This concludes our live coverage of Peru’s 2026 general election. Stay with Global South World for the latest developments and final outcomes as the electoral process continues to unfold.

02:33 GMT: Peru extends voting into Monday after more than 63,000 people were unable to cast their ballots.

Electoral authorities announced that voting will continue until 13 April in order to allow those affected by earlier disruptions to participate. The decision follows reports of delays and logistical issues at polling stations that prevented tens of thousands of voters from casting their ballots during Sunday’s election.

23:10 GMT: Polls close in Peru’s first-round presidential election, with exit polls pointing to Keiko Fujimori in the lead.

According to a Datum exit poll, right-wing candidate Keiko Fujimori is the most voted, while Rafael López Aliaga appears to be narrowly edging into second place, with only a slim margin over Jorge Nieto, suggesting a tightly contested race for the run-off.

23:05 GMT: P olls close in Peru as attention turns to which candidates will advance to a likely run-off

Voting has officially ended across the country following an extended election day marked by delays and logistical challenges. With a highly fragmented field of 35 candidates and no clear frontrunner, expectations are growing that the presidential race will head to a second round, with results set to determine which two candidates move forward to the decisive run-off.

22:44 GMT: Fuerza Popular presidential candidate Keiko Fujimori calls on electoral authorities to extend voting hours or organise a complementary vote for affected polling stations.

Fujimori urged the National Jury of Elections (JNE) and the Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) to take additional measures to ensure participation at 211 polling stations reportedly impacted by earlier disruptions. Her remarks come amid broader concerns over delays and logistical issues during election day.

20:50 GMT: Presidential candidate Francisco Diez Canseco of Perú Acción casts his vote at Alfonso Ugarte school in Lima’s San Isidro district during the 2026 election

20:45 GMT: Allegations of potential electoral irregularities emerge in Peru, with claims that around 13% of polling stations in Lima, representing over one million votes, may have been affected.

While these assertions have not been officially confirmed, they have prompted calls in some quarters to review the voting process, with suggestions that parts of the election could be repeated if significant irregularities are verified.

18:50 GMT: Presidential candidate José Luna Gálvez of Podemos Perú casts his vote at the Parque de la Amistad Convention Centre in Lima’s Santiago de Surco district

18:40 GMT: Peru’s interim president dismisses fraud claims following delays in opening polling stations

18:25 GMT: Magnitude 4 earthquake felt in Lima and Callao during Peru’s election day, with no injuries or damage reported.

Authorities said the tremor, centred offshore in the Pacific, was mild and posed no tsunami risk.

18:20 GMT: Presidential candidate Mario Vizcarra of Perú Primero casts his vote at Federico Villareal school in Lima’s Miraflores district

17:55 GMT: Peru’s electoral authorities extend voting by one hour nationwide following delays at polling stations, particularly in Lima, officials say.

The head of the ONPE, Piero Corvetto, said the election authority approved the measure, extending voting until 6:00 PM local time (11:00 PM GMT).

17:50 GMT: Presidential candidate George Forsyth of Somos Perú casts his vote at Isabel La Católica school in Lima’s La Victoria district

17:42 GMT: Presidential candidate Herbert Caller of the Partido Patriótico del Perú casts his vote at the National Agrarian University in Lima’s La Molina district

17:32 GMT: Reports emerge of voting disruptions in Lima, with some voters unable to cast ballots, raising concerns over the electoral process

17:10 GMT: Presidential candidate Antonio Ortiz of Salvemos al Perú casts his vote at Santa María Purísima school in Lima’s San Martín de Porres district

16:27 GMT: Presidential candidate Carlos Jaico casts his vote at Alfonso Ugarte school in Lima’s San Isidro district

15:40 GMT: Several major polling stations in Peru report delays in opening and receiving voters, in some cases due to a lack of electoral materials

15:20 GMT: Presidential candidate Rafael López Aliaga casts his vote during Peru’s general election

15:05 GMT: Presidential candidate Jorge Nieto violates electoral law by casting his vote outside the secret ballot booth

15:00 GMT: Presidential candidate Álvaro Paz de la Barra casts his vote in Lima’s La Molina district during Peru’s 2026 general election

14:00 GMT: Fuerza Popular presidential candidate Keiko Fujimori waves as she arrives to cast her vote in Lima

13:00 GMT: Keiko Fujimori, joined by family members, visits the grave of her father, former president Alberto Fujimori, at a Lima cemetery

12:52 GMT: Keiko Fujimori heads to a cemetery ahead of her election day breakfast, saying it is her way of honouring her parents’ memory

12:49 GMT: Presidential candidate Rafael López Aliaga heads to Pamplona Alta for traditional election day breakfast

12:30 GMT: Peru activates large-scale security operation for Sunday’s general election

12:00 GMT: Polls open across Peru as voting begins in highly fragmented election featuring a record 35 candidates

The voting process is set to run for 10 hours on election day, with polls expected to open at 7:00 AM local time (12:00 PM GMT) and close at 5:00 PM local time (10:00 PM GMT).

What to know

On April 12, Peru will hold its general election, in which voters will choose a new president, two vice-presidents and all members of Congress. If no presidential candidate secures more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a run-off will be held between the top two candidates several weeks later. Voting is compulsory for citizens aged 18 to 70, although enforcement of penalties for abstention is often inconsistent.

The election takes place against a backdrop of prolonged political instability. Over the past decade, Peru has had eight presidents, reflecting a persistent cycle of institutional crisis, impeachment proceedings and governance challenges. This instability has eroded public trust in political institutions and contributed to widespread voter disillusionment.

Security concerns, economic uncertainty and frustration with political elites are central issues shaping voter sentiment. While Peru has traditionally maintained macroeconomic stability, inequality, informal employment and rising crime rates remain pressing concerns for many voters.

The political landscape is highly fragmented and crowded. A record number of 35 candidates are contesting the 2026 election, making the outcome difficult to predict and increasing the likelihood of a run-off. Polling suggests a large share of undecided voters, further adding to uncertainty.

Front-running candidates & proposals

Keiko Fujimori (Fuerza Popular): A prominent right-wing candidate and experienced political figure, Fujimori has consistently ranked among the frontrunners. She campaigns on strengthening security, encouraging investment and restoring political stability, while maintaining a strong and loyal support base despite past electoral defeats and legal controversies.

Rafael López Aliaga (Renovación Popular): Another leading right-wing figure, López Aliaga appeals to conservative voters with proposals focused on economic liberalisation, infrastructure development and a tougher stance on crime.

Other candidates: The race includes a wide range of contenders from across the political spectrum, but none has consolidated sufficient support to clearly dominate the field. This fragmentation reflects broader dissatisfaction with traditional political parties.

Political climate & stakes

Peru’s election comes at a critical moment for its democracy. The country’s recent history of rapid presidential turnover underscores deep institutional weaknesses and ongoing tensions between the executive and legislative branches. Governance challenges have often led to confrontations, impeachments and abrupt leadership changes.

The campaign has also highlighted polarisation within Peruvian society. Candidates have sought to mobilise voters through strong rhetoric, with some framing the election as a turning point for stability and order. High-profile rallies, including those led by Fujimori, have emphasised resilience and defiance amid a competitive and uncertain race.

With no clear frontrunner and a fragmented political field, analysts expect the next president to face significant challenges in building consensus in Congress. This could limit the government ’s ability to pass reforms and address key issues such as security, economic recovery and institutional reform.

Ultimately, the election is seen as a test of Peru’s ability to break its cycle of political instability and restore confidence in its democratic system.

The transition from Humala to Kuczynski in 2016 initially followed a standard electoral process, yet it also marked the beginning of a more fragmented political era. Kuczynski governed with a hostile Congress, which repeatedly sought his removal. Mounting pressure linked to corruption allegations ultimately led to his resignation in March 2018, setting a precedent for executive vulnerability under congressional scrutiny.

His successor, Vizcarra, inherited both the presidency and the institutional conflict. His decision to dissolve Congress in 2019, though constitutional, intensified political polarisation. In November 2020, Congress removed him on grounds of “moral incapacity”, a constitutional provision that has since become central to Peru’s instability. This mechanism, broadly defined and politically contested, has enabled repeated presidential removals without the need for criminal conviction.

The short-lived presidency of Merino, lasting only five days, highlighted the limits of congressional legitimacy when faced with public opposition. Mass protests forced his resignation, leading Congress to appoint Sagasti as a transitional president. Sagasti’s administration restored a degree of stability, overseeing elections and completing a full interim mandate, which remains an exception in an otherwise turbulent decade.

The election of Castillo in 2021 once again raised expectations of political renewal. However, his presidency was characterised by persistent confrontation with Congress, frequent cabinet changes, and ongoing investigations. The crisis culminated in December 2022, when Castillo attempted to dissolve Congress and was immediately removed from office. His vice-president, Boluarte, assumed power, but her tenure was also marked by protests, governance challenges, and eventual removal by Congress in 2025.

The appointment of Jerí as interim president in 2025 continued the pattern of short-lived administrations. His removal in early 2026, following allegations of misconduct, reinforced the perception of systemic instability rather than isolated crises. Across these transitions, a consistent pattern emerges: presidents rarely complete their mandates, and leadership changes are driven more by institutional confrontation than by electoral cycles.

Several structural factors explain this phenomenon. Peru’s fragmented party system weakens executive support in Congress, while the constitutional provision of “moral incapacity” provides a flexible tool for removal. Additionally, corruption investigations have affected multiple administrations, further eroding public trust. These conditions create a political environment in which governance is often secondary to survival.

As Peru approaches new general elections , the primary expectation is not necessarily political transformation but institutional stabilisation. The key challenge for future leadership will be to establish a functional relationship between the executive and legislative branches. Without reforms that clarify constitutional ambiguities and strengthen party systems, the cycle observed over the past decade is likely to persist, regardless of electoral outcomes.

A new voting simulation reported by El Comercio shows Peru’s 2026 presidential race remains highly volatile just days before the April 12 election. The poll suggests no clear frontrunner, with several candidates clustered closely and a significant share of undecided voters. Analysts say the “electoral board keeps shifting” as alliances and late campaign dynamics influence voter preferences. The fragmented landscape reflects broader political instability following years of institutional crisis. Experts warn that the lack of a dominant candidate could lead to a highly contested second round. The findings underline the unpredictability of one of Peru’s most uncertain elections in recent history .

One dead and dozens injured in Lima stadium incident

At least one person has died, and dozens were injured following a crowd incident outside Lima’s Alejandro Villanueva Stadium ahead of a match involving Alianza Lima. Authorities ruled out any structural collapse, indicating the incident was caused by disorder among fans gathered for a pre-match event. Emergency services treated numerous injured people, several of them in critical condition, as investigations continue into the circumstances. Officials and club representatives pledged full cooperation to determine responsibility. Despite the incident, the domestic league confirmed the fixture would go ahead as planned. The tragedy has renewed concerns over crowd control and safety at major sporting events in Peru.

Peruvian engineer joins historic Artemis II moon mission

Peruvian engineer Jackelynne Silva Martinez has been highlighted for her role in NASA’s Artemis II, the mission set to orbit the Moon. Her participation marks a significant milestone for Peru’s presence in global space exploration. According to reports by La Republica, Silva Martínez is contributing to key engineering aspects of the programme. The mission is part of broader efforts to return humans to the Moon and pave the way for future Mars exploration. Her achievement has been widely celebrated as an inspiration for young scientists in Peru. Officials and academics emphasised the importance of investing in science and technology to build on such successes.

Mining exports surge driven by gold and copper

Peru’s mining exports recorded a sharp increase of 47.6% in December 2025, according to figures from the Ministry of Energy and Mines of Peru cited by La Republica. The growth was largely driven by strong international demand for gold and copper, the country’s main export commodities . The figures highlight the continued importance of the mining sector to Peru’s economy, accounting for a significant share of export revenues. Authorities noted that global market conditions and production levels both contributed to the surge. Economists say the trend could support economic recovery if sustained. However, they also stress the need for diversification to reduce dependence on raw materials.

Peruvian scientists highlight climate impact in Antarctica

A group of Peruvian researchers participating in Antarctic missions have warned about the growing impact of climate change on the continent’s megafauna. According to La Republica, the scientists—described as ambassadors of Peru and science—are studying how rising temperatures affect marine ecosystems and species survival. Their findings point to shifts in animal behaviour and habitat conditions linked to global warming. The research forms part of Peru’s ongoing scientific presence in Antarctica. Experts stress that such studies are crucial for understanding global climate patterns. The initiative also highlights Peru’s contribution to international environmental research efforts.

The upcoming election stands out for the unusually high number of candidates. More than thirty contenders have registered to run, making it one of the most crowded presidential races in the country’s history . This reflects a highly fragmented political landscape, where parties are divided, and new political movements continue to emerge without clear dominance.

For many voters, the wide range of options has not necessarily translated into enthusiasm. Instead, it has contributed to confusion and scepticism, with a large portion of the electorate still undecided. Analysts suggest that this reflects a broader sense of disillusionment, as citizens struggle to identify candidates who can effectively address the country’s ongoing challenges.

The campaign itself has been marked by a limited focus on detailed policy proposals. While candidates have put forward a variety of ideas, critics argue that there has been little in-depth debate on key issues such as public security , corruption, and economic inequality. As a result, the election has often been characterised more by personalities than by clear political programmes.

Despite the political turmoil, Peru’s economy has remained relatively stable compared to other countries in the region. However, experts warn that continued instability could eventually affect investor confidence and economic performance, especially if the next government struggles to maintain consistent policies.

With no clear frontrunner likely to secure an outright majority, a second-round runoff appears almost certain. This means that alliances and voter mobilisation will play a crucial role in determining the final outcome. As election day approaches, Peru faces a critical moment that could either stabilise its political system or prolong a cycle of uncertainty.

Jeri took office in October after Peru’s Congress voted unanimously to remove his predecessor, Dina Boluarte. His removal makes him Peru’s third consecutive president to be ousted. Legislators will now elect a new head of Congress, who will also assume the presidency. The appointment will mark Peru’s eighth president in as many years.

The decision extends a period of political instability that has affected the Andean nation for much of the past decade.

Journalist Juan Zapata told Global South World that when Jeri came into office last October, he pledged to fight against organised crime, “but the criminal organisations that rule in Peru, they are the allies of Jeri.”

Reports show that Peru has faced rising crime rates in recent years. In the past five years, the homicide rate increased from 5.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2020 to 10.7 in 2025. According to the Observatory of Crime and Violence, 29.3% more extortions were reported during the first eight months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024.

A study conducted by the Regional Health Directorate of Tumbes (DIRESA) between 2017 and 2018 detected concentrations of lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium above permitted standards, concluding the water was unfit for human consumption. Local residents say blood tests have shown heavy metal levels above normal ranges, while farmers report damage to crops and rejected exports. Communities are calling on authorities at all levels to prioritise access to safe drinking water, invest in treatment infrastructure and strengthen health monitoring.

Presidential hopeful Carlos Álvarez warned he could withdraw from the race amid allegations surrounding the misuse of public electoral funds, injecting fresh tension into Peru’s already polarised political climate. His remarks came as scrutiny mounted over how state resources are being distributed to political parties ahead of upcoming elections. The controversy has intensified public debate about transparency and campaign ethics, with rival politicians demanding stricter oversight mechanisms. Analysts say the dispute risks undermining confidence in the electoral process at a time when voter trust in political institutions remains fragile.

Election authority audits party financing

Peru’s electoral authority, ONPE, has launched audits into the use of public campaign funding by ten political parties as preparations for the polls accelerate. Officials said the move aims to ensure legal compliance and prevent irregular spending during the campaign season. The investigation has put several political groups on notice and revived calls for reforms to Peru’s party-financing system. Civil society organisations argue that stronger enforcement will be key to restoring confidence in democratic institutions after years of political turbulence.

Tackling crime

President Jerí Oré held talks with neighbourhood security committees as part of efforts to reinforce local-level crime prevention strategies. The meetings focused on coordination between residents, police forces and municipal authorities in areas struggling with rising insecurity. Government officials said the initiative forms part of a broader push to involve communities directly in public-safety programmes. Critics, however, argue that grassroots cooperation must be matched by deeper institutional reforms and increased resources for law enforcement.

Prison system overhaul

Authorities formally announced a major restructuring of Peru’s penitentiary system with the creation of a new agency, SUNIR, designed to modernise prison management and reduce overcrowding. The reform follows years of concern about deteriorating conditions and the influence of criminal groups inside detention facilities. Officials said SUNIR would improve infrastructure, security controls and rehabilitation programmes for inmates. Opposition lawmakers and human-rights advocates are pressing for details on funding and oversight to ensure the reform delivers meaningful change rather than bureaucratic reshuffling.

Peru and US deepen military cooperation

Peru and the United States agreed to strengthen defence ties after Washington formally designated Lima a NATO global partner, a status aimed at boosting cooperation in training, logistics and security coordination. The announcement signals a closer strategic relationship between the two countries amid shifting regional security dynamics. Government officials described the move as a diplomatic success that could modernise Peru’s armed forces and expand joint operations. Critics, however, have urged caution, warning that deeper military alignment with the US could provoke domestic political backlash or regional sensitivities.

The event was attended by senior officials and diplomats, including Peru’s Minister of Culture Alfredo Luna and Yi Yuanqing, a business representative from the Chinese Embassy. Authorities described the celebration as a symbol of shared heritage between two ancient civilisations and an opportunity to strengthen people-to-people links through culture.

However, the festivities unfolded against the backdrop of mounting scrutiny over President José Jeri’s unregistered private meetings with Chinese businessman Zhihua Yang. The meetings are currently under prosecutorial investigation amid allegations of possible influence-peddling, which the president has denied, dismissing the claims as politically motivated. Government officials said the administration is cooperating with authorities as the inquiry continues ahead of Peru’s upcoming elections .

Footage filmed by Viory on Friday, January 30, shows hundreds of dancers performing in brightly coloured, hand-embroidered costumes, accompanied by folkloric music and traditional choreography. Masks, percussion and elaborate outfits reflect ancestral beliefs and customs passed down through generations across the Andean region.

Local authorities highlight the festival’s role in preserving a shared cultural heritage that predates modern national borders. The traditions on display blend influences from what are now Chile, Bolivia and Peru, underscoring a common Andean worldview rooted in history , spirituality and community life.

First held officially in 2003, the carnival takes its name from the desert sun and the Andean sun god, a symbol of life and renewal. Today, it is recognised not only as a major tourist attraction but also as an important space for intercultural exchange and regional identity in northern Chile.

Visitors moving through the fair encountered stalls filled with alasitas, miniature figures representing personal aspirations, alongside stones, candles and natural quartz. These objects form part of a belief system in which material symbols are used to give shape to desires, with the expectation that intention and ritual can help turn them into reality.

Now in its 27th edition, the fair reflects practices shared across the Peruvian–Bolivian highlands, where faith in miniatures and wishes has been passed down for generations. Vendors say the figures commonly represent homes, vehicles, family life or economic stability, mirroring the goals many people set at the beginning of a new year.

In addition to the miniatures, the fair offers cleansing baths, amulets and energy rituals aimed at attracting health , love, prosperity and success. For many participants, selecting an item marks the symbolic beginning of a process through which hopes for the coming year are activated.

The Fair of Wishes will remain open until early February, but its significance is closely tied to the New Year period. In a global context shaped by uncertainty and rapid change, the tradition stands as a distinctly Peruvian way of welcoming the year ahead through cultural continuity and collective belief.

Footage recorded this week shows shelves and tables throughout Valencia’s home filled with nativity displays of varying sizes, materials and styles. The scenes represent countries and regions including Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Spain, Italy and Hungary, as well as broader cultural interpretations from Africa, the Caribbean and the Middle East , highlighting the diversity of Christmas traditions beyond their European origins.

Valencia began building the collection in 1991, after the death of her father just days before Christmas Eve. What started as a way to preserve the spirit of the season during a period of personal loss gradually evolved into an annual event, with visitors coming to view the displays and engage with the different cultural expressions of the nativity story.

Encouraged by growing interest from both local and international visitors, Valencia now plans to seek global recognition for her collection. “I want to fill out the application, apply to the Guinness Records,” she said, explaining that visitors from Peru and abroad have told her they have not seen an entire house dedicated to such a wide range of nativity scenes and traditions.

Despite suffering a serious fall earlier this week, Valencia said she remains committed to continuing the tradition, which takes around two months each year to assemble. For her, the project has come to represent more than a seasonal display, reflecting a long-standing effort to share cultural diversity and keep a personal legacy alive through a universally recognised celebration.

An example of this trend is Chile, where José Antonio Kast , a right-wing conservative, won the December 2025 presidential runoff with about 58% of the vote, defeating leftist candidate Jeannette Jara.

His victory marks one of the clearest rightward political shifts in the country since its transition to democracy in 1990, and places Chile alongside other South American states now governed by conservative leaders.

Kast joins leaders such as Ecuador’s Daniel Noboa, El Salvador’s Nayib Bukele, and Argentina’s Javier Milei to show a regional shift away from leftist dominance.

The trend was further highlighted in October, when Bolivia elected centrist Rodrigo Paz, bringing nearly 20 years of socialist rule to an end.

Yet this rightward shift is not without its challenges and critics. Scholars like Ken Roberts, a professor at Cornell University, warned of potential political polarisation and institutional strains as new administrations push their agendas amid divided electorates ahead of the run-off.

“A Kast victory would reinforce the recent surge of right and far-right political actors in Latin America, who are strongly supported by the Trump Administration in the US. But it would also continue a much longer pattern of volatile anti-incumbent voting in Latin America's turbulent democratic waters. This latter pattern suggests that any political shift to the right in Chile and neighbouring countries is likely to encounter strong political headwinds and underlying fragilities in a regional context of acute polarisation and severely atrophied political institutions,” Roberts said.

The continent's electoral calendar continues with significant votes ahead in countries like Peru, Colombia and Brazil, and observers will be watching closely to see whether the current momentum carries forward or stalls.

In a session of the National Citizen Security Council, José Jerí rejected any responsibility for the current rise in criminality, instead placing the blame on previous government s and several former Interior Ministers. He argued that structural failures inherited from past administrations created today’s security crisis. Jerí insisted that his government is working to reverse this deterioration and promised that the current administration will leave a meaningful “legacy” in the field of citizen security. He reiterated that current challenges stem from long-standing institutional weaknesses rather than recent decisions.

Presidential candidate Rafael Belaúnde survives attack on his vehicle

Rafael Belaúnde, presidential candidate for Libertad Popular, was wounded when gunmen fired at his vehicle in Cerro Azul, leaving the car with multiple bullet impacts. Despite the severity of the attack, Belaúnde was not seriously injured and has begun formal procedures by filing a police report. The incident has fuelled concern about political violence during an already contentious pre-electoral period. The attack occurs as Peru moves towards the 2026 elections, heightening fears over the safety of candidates and the broader democratic environment.

Peru calls for calm over disputed Peru-Chile border territory

Amid rising public debate over the precise definition of the Peru–Chile border, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a formal statement clarifying the government’s position on territorial limits. The statement seeks to ease tensions and reinforce Peru’s official interpretation amid renewed scrutiny of the boundary line. Authorities emphasise that border issues require responsible handling to protect diplomatic stability. The episode highlights the sensitivity of territorial matters in the relationship between the two neighbouring countries.

Landslide in Iparia leaves at least 12 dead, dozens missing

A major landslide struck the fluvial port of Iparia in the Ucayali region, causing a section of the riverbank to collapse and dragging two boats underwater. At least 12 people, including children, were confirmed dead, while dozens more — among them Indigenous residents, medical workers and teachers — remain missing. The disaster has prompted urgent rescue efforts as authorities and families await updates. The scale of the incident has shocked local communities and intensified calls for improved disaster-risk prevention in riverine areas.

Agrarian exports surge 212 %

Peru’s agrarian exports expanded by an estimated 212% over the past nine months, reaching nearly US$9.8 billion, according to industry data. This growth is largely attributed to strong international demand for high-value products such as avocados, blueberries, cocoa and fresh grapes. The increase reflects sustained momentum in the country’s agricultural sector despite broader economic uncertainty. Analysts view the performance as a sign of renewed dynamism, reinforcing the importance of agro-exports in Peru’s external trade.

Families reported spending nights outdoors near the border crossing, with limited access to shelter, food, and basic services . Several migrants described the journey north as their last attempt to find stability after struggling to secure work and legal status in Chile. Instead, they now face uncertainty in a space where neither country is allowing them to move freely.

The situation reflects rising tensions between Chile and Peru over migration flows, as both governments have increasingly tightened their border policies in recent months. For migrants, these shifts translate into immediate humanitarian consequences, particularly for those travelling with children, elderly relatives, or limited resources.

As entry into Peru remains restricted, some migrants have attempted to negotiate with officials, while others simply wait, hoping the authorities will eventually allow passage. Many expressed frustration at the absence of clear communication about what documents or procedures would allow them to cross, deepening their sense of abandonment in a region they do not consider home.

For those stranded at the border, the standoff has become more than a diplomatic dispute, it is a daily struggle for safety, dignity, and the chance to keep moving. With no resolution in sight, migrants remain trapped between two states, facing a humanitarian situation that neither country appears ready to fully address.

This divide, has of course been exploited by politicians. From the 1970s onwards, the left sought to build support among racial minorities, gradually altering its own identity. Once fundamentally class-based, the “left” in the early 21st century took the fight not only to imperialist and colonial legacies but also to all those perceived to embody that heritage.

As a result, the integration that once defined the region has partly given way to racial fragmentation. Electoral maps from the last 20 years closely mirror the ethnic makeup of communities.

In Bolivia, the Aymara leader Evo Morales won office not only because voters endorsed the programme of his Movement for Socialism, but because of affinity to his indigenous background. Large constituencies backed him as he used anti-colonial rhetoric to seize and redistribute land from elite farmers, often of Spanish heritage.

In Bolivia’s 2025 election, the right-wing candidate Rodrigo Paz won with the backing of vice-presidential candidate Edman Lara - someone Indigenous voters consider one of their own. Tensions emerged immediately: Lara has mobilised supporters demanding expanded powers from the president.

In Peru, Communist Party leader Isaac Humala Núñez founded the Ethnocacerist Movement in 1987 with a straightforward agenda: power to the Indigenous population. His sons later built the Peruvian Nationalist Party on this foundation. One of them, Ollanta Humala became president in 2011. The party collapsed a few years later, but was replaced by a left-wing movement likewise oriented toward Indigenous voters, albeit without explicitly racial slogans. In 2021, its candidate Pedro Castillo - himself indigenous - won the presidency. Electoral maps show that Castillo prevailed in regions dominated by indigenous populations.

Ecuador’s elections have also taken on a racial character. Daniel Noboa won office with support from the Europeanised electorate and now faces protests from indigenous groups, escalating in some cases into armed confrontation.

In Brazil, the Workers’ Party—the main force of the left—does not explicitly foreground racial issues. However, after coming to power in 2003, it expanded affirmative-action policies explicitly aimed at increasing access for Black, Indigenous, and low-income Brazilians. 

The victory of right-wing candidate Jair Bolsonaro in 2019 was, to some extent, a revolt against these policies. Overlaid electoral and demographic maps tell the story: the “Black” Northeast voted for the left, while the “white” South and Southeast backed the right. The 2022 results show a similar pattern, though the left won that time - political preferences still matter, and Brazi’s divisions are less ethnically-based than, for example, Bolivia.

Colombia’s recent elections reveal a comparable trend. Around 60% of the population belongs to various ethnic groups distinguishing themselves from the “descendants of colonisers”. Left-wing candidate Gustavo Petro made race a visible part of his platform, promising to defend the rights of Indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities. Turnout in regions where those groups predominate surged, while the traditionally “white” centre of the country once again saw low participation.

Indigenous communities are beginning to step outside the framework of the left and articulate their own demands. Brazilian Indigenous groups staged unrest at a climate summit, opposing the construction of railways, power facilities and oil extraction in the Amazon - projects seen as vital for most Brazilians, but not for Indigenous groups. Similar dynamics are unfolding in Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile and even Argentina, where Indigenous populations are small minorities, yet still mobilising against development initiatives, sometimes violently, as seen in Chile and Ecuador.

The intensification of racial tensions destabilises Latin American states and obstructs their development. Crucially, these mobilisations rarely benefit indigenous communities themselves, but their leaders- often pursuing personal or group political and financial interests. They use left-wing movements as a façade, stoking conflict and provoking confrontation between “indigenous” and “non-indigenous” Latin Americans.

This opinion piece solely represents the views of the author, who has chosen not to disclose his name to avoid repercussions to his work. Global South World knows and can verify his identity.

Speaking at the Santa Rosa immigration complex, Jeri said Peru’s borders have “long been known for their vulnerabilities” and stressed that the situation requires “serious reflection” as a matter of state policy . He explained that the government will pursue a coordinated, multisector response to strengthen security across border provinces, including those adjacent to Chile.

Jeri said the first step will be the declaration of a state of emergency, allowing the Army to support the National Police in securing border areas and preventing irregular activities “by individuals of other nationalities who may enter with different intentions.”

He also emphasised that only travellers with proper documentation will be allowed to enter, adding that tightening border controls is essential to ongoing efforts to tackle crime. Preventing people from entering “irregularly,” he said, is key to addressing the country’s broader security challenges.

The announcement comes shortly after Chilean presidential candidate Jose Kast visited the Chile–Peru border, where he pledged to expel Venezuelan migrants from Chile if elected. It also follows a period in which Peru has adopted increasingly forceful measures in response to rising crime rates nationwide.

The giant behind the cocoa supply

Africa produces over 70% of the world’s cocoa, with Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana leading global supply.

Yet despite this dominance, Africa captures less than 5% of the global chocolate market value. Most of the wealth is made after cocoa leaves African shores through processing, branding, and retail.

Why Africa eats the least chocolate

Despite being the world’s largest cocoa source, chocolate consumption in Africa remains extremely low:

Reasons include affordability, limited local processing, low exposure, and the fact that chocolate has historically been marketed as a luxury import rather than a locally crafted product.

The world’s best chocolate

In a surprising twist, Peru was recently awarded the title of “World’s Best Chocolate” in global competitions such as the International Chocolate Awards and the Salon du Chocolat recognitions. Peru produces far less cocoa than West Africa , around 2% of global supply, but has invested heavily in:

By controlling more of the value chain, Peru has achieved what many African producers aspire to: global recognition for premium chocolate, not just raw cocoa.

The politics of value chains

The chocolate industry remains shaped by colonial trading patterns:

Efforts by Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire to impose a Living Income Differential (LID) show the struggle for fair pricing and better livelihoods for farmers who remain among the poorest in the agricultural sector.

Reframing the future

The future of chocolate depends on shifting power:

As chocolate continues to shape global tastes and economies, the question remains: Will Africa continue feeding the world or begin feeding itself?

Click here to watch our previous episodes

World Reframed is produced in London by  Global South  World, part of the Impactum Group. Its editors are Duncan Hooper and Ismail Akwei.

ISSN 2978-4891

Crafted by Cacaosuyo using cacao from Junin, the bar was named the overall winner at this year’s global competition.

Known informally as the “Chocolate Oscars,” the International Chocolate Awards are organised by a global network of specialists in cacao, gastronomy, and sensory analysis. The competition follows a regional format, with the Latin American round held in April and the final event taking place in Florence, Italy.

“On a personal level, having created a chocolate that has been recognised as the best in the world is an immense joy, because the idea and the whole concept of cacao came from the very beginning. The goal was to present Peruvian cacao to the world through our chocolate,” said Samir Giha, founder of Theobroma Inversiones and creator of the Cacaosuyo brand.

“I decided to make chocolate 12 years ago because it was something I was passionate about. I loved chocolate, and my daughters and I would talk about creating something nutritious but also delicious and sweet,” he told Viory.

Cacaosuyo has received consistent recognition in recent years. Its dark chocolate bars from Amazonas, Cusco, and Piura have earned World Gold for four consecutive years. The Piura Milk bar has also won five World Gold awards, including one for best milk chocolate.

In this year’s final, the El Ganso 70% bar outperformed entries from Europe , Africa, and Asia. The 2025 competition saw over 3,500 chocolate samples submitted from across the world. Latin American producers were well represented, with at least ten countries participating.

“When this chancellor was imprisoned, she was released and decided to request asylum in Mexico. It was evaluated here in Mexico, just as all such requests are evaluated, and she went to the Mexican embassy in Peru, where she still remains,” Sheinbaum explained.

“This is where, due to this, the current president of Peru, through his chancellor, decided to break diplomatic relations with Mexico, which from our perspective is completely disproportionate,” she added.

“Yesterday, the Mexican ambassador, the head of the embassy, asked the Foreign Ministry and was told that the consular relationship was not being broken, only the diplomatic embassy relationship,” she said. “We will wait, however, to receive official notification, because we only know it through the statements.”

Peru’s Foreign Ministry announced the diplomatic severance on Friday, citing Mexico’s repeated interference in its internal affairs.

“The truth is they have tried to turn the perpetrators of the attempted coup d’état into victims,” de Zela said, noting that Peruvians remain committed to democracy .

He criticised Mexico for standing alone in failing to recognise Peru’s democratic order, calling its actions “wrong and unacceptable.” Despite the diplomatic rupture, de Zela clarified that consular relations would continue, ensuring protection for Peruvians in Mexico and Mexicans in Peru.

The leader of the right-wing party Fuerza Popular made the declaration just days after Peru’s Constitutional Court dismissed a long-standing money laundering case against her, which stemmed from allegations of illegal campaign donations from Brazilian construction firm Odebrecht. The ruling effectively cleared a major legal obstacle that had shadowed her political career for nearly a decade.

“Here, surrounded by my family and joined by Peruvians following us from across the country, I have decided to run for president of the Republic,” Fujimori said from the stage, as footage broadcast by local media showed her dancing and celebrating with supporters.

Fujimori, daughter of former president Alberto Fujimori, who remains a polarising figure in Peruvian politics, said her campaign will focus on tackling rising violence and restoring stability. She also ruled out seeking a Senate seat, emphasising her goal to “rescue Peru from violence” and rebuild public trust in government institutions.

The new unit, designed to hold up to 150 inmates, is equipped with reinforced infrastructure and stringent security measures aimed at preventing criminal activity from within prison walls. Inmates will spend up to 22 hours a day in confinement, with strictly limited visitation and no access to electrical outlets or external communication networks.

According to authorities, the facility will house individuals convicted of violent and serious offences such as contract killings, extortion, and aggravated homicide. The transfer was carried out by the Special Operations Group of the National Penitentiary Institute (INPE), supported by elite units from the National Police .

The move comes amid an ongoing state of emergency in Lima and the neighbouring port city of Callao, declared to combat rising insecurity and the influence of criminal organisations. It follows a series of high-profile operations personally led by Jeri, including “Operation Cyclone” earlier this month, in which contraband items such as mobile phones and narcotics were seized from multiple prisons nationwide.

Peru’s new president, José Jerí, has begun setting out the key guidelines for his first ministerial cabinet. The administration’s early focus is expected to center on stabilizing the political climate, advancing institutional reforms, and rebuilding public trust after years of turbulence. Political observers say the early policy framework will be crucial in shaping the administration’s credibility and the tone of governance going forward.

Electoral authorities meet with President Jerí at the Government Palace

In a show of cooperation between branches of government, the heads of JNE (National Jury of Elections), ONPE (National Office of Electoral Processes), and Reniec (National Registry of Identification and Civil Status) met with President Jerí at the Government Palace. The meeting focused on preparations for the 2026 elections, emphasizing coordination, transparency, and maintaining electoral integrity amid a rapidly changing political environment.

Analysts debate continuity in Peru’s new political era

Columnist Eliana Carlín has described the current administration as one that reflects “parliamentary continuity” despite promises of reform. In her piece, Continuismo parlamentario: la era Jerí, Carlín argues that although Jerí presents himself as a reformist, the structural composition of Congress and lingering political alliances may limit his capacity for real change. Her analysis highlights ongoing skepticism about whether the new government represents a true shift in Peru’s political trajectory.

Jerí’s first week in office marked by intense political activity

Local media have described the president’s initial  eight days in office as “agitated” and “high-stakes.” During this period, Jerí has held numerous meetings with ministers, party leaders, and civil society groups while responding to early policy and political challenges. His fast-paced start underscores both the urgency to deliver results and the pressures of managing competing priorities in a politically divided landscape.

Prime Minister Ernesto Álvarez to seek confidence vote from Congress

Prime Minister Ernesto Álvarez announced he will appear before Congress on October 22 to request a vote of confidence, a pivotal test for the administration’s legislative support. The confidence motion will determine the government’s ability to advance its proposed agenda, and analysts say it could set the tone for executive-legislative relations over the next year. The outcome will reveal how much political capital Jerí’s new team holds just weeks into its tenure.

Countries once overlooked in global labour rankings are now setting bold new standards for paternity leave, offering fathers time to bond with their newborns and share caregiving responsibilities from day one.

According to the IRIS Global Parental Leave Index , Peru, Laos, Rwanda, Comoros, and Benin lead the way, granting some of the world’s longest paid paternity leaves among developing nations.

Peru tops the list with 21 weeks, followed by Laos with 17 weeks, Rwanda with 16, Comoros with 15, and Benin offering 12 weeks

These numbers stand out in a world where the average paid paternity leave remains under two weeks, and only about 53% of countries legally guarantee fathers any paid time off at all.

The International Labour Organisation (ILO) notes that leave policies specifically designed for fathers can be a game changer in reducing gender inequality at work and home, improving child well-being, and reshaping social norms around caregiving

In countries like Rwanda, where gender equality is part of national development goals, expanding paternity leave reflects a deeper social commitment. Similarly, Peru’s 21-week provision—the highest in the Global South—signals that progressive family policy is not the preserve of wealthy nations.

In Laos, Comoros, and Benin, these reforms also highlight how smaller economies are prioritizing family welfare and gender balance despite limited resources.

Globally, the push for longer parental leave gained momentum during and after the COVID-19 pandemic , as workplaces grappled with new norms around remote work and caregiving.

In many high-income countries, cultural and professional barriers still limit men’s participation in parental leave. But in the Global South, legal reforms are moving faster than societal skepticism, showing that ambition, not affluence, drives change.

According to the National Penitentiary Institute (INPE), more than 200 specialised agents, backed by canine units, carried out searches through cells and hidden compartments, seizing mobile phones, SIM cards, improvised weapons, and drugs.

“This extraordinary search was ordered by the President of the Republic to combat crime , particularly organised contract killings that often originate from inside prisons,” said INPE president Ivan Paredes Yataco, who accompanied Jeri during the inspection.

The raids mark the first step in Jeri’s declared “war on crime,” a promise he made immediately after being sworn in following the impeachment of Dina Boluarte. Under Peru’s Constitution, the President of Congress assumes power in the absence of a vice-president. Jeri will serve as interim head of state until new elections are scheduled for April 2026.

Analysts say his administration faces the urgent challenge of restoring public trust in national security institutions after years of political instability and rising violence.

“I swear to God, for my country, for all Peruvians, I will faithfully exercise the office of President of the Republic,” Jeri declared during his oath ceremony, before delivering his first address as head of state.

In his speech, Jeri placed citizen security at the centre of his administration’s priorities, vowing to take immediate action against the surge in organised crime . “The evil that afflicts us at this moment is citizen insecurity,” he said. “Criminal gangs, criminal organisations — they are our enemies, and we must declare war on crime.”

He also called for unity and renewal, appealing to Peruvians across generations. “From now on, we build the country we should be — the Peru of our dreams, the dreams of our parents and grandparents, and the dreams of our children , of Generation Z, which is rightfully demanding change,” he said.

Jeri’s rise to power followed a Congress vote of 124 in favour of removing Boluarte for “permanent moral incapacity”, a constitutional term frequently invoked in Peru’s recent political crises. Boluarte, who did not attend the session to present her defence, was ousted less than two years after assuming office in December 2022, when she replaced former president Pedro Castillo following his failed attempt to dissolve Congress.

Peru has now seen six presidents in less than a decade, underscoring the deep political instability that has plagued the Andean nation. Jeri, stepping into the presidency amid widespread frustration and insecurity, faces the daunting task of restoring both public trust and political order.

Boluarte’s downfall came after months of mounting outrage over rising criminal violence and deepening corruption scandals. The trigger was a shooting at a cumbia concert in Lima, which left several musicians injured and symbolised her government’s failure to control extortion networks and contract killings that have terrorised Peruvians.

In the past year alone, extortion cases have soared to over 2,000 a month, with dozens of bus drivers and small business owners killed in attacks linked to organised crime. Boluarte’s repeated declarations of emergency and police crackdowns failed to stem the violence — or restore public trust.

Her approval rating had collapsed from 21 per cent to as low as 2 per cent, alienating even the conservative and centrist parties that once backed her coalition. “This session is a mere formality,” said Popular Renewal congresswoman Patricia Chirinos during the debate. “Dina Boluarte is leaving. The countdown has begun.”

As pressure grew, Boluarte faced accusations ranging from accepting luxury Rolex watches as bribes to abandoning her duties for cosmetic surgery. She denied all wrongdoing, but the scandals fed perceptions of arrogance and detachment in a country struggling with hunger, unemployment and insecurity.

When invited to appear before Congress to defend herself, Boluarte failed to attend. Lawmakers proceeded without her, voting unanimously to remove her from office. With no vice president in place, Congress President José Jeri was sworn in as interim head of state until elections scheduled for April 2026 — unless Parliament chooses a new leader beforehand.

Boluarte’s presidency began in 2022 after the ousting of Pedro Castillo, her leftist predecessor, who was arrested for attempting to dissolve Congress. Her decision to remain in power rather than call early elections , as she once promised, sparked deadly protests that left 49 civilians dead — a tragedy that continues to haunt her administration.

Analysts say her removal reflects not just public anger at crime and corruption, but a systemic collapse of political credibility. Peru’s recent history reads like a cycle of collapse: six former presidents have been jailed in the past two decades, and nearly every living ex-president has faced charges of corruption or abuse of power.

Peruvian Interior Minister Carlos Alberto Malaver Odias emphasised the transnational nature of the criminal investigation. He explained that cooperation across South American countries was key: upon learning that Ozorio and another suspect were in Peru, authorities acted quickly. “Through fluid communication between South American countries, we are already fully aware and convinced that crime no longer belongs to just one country; these organisations are transnational in nature. The National Police immediately took action and carried out the corresponding operations,” he said, describing the arrests of Ozorio near Plaza Norte and Tony Hansen Valverde Victoriano, a Peruvian national also involved, near Pucusana.

The extradition represents a step forward in a case that shocked Argentina. The three victims—a 15-year-old girl and two 20-year-old women—were allegedly kidnapped, tortured, and killed by a gang led by Valverde Victoriano, known as ‘Pequeno J’. Investigators say Ozorio was the main accomplice in a criminal organisation linked to drug trafficking in Peru.

Authorities in both countries highlighted that while the arrests cannot undo the harm, they are intended to bring justice for the victims’ families and demonstrate the effectiveness of international cooperation in tackling cross-border crime.

The motion of censure, filed on September 23 by members of Congress from multiple parties, questioned Santiváñez’s suitability for office and cited ongoing investigations into alleged interference during his time at the Ministry of the Interior. Congress had confirmed that the debate and vote would take place on October 3.

Prime Minister Eduardo Arana previously stated he had no official information on planned resignations, despite mounting speculation in the media and growing political pressure.

Santiváñez’s resignation underscores ongoing political instability in Peru, where frequent ministerial changes have complicated governance . Since 2018, the country has seen six presidents and dozens of cabinet reshuffles, raising concerns among international investors and regional observers about policy continuity and institutional credibility.

Until the date of his resignation, Juan José Santiváñez   was the head of the Ministry of Justice for just 40 days and left the government of Dina Boluarte   when the president had less than a year left in office. In addition, he is retiring with a series of investigations and questions that involve him as a 'key man' of an alleged criminal organisation in which even the president's brother, Nicanor Boluarte, would be involved.

The reforms require all citizens over 18 to enrol in either the state-run Office of Pension Normalisation or a private Pension Fund Administrator, a mandate that experts warn will burden workers in a country where around 70% of employment is informal. Many believe it will worsen inequality and disproportionately affect low-income Peruvians.

The marches were led by younger Peruvian’s who will be particularly impacted by these reforms, but include protestors across the generations

As tensions heightened, older grievances with President Dina Boluarte’s government resurfaced. Protestors accused Boluarte and the conservative-majority Congress of corruption and violence in the service of the country’s wealthy elites. They also say the government has allowed organised crime groups to run amok.

“We are really tired of so many robberies. Many of my friends are suffering extortion towards their families”, protester Neptali Aragonez told news agency Viory. 

“We are tired of living in uncertainty, getting on public transport and not knowing if we will be safe or not, because there is too much extortion”.

Many young protesters say they were inspired by similar Gen Z-led protests in Nepal.

However, Peruvian video journalist Juan Zapata told Global South World that protests and public anger toward Boluarte’s government began well before the recent unrest in Nepal.

“Three years ago, when 50 people were shot by police, that wasn’t the beginning, but it made a lot of people realise the government was abusing its power”. The deaths came during protests following the ousting and imprisonment of former president Pedro Castillo and Dina Boluarte’s inauguration in 2022.

Zapata also challenged media portrayals of the protests as something only done by Gen Z citizens. “There were 30-year-olds, 40-year-olds, people who have been protesting on the streets for 3 years”.

Nonetheless, recent days have seen a renewal of the tensions that have defined Boluarte’s presidency.

Peru is scheduled to hold a general election in April 2026, but few expect the unrest to subside before then. More protests are expected next weekend.

On Sunday, more than 500 protesters gathered near government buildings in the capital, where confrontations escalated as demonstrators threw firecrackers and stones while police responded with tear gas, pellets and batons. According to authorities and journalists’ associations, at least 18 people — including police officers, reporters and protesters — were injured. Several journalists reported being deliberately targeted with pellets while covering the events.

The pension reform at the heart of the unrest requires all adults over 18 to join private pension funds (AFPs) or the state system (ONP), a move critics say unfairly burdens young workers in a country where more than 70% of jobs are informal. “Congress has no credibility… it is wreaking havoc in this country”, said protester Celene Amasifuen, reflecting broader frustrations with the government and conservative-majority legislature.

Protesters also denounced rising extortion, violent crime , and corruption scandals tied to President Dina Boluarte’s administration, whose approval ratings have plummeted ahead of next year’s election. Many demonstrators argue that political elites benefit from reforms while ordinary Peruvians face worsening economic insecurity. “They have just repealed laws that benefit, as always, the most powerful”, said protester Kaira Alfaro.

With Generation Z now representing more than one-fifth of Peru’s population, analysts say the mobilisation underscores the growing influence of young people in shaping the country’s political future. Activists have vowed to continue demonstrating, drawing inspiration from similar youth-led movements elsewhere in Latin America and Asia.

The alarm was raised after reports pointed to a series of problems: irregular ticket sales, rising prices, transport difficulties, and poor coordination between tour operators and state institutions. Experts warn that these issues not only threaten Machu Picchu’s reputation but could undermine the livelihoods of millions of Peruvians who depend on tourism. According to industry data, more than 6.5 million people in the country are tied to the sector.

Local leaders in Cusco, including the regional governor, have criticised the central government’s management and called for greater decentralisation or even an autonomous authority for the site. Former foreign minister Óscar Maúrtua argued that poor services and overlapping responsibilities are damaging the visitor experience and stressed the need for urgent reforms. He and others have suggested that Peru request technical assistance from UNESCO or the World Tourism Organisation.

Machu Picchu remains a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a status that is not currently under review. However, the potential loss of its ‘Wonder of the World’ designation carries symbolic and economic weight. Business leaders warn that the site has become a “political prize” in domestic disputes, and that ongoing mismanagement risks eroding Peru’s global standing as a leading tourist destination.

Fertility rate — the average number of children a woman is expected to have over her lifetime — must be about 2.1 births per woman to maintain population size without immigration.

New data reveal vast swaths of Europe, East Asia, and the Americas have rates far below this replacement threshold, while much of Sub-Saharan Africa has women having four, five, or even six children on average.

Globally, fertility has more than halved since the 1950s, when the average woman had around five children. Today, the global average is about 2.3, according to the UN’s World Population Prospects.

Even Latin America, which once had some of the world’s highest fertility rates, is now approaching sub-replacement levels. The United States sits around 1.6 , well below replacement, and countries such as South Korea, Singapore, and Italy have dropped even lower, in some cases near or below 1.1 children per woman.

The implications are profound. Populations in countries with sustained low fertility begin to shrink, workforces contract, and the share of elderly citizens rises, putting pressure on pensions, healthcare systems, and economic growth. Italy reported just 370,000 births in 2024, the lowest in its history, leaving its fertility rate around 1.18.

Greece recently announced a €1.6 billion family support package in an effort to reverse its decline, warning that its population could fall below 8 million by 2050 if trends continue. Meanwhile, India, the world’s most populous country, has crossed a historic threshold, with its fertility rate now at 1.9, below replacement for the first time.

The Peruvian government has proposed cutting the 2026 budget for public order and security, even as the country faces a wave of violent crimes. Public unease is growing, especially after 210 homicides were reported in August alone.

Human rights concerns

The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights strongly criticised Peru’s recently approved amnesty law for military and police personnel involved in past human rights violations, calling it a serious setback for justice and truth. The law is also under review by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.

Boluarte on corruption and governance

President Dina Boluarte reaffirmed her administration’s anti-corruption stance, declaring “we are frontal” during a ceremony where new weaponry was delivered to the National Police. She also emphasised that over 60% of the 2025 national budget is being directed to regional and local governments.

Border and sovereignty issues

Tensions flared at the Peru-Colombia border after a Colombian flag was raised inside Peruvian territory, sparking outrage among residents. The incident has reignited concerns over sovereignty and weak state presence in border regions.

Cybersecurity under fire

Peru’s Congress is summoning the Ministers of Interior and Defence following a major cyberattack on the National Police’s intelligence systems, which exposed classified information and raised alarms about the country’s cyber defences.