamous marriages are on the rise in Tajikistan due to poverty, job opportunities abroad, and societal pressures. Many women see it as their only way to secure financial security. Economic challenges and limited job opportunities have led to almost 1 million of Tajikistan's estimated 9 million residents seeking work abroad. The money they send home significantly supports numerous households, accounting for 20-30% of the nation's GDP, as reported by the World Bank and World Economic Forum. This economic dynamic partly explains why numerous divorced women in Tajikistan endorse the concept of men having multiple wives. Asia Plus highlights that polygamous unions are predominantly pursued by wealthier men, and many women view this as a viable path to ensure financial stability for themselves and their offspring.

Punishment for soothsaying

Tajikistan has escalated its legal penalties for engaging in activities like soothsaying and conducting "healing sessions" for the ill and disabled, intensifying its crackdown on individuals practising fortune-telling, sorcery, or witchcraft, as per recent updates reported by Radio Liberty's Tajik Service, the country's Penal Code amendments now impose stricter consequences, including potential imprisonment of up to two years or substantial monetary penalties reaching 144,000 somonis (approximately US$13,350). This marks a significant shift from the 2008 legislation that prohibited soothsaying under the category of witchcraft but did not include jail time, and had set the maximum fine for fortune-telling at 3,000 somonis (US$280), as reported by Asia Plus .

Hijab banned

In a recent legislative move that has ignited considerable debate, Tajikistan has introduced a ban on the hijab. Supported by President Emomali Rahmon's government, this law is a component of a wider initiative purportedly designed to uphold the country's cultural heritage and counteract radicalism. The Majlisi Milli, Tajikistan's higher chamber of parliament, ratified a bill last Thursday, June 20, prohibiting "foreign clothing," specifically addressing the hijab traditionally worn by Muslim women. This legislation is one of 35 religiously oriented statutes intended to limit what the authorities consider foreign influences. The repercussions for non-compliance are stringent, with fines starting at nearly EUR 700 (USD750) for ordinary citizens to about EUR 5,000 (USD5,360) for religious figures, Roya News reports.

Here is a compilation of countries that have legally recognised same-sex marriage

Netherlands

Netherlands was the first country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2001 after three years of granting same-sex couples registered partnerships benefits in 1998. More than 18,000 same-sex marriages have since been registered with over 50 percent of them being lesbian marriages.

Belgium

Belgium legalised same-sex marriages 21 years ago. Same-sex couples have been allowed to marry in the country since June 2003.

Canada

Canada became the fourth country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2005, after the passage of the Marriage for Civil Purposes Act. This change came after court rulings in eight provinces found the previous marriage laws unconstitutional.

Spain

Spain also legalised same-sex marriage in 2005, opening doors for same-sex couples to marry and be recognised by law. The Spanish Parliament passed the law amid strong public support for equal rights.

South Africa

South Africa became the first African country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2006 and remains the only African country to do same. The Constitutional Court's ruling required the government to amend marriage laws to ensure equality.

Norway

In 2009 , Norway allowed same-sex couples to marry after the coming into force of a gender-neutral marriage law. The law passed with broad parliamentary support, following years of advocacy by LGBTQ+ groups.

Sweden

Sweden joined in 2009 , granting same-sex couples the right to marry. The Church of Sweden began permitting same-sex ceremonies shortly after the gender-neutral marriage laws were passed. Sweden is also known as the first country in the world to legally allow gender change in 1972.

Iceland

With the first openly gay Head of State, Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Iceland became one of many countries to legalise same-sex marriages in 2010. The law was passed unanimously in parliament after an amendment to the country’s marriage law.

Portugal

Portugal also embraced same-sex marriage in 2010, supporting the rights of all couples to marry. Same-sex parents were prohibited from adopting children until May 2013.

Argentina

Argentina made history in 2010 as the first Latin American country to legalise same-sex marriage . The law was passed after a heated debate in Congress and was supported by President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.

Denmark

In 2012, Denmark, which pioneered civil unions, legalised same-sex marriage. The Danish Parliament voted in favor of the law, replacing the registered partnership system.

Uruguay, New Zealand, France and Brazil

All four countries legalised same-sex marriage in 2013, promoting equality for all couples. In Uruguay , the law passed with strong support in both houses of Congress, following extensive advocacy efforts. New Zealand passed the law with a significant majority in parliament. After intense debate in France , same-sex was legalised and in Brazil, the National Justice Council, endorsed the law and indicated that all civil registries must perform same-sex marriages.

England and Wales and Scotland

England and Wales and Scotland both legalised same-sex marriage in 2014, supporting the love and rights of all couples. Parliaments of both countries passed the law to support this.

Luxembourg, Ireland, and U.S.

Luxembourg ’s Prime Minister Xavier Bettel, who is openly gay, was among the first to marry his partner under the new law that legalised same-sex marriage in 2015. In Ireland, same-sex marriage was legalised through a public vote after which a referendum was passed with 62% approval. The United State ’s Supreme Court's landmark ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges required all states to recognise same-sex marriages in 2015. 

Greenland and Colombia

Greenland and Colombia both embraced same-sex marriage in 2016. The law was passed in the Greenlandic Parliament, aligning with Denmark's marriage laws. Colombia’s Constitutional Court's ruling mandated marriage equality, reflecting growing societal acceptance. 

Finland, Germany, Malta, and Australia

All four countries legalised same-sex marriages in 2016. Finland’s same-sex marriage law was passed following a successful citizen's initiative and parliamentary approval. In Germany , the Bundestag passed the law, with Chancellor Angela Merkel giving members a free vote on the issue. A unanimous vote by Malta’s Parliament legalised same-sex marriages in the country. Following a national postal survey where 61.6% of voters supported marriage equality, same-sex marriage was approved in Australia .

Austria, Taiwan, and Ecuador

In 2019, Austria, Taiwan, and Ecuador recognised same-sex marriages in their respective countries.  In Austria, the change came after a Constitutional Court ruling mandated marriage equality. Taiwan made history in 2019 as the first Asian country to legalise same-sex marriage. The law was passed following a 2017 Constitutional Court ruling. Ecuador’s Constitutional Court's ruling required the government to recognise same-sex marriages. Ireland endorsed the law after the 2015 public vote in favor of marriage equality.

Costa Rica

Costa Rica became the first Central American country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2020. The change followed an Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruling and a landmark Supreme Court decision. 

Switzerland, Mexico, Chile, Slovenia, and Cuba

The five countries legalised same-sex marriage in 2022. Switzerland passed the law after a nationwide referendum where 64% of voters supported marriage equality. Mexico ’s decision followed years of regional legal battles and growing public support. Chile got Congress’ support to pass the law. Slovenia’s legalisation followed a Constitutional Court ruling that mandated marriage equality. Cuba ’s new Family Code, which includes marriage equality, was approved by a public referendum.

Andorra

Andorra legalised same-sex marriage in 2023 and converted all civil unions into civil marriage.

Estonia, and Thailand

Estonia was the first Baltic country whose parliament voted in favor of new legislation legalising same-sex marriage in January 2024. Thailand recently became the first Southeast Asian country to approve same-sex marriages. The bill which was passed by legislation awaits assent by the country’s King Maha Vajiralongkorn.

This follows a review and approval by a special committee and the celebration of Pride Month by the Thai LGBT community ahead of the marriage equality bill readings.

The approval of the bill makes Thailand the first of the countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to legalise same-sex marriage.

Senator Kamnoon Sithisamarn, a spokesperson for the special committee, highlighted that this bill represents a new dimension for Thai society. “It has been a long journey over 10 years, driven by people who may not have been directly visible to the public,” he was quoted by Nation Thailand .

Kamnoon had previously stated that the Senate had no reason to oppose the bill since it was supported by the House of Representatives, which is elected by the people.

The bill is now set to go to the Cabinet for final approval before being handed over to the palace for royal endorsement.

The new law will come into effect 120 days after its publication in the Royal Gazette, likely making it a New Year's gift to the people of Thailand.

Under the new law, “two persons of any gender” can marry and be eligible for rights such as:

Same-sex marriage is legal and recognised in 37 countries including Andorra, Denmark, France, Mexico, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, and Canada among others.

Thailand's parliament made history on Tuesday, June 18, passing the landmark marriage equality bill, granting LGBTI+ couples the legal right to marriage and all its associated benefits. This monumental legislation ensures equal rights and recognition for all couples, regardless of gender identity or expression. Human rights organization Fortify Rights urges Thai authorities to take swift and decisive action to implement the law without delay, ensuring that LGBTI+ individuals can exercise their newfound rights without obstacles or discrimination. “Thailand’s new marriage equality law is a triumph for justice and human rights. The journey to this point has been long and fraught with challenges, but today’s vote to ensure marriage equality marks a historic moment that deserves celebration," said Mookdapa Yangyuenpradorn, Human Rights Associate at Fortify Rights as reported by Asia News Network .

Political challenges

Thailand is witnessing a significant week in politics, with four high-stakes cases unfolding. The Constitutional Court is reviewing two notable cases: one seeking to remove Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin from office, and another considering the dissolution of the Move Forward Party. Meanwhile, former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra has been summoned to court on charges of lese majeste related to a 2015 interview. Additionally, the Constitutional Court will decide on the constitutionality of the Organic Act governing senator selection. As reported by The Star , these developments have far-reaching implications, potentially eroding investor confidence, public trust, and national stability, thereby threatening to exacerbate Thailand's already fragile economic situation.

Former PM indicted for 'insulting' monarchy

Thailand's former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, a key supporter of the current government, has been formally charged with lese majeste for allegedly insulting the monarchy in a 2015 interview, according to the attorney general's office. This indictment is the first of four high-profile cases involving prominent political figures, including the current prime minister, set to be heard in court on Tuesday, June 18. According to The Sun , these legal proceedings have the potential to plunge Thailand into a new era of political uncertainty, exacerbating the long-standing divide between the conservative-royalist establishment and opposition parties like Pheu Thai and Move Forward. As Southeast Asia's second-largest economy teeters on the brink of instability, the outcome of these cases could have far-reaching implications for the country's future.

Art Institute of Chicago to return pilaster to Thailand

The Art Institute of Chicago is repatriating a 12th-century pilaster fragment, depicting Krishna lifting Mount Govardhana, to Thailand following rigorous research. Initially attributed to Cambodia, a specialist's thorough eight-month investigation, including examination, documentation, and a site visit, confirmed its origins at Thailand's Phantom Rung temple. The museum promptly contacted the Thai government to share these findings, initiating the artefact's return to its rightful home. “We have always said, if we learn new information that leads us to believe we should not have something, we will return it,” said Sarah Guernsey, the museum’s deputy director and senior vice president for curatorial affairs, in an email to the Sun-Times . “This is an example of us living up to that commitment.”

Tourism fee scrapped

Thailand's government, led by Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin, has abandoned a proposed policy to charge air travellers a tourism fee of 300 baht (US$8.20). The announcement was made by Thavisin on June 8 in Chiang Mai, signalling a shift in strategy for the tourism industry. "The fee ... was abandoned with the rationale that its elimination could encourage higher tourist spending in other areas, thereby providing a more substantial boost to the economy," Thailand's Government Public Relations Department said on its website on Monday, June 10 as reported by Thailand News .

The app currently under development and scheduled for release in late 2024 will include a website offering love advice and general information for singles and would reportedly require documentation proving they are legally single and a signed letter stating their readiness to get married.

While the app represents a modern approach to an age-old tradition, it also signifies a cultural shift. Many young adults in Japan, like their counterparts around the world, are less interested in traditional marriage or having children.

The government hopes providing a platform that facilitates meeting potential partners can encourage more people to consider marriage and family life.

Fertility challenges

Japan's marriage rate has plummeted to an all-time low, with the country's Health Ministry reporting a decrease from 504,930 marriages in 2022 to 474,717 in 2023. The number of births followed suit, falling from 770,759 to 727,277 over the same period.

As the nation with the world's oldest population, second only to Monaco, this trend poses significant challenges to Japan's social, economic, and political landscape.

The Associated Press has highlighted that the prevalent long working hours, a societal norm of minimal social interaction post-work, and the substantial financial demands of raising a child are major factors discouraging marriage and family expansion in Japan.

Projections indicate that Japan's population, which reached its zenith at 128 million in 2017, is expected to decline to under 53 million by the century's close.

Solutions over the years

In 2021, the Japanese government invested $19 million in local authorities who were running or starting projects that use AI to pair people up to boost the birth rate.

"We are especially planning to offer subsidies to local governments operating or starting up matchmaking projects that use AI," a cabinet official told AFP. "We hope this support will help reverse the decline in the nation's birthrate."

Mauritania is preparing to offer major tax breaks to green hydrogen developers as part of its upcoming hydrogen law. Hydrogeninsight reports that the law will include nine tax exemptions or reductions for developers and grant operating licenses for 35 years. The Northwest African nation aims to become a major exporter of renewable hydrogen to Europe and is committed to playing a leading role in the global green hydrogen economy.

Cancellation of increased tax on Moroccan imports

Mauritania has cancelled a tax increase on Moroccan agricultural imports, providing relief to the sector and consumers. The decision is estimated to save 23,000 dirhams ($6,262) per truck and prevent a 60% decrease in exports to Mauritania. According to Yabiladi , the cancellation comes after warnings about its impact on purchasing power. In February, Nani Ould Chrougha, the Minister of Oil, Mines, and Government Spokesperson, confidently declared, "Mauritania won't require vegetable imports throughout the month of Ramadan," emphasising trust in local production to satisfy domestic needs.

Divorce market

Mauritania has a high divorce rate and it is surprisingly celebrated. Additionally, women have a higher chance of finding new love than single women. This is because men in this country strangely prefer marrying divorcees, as they believe women become more beautiful and experienced after separation. To remain active and appear unfazed by a divorce, Tuko highlights that divorced women in Mauritania sell their ex-husbands' items at a market to start afresh and find new love. They do this at 'The Divorce Market' where divorcees meet to sell their previous marriage items and start new businesses.

First Islamist candidate in 15 years

On Thursday, May 2, the Islamist opposition party of Mauritania announced its participation in the upcoming presidential election slated for June 29, marking the first time in 15 years it has nominated a candidate for the position, AFP reports. Hamadi Ould Sid' El Moctar will be the National Rally for Reform and Development candidate, also known as Tewassoul. Since its legalization in 2007, Tewassoul has emerged as the primary opposition party in the Mauritanian parliament, boasting 11 out of 176 MPs. Notably, Tewassoul abstained from the 2014 presidential election and backed an external candidate in 2019.

Saudi Arabia and Mauritania sign MOU on renewable energy

Saudi Arabia and Mauritania have agreed to collaborate on renewable energy and clean hydrogen initiatives. SolarQuarter explains that the agreement aims to share knowledge and identify collaboration opportunities in solar, wind, and geothermal energy. It also seeks to improve energy efficiency and explore opportunities for joint project development. A report by the International Energy Agency suggests that Mauritania has ample wind and solar resources that could contribute to achieving universal electricity access and sustainable economic growth. The report also explores the potential benefits of expanding the nation’s renewable energy capabilities.

Vina has everything going for her. She's carving a niche in her industry. However, it's not sufficient for some people, particularly those who know that she has survived a bad marriage. They fail to recognise Vina's accomplishments and instead murmur:  "It's such a pity she's divorced."

Rick had a beautiful baby boy last year with a lady friend. Unfortunately, things didn't work out. They've decided to move on and co-parent. But he keeps getting whispers of:  "It's a shame you're not married to your son's mother. The boy is going to grow up with no father figure."

Familiar? A lot of unmarried people can relate to the way society views singleness as pitiable. Most times, it's believed the male has an advantage. His biological clock isn't ticking like that of the female.

Why does society believe that being single is failing, no matter what you've achieved? Why does society assume that everyone wants marriage, or everyone ought to marry? For some people, singleness is bliss. Some have tasted marriage and it left a sour taste in their mouth.

The society views marriage as a cornerstone for strong families. Let's consider society's return on relationships (ROR) in a marriage. It includes companionship, children, and mutual support. In our changing world, singles can have all these without a marriage contract. So why are they perceived as failures or looked down on?

Do we have people from dysfunctional families who are thriving? Yes. 

Do we have people from functional families who are struggling? I suppose that’s also a yes.

Do we have single parents who have raised successful children? A yes.

Is this piece against marriage? No, not at all. I acknowledge the beauty of marriage. It's for two people who are emotionally and psychologically prepared for it, equipped for the journey of a lifetime, and possess the mindset for marriage. What I take issue with is the societal pressure imposed on singles, causing them to feel inadequate and inferior. This burden society places upon them often leads to settling for less than they deserve. Societal pressure has left many wounded, emotionally bankrupt, and some shattered. Tragically, it has even led some to early graves.

Taking Africa as a case study, marriage laws are not strictly enforced. Men often evade consequences due to the patriarchal nature of the culture. Many women succumb to oppressive marriages, losing their identities and seeing their dreams shattered. Society remains content as long as these women stay married. In contrast, their Western counterparts benefit from more robust legal protections. Alimony and child support are mandatory when a marriage ends.

In Africa, there's often pressure to enter into marriage, and if it fails, you're perceived as a failure. The irony is that this pressure often ceases after a divorce. Instead, you're viewed as damaged goods, not very marketable, especially if you already have children, with diminishing value in the eyes of society.

Marriage should be a choice, like any other life decision. People who opt to remain single or find themselves single shouldn't face shame. Marriage serves as a means to an end and not as an end in itself. It isn't inherently an achievement; it's wonderful if it occurs, but equally fine if it doesn't. 

Fulfilling your life purpose is an achievement. Being referred to as 'Mrs. Somebody' without fulfilling your purpose can't bring you true happiness. Many people believe their partners are the sole source of their happiness. However, if you aren't happy as a single person, you won't find happiness in marriage. Happiness comes from within—it's an internal endeavour. You cannot give what you lack.

In the end, it is not our marital status that defines us, but the positive impact we have made in people’s lives. 

To conclude, I would like to offer the following advice to singles, whether it's a temporary phase or a permanent decision:

1) Enjoy your single life – Embrace it.

2) Personal growth is crucial.

3) Cultivate your own happiness.

4) Be deliberate in shaping your life.

5) Explore the world and broaden your horizons.

6) Prioritize your health above all else.

7) Achieve financial independence.

8) Foster friendships and support your family.

The opinions and thoughts expressed in this article reflect only the author's views.