The videos include images of shops said to belong to people from other African countries being vandalised and/or looted. There have also been videos of people said to be of other African nationalities being chased or beaten, school children demanding the removal of their foreign-born classmates, and the video of a Ghanaian national being questioned about his immigration status by a group of more than ten South Africans, including anti-immigration activist Victoria Africa. 

These xenophobic attacks, as they’re being called on digital and mainstream media, are not new to South Africa. As Africa’s most industrialised nation since the late 19th century, South Africa has always attracted people from different parts of the continent and beyond. It has, since the 1980s, been a refuge for Mozambicans fleeing the civil war in their country. And since the 1990s, it has attracted thousands of economic migrants from Zimbabwe seeking a better life.

Years of deprivation and unemployment, especially among Black South Africans, have, however, left many of them feeling less secure about their economic prospects today as migrants land jobs or start their own businesses in South Africa. 

The earliest reported cases of xenophobic attacks in South Africa, according to South African History Online, date back at least to 1994. According to the website, “In December 1994 and January 1995, armed youth gangs in the Alexandra Township outside of Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, destroyed the homes and property of suspected undocumented migrants and marched the individuals down to the local police station where they demanded that the foreigners be forcibly and immediately removed.” 

Three decades on, not much has changed when it comes to how some Black South Africans feel about their fellow Africans living and working in their country. Perhaps, the main difference today is the brazen manner in which some of them carry out their attacks or acts of intimidation against other African nationals as smartphone cameras capture the encounter. 

 Census data from Statistics South Africa indicates that there were 2.4 million international migrants in the country as of 2022. They represented a little over three percent of the country’s total population at the time of 62 million. Of the international migrant numbers, over 80 percent were from the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Out of that number, nearly 50 percent were from Zimbabwe followed by Mozambique with 18.7 percent. 

Though  international migrants make up a sliver of the populace, some of them have reportedly been involved in criminal activities, as South African journalist Kenneth Mokgatlhe told me. 

“With the social and economic issues which are obviously facing the country, most of them, especially crime, is being blamed on foreigners. This might be because some of the crimes, such as cash-in-transit, you find that it is committed largely by people from Zimbabwe. Most of the time when people are apprehended, you find that there are always foreign nationals, especially the Zimbabweans, and then you’ve got the drug trafficking, which is a huge issue at the moment,” he said. 

A commission of inquiry investigating the infiltration of criminal elements into the government heard allegations of drug cartels operating in South Africa. Kenneth says the drug trafficking ring is largely made up of foreign nationals from around the world. This discovery, he says, has heightened security concerns for many. “So that is why you are seeing this organisation coming forth because they have lost confidence in the political system.”

But as is the case with most protests, the underlying currents for the recent activities by the March and March movement are not only social and economic, but also political.

While ActionSA, founded by former Johannesburg Mayor Herman Mashaba, explicitly calls for an overhaul of the country’s immigration system to “attract skilled migrants while clamping down on the influx of undocumented migrants through our porous borders,” the Patriotic Alliance, the party to which Victoria Africa is aligned, says on its website that it has “zero tolerance for illegal immigration”. 

Though the stances of these two parties are clear, Kenneth explains that the upcoming November 4 local government elections have made it difficult for some political parties to take a clear position on the matter.

“You have the ANC, which is defending this protest because they realise that they have got huge political and electoral implications, so they don’t want to denounce the ongoing marches. The only party that is against the ongoing marches is the EFF,” Kenneth says, adding that the ANC’s general secretary, however, “has vowed to support the ongoing protest, but on government platforms, that is where they’re trying to condemn it and to call for law and order.”

 The party positions aside, the lack of enforcement of labour regulations is another major contributory factor to the recent wave of anti-migrant protests.

The government’s seeming inaction when it comes to labour laws has made it possible for some companies to employ illegal immigrants desperate to eek out a living and exploit them by paying them less than the minimum wage. It has also given room to enterprising Somalis and Ethiopians, for instance, to operate local convenience stores known as spaza shops, even if they do not have the requisite documentation, a move Kenneth says is putting spaza shops operated by South Africans at a disadvantage. All these, he notes, create tension between South Africans and the migrants. 

“I think that it is the government which is causing this conflict,” Kenneth says. “What has happened between 1994 and now is that the ANC has collapsed the state and as such, people in the last election tried to vote the ANC out but they ultimately did not get one winner, so the ANC is still presiding over the government. But people know. They understand that the ANC has run down the government and the state does not have the capacity as it used to under the white rule of the national party which is known as the apartheid system. But because of the frustrations, then they get to blame the wrong person. I think that they should be blaming and pointing their finger at the government.”

In his first address to the nation since the countries started evacuating its citizens following the anti-immigration protests, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa acknowledged the economic and immigration challenges facing his nation.  

“South Africa faces persistently high levels of unemployment, especially amongst our young people,” the president said. “Too many families are struggling to make ends meet. The cost of living is very high for many of the people of South Africa. Too many communities are experiencing poverty and inadequate access to opportunities. In such circumstances, frustration can easily be directed to those perceived to be competitors for jobs and resources.” 

With a 32.7 percent unemployment rate, 60 percent of which is people between the ages of 15 and 24, it is easy to understand why many aggrieved South Africans would buy into the idea of blaming immigrants for taking their jobs. And they are not the first to think so. With nationalism on the rise globally, immigration has become a flashpoint issue, bringing to the mainstream the belief across the US and Europe that immigrants compete with locals for jobs.  

While that may not always be the case, a recent video posted to X might explain why the South African case may not be based solely on perception but on reality.

In the video, Victoria Africa appeals to a business owner to employ “locals”. The businessman tells her that he employs locals but, “You know the struggle. Monday is a problem.” He is alluding to a widespread belief that the average South African worker would not show up for work for days once they’re paid. Victoria Africa does not dispute the fact.

Instead, she tells the business owner that, “We will take full accountability. We’ll give you the people. We’ll ensure that they comply. We’ll ensure that they come to work on time and we’re not going to interfere especially if a person comes and disrespects your business or does not follow protocol or does not want to comply. You’ve got every right to take action. And we cannot protect people that don’t want to come to work.” 

This begs the question, if the locals’ attitude to work is unsatisfactory to employers, is it fair to then blame or accuse immigrants of taking jobs meant for South Africans? The illegal immigrant’s fault in this case might be their willingness to take a job that would pay them something far less than what the average South African might be willing to take. And that is simply because they want to survive in a foreign land miles away from home. Also, businesses do not like to run at a loss. They all hope to make profits, no matter how small they are and as a result, they’ll only be interested in workers who will show up for work when they have to. 

As President Ramaphosa said in his Sunday evening address, “illegal immigration is not the cause of all our economic challenges. There are other causes.”

Unfortunately, that pronouncement has come a little too late, as the March and March movement and their supporters have already succeeded in turning the hearts of many South Africans against their fellow Africans.

Since Ghana airlifted some 300 of its citizens home, other African countries have followed suit. Malawi on Saturday, June 6, bused home 150 of its citizens from the Western Cape province. Mozambique has also shuttled over 500 of its nationals home from South Africa. Nigeria is expected to airlift between 2000 and 4000 of its citizens out of South Africa this week. Are there more countries planning to evacuate their citizens? 

For now, South Africa is back in the spotlight for a practice it has engaged in time and again for over three decades, which is anchored on the premise that immigrants, rather than the government’s failure to deliver on its promises, are responsible for the poverty and high unemployment rates they face. But immigration is a global phenomenon. Who’s to say citizens of another African country would not rise up in the days ahead against South Africans in their country or against other African nationals? 

As the push for a “borderless Africa” gains momentum, this latest episode from South Africa should serve as a teaching moment for leaders across the continent. Rwanda, Kenya, Ghana, and Benin, among others, have in recent years rolled out e-visa programs for Africans to encourage intra-continental travel. A laudable idea in principle, but when the number of visitors starts to soar, and immigration policies are tested, how many of them would survive because of their robust immigration policies and how many would have to hit the pause button? 

President Ramaphosa on Sunday listed five action points he hopes would address the issue of illegal migration: cracking down on violations of South Africa’s immigration, labour and other laws, preventing illegal entry, stamping out corruption in the immigration system, strengthening immigration policies, and engaging other African countries to “forge a broader response to migration challenges across our continent and regions”.

It would be great if the fifth point in particular is tabled at the next meeting of African leaders or their foreign ministers so that the dream of making travel across Africa easier and faster with e-visas can become true for every single country on the continent without citizens having to worry that their brothers and sisters from across the continent are coming for their jobs. 

But even as President Ramaphosa has promised to address the issue of the economy and immigration, there are still a few questions that still bug me. What happens later this month when the June 30 ultimatum issued by the protesters is up? How exactly will the South African government ensure the pressure group does not carry out whatever plans it has for that day? What security measures are in place or will be in place for legal migrants from other African nations living in South Africa? And will the South African government seek out and start deporting illegal immigrants before June 30?

The opinions and thoughts expressed in this article reflect only the author's views.

Nii Akrofi Smart-Abbey is an award-winning international journalist, writer, and host of the A55 Podcast. Nii Akrofi has worked with local and international media in  Ghana , Congo and the United States. He has contributed to news platforms like Zenger News, Africanews, W42ndST, and foreignpresscorrespondents.com.

This year alone, Togo announced visa-free access for all African passport holders. That means Africans can enter the country without going through a visa application process. Ghana also introduced a free e-visa initiative during its Africa Day celebrations.

While the policy still requires travellers to apply before arrival, the application itself comes at no cost. The distinction matters because one removes the process entirely, while the other removes the financial burden.

Additionally, at the African Development Bank meetings in Brazzaville, the Republic of Congo announced that from January 2027, Africans will no longer need visas to enter the country.

"As from the first of January 2027, nationals of all African countries will have visa-free access and will no longer need a visa to come to Congo," President Denis Sassou-Nguesso said .

Rwanda , Benin, Seychelles and The Gambia have already made similar moves in recent years, signalling a broader continental shift toward freer African movement.

But while many countries are opening doors, South Africa appears to be tightening its own.

In recent months, tensions surrounding African migrants and foreign-owned businesses have intensified in parts of South Africa. Groups of protesters and vigilantes have marched through cities such as Johannesburg, Durban and Pretoria, accusing other Africans of contributing to unemployment, crime and economic hardship. Some businesses owned by fellow Africans have reportedly been attacked or threatened during these demonstrations.

This contrast has created an uncomfortable conversation across the continent.

South Africa’s concerns are not entirely disconnected from reality. The country faces serious economic pressures, including high unemployment , inequality and frustration among many citizens who feel left behind. But the challenge lies in how those frustrations are directed. When economic hardship turns into hostility against fellow Africans, it raises difficult questions about continental solidarity.

Footage showed passengers arriving in buses and immigration vehicles, carrying luggage through the airport before gathering at check-in counters.

“We all know what is happening, and it’s not comfortable for us to be here anymore,” one traveller said. “Home sweet home, so we have to go.”

Another passenger said he did not intend to return to South Africa.

Despite the departures, Ghana’s High Commissioner to South Africa, Benjamin Quashie, insisted relations between the two countries remained stable.

“There is no diplomatic row,” Quashie said, adding that the repatriation process had been coordinated with South African authorities, including the Department of Home Affairs and security services.

According to the commissioner, about 326 Ghanaian nationals reported for departure, although the aircraft could only accommodate 300 passengers. Additional charter flights are expected within days.

The Ghana High Commission said more than 800 Ghanaian nationals have registered for the state-assisted return programme.

The departures come amid rising anti-migrant sentiment in South Africa, where protesters have accused foreign nationals of taking jobs, increasing crime and putting pressure on public services .

“At the same time, we have experienced a high influx of undocumented immigrants,” Ramaphosa said. “This phenomenon has intersected with economic hardship and unemployment, contributing to tensions between some local communities and foreign nationals.”

He stressed that while many migrants had integrated into South African society and contributed positively, violence against foreign nationals could not be justified.

“We have strongly condemned those of our citizens who took the law into their own hands,” he added.

The remarks came during Ramaphosa’s state visit to Botswana, where both leaders pledged to strengthen cooperation on trade , investment and regional development.

President Boko called for deeper economic collaboration between the two neighbouring countries, saying there was still significant untapped potential in trade and investment.

South Africa and Botswana are holding the sixth session of the Botswana-South Africa Bi-National Commission, with several new agreements expected to be signed.

The Atlantic route accounted for around 9,757 deaths in 2024, making it the deadliest migratory passage in the world. Caminando Fronteras also notes the increasing cases via the Algerian/Mediterranean route, which accounted for almost half of the victims.

2025 registered a drop in illegal migration along Europe’s maritime routes. A report shows that about 17,000 migrants made it to Spain’s Canary Islands in 2025, just 40% of the previous year’s numbers. Another report indicates a drop in migrant mortality, but reveals that 70 boats disappeared with everyone on board, casting a shadow on the decline.

For the families of Senegalese migrants who brave that terrifying journey across the Atlantic on wooden boats commonly known as pirogues – only to die or disappear before reaching Spain’s Canary Islands – the crisis offers numbing anxiety and despair.

Children, whose parents vanished in the sea, have been left with limited or no care, struggling with unspoken trauma , often engaging in child labour to afford their day-to-day basic necessities. Some hang onto the hope that their parents will show up one day, a longing that gradually spirals into hopelessness and nightmares.

Eleven-year-old Sokhna’s father perished in a pirogue fire in 2022 and now lives with her equally traumatised mother. “I always think about my father when I see the sea,” she confesses to AFP, adding: “When I dream about him and I’m scared because I really feel like he’s talking to me, the next day I go see my grandmother.”

Poverty is a major push factor for Africans who opt for these dreadful journeys, seeking greener pastures on the other side of the sea. Boats keep loading beyond their capacity, despite the obvious risks.

“One day, my father told my brother and me that he wanted to go to Spain and asked us what we thought. I said to him, ‘Dad, don’t go, don’t leave me alone, I only have you and Mum’,” Sokhna recalls her father’s burning desire to seek opportunities that would enable him to take care of her then hospitalised mother and the rest of the family.

This situation reflects the reality of thousands of children in Senegal and across West and North Africa who live with unanswered questions and regrets.

Europe’s attempts to patrol its waters and provide funding to African countries to help fight illegal migration are moderately succeeding in reducing the numbers, but it does not address fundamental issues like human rights concerns : arbitrary arrests, detention of innocent people, and forced returns.

Equally noteworthy, the policy does not fix the problem’s root causes, particularly the socio-economic hardship that pushes thousands to risk precious life. With widespread corruption and management gaps, the funding is largely diverted to the benefit of political actors, offering less or no relief to the masses who bear the brunt of unemployment and deprivation.

More importantly, the EU’s approach does little to provide relief to the victims’ suffering families, which deepens poverty and inequality, thereby fuelling the continuity of the risky treks.

It is commendable that Europe acknowledges that the problem should be addressed from the source. But this realisation must be backed by robust, evidence-based actions that not only prevent illegal migrants from getting to European shores, but also foster genuine collaboration with different players in African communities, both in government and civil society. The response should aim at eradicating the push factors, especially through advancing people’s human development.

The article solely represents the views of Simpson Muhwezi, a Ugandan freelance writer and development practitioner.

Somalia’s humanitarian crisis has reached a boiling point: 6.5 million people face acute food insecurity , 2 million at emergency hunger levels. Central and northern Somalia, along with Jubaland State are the worst affected. Jubaland alone hosts half a million distressed people, many of whom are still reeling from lost plantations and hundreds of livestock to prolonged drought and disease.

The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) estimates that approximately 62,000 people have been displaced by drought across five districts in Somalia since the beginning of 2026, with at least three out of every four new displacements attributed to severe climatic events.

“The positive forecasts bring hope that there will be rain in the coming weeks, but even with these rains, it is unlikely that we will see significant improvement in food insecurity and malnutrition, because this comes after multiple failed rainy seasons across the country,” notes Francesca Sangiorgi, Save the Children’s Humanitarian Director. She emphasises the damage that Somalia’s erratic rains inflict on critical infrastructure, which hampers service delivery. 

Francesca’s concerns are echoed in IOM’s projection that about 125,000 more people will likely be displaced by drought in the second quarter of 2026 despite the expected rains between April and June. 

Additionally, a Save the Children report estimates that 1.8 million children under five will suffer from acute malnutrition in 2026, including severe cases, while millions lose access to critical services like immunisation as foreign-funded programmes are suspended due to budget gaps.

Foreign aid cuts have left over 80% of humanitarian services unfunded , impeding people’s access to healthcare, nutrition and education in the camps. The US-Israel-Iran conflict has also diverted global attention and disrupted global trade routes, fuelling food insecurity, given that Somalia imports more than 70% of its food. A recent spike in fuel prices and the cost of staple foods like maize and sorghum has worsened the problem.

“There’s no assistance on the horizon. Nothing we’re expecting as of today. I don’t know tomorrow. There’s no sight of any assistance from any quarter or from any humanitarian actor,” says Ali Aden Ali, Jubaland’s Commissioner for Refugees and IDPs. 

The spectre of devastation is evident across several IDP camps in the East African country. In Kismayo, which hosts about half a million people – the majority of them women and children – a cloud of anguish and hopelessness hangs over displaced families at risk of secondary displacement in search of the basic necessities of life.

Somalia’s situation highlights the need for strategic investment in climate change mitigation. Countries facing drought-induced displacement must prioritise disaster preparedness, post-disaster management, and climate‑resilient agriculture in the hardest-hit regions. This could boost local food production and help curb forced migration and food insecurity.

The article solely represents the views of Simpson Muhwezi,  a Ugandan freelance writer and development practitioner.

Recent reporting indicates a noticeable decline in the number of Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme workers seeking asylum in Vanuatu. This shift suggests tighter migration oversight and possibly changing economic incentives both within Vanuatu and in destination countries like Australia. Officials have pointed out that earlier spikes in asylum requests were often tied to labour mobility gaps and worker dissatisfaction abroad. The current drop may reflect improved bilateral coordination or stricter enforcement mechanisms. What this really means is that Vanuatu is recalibrating its position within regional labour flows. The PALM scheme has long been a critical income pipeline for households, so any contraction in asylum-related activity could signal either stabilisation or reduced access to alternative migration pathways.

Supreme Court rejects application lacking legal merit

The Vanuatu Supreme Court has dismissed a recent application on the basis that it “lacks legal merit”, reinforcing judicial scrutiny over cases perceived as weak or procedurally flawed. While specific litigants were not detailed in the brief, rulings like this typically hinge on insufficient evidence, jurisdictional issues, or failure to meet statutory thresholds. This decision underscores the judiciary’s role in maintaining procedural discipline. It also sends a clear signal to litigants and legal practitioners: the courts are not a venue for speculative or poorly grounded claims. In a small but increasingly complex legal system, these rulings help manage caseload pressure and uphold institutional credibility.

Former prime minister calls for non-alignment stance

A former prime minister has publicly urged Vanuatu to maintain its long-standing non-alignment policy , particularly amid intensifying geopolitical competition in the Pacific. The call reflects growing concern over external influence from major powers seeking strategic footholds in the region. The catch is that Vanuatu’s foreign policy has historically balanced relationships across competing blocs. The former leader’s position reinforces that “non-alignment is not neutrality, but strategic independence”, a framing often used in Pacific diplomacy. The renewed emphasis suggests internal debate about whether economic partnerships are beginning to blur political autonomy.

Prison sentence reforms raise capacity concerns

Proposals or trends toward longer prison sentences are triggering concerns about correctional facility capacity in Vanuatu. With infrastructure already limited, any increase in incarceration duration could quickly lead to overcrowding, resource strain, and human rights challenges. Officials and analysts are likely weighing a difficult trade-off: tougher sentencing as a deterrent versus the practical limits of the prison system. Without parallel investment in facilities or alternative sentencing frameworks, the system risks becoming unsustainable. This issue sits at the intersection of justice policy and state capacity, and it is not easily resolved.

Passport inquiry controversy and political accountability

Former prime minister Sato Kilman has not been summoned in an ongoing passport-related inquiry and has denied any allegations tied to the case. The situation points to continuing scrutiny over Vanuatu’s citizenship and passport programmes, which have faced international attention in recent years. Even without a formal summons, the political implications are significant. Allegations around passport schemes often raise questions about governance, transparency, and due diligence. Kilman’s denial adds another layer to an already sensitive issue, particularly as Vanuatu navigates external pressure to tighten oversight of its citizenship-by-investment framework.

In the footage, the man being confronted appears visibly uncomfortable. The exchange is not a conversation but a confrontation that involves intimidation.

South Africa dismantled apartheid in 1994, a system that was based on profiling and exclusion. The country has a history that reflects the effects of discrimination and being told one does not belong.

For many years, Africans have criticised restrictive migration policies in Western countries, where migrants are often labelled as illegal or a burden. These actions have been widely challenged.

Astronaut Victor Glover has also observed that from space , there are no visible borders on Earth, only one planet and one people.

If laws are being broken by immigrants, legal systems exist to address such issues. However, when individuals confront and intimidate others in public spaces, it raises concerns about harassment and the limits of civilian action.

That figure places Java ahead of major countries, including Russia, Japan, Mexico and Ethiopia, according to demographic comparisons circulating widely online and reflected in global population data.

With more than half of Indonesia’s roughly 282 million people living on Java, the island accounts for about 55% of the country’s population despite covering only a small fraction of its landmass.

Globally, this concentration is striking as roughly 1 in every 50 people on Earth lives on Java alone.

The island’s population exceeds that of Russia (around 143–146 million), Mexico (around 130 million), Japan (about 122–123 million), Ethiopia (about 132–135 million), and the Democratic Republic of Congo (over 100 million), based on recent international estimates.

Java’s outsized population is closely tied to its economic dominance. The island hosts Indonesia’s capital, Jakarta, along with major industrial hubs and infrastructure networks that draw migration from across the archipelago.

This concentration has created one of the most densely populated regions globally, with more than 1,100 people per square kilometre in some areas.

While this density fuels economic productivity, it also places strain on housing, transport systems and environmental resources. Policymakers have long attempted to ease pressure through “ transmigration ” programmes aimed at redistributing people to less populated islands, with mixed success.

The comparison between Java and sovereign nations highlights a broader demographic reality that population is increasingly concentrated in specific urban and regional clusters rather than evenly distributed across countries.

What this really means is that geographic size no longer correlates with population weight. Russia, the world ’s largest country by land area, has fewer people than a single Indonesian island.

More than 110,000 Syrians acquired EU citizenship last year, making them the largest group by country of origin. Moroccans followed with just over 97,000 new citizens, reinforcing their long-standing position among the top nationalities obtaining EU passports.

The data highlights how geopolitical instability and economic migration continue to shape citizenship trends across the bloc. Syrians, many of whom arrived during the peak of the refugee crisis beginning in 2015, are now transitioning from asylum status to full citizenship in host countries such as Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands.

Moroccan nationals, by contrast, reflect more established migration corridors, particularly into France, Spain, Belgium, and Italy, driven by historical ties and labour demand.

Albania ranked third, with around 48,000 new EU citizens, followed by Türkiye (41,300) and Romania (39,900). While Romania is itself an EU member state, the figures reflect intra-EU mobility and naturalisation processes across member countries.

Citizenship grants were not limited to Europe’s immediate neighbourhood. Venezuela (37,500), Ukraine (34,400), India (33,800), Russia (31,000), and Brazil (30,100) also featured among the top ten origin countries.

The presence of Venezuelans reflects ongoing economic and political instability in Latin America, while Ukrainians continue to move across the EU amid the ongoing war with Russia. Indian and Brazilian nationals highlight skilled migration flows, particularly into countries with labour shortages in technology, healthcare, and engineering sectors.

Eurostat data shows that 88% of new EU citizenship recipients in 2024 came from non-EU countries , underscoring the bloc’s role as a destination for global migration. Only 11% were previously citizens of other EU member states, reflecting comparatively lower rates of intra-EU naturalisation.

This distribution signals that citizenship acquisition remains closely tied to long-term settlement of third-country nationals rather than mobility within the union.

This big figure strains resources, as Nigeria battles economic hardship and rising inflation, threatening the survival of many, especially the poor and unemployed, according to  a recent study .

The displacement crisis in Africa’s most populous country is fuelled by persistent conflict, harsh climatic events, unfavourable environmental circumstances and the desperate search for economic opportunity.

Dimanche Sharon, IOM’s Chief of Mission in the West African nation, highlights their efforts to provide basics like water, shelter and protection to help the displaced cope and safely return to their homes.

However, she notes the need to address the underlying causes of internal displacement, such as building resilient communities and fostering collaborations across government institutions and development partners, for sustainability.

“When they return home, for instance, when communities receive these displaced populations... they need economic opportunities and support so they can move forward in dignity,” she adds, revealing that over 9,000 migrants from Edo State have been helped to return to their homes and that the organisation has supported approximately 8,000 to rebuild their lives.

Meanwhile, the IOM’s strategic priorities include saving lives by providing immediate humanitarian assistance, offering protection services and facilitating processes that enable displaced people to recover and reconstruct.

Internal displacement is not unique to Nigeria. According to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), about 35 million people in Africa were considered internally displaced by the end of 2023, with conflict and violence accounting for 32.5 million, including Sudan’s approximately 10.1 million .

This is deeply concerning, especially as the African Union seeks to achieve a “conflict-free continent with harmony among communities at the grassroots level and inter–state and intra-state wars eliminated and mechanisms put in place to prevent and resolve conflicts”.

Nigeria’s humanitarian situation demonstrates the need to fill gaps in the country’s response capability and strategy to address conflict-inducing factors like non-state armed violence, weak state presence, limited access to justice and exposure to harsh environmental and climatic events.

The Nigerian government must work with relevant stakeholders to strengthen inclusiveness and shield vulnerable groups like women and girls, “who face heightened exposure to violence, neglect, discrimination, abuse and exploitation” when there are protection gaps .

This aligns with the legal framework for the protection of internally displaced persons, which demands that IDPs enjoy, equally and without discrimination, the same rights and freedoms under international and national law, just like other persons in their country.

The opinions and thoughts expressed in this article reflect only the author's views.

The growing pressure on Chile’s northern border

Over the past several years, Chile’s northern frontier has become one of the main migration routes into the country. Thousands of migrants, many travelling from Venezuela, Haiti and other parts of Latin America, have crossed through Bolivia before entering Chile via remote border points in the Andean plateau.

For Kast’s government, the situation represents a serious challenge to national security and state capacity. Officials argue that irregular crossings are linked not only to humanitarian migration but also to organised crime networks, including human trafficking, smuggling and drug transport routes operating across the Andean region.

The proposed border measures, therefore, go beyond a simple wall. The plan includes trenches, high fencing, electronic surveillance systems, drones and an expanded military presence along vulnerable sections of the frontier.

A difficult border to control

The border between Chile and Bolivia runs for roughly 860 kilometres across one of the most inhospitable landscapes in the world. Much of it cuts through high-altitude desert terrain in the Atacama Desert, where temperatures fluctuate dramatically, and infrastructure is scarce.

Policing such terrain has always been difficult. Even today, large sections of the frontier remain largely unmonitored.

For critics, this raises doubts about the practical effectiveness of building walls in such an environment . They argue that migration routes tend to adapt quickly to new barriers, often shifting to more remote or dangerous paths.

Regional and diplomatic implications

The proposal has also generated discussion in Bolivia, where some officials and analysts worry about the potential diplomatic impact of a heavily fortified border.

Relations between the two countries have long been shaped by historical tensions dating back to the War of the Pacific, which left Bolivia landlocked after losing its coastline to Chile.

Although trade and cross-border movement have continued in the decades since, the idea of a physical barrier raises concerns about the future dynamics of mobility and cooperation in the region.

At the same time, migration across the Andes is rarely a purely bilateral issue. Many migrants travelling through Bolivia have already crossed several countries before reaching Chile, making the phenomenon part of a much broader regional migration system.

The difficulty of naturalisation typically depends on several factors, including minimum residency requirements, language proficiency standards, financial thresholds, cultural integration tests and restrictions on dual citizenship.

Some countries are also said to operate highly discretionary systems. Even if applicants technically meet eligibility criteria, final approval may rest with interior ministries or heads of state.

In short, strict timelines, limited approvals and political discretion combine to make certain passports exceptionally difficult to acquire.

The 10 hardest countries to get citizenship

Qatar

Qatar is widely cited as one of the most restrictive citizenship regimes in the world. Under Qatari law, foreigners must generally reside in the country for 25 years before applying, speak Arabic fluently and demonstrate good conduct. Even then, approvals are capped annually and granted at the discretion of authorities. Naturalisation numbers remain extremely low relative to the country’s large expatriate population.

Vatican City

Citizenship in Vatican City is not granted through traditional naturalisation. It is tied to employment or official roles within the Holy See. When a person’s service ends, Vatican citizenship typically ends as well, making it functionally impossible to obtain through standard residency pathways.

Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein requires long-term residence, often 30 years, though time spent as a minor may count differently, and approval at both municipal and national levels. According to Global Citizen Solutions, local community votes can influence decisions, making the process highly selective.

Bhutan

Bhutan’s citizenship framework is rooted in strict national identity laws. Applicants must meet lengthy residency requirements, demonstrate cultural assimilation and obtain government approval. The country maintains tight controls over naturalisation to preserve its demographic balance.

Saudi Arabia

Saudi citizenship is difficult to secure without lineage. While the kingdom introduced reforms allowing certain highly skilled professionals to apply, approvals remain rare. Applicants must meet residency, language and background requirements, and the process is highly discretionary.

Kuwait

Kuwait has one of the most restrictive nationality laws globally. Naturalisation is limited and often prioritises specific categories, such as long-standing residents with particular qualifications. Stateless populations in Kuwait highlight how tightly controlled citizenship remains.

Switzerland

Switzerland’s naturalisation process is rigorous and decentralised. Applicants typically need 10 years of residency, must demonstrate integration and language skills, and are assessed at federal, cantonal and municipal levels. Local authorities can reject applications based on community integration criteria.

China

China does not generally recognise dual citizenship and rarely grants naturalisation. According to official Chinese nationality law, applicants must have close relatives who are Chinese nationals or other legitimate reasons for approval, which are narrowly interpreted.

North Korea

Citizenship in North Korea is largely determined by birth and state classification systems. There is no transparent or accessible naturalisation pathway for foreign nationals.

Japan

Japan requires five years of residence for naturalisation, proof of financial stability and renunciation of previous citizenship in most cases. While not impossible, Passportivity notes that Japan’s prohibition on dual nationality and detailed background checks make the process demanding.

United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Historically, UAE citizenship was almost unattainable for expatriates. In 2021, the government introduced amendments allowing select investors, scientists and professionals to be nominated. However, approval remains invitation-based and tightly controlled.

According to a visual map analysis, the largest foreign national group varies significantly by prefecture, with Chinese, Brazilian and South Korean residents emerging as the most prominent communities depending on region.

Chinese nationals are the largest foreign national group in the majority of Japanese prefectures, especially across the northern, eastern and central regions of the country.

This aligns with official statistics from Japan’s Ministry of Justice, which show that as of mid-2025, Chinese residents represented the largest share of registered foreign nationals nationwide, numbering well over 800,000. Chinese communities have long been concentrated in urban centres such as Tokyo, Osaka and Aichi, but the map shows their influence spreading more broadly.

In several prefectures, notably parts of Aichi, Mie, Shizuoka and Gunma, Brazilian nationals stand out as the largest foreign group.

Brazilian migration to Japan has roots in the late 1980s and 1990s, when Japan’s immigration policies enabled descendants of Japanese emigrants (known as Nikkei) to return for work.

This has resulted in tight-knit Brazilian communities, particularly in manufacturing regions where labour demand historically drew migrant workers. According to Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Brazilians remain one of the top foreign national populations in the country.

South Korean nationals are the largest foreign group in a cluster of prefectures around the Kansai region, including Osaka and nearby areas.

The Korean community in Japan has deep historical roots, tracing back to the early 20th century. It remains one of the most established foreign groups in the country. South Koreans consistently rank among the top three foreign resident populations in national figures, and in select prefectures, they represent the single largest community.

Thailand’s gross domestic product surpassed forecasts in the fourth quarter of 2025, driven primarily by strong performance in the industrial and retail sectors. The briefing notes that full-year economic growth reached 2.4%, supported by investment momentum and targeted electric vehicle incentives. Government stimulus measures and rising exports also contributed to the stronger-than-expected performance. The data reflect a broader recovery pattern, with industrial output and domestic consumption playing central roles. Export growth and state-led economic stimulus were key pillars underpinning the expansion.

Investment momentum and EV incentives shape economic recovery

Thailand’s economy ended 2025 stronger than expected, boosting confidence in the new government. Data from the NESDC showed GDP grew 2.5% year-on-year in the fourth quarter, up from 1.2% in Q3 and above market forecasts. Investment drove the late-year rebound, jumping 8.1% in the fourth quarter, the fastest pace since 2016 and up from 1.4% in Q3. Private investment rose 6.5%, led by spending on industrial machinery and office equipment as business confidence improved. The government’s EV 3.0 incentive scheme also spurred demand, with consumers rushing to buy electric vehicles before subsidies expired, lifting durable goods spending 12.2%. Overall household consumption grew 3.3%, supported by low inflation and loose monetary policy despite high household debt.

Demographic shift towards an ageing society pressures labour and welfare systems

Thailand’s population growth has slowed to 0.42% , the lowest rate since the census began, according to preliminary results from the National Statistical Office’s 2025 population and household census. The 12th population census and sixth household census recorded 70.3 million people and 26.3 million households. While the population is still rising, growth is slowing sharply, with annual births significantly down compared with previous years.

Security operations intensify along the northern and eastern borders

Smuggling syndicates along the Malaysia–Thailand border in Kelantan have shifted tactics, using sea routes and landing along the Kelantan River after tighter security at the Golok River. PGA Southeast Brigade Commander SAC Ahmad Radzi Hussain said syndicates are now bringing illegal immigrants by boat through tributaries to remote villages away from monitoring posts. Between Jan 1 and February 13, the PGA arrested 84 illegal immigrants (75 men, nine women). The largest group were Myanmar nationals (31), followed by Bangladeshis (19), Thais (17), Nepalis (10), Indians (4), Indonesians (2), and one Nigerian.

Government sets 2026 export targets

Thailand’s Commerce Ministry is aiming for Bt142bn in exports in 2026 through about 700 initiatives. Sunanta Kangvalkulkij said the plan could support over 294,500 Thai businesses. Measures include online promotion via thaitrade.com, trade fairs, business matching, overseas outreach, and franchise support. A US trade mission will run from February 24–28, with firms such as Otis McAllister Inc. joining talks on boosting Thai exports. In March, the Thailand’s Best Friend Project will honour around 20 major global importers, while the Special Task Force Project will target new markets including China, India, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, plus Africa and Latin America.

Bad Bunny’s use of the word “Americans” reflects a broader cultural and geographic identity that includes people across the entire American continent, not just citizens of the United States . In many parts of Latin America, “America” is understood as the landmass stretching from Canada to Argentina and Chile, a perspective that sees Latinos and others from the hemisphere as part of a shared continental identity. This contrasts with the narrower US usage of “American” to mean citizens of the United States .

His remarks resonated at a time when immigration, identity and national belonging are central issues in political and public debate in the United States. Discussions around border enforcement, deportations and the treatment of migrant communities have intensified in recent years, often accompanied by polarising language. By stressing shared humanity and a broader, continental sense of belonging, Bad Bunny positioned his message against narratives that frame immigrants as outsiders.

His appeal to love over hatred, which he described as the most powerful response to division, reflected an attempt to shift the conversation away from fear and confrontation towards empathy and inclusion.

The moment gained widespread attention not only because it was part of a historic night for Latin music, with a Spanish-language album winning major awards, but also because it highlighted how cultural platforms can intersect with social and political issues. For many viewers in Latin America and beyond, his words underscored a sense of belonging that transcends national borders and reflects deep historical and cultural connections across the Americas.

According to ICE’s data , 56 people died in ICE custody between 2009 and 2017, during the Obama administration. From 2017 to 2020, under the first Trump administration, the number was 52. Between 2021 and 2024, during the Biden administration, ICE reported 26 deaths.

What emerges from ICE records and independent investigations is a pattern of medical vulnerability. Many of those who died had chronic illnesses, mental health conditions , or were recovering from trauma linked to migration and detention.

Causes of death listed by ICE include heart attacks, suicide, COVID-19 complications, dehydration, and other untreated or poorly managed medical conditions. Reviews cited by NPR and the American Immigration Lawyers Association have repeatedly found delays in care, ignored complaints, and failures to transfer detainees to hospitals in time.

What is obvious is how little this pattern changes with political leadership. Every administration has pledged improvements to detention standards, yet deaths continue to occur.

Immigration lawyers argue that detention itself is the central risk factor. Facilities are not designed to provide long-term or complex medical care, yet they routinely hold people with serious health needs.

The American Immigration Lawyers Association and other advocacy groups continue to push for alternatives to detention, particularly for asylum seekers and medically vulnerable individuals. They point to evidence that community-based supervision is not only safer but also more cost-effective and humane.

The record shows that deaths in ICE custody are not isolated incidents tied to a single president or policy shift. They are a recurring outcome of a detention system with longstanding medical failures and weak accountability.

The most pressing question now is no longer how the numbers compare across administrations, but why preventable deaths continue to happen in the first place..

At the heart of the trend is a simple calculation many households make every day: where can work actually pay enough to build a life? Wage gaps between African economies and popular destinations such as Europe, North America and the Gulf states continue to pull skilled and semi-skilled workers across borders.

But for others, travel is not a choice — it is survival. Conflict and instability in parts of the continent have pushed families to move quickly, sometimes with little more than what they can carry. As the report notes, wars and violence in places such as Sudan, South Sudan, the Sahel and the Horn of Africa have made migration a “survival strategy” for many. 

Climate change is also accelerating movement, especially from rural communities. Drought, desertification, flooding and falling agricultural yields are disrupting farming and pastoral livelihoods, making migration an increasingly necessary adaptation.

The impact of this growing diaspora is complex. Remittances sent home have become a financial lifeline for millions, helping families afford food, healthcare, education and housing. In some cases surpassing foreign aid. Yet the same trend can deepen “brain drain”, as countries lose professionals such as doctors, engineers and teachers, weakening essential services and long-term development. 

The UN-backed ranking places Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo among Africa’s largest migrant-sending nations, reflecting both economic ambition and forced displacement.

The Return to Homeland Plan was initially established by Venezuelan authorities as a mechanism to assist citizens abroad, particularly those facing legal or humanitarian challenges, to return and reintegrate. The programme has seen multiple flights in recent years, with thousands of Venezuelans voluntarily or involuntarily returned home as part of state-facilitated repatriation efforts. Venezuelan officials frame the plan as a dignified response to the hardships many nationals have endured overseas, while coordinating with foreign counterparts on deportation logistics.

Internationally, the resumption of these flights reflects broader trends in migration policy and bilateral negotiations. The U.S. has increased deportations of Venezuelan migrants amid shifts in immigration enforcement, while Venezuela’s acceptance of returnees operates within its own political and social strategy for addressing the Venezuelan diaspora. As these movements continue, the Return to Homeland Plan remains a focal point for debate over human rights , migration governance and the responsibilities of sending and receiving states.

At the centre of the phenomenon is a long-running community conservation effort. Volunteers gather daily at a designated feeding ground on the outskirts of the village, where grain is laid out to protect the birds from disturbance and village traffic.

The tradition dates back to the 1970s, when a small feeding practice gradually attracted more cranes each year. As participation grew, so did the numbers, with more than 30,000 birds recorded by 2014. Arriving as early as August and staying until March, the cranes have turned Khichan into one of India’s most unusual and well-known seasonal wildlife havens.

The decision, outlined in a recent policy update, has immediate implications for families, workers, and migrants across Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Latin America .

The suspension primarily affects immigrant visas, meaning individuals seeking permanent residence in the United States are the most impacted. This includes family-sponsored visas, diversity visas, and certain employment-based pathways.

Non-immigrant visas such as tourist, student, and short-term work visas may still be issued in some cases, but the overall message is clear that permanent migration routes into the US are being sharply narrowed.

According to the Trump administration, the move is part of a broader effort to tighten immigration controls, strengthen national security, and protect domestic employment.

The 75 countries span multiple continents, including Somalia, Iran, Russia, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Ghana, Rwanda, Yemen, Colombia, Cuba, Thailand, and Brazil.

“The State Department will use its long-standing authority to deem ineligible potential immigrants who would become a public charge on the United States and exploit the generosity of the American people. Immigrant visa processing from these 75 countries will be paused. At the same time, the State Department reassesses immigration processing procedures to prevent the entry of foreign nationals who would take welfare and public benefits,” said Tommy Pigott, Principal Deputy Spokesperson at the State Department.

This latest suspension does not exist in isolation. It follows months of restrictive measures , including travel bans, asylum limitations, and tighter vetting procedures, since Donald Trump returned to office.

Whether the policy will face successful legal opposition or be revised under political pressure remains uncertain. For now, millions of people across 75 countries are left waiting, watching, and recalculating their futures.

Full list of affected countries:

Afghanistan , Albania , Algeria , Antigua and Barbuda , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Bahamas , Bangladesh , Barbados , Belarus , Belize , Bhutan , Bosnia , Brazil , Cambodia , Cameroon , Cape Verde , Colombia , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Cuba , Dominica , Egypt , Eritrea , Ethiopia , Fiji , The Gambia , Georgia , Ghana , Grenada , Guatemala , Guinea , Haiti , Iran , Iraq , Ivory Coast , Jamaica , Jordan , Kazakhstan , Kosovo , Kuwait , Kyrgyzstan , Laos , Lebanon , Liberia , Libya , North Macedonia , Moldova , Mongolia , Montenegro , Morocco , Myanmar , Nepal , Nicaragua , Nigeria , Pakistan , Republic of the Congo , Russia , Rwanda , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Senegal , Sierra Leone , Somalia , South Sudan , Sudan , Syria , Tanzania , Thailand , Togo , Tunisia , Uganda , Uruguay , Uzbekistan and Yemen .

DHS Secretary Kristi Noem explained that the temporary “departure bonus” aims to facilitate voluntary returns during the holiday period. “If you wish to return voluntarily to your country of origin and are illegally present in the US, we will provide $3,000 and a plane ticket to help you get home,” Noem told Fox News . She emphasised that the programme is valid only until the end of the year.

The initiative follows an earlier scheme announced in May, which offered $1,000 and a return flight for migrants opting for voluntary departure. Noem stressed that those who wait to be intercepted, detained, or deported through enforcement channels may lose the opportunity to return legally in the future.

Migrants seeking to participate are advised to download and use the official CBP Home app to coordinate their departures. The DHS has indicated it will prioritise ensuring participants reach their home countries in time for Christmas, framing the programme as a combination of logistical support and financial incentive aimed at encouraging voluntary compliance with immigration rules.

A total of 68 African nationals have been repatriated from Ghana’s Ashanti Region to their respective countries following court rulings over criminal activities, including involvement in the Q-Net scam and prostitution. Ashanti Regional Minister Dr Frank Amoakohene announced in a Facebook post on December 18, 2025, that those deported included 42 Nigerians, 13 Cameroonians, seven Beninese, three Ivorians, and three Burkinabe nationals. He said the repatriations were carried out in line with due process and commended the Ghana Immigration Service for its professionalism, diligence, and collaboration with the courts and other security agencies in enforcing immigration laws and maintaining public safety.

Ghana to receive additional $385m from IMF programme

Ghana is set to receive an additional $385 million under its Extended Credit Facility programme after the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund completed the fifth review of the arrangement. The disbursement brings total IMF support under the 39-month, $3 billion programme approved in May 2023 to about $2.8 billion. In a statement issued from Washington, DC, the IMF said Ghana’s performance under the programme had been generally satisfactory, with all quantitative targets for the review met. The Fund noted that economic growth through September 2025 exceeded expectations, inflation had declined into the Bank of Ghana’s target range, and the external sector strengthened due to robust gold and cocoa exports. While acknowledging progress in financial sector reforms and debt restructuring, the IMF cautioned that vulnerabilities persist in state-owned banks and called for stronger governance and supervision.

Youth unemployment flagged as national security concern

New data from the Ghana Statistical Service show that about 1.3 million young people aged 15 to 24 were not in employment, education, or training in the third quarter of 2025, representing 21.5 per cent of that age group. Reacting to the figures on a local radio channel, Citi FM, on December 18, Youth Development and Employment Minister George Opare Addo described the situation as alarming and warned that rising youth unemployment poses a serious national security threat. He said the John Mahama-led administration would intensify efforts to reduce unemployment and re-engage young people in productive economic activities as part of broader measures to safeguard national stability.

Ghana deploys troops abroad amid regional and international crises

Ghana has deployed military personnel to Jamaica and Benin in moves that signal an expansion of its South-South cooperation and regional security role. At a send-off parade in Accra on December 17, President John Mahama said the 14 Engineer Brigade deployed to Jamaica would focus on reconstruction rather than combat following the devastation caused by Hurricane Melissa, which killed more than 45 people and displaced hundreds of thousands. Ghana is also contributing about 100 personnel to the ECOWAS Standby Force in Benin after an attempted coup earlier in December. While authorities in Benin say the situation is under control, Ghanaian troops remain part of efforts to safeguard constitutional order, even as the deployments have sparked domestic debate over costs, priorities, and executive authority.

Ghana signs WTO law advisory accession protocol in Geneva

Ghana has signed the accession protocol to the Advisory Centre on WTO Law, gaining access to specialised legal support for trade disputes. The agreement was signed on December 18, 2025, in Geneva by Ghana’s Ambassador to the WTO, Emmanuel Asiedu Antwi, making Ghana one of 39 developing countries eligible for discounted legal services and training under the centre. The Advisory Centre provides confidential legal advice, representation in dispute settlement proceedings, and capacity-building programmes. While officials say the move will strengthen Ghana’s ability to defend its trade interests, the signing comes amid longstanding concerns about the country’s regulatory capacity and compliance with WTO notification obligations, highlighted during its most recent Trade Policy Review.

This global dispersal is the result of decades of outward migration driven by revolution, economic pressure, and recurring human-rights crises.

The largest Iranian communities have taken root in the United States, home to more than one million people of Iranian ancestry, as well as in Canada, Germany, Australia, and across Western Europe. In these countries, Iranian migrants have built thriving cultural and professional networks, enriching global cities with Persian heritage while remaining closely attuned to political developments in Iran.

Large-scale migration began in the aftermath of the 1979 Iranian Revolution and continued through successive waves shaped by sanctions, economic instability, and state repression. Over time, this diaspora has evolved into a transnational force, increasingly vocal and organised, with the ability to influence public opinion and policy far beyond Iran’s borders.

That influence has become evident amid mounting global tensions. In December 2025, the Nobel Peace Prize committee publicly condemned the “brutal” arrest of Iranian laureate and women’s rights activist Narges Mohammadi, triggering protests and advocacy campaigns led by Iranian communities abroad. Her detention has become a rallying point for diaspora-driven calls for accountability and reform.

The reach of diaspora activism is also extending into international legal arenas. Survivors of Iran’s 2022 “Women, Life, Freedom” protests, an uprising that drew widespread support from Iranians overseas, recently filed criminal complaints in Argentina, accusing Iranian officials of crimes against humanity. The move underscores how diaspora networks are helping transform street-level protest into sustained legal and diplomatic pressure.

For many Iranians living abroad, distance has not weakened their connection to home. Instead, it has sharpened it.

Reports of Iranians stranded in Dubai during the regional conflict highlight the emotional toll of living between worlds, physically separated from Iran yet deeply affected by every new development. As global tensions rise, the Iranian diaspora continues to grow not only in size but in influence, shaping the international conversation around Iran’s future.

Mongolia Prime Minister Zandanshatar Gombojav has directed a government working group to accelerate the implementation of Mongolia’s National Anti-Corruption Program, first approved by parliament in May 2023. The directive was issued during a meeting held on December 9, 2025, at the State Palace. Chaired by First Deputy Chief of Cabinet Secretariat Munkh-Erdene Dembereltseren, the group includes state secretaries from all ministries. Discussions focused on progress in combating corruption, addressing root causes of graft, preventing conflicts of interest, and strengthening the justice system. The Prime Minister stressed leadership, transparency, and integrity across all levels of public service and announced that 2026 will be designated the “Year of Strengthening Discipline and Accountability in the Civil Service,” amid concerns over Mongolia’s declining ranking in Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index.

Parliamentary inquiry intensifies scrutiny of Oyu Tolgoi mining project

A high-profile parliamentary inquiry into the Oyu Tolgoi mining project continued last week, led by MP O. Batnairamdal. More than 300 current and former officials and company representatives have been summoned to testify over three days. The hearings are examining Mongolia’s ownership of natural resources, benefit-sharing arrangements, and the possibility of renegotiating the investment agreement. Witnesses included former presidents, senior government officials, and Oyu Tolgoi executives, who addressed issues such as classified documents, loan interest negotiations, and governance decisions. Several testimonies and statements drew public attention, and the inquiry is expected to continue with further evidence review.

Mongolia and UN discuss SDGs and desertification conference

Prime Minister Zandanshatar met with UN Resident Coordinator Jaap van Hierden on December 10, 2025, to discuss accelerating the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and preparations for hosting the 17th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification in August 2026. The Prime Minister reaffirmed Mongolia’s commitment to cooperation with the UN and highlighted draft reforms aimed at increasing transparency in political and election financing under the UN Convention against Corruption. The UN reiterated its support for addressing Mongolia’s social and economic challenges, reducing inequality, creating jobs, and advancing energy and digital transitions.

Mongolia recovers smuggled dinosaur fossils from France

Mongolia has successfully repatriated 29 sets of dinosaur fossils that were illegally smuggled out of the country and seized by French authorities in 2013 and 2015. The official handover ceremony took place in Paris on December 11, 2025, following a confirmed investigation establishing the fossils’ origin in the Mongolian Gobi Desert. The collection includes remains of Tarbosaurus, Theropods, Ornithomimosaurs, and Hadrosaurs, dating back 65 to 70 million years. Officials said the return concludes nearly a decade of cooperation between Mongolian and French authorities.

Mongolia participates in IOM Council session in Geneva

The Mongolian delegation took part in the 116th Session of the International Organisation for Migration Council, held from December 8 to 10, 2025, in Geneva. Led by Permanent Representative Gerelmaa Davaasuren, the delegation engaged in discussions with representatives from 175 member states and other stakeholders on global migration challenges. Mongolia highlighted cooperation with IOM on safe, orderly, and humane migration, while IOM Director General Amy Pope thanked Mongolia for its continued support and announced plans to launch an IOM Country Office in the nation’s capital, Ulaanbaatar.

The visual, which differs from census data from 1841 with figures from 2020, highlights what historians and economists describe as one of Europe’s most significant population transformations, rooted in famine, migration and the long-term pull of urban growth.

The above map serves as a reminder of the devastation caused by the Great Famine, which reduced the population by millions through death and mass emigration.

In 1841, population density was highest in rural, agriculturally dependent counties. County Cork alone recorded 855,000 residents, while Galway, Mayo, Tipperary and Donegal each exceeded 300,000.

These figures highlight how densely settled rural Ireland was before the Great Famine, a period that, according to the Central Statistics Office (CSO), resulted in more than 1 million deaths and another 1 million emigrants, beginning a population collapse from which many counties have never recovered.

By 2020, the distribution looks almost reversed. Dublin emerged as the dominant centre, with more than 1.35 million people in its greater metropolitan area, nearly triple its 1841 population and far surpassing that of any other county.

Meanwhile, rural counties that once formed the core of Ireland’s population have dramatically smaller numbers: Mayo, for example, which held over 388,000 people in 1841, recorded around 130,000 in 2020. County Cork’s population, though still high, stands around 540,000, significantly lower than its pre-famine peak.

Families reported spending nights outdoors near the border crossing, with limited access to shelter, food, and basic services . Several migrants described the journey north as their last attempt to find stability after struggling to secure work and legal status in Chile. Instead, they now face uncertainty in a space where neither country is allowing them to move freely.

The situation reflects rising tensions between Chile and Peru over migration flows, as both governments have increasingly tightened their border policies in recent months. For migrants, these shifts translate into immediate humanitarian consequences, particularly for those travelling with children, elderly relatives, or limited resources.

As entry into Peru remains restricted, some migrants have attempted to negotiate with officials, while others simply wait, hoping the authorities will eventually allow passage. Many expressed frustration at the absence of clear communication about what documents or procedures would allow them to cross, deepening their sense of abandonment in a region they do not consider home.

For those stranded at the border, the standoff has become more than a diplomatic dispute, it is a daily struggle for safety, dignity, and the chance to keep moving. With no resolution in sight, migrants remain trapped between two states, facing a humanitarian situation that neither country appears ready to fully address.

Today, states from Florida to Texas and Pennsylvania to California are home to vibrant and fast-growing Puerto Rican communities whose impact is reshaping American culture, politics, and demographics.

New York still holds the largest Puerto Rican population , with more than 1 million residents, continuing a legacy that spans decades. Florida follows closely with over 850,000, reflecting dramatic growth driven by economic opportunity and climate-driven migration.

New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Massachusetts also remain major centres, while emerging communities in states like Ohio, Georgia, Texas, and California highlight a broader national expansion.

These shifts align closely with findings from the U.S. Census Bureau, which documented a significant rise in Puerto Rican migration to the mainland after Hurricane Maria in 2017—an event described as one of the largest climate-related displacements in recent U.S. history.

Further analysis from the Pew Research Centre shows that the number of Puerto Ricans living in the continental U.S. surpassed the island’s population as early as 2006. That gap has continued to widen due to economic instability, prolonged recession, and more frequent hurricane devastation on the island

Economic factors remain major drivers of settlement patterns. Florida has become a preferred destination due to job availability, educational opportunities, and growing support networks, while Pennsylvania and Ohio attract families seeking affordability and stable employment.

In the South and Midwest, manufacturing, logistics, and service-sector growth have contributed to new enclaves forming in cities that historically had smaller Puerto Rican populations.

Speaking at the Santa Rosa immigration complex, Jeri said Peru’s borders have “long been known for their vulnerabilities” and stressed that the situation requires “serious reflection” as a matter of state policy . He explained that the government will pursue a coordinated, multisector response to strengthen security across border provinces, including those adjacent to Chile.

Jeri said the first step will be the declaration of a state of emergency, allowing the Army to support the National Police in securing border areas and preventing irregular activities “by individuals of other nationalities who may enter with different intentions.”

He also emphasised that only travellers with proper documentation will be allowed to enter, adding that tightening border controls is essential to ongoing efforts to tackle crime. Preventing people from entering “irregularly,” he said, is key to addressing the country’s broader security challenges.

The announcement comes shortly after Chilean presidential candidate Jose Kast visited the Chile–Peru border, where he pledged to expel Venezuelan migrants from Chile if elected. It also follows a period in which Peru has adopted increasingly forceful measures in response to rising crime rates nationwide.

From the North Atlantic’s isolation to Central Europe’s dense multilingual corridors, the Germanic languages continue to evolve in ways that mirror Europe’s ongoing transformations.

The languages are traditionally divided into two major branches: North Germanic, which is spoken largely in Scandinavia , and West Germanic, which includes English, German, Dutch, Frisian, and Scots.

On the map above, Icelandic and Faroese dominate the North Atlantic fringes, Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish sweep across Scandinavia, and German, Dutch, Frisian, Scots, and English cover much of Western and Central Europe.

According to Encyclopaedia Britannica , the Germanic language family is descended from a common Proto-Germanic ancestor emerging around the mid–1st millennium BCE.

Additionally, the world’s most widely spoken Germanic language, English, owes its global dominance to centuries of colonisation and international trade. There are over 1.4 billion English learners and speakers globally, making it a defining linguistic force in diplomacy, science, and technology.

Meanwhile, German remains the most widely spoken native language within the European Union, a fact with cultural and political implications amid ongoing debates over EU unity and economic leadership.

The North Germanic languages, though spoken by smaller populations, have some of the highest literacy rates and strongest preservation efforts in the world . Icelandic, for instance, deliberately resists borrowing from other languages, implementing unique Icelandic terms for modern concepts.

According to SCB Statistic s, Syrians make up the largest foreign-born population in many southern and central counties.

Their presence reflects migration patterns driven largely by the Syrian civil war and Sweden’s humanitarian response during the 2015 refugee influx.

Finns remain the largest foreign-born group in many northern counties, a long-standing pattern due to Sweden and Finland’s close historical, linguistic, and geographic ties.

Norway also appears as the top foreign-born group in one central county, consistent with the regular cross-border movement among Nordic citizens.

Iraqis stand out in Stockholm County, where long-term migration, family reunification, and labour opportunities have shaped the community over several decades.

Meanwhile, Eritreans form the largest foreign-born group in a key coastal county, reflecting ongoing migration from East Africa due to political instability and forced conscription.

This new data is especially relevant as Sweden engages in wider European discussions on migration management. The EU is moving forward with the Pact on Migration and Asylum, which aims to create a more balanced and predictable system for handling asylum applications.

"A new system replaces the old Dublin rules (regarding seeking asylum in the first EU country) and clarifies which Member State is responsible for the examination, and creates a fairer distribution of asylum seekers. It also introduces a new joint management of migration crises and cooperation with third countries," Migrationsverket reports.

Sweden’s own government has signalled a stricter approach to immigration while also acknowledging the country’s need for skilled labour in healthcare, technology, and manufacturing.

“A quarter million Americans died due to the fentanyl crisis. So securing borders saves lives. I wish the Catholic Church would understand that,” he said. “We have the right to secure our borders, just as they have the right to secure their facility, and the penalties for entering their facilities are much worse than ours. We’re going to enforce the law and by doing that, we’re saving a lot of lives.”

Homan, who described himself as a lifelong Catholic, urged Church leaders to reflect on their own institution before criticising US policy . “I’ll say it not only as Border Czar, but as a Catholic: I think they need to spend time fixing the Catholic Church,” he told reporters.

He also defended the administration’s approach to mass deportations and strict border enforcement, arguing that it deters migrants from undertaking dangerous journeys controlled by criminal cartels. The US, he said, now has “a pretty good handle on who’s coming in, what’s coming in, where it’s coming in, why it’s coming in” after what he described as years of neglect by the previous government .

His comments came after the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops overwhelmingly approved a statement opposing mass deportations and calling for an end to dehumanising rhetoric aimed at migrants. Pope Leo XIV has similarly urged religious leaders to defend those affected by US immigration policies .

For example, in Queensland the top trio includes Japanese, German and Chinese, while in Western Australia it’s Italian, Indonesian and Japanese. In Victoria, Italian leads the way, with Indonesian and French close behind. These patterns underscore how the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority language courses mesh with migration, trade and community language trends.

Official data shows this mix of modern priorities and tradition: while over 20 languages are taught in Australian primary and secondary schools, Chinese (Mandarin), Italian, Japanese, Indonesian, French, German, Spanish and Auslan remain the most common picks .

At the same time, studies reveal that participation in government-priority Asian languages such as Chinese, Japanese and Indonesian has declined in recent years — for instance, one 2024 study found that enrolment in these dropped from 4.25 % of HSC students in 2001 to 3.43 % in 2021.

So what’s driving the state-by-state differences? Several factors like the strength of local migrant communities (Italian in Victoria, Indonesian in WA), the links schools maintain with trade partners (Japan and China), and state education policy.

The Australian Curriculum explicitly encourages students to learn another language alongside English, citing expanded cultural, social and employment opportunities.

Current global trends add urgency to these choices. With Australia aiming to deepen trade and diplomatic ties across Asia and Europe, knowing Japanese or Mandarin is more than cultural; it’s strategic.

At the same time, community languages such as Italian or German continue to thrive in regions with strong heritage linkages. Notably, Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, in April this year, committed A$25 million to support 600 community-language schools teaching more than 84 languages nationwide.

The Pew Research Centre also reports that the Middle East’s migrant population more than doubled between 2005 and 2015, increasing from 7% to 13% of the total regional population. Labour migration, mainly from South Asia, is a key factor in this rise.

In the Gulf states, including Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates, foreign nationals make up the majority of the population. Indians remain the largest group in Kuwait and across much of the Gulf, forming a large part of the workforce .

Conflict continues to drive migration within the region. Millions of Syrians have fled to countries such as Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey since 2011, and Iraqi and Sudanese migrants have also moved across borders seeking safety and stability.

In Europe, governments are debating the future of refugee policies , with new discussions over whether Syrian refugees should begin returning home.

At the same time, migrant arrivals in southern Europe continue to rise, showing the ongoing link between Middle Eastern migration and global movements.

In France , Spain, and Portugal, it appears as Londres. In Italy and Romania, it becomes Londra. Across Poland and Czechia, it’s Londyn and Londýn, while in Finland it’s Lontoo. Greek speakers use Λονδίνο, and in Welsh, the city is known as Llundain.

The name “London” comes from Londinium , the term used by the Romans during their occupation of Britain in the first century AD. Linguists believe it derived from a pre-Roman Celtic or Brittonic root, possibly Londonjon, later adopted into Latin and then Old English. Over centuries, it evolved into the modern “London.

The map reflects not only Europe’s linguistic diversity but also London’s own. According to Milestone Localisation , more than 300 languages are spoken in the city today, including Bengali, Polish, Urdu, Yoruba, and Arabic. London is among the most linguistically diverse cities in the world.

The variation in London’s name highlights how languages adapt foreign place names to local speech patterns. These differences also show how deeply the city is embedded in global culture — from Londyn in Polish newspapers to لندن in Arabic broadcasts.

As discussions about migration and cultural identity continue across Europe, the map serves as a reminder of how interconnected languages and histories are. The city’s name, spoken differently in dozens of languages, remains a shared reference point across the continent.

Asia follows closely, increasing by around 29.5 million people per year. In contrast, Europe’s population is shrinking, losing nearly one million people annually.

North America gains about 3.9 million people each year, while South America adds 2.4 million and Oceania grows modestly by 532,000. These regional differences paint a clear picture of how global growth is shifting and how the world’s demographic balance is changing rapidly.

The contrast between Africa and Europe reflects deeper demographic trends. In much of Africa, birth rates remain high, and populations are young.

Countries such as Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Ethiopia are projected to double in population by 2050 if current trends continue, according to the United Nations’ World Population Prospects 2024 .

Europe, on the other hand, is experiencing the opposite. Low birth rates, ageing populations, and limited migration have led to steady declines in several countries, including Italy, Germany, and Poland. Even with longer life expectancies, the number of births often falls far short of the number of deaths.

The World Bank notes that this demographic transition, moving from high to low fertility and mortality rates, is reshaping economies and societies around the world. The Broader Implications

These population shifts have real consequences. For Africa, rapid growth brings opportunities and challenges. A young workforce could fuel economic expansion, but governments must also provide education, jobs, housing, and infrastructure for millions of new citizens each year.

Meanwhile, in Europe, shrinking populations are putting pressure on pension systems, healthcare services, and labor markets, prompting debates about immigration and family policies .

Globally, the United Nations forecasts that population growth will slow over the coming decades, eventually peaking around 2084 before beginning to decline.

The population divide is already visible in today’s headlines. In Africa, rapid growth is straining resources and intensifying discussions on food security and climate resilience. A recent UN report found that while global hunger has slightly declined, Africa still faces severe food shortages driven by conflict and extreme weather.

It’s a simple yet powerful visualisation that reframes how we think about influence, identity, and demography in a region where population trends are becoming as geopolitically significant as politics itself.

This demographic approach exposes a fascinating balance: while France, Italy, and the United Kingdom each form roughly one “population bloc” of about 80 million, a cluster of Central and Eastern European nations must combine to reach a similar total.

Europe’s demographic puzzle

Europe’s total population stands at about 744 million , according to Worldometer . But beneath that large number lies a stark reality: the continent’s population is ageing and shrinking in many regions.

Data from Eurostat shows that the EU’s natural population change — the difference between births and deaths — is now negative. In 2024, deaths outnumbered births across most EU countries, with migration becoming the only reason the population continues to grow.

In its Demography of Europe 2025 report , Eurostat revealed that the share of people aged 80 and over has risen from 3.8% in 2004 to 6.1% in 2024, and the median age across the bloc has climbed to nearly 45 years. The implications are profound — shrinking workforces, heavier social welfare burdens, and economic slowdowns that threaten long-term stability.

Migration as the balancing act

With declining fertility rates and an ageing population, migration has become Europe’s demographic lifeline. According to Reuters , the EU reached a record population of 450.4 million in 2024, but only because of net migration gains of about 2.3 million, offsetting a natural loss of 1.3 million.

Without immigration, Europe’s population would already be in steady decline.

This reality has made migration both a necessity and a political flashpoint. Countries like Germany, France, and Spain depend on migrant labour to sustain their economies, while Eastern and Southern European nations are grappling with emigration, the steady outflow of young workers seeking better opportunities abroad.

This article highlights the top 10 countries with the largest Chinese populations outside of China, with Indonesia (11.2 million), Thailand (7.0 million), Malaysia (6.9 million), the U.S. (5.8 million), and Singapore (3.1 million) leading the list.

These figures, compiled by analysts based on Statista, underline both long-standing migration legacies and more recent waves of movement. But to understand the true dynamics behind this diaspora, one must look beyond raw numbers to issues of identity, political engagement, and global shifts.

According to the Overseas Community Affairs Council ( Taiwan ), roughly 49.7 million people of Chinese descent live outside mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, a number that has grown significantly over recent decades. Asia hosts the lion’s share of this diaspora (around 34.6 million), followed by the Americas (9.8 million).

What is surprising is how fast some diaspora communities are adapting or resisting to new generational and geopolitical pressures. A 2025 analysis in East Asia Forum notes that the majority of the diaspora now belongs to the locally born second, third or later generations, who often align more closely with their countries of residence than with China.

Recent news also confirms that China’s outward migration is evolving. In Malaysia, for example, the number of Chinese citizens is reported to have nearly doubled over the past three years, driven by students and investors seeking opportunities in a more affordable, familiar environment.

On a broader scale, capital flight and migration of high-net-worth Chinese are influencing global real estate and financial markets. Destinations like Singapore, the U.S., Canada, and Australia continue to attract affluent Chinese seeking alternative residences or investment footholds abroad.

The most recent data from Eurostat (2024) reveals stark disparities. Türkiye and Bulgaria top the list, with 30% of their populations facing poverty or social exclusion, followed closely by Romania (28%), Greece (27%), and Lithuania (26%).

Even major economies such as Spain, Italy, and Germany register notable risk levels, underscoring that wealth alone doesn’t guarantee inclusion.

This disparity reflects deep-rooted economic and social divides. Countries in southern and eastern Europe still face weaker labour markets, lower wages, and limited social protection systems. In Greece and Romania, years of fiscal austerity and underinvestment have left enduring scars.

Meanwhile, nations like Germany and France, though more prosperous, grapple with their own inequality challenges, especially among younger and migrant populations.

Eurostat data shows that young adults aged 18–24 are most vulnerable, with 26% at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Unemployment is a major factor, as more than two-thirds (66%) of unemployed adults in the EU face this risk. The gender gap persists, too, with 21.9% of women at risk, compared to 20.0% of men.

Migration adds another layer to this challenge. Nearly 45.5% of non-EU citizens living within the EU face the risk of poverty or exclusion, compared with 18.9% of nationals. This highlights how integration barriers, limited access to decent jobs, and language gaps deepen inequality.

Europe’s poverty challenge mirrors broader global economic tensions. The World Bank recently revised its International Poverty Line upward from $2.15 to $3.00 per day, instantly adding around 125 million people worldwide to the ranks of the poor.

While global poverty is slowly returning to pre-pandemic levels, many developing nations remain trapped by inflation , debt, and unstable food prices.

The president stressed that no financial concessions were made to Washington and that the understanding is “limited, carefully vetted, and aligned with ECOWAS protocols.” He said it reflects Ghana’s Pan-African commitment to regional cooperation while safeguarding national sovereignty and security.

Mahama also revealed that trade talks with the US are still underway, including discussions to revise a 15% tariff and renew the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), which has long granted duty-free access for African exports.

Other African nations, including Rwanda , Eswatini, and South Sudan, negotiated similar deals with the US to curb undocumented migration while seeking fairer trade terms.

By absolute size, Germany hosts the EU’s largest foreign-born population (15.8 million), followed by France (10.1 million), the UK (9.6 million) and Italy (6 million).

These totals are Eurostat’s harmonised “foreign-born” stocks, which count usual residents by country of birth rather than citizenship. Outside the EU aggregates, the United Kingdom also remains one of Europe ’s top destinations.

Smaller states, however, have the highest shares of foreign-born residents, with Luxembourg and Malta perennial outliers. Northern and Alpine countries such as Sweden and Austria also sit near the top by share, reflecting long-standing labour routes and humanitarian inflows.

Eurostat’s tables further put Ukrainian, Turkish and Moroccan citizens among the largest groups of non-EU nationals living in the EU, while Romanian and Polish citizens dominate intra-EU mobility as another reminder that Europe’s migration story spans both neighbours and member states.

Tying this information to market trends, Europe’s working-age population is flat to shrinking, yet demand for skills tied to the green and digital transitions is rising.

Migration eases those bottlenecks at the margin, helping explain why euro-area unemployment remains close to historic lows (around 6.2% this summer).

At the same time, the latest inflation prints in major euro-area economies, including Germany, ticked higher in September, complicating the ECB’s next steps after rate cuts earlier in the year.

Globally, as of 2025, there are about 101.07 males for every 100 females in the world population. That slight male majority is driven largely by higher birth ratios favouring boys, though over time that tilt tends to fade as women live longer on average.

However, beyond childhood, the balance shifts in many countries toward more women, especially in older age brackets.

Countries such as Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Bahrain appear in deep blue places where men heavily outnumber women. According to projections, Qatar’s male-to-female ratio is approximately 246 men per 100 women, the highest in the world currently.

Much of this is due to labour migration. That is, Gulf states import huge numbers of male workers for industries such as construction, oil, and infrastructure. These migrant populations skew the sex balance dramatically.

On the flip side, much of Europe, parts of Latin America, and Russia lean strongly towards red (more women than men). In Russia, for example, decades of elevated male mortality (from lifestyle, health, or conflicts) have dramatically thinned the male ranks.

Eastern European nations also show pronounced female majorities, a legacy of war losses and health – and a reminder that sex ratios are shaped by far more than birth preferences.

Then there are the more subtle shades: nations whose ratios are near parity — light pink or light blue. Ghana, for instance, has approximately 99.7 men for every 100 women in 2025, essentially balanced.

India and China, with their massive populations (and well-documented gender biases), still register as having more men than women on aggregate.

This demographic snapshot also arrives amid renewed global debate about gender and leadership.

At the 2025 UN General Assembly, voices are growing louder for the appointment of a female U.N. Secretary-General , breaking an 80-year run of male leadership.

Elsewhere, new reports warn that artificial intelligence may disproportionately threaten women’s jobs (28% at risk vs 21% for men) unless action is taken to address the gender digital divide.

This lopsided distribution arises largely because the Northern Hemisphere contains more landmass, including Asia, Europe, most of North America, and a large portion of Africa, which in turn supports dense urbanisation, infrastructure, and economic activity.

When you see that 87% number, it’s more than a curious statistic; it underscores how global power, investment, and influence tend to cluster. Countries with massive populations like China, India, the United States, and most of Europe all lie north of the Equator. Their sheer demographic weight drives innovation, consumption, and geopolitics.

Because so many people and economies are concentrated in one half of the planet, the Northern Hemisphere often commands more attention in global policy, infrastructure, and climate response. Investments in logistics, digital infrastructure, energy grids, and finance tend to gravitate toward where the demand and population are.

Meanwhile, countries in the Southern Hemisphere, though rich in natural resources and biodiversity, often face challenges of remoteness, lower infrastructure density, and lesser influence in some global forums.

In 2025, the weight of Northern Hemisphere populations carries fresh implications in a world grappling with climate change , supply-chain stress, geopolitical competition, and migration pressures.

Consider climate risk: coastal megacities in the Northern Hemisphere, from New York to Mumbai to Tokyo, host hundreds of millions of people living in low-lying zones vulnerable to sea level rise. Governments must plan infrastructure resilience precisely where the most people live.

On trade and supply chains, disruptions in Asia, Europe, or North America can ripple far and wide, because so much of global manufacturing, consumption, and transport passes through northern hubs. When China or Europe issues a supply chain warning, it tends to cascade faster.

Here are the key reasons behind the move:

1. Concerns over immigration abuse

UAE officials say the decision is aimed at curbing the number of Ugandans and other nationalities who overstay their visas after entering the country. Overstaying has become a persistent problem, leading to undocumented workers and pressure on immigration systems.

2. Rising criminal activities

Authorities also cited concerns about unlawful activities linked to a small number of Ugandan travellers. While details were not made public, the UAE has increasingly flagged risks around fraud, illegal employment, and organised networks using lax visa policies to their advantage.

3. Targeting high-risk categories

Rather than banning all Ugandans, the restrictions focus on “high-risk” categories of individuals considered most likely to violate visa terms. This means some travellers will still be able to visit, but under tighter scrutiny and mostly on short-term visas.

4. Not a blanket ban

Uganda ’s foreign ministry stressed that the new policy does not amount to a total prohibition. “Some people will still go, but it will be based on the risk of a person overstaying their visa or failing to respect the laws and culture of the UAE,” Oryem clarified.

5. Policy shift in the UAE

The UAE’s 2026 visa ban applies to several African and European countries. Officials say the restrictions are part of a regional immigration strategy to protect the labour market and maintain social order as inbound migration grows.

Yet, new data shows Brazil might not be as culturally isolated as many believe. According to the Country Similarity Index , which evaluates nations across demographics, culture, politics, infrastructure, and geography, several Latin American countries share strikingly similar profiles.

At the top of the list is Colombia, scoring 76.3 out of 100, making it Brazil’s closest match. Venezuela follows with 73.4, and Uruguay comes next at 72.8. Paraguay, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, and the Dominican Republic all hover just a few points behind, while El Salvador and Panama round out the top ten at 70.6.

The index considers far more than shared language or religion . It measures how nations align in everything from racial diversity to infrastructure development and political systems.

This holistic approach reveals why countries like Colombia and Brazil, despite their different colonial pasts, often feel connected in terms of culture, societal structure, and even geography.

This finding comes at a crucial moment for the region. Latin America is facing shared challenges: migration crises, economic volatility, climate change pressures, and renewed conversations about regional cooperation.

Brazil’s growing role as a diplomatic and economic hub means its closest cultural neighbors are likely to be key partners in addressing these issues. Colombia’s top ranking is especially significant given ongoing collaboration between the two nations on Amazon rainforest protection, cross-border migration policies, and trade.

Beyond politics, cultural exchange remains a powerful driver of unity. Brazilian music , television, and football have wide influence across the region, while Spanish-speaking neighbors continue to shape Brazil’s own art and media scene.

These similarities help foster deeper integration within blocs like Mercosur, where shared social and economic priorities can translate into faster alignment on infrastructure , technology, and climate agreements.

At the centre of the case is Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem’s decision earlier this year to end Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Venezuelan migrants, a humanitarian programme first introduced by the Biden administration in 2021 and later extended. The White House argues that maintaining TPS is “contrary to the national interest”.

In May, the Supreme Court allowed Trump to proceed with rescinding the protections, despite objections from liberal Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson. But a federal judge in California later issued an order temporarily restoring TPS, a ruling upheld by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. In its latest emergency petition, the government accused Judge Edward Chen and the appeals court of taking an “indefensible” position.

Legal experts say the dispute underscores broader questions about how much weight lower courts should give to the Supreme Court’s often terse emergency rulings. “They tell us nothing”, said appellate judge James Wynn earlier this month, reflecting the frustration of jurists faced with scant guidance from the nation’s highest court.

At stake is not only the fate of hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans who have built their lives in the United States , but also the balance of power between the executive branch and the judiciary in shaping immigration policy. Lawyers for the migrants argue that Noem’s decision violated federal administrative procedures and was driven by political and racial bias.

The outcome could determine whether Venezuelan migrants remain shielded from deportation or face removal as Trump presses ahead with one of the most hard-line immigration agendas in modern US history.

Austria has opened political channels with the Taliban by hosting a delegation from the Islamic Emirate to discuss the deportation of 20 Afghan migrants with criminal records. Analysts see this as a sign that European nations may be warming to limited engagement with Kabul’s rulers to address security and migration concerns.

UNAMA’s role dispute

A national debate continues over whether the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) is playing a constructive mediating role or has become irrelevant amid the Taliban’s consolidation of power.

Imran Khan urges Pakistan to send a peace delegation

From outside Afghanistan, imprisoned former Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan called on Islamabad to send a peace delegation to Kabul, arguing that closer coordination is needed to stabilise cross-border security.

Internet shutdown fallout

Inside Afghanistan, the Taliban dispatched six ministers to Kandahar to address public anger over internet shutdowns, which have disrupted commerce, education, and communications. This marks one of the most direct government responses to digital rights concerns since the Taliban’s return to power.

Taliban threatens forced evictions in Herat township

Human rights concerns are also rising as reports emerge of threatened forced evictions in Herat, targeting Hazara residents, a move that has sparked fears of ethnic discrimination and displacement.

Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire under threat as Sahel insurgencies creep south: Eigenrac analysis

Militant reach from Burkina Faso is eroding buffers to wealthier coastal states. A recent attack in northern Côte d’Ivoire highlights how extremist violence is spilling into Benin, Togo, and Ghana, fueling displacement and cross-border threats. The southward push raises wider concerns for Europe and the West over migration, humanitarian crises, and insecurity along the Gulf of Guinea. Read more here .

Emerging markets news: Morocco’s bet on digital and green energy assessed

Leveraging its position between Europe and Africa, Morocco is emerging as a centre for digital innovation and renewable energy, driven by major solar, wind, and hydrogen projects to meet local and European demand. Read more here .

Why food prices are surging everywhere

Global food prices are surging, squeezing households, straining farmers, and threatening food security worldwide. Read more here .

Asia

Xi Jinping leads China’s largest military parade in decades: Video

China marked Victory Day with its biggest military parade in decades, showcasing advanced weapons and projecting global influence. Read more here .

Japan PM Ishiba resigns after bruising election losses

Japanese PM Shigeru Ishiba resigned Sunday, raising policy uncertainty for the world’s fourth-largest economy. Read more here .

How Taiwan could revive nuclear power, step by step: Video

Taiwan closed its last nuclear reactor in August, but debate over the future of nuclear power and its impact on health, safety, and energy security continues. Read more here .

Latin America

Bolsonaro supporters rally in Brazil as coup trial nears verdict

Thousands of Bolsonaro supporters protested across Brazil on Sunday, days before his trial over alleged coup plotting after the 2022 election. Read more here .

Global South Politics: The ‘collapse’ of Bolivia’s ruling MAS party - Video

Bolivia’s ruling MAS party faced a major setback in the August 17 elections, driven by economic troubles and internal divisions. Read more here .

COP30 comes to the Amazon — But will it help the people who live there?

Amid Brazil’s Amazon’s illegal activities, the world often overlooks the harsh social and economic realities facing indigenous people. Read more here .