The move reflects concern at what Anwar described as a basic gap in knowledge among graduates, adding it was unreasonable for Malaysians to complete university without understanding how their country is governed or how it came to be.

Under the plan , the subjects will be embedded within general education courses rather than added as stand-alone requirements, in an effort to avoid overloading students in specialised fields.

Anwar said a foundational grasp of constitutional principles and history was essential to safeguarding the nation, particularly as Malaysia navigates political, social and economic change.

He pointed to the Constitution as the backbone of the country’s system while stressing that unity must be balanced with respect for diversity.

According to Anwar, education should help students appreciate Malaysia’s multi-ethnic and multicultural society, and understand values such as justice, humanity and shared responsibility.

"If we want to safeguard this nation, all our children must master basic, foundational knowledge of the Constitution and history,” the prime minister said. “This will be covered under general studies.”

Revamped education roadmap

The policy is part of the newly launched National Education Blueprint 2026–2035, which aims to align education reforms from school level through to higher education.

The blueprint is jointly led by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education, with each ministry responsible for implementing reforms within its sector.

Beyond curriculum changes, Anwar also addressed student welfare, acknowledging persistent complaints over the lack of affordable accommodation, especially in major cities.

He said the government has directed government-linked investment companies to take the lead in developing student housing, rather than relying solely on private developers.

An initial target of 5,000 additional accommodation places has been set, with projects to be developed in cooperation with selected universities.

Elsewhere, Malaysia’s decision to integrate constitutional and history studies has drawn attention within Southeast Asia.

In the Philippines, former higher education chief Prospero de Vera contrasted the move with proposals to cut general education (GE) subjects in senior high school, in a bid to “decongest” the curriculum. 

The Philippines was the last country in Asia to adopt a 12-year basic education programme, implementing it only in 2012. 

“While our more developed ASEAN neighbors will now require additional GE subjects, our politicians are obsessed with reducing the GE program,” de Vera said. “We need better leaders."

Together, Malaysia’s educational reforms signal a broader effort by the Anwar administration to anchor education more firmly in national values, while addressing practical pressures faced by Malaysia’s growing student population.

Uruguay continues to position the EU–Mercosur agreement as a historic opportunity, with supporters describing it as the creation of the world’s largest free trade zone. The deal is seen by the government as a strategic bet to expand market access, attract investment, and strengthen Uruguay’s role as a reliable trading partner between South America and Europe, even as negotiations face resistance within the EU.

European Union proposes unlocking €45 billion to ease agricultural protests linked to Mercosur

The European Union has proposed mobilising €45 billion (US$52.2) to calm widespread agricultural protests opposing the EU–Mercosur agreement. The move reflects internal European tensions over the deal, particularly concerns from farmers about competition, standards, and market disruption, developments closely watched in Uruguay, given the agreement’s centrality to its export strategy.

Uruguay’s political system remains divided over the situation in Venezuela

Uruguay’s political landscape is once again split over how to approach the crisis in Venezuela . Disagreements persist across parties on diplomatic positioning, recognition of leadership, and responses to human rights concerns, underscoring long-standing ideological divisions in the country’s foreign policy debates.

Antifascist organisation challenges Yamandú Orsi over comments on Nicolás Maduro

An antifascist organisation has publicly questioned Uruguay's President Yamandú Orsi following his comments on Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro. Orsi stated that Maduro’s departure would be positive only if it led to the end of authoritarianism and the restoration of democracy, remarks that have sparked criticism and renewed scrutiny of political discourse surrounding Venezuela.

Economic debate intensifies over exchange rate lag, flat dollar, and competitiveness

Uruguay is facing renewed debate over what has been described as a “so-called” exchange rate lag, with data from the end of 2025 fuelling concerns about competitiveness. A flat dollar has helped keep inflation low but at the cost of export competitiveness, while water stress has also brought the issue of guaranteeing potable water supply back into focus, highlighting the interconnected pressures facing the country’s economic model.

The recent developments in Syria have garnered significant international attention, particularly regarding the establishment of a new transitional Cabinet. The U.S. expressed optimism about this move, viewing it as a possible step towards a more inclusive government. According to Yeni Safak , State Department spokesperson Tammy Bruce outlined essential conditions for any potential shifts in U.S. policy, stressing the importance of renouncing terrorism and ensuring the security of minority groups. The newly formed transitional government, consisting of 23 ministers under President Ahmad al-Sharaa, aims to address pressing humanitarian issues amid international scrutiny.

New transitional government in Syria includes a Catholic woman

President Ahmad al-Sharaa's inauguration of a transitional government marks a notable change in Syria's political landscape following the ousting of President Assad. This cabinet, composed of diverse ethnic and religious representatives, signifies a response to international demands for inclusivity amidst concerns of minority rights, particularly after recent violence against the Alawite community. As reported by Vatican News , the appointment of Hind Kabawat, the cabinet's sole female member, as Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, exemplifies efforts towards diversity in governance. Despite these steps, challenges persist, particularly with the Kurdish Autonomous Administration's rejection of the cabinet, citing inadequate minority representation.

Twelve civilians killed in apparent sectarian violence in Syria

At least 12 civilians, mostly Alawites, were killed Monday in apparent sectarian attacks in Syria’s coastal and central regions, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. Six, including a local official, died in an assault in Tartus province. According to The National , the attackers, allegedly from a military base tied to Syria’s new authorities near Baniyas, reportedly shouted sectarian slogans before opening fire. Two suspects from a pro-government faction were later arrested, and security forces were deployed to remove the group from the area. Fears of reprisals persist among Alawites, the sect of former president Bashar al-Assad. March saw the worst sectarian violence since his fall, with massacres in Alawite-majority areas.

Syria appreciates international support for the new government

In a show of gratitude, Syria's Ministry of Foreign Affairs acknowledged the support received from the international community following the announcement of the new government. SANA reports that this assistance is seen as a significant motivator for ongoing reforms, reflecting Syria's commitment to working alongside global partners to better serve its populace. Such international backing may also serve as a catalyst for political stability and security within the region.

Iraq and Syria to strengthen ties pledge security cooperation

Regional cooperation is also being emphasised, as evidenced by a recent phone call between Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani and President Al-Sharaa. The two leaders extended Eid al-Fitr greetings and discussed broader regional security issues. Shafaq reports that Al-Sudani has reaffirmed Iraq's support for Syria's political decisions and underscored the necessity for an inclusive political framework. This dialogue marks a significant softening of relations, with both nations addressing critical concerns, including security cooperation against ISIS and addressing drug trafficking across borders.

“Instability and uncertainty are on the rise,” Li said, adding, “At this time, I think it’s even more important for each of our countries to open up their markets more, and our companies, our businesses, should be sharing their resources more.”

The forum, a key platform for dialogue between Chinese policymakers and global business leaders, comes amid escalating trade tensions between Beijing and Washington. With the possibility of  Donald Trump returning to the White House, fears of a renewed U.S.-China trade war loom large, threatening China’s export-driven growth, the AFP reports.

China has been under mounting pressure from Western economies, particularly the United States , which has tightened trade restrictions and imposed tariffs on Chinese goods. Despite this, Li Qiang emphasised China’s commitment to global economic integration, positioning Beijing as a proponent of open markets and cross-border collaboration.

The China Development Forum, which brings together international executives and Chinese officials, serves as a key indicator of Beijing’s economic direction.

While the US Government hasn’t directly funded HIV-specific programs in Uzbekistan, critical initiatives in civic space, human rights, education, and advocacy have relied heavily on US support. According to UNAIDS , with these programmes now closed, organisations working on HIV-related legal reforms, anti-discrimination, and rights-based healthcare access face greater challenges in pushing for policy change. UN agencies are seeking new funding sources to sustain key initiatives, engaging with embassies, the EU, and the Uzbek government to fill the gap left by US funding.

Uzbekistan ranks among the top military powers in Central Asia

According to Global Firepower’s 2025 ranking, Uzbekistan ranks 58th with a Power Index score of 1.1121 (lower scores indicate stronger military power). The country fields 192 aircraft, including 58 combat jets, 13 attack aircraft, 101 helicopters, and 34 attack helicopters. Uzbekistan holds the second-strongest military in Central Asia, following Kazakhstan (57th). Turkmenistan ranked 77th, Kyrgyzstan 105th, and Tajikistan 108th.

715,000 people to get access to drinking water for the first time this year

This year, Uzbekistan plans to build 1,619 km of water pipelines, 521 km of sewer networks, and renovate 162 infrastructure facilities, providing clean drinking water to 715,000 people and sewage access to 135,000 households. Additionally, 157,000 consumers will receive modern water meters. At a meeting chaired by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, emphasis was placed on boosting private partnerships and local firms’ participation in international tenders, Gazeta reports. The president also approved simplified procedures with international financial institutions and called for fast-tracking $850 million worth of projects by year-end.

Uzbekistan and Qatar strengthen economic and parliamentary ties

On March 19, 2025, Senate Chair Tanzila Narbaeva met with Qatar’s Ambassador Hasan Hamza Asad Muhammad Hashim to discuss strengthening Uzbek-Qatari ties. The meeting focused on expanding cooperation in political, trade, economic, and investment sectors while emphasizing the importance of inter-parliamentary relations as a key pillar of bilateral partnership, as reported by The Pinnacle Gazette .

Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan discuss expanding air travel

Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan are exploring new air travel routes to boost tourism and business ties, according to the Kyrgyz Trade Representation in Uzbekistan. The initiative was discussed during a meeting between Aero Nomad Airlines and Uzbek tour operators. TTW reports that CEO Timur Aralbaev presented the airline’s capabilities, with both sides expressing strong interest in expanding flight options to meet growing demand and enhance regional connectivity.

The recent changes in legislation, effective from August 15, 2023, aim to streamline the entry process for foreign citizens, especially for study, work, investment, research, and tourism.

Under the amended laws, the e-visa's duration has been increased from 30 to 90 days, enhancing accessibility. Additionally, nationals from 13 countries benefiting from Vietnam's unilateral visa exemption will receive a temporary residency extension from 15 to 45 days.

Prof. Sikanku noted that regardless of who wins the election, the U.S. is expected to maintain or expand partnerships with African nations in regions facing high levels of terrorism.

Citing countries like Niger, Kenya, and Somalia, he noted that these regions could benefit from military cooperation agreements with the U.S. aimed at reducing threats from groups such as Al-Shabaab, al-Qaeda, and ISIS.

“There will be military agreements in order to curb the effect of Al Shabaab, al-Qaeda, ISIS, and other terrorist organisations,” he added.

Prof. Sikanku further suggested that Africa’s security situation, particularly in the Sahel region, could remain a priority in U.S.-Africa relations, with collaborations between the two parties to address terrorist threats.

All about the U.S. elections

The United States is gearing up for Election Day on November 5, 2024. Following tradition, the election is held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

Voting Process

Americans aged 18 and above are eligible to vote, and many have already done so. By October 30, over 52 million voters had cast ballots through early or mail-in voting. This trend aligns with 2020, when only 27% of voters went to the polls on Election Day, while the majority voted early or by mail. Additionally, U.S. citizens living abroad can participate by absentee ballot.

Nominees

The presidential race is led by two major party nominees. The Democratic candidate, 60-year-old Vice President Kamala Harris would make history as the first woman, the first Black woman, and the first Asian woman to serve as president. On the Republican side, 78-year-old former President Donald Trump is making another bid for office, aiming to be the oldest person to assume the presidency.

Independent Candidates

In many states, voters also have the option to support third-party or independent candidates, including Jill Stein (Green Party), Chase Oliver (Libertarian Party), Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (Independent), and Cornel West (Independent).

Congressional and Gubernatorial Election

Besides the presidential race, all 435 House of Representatives seats and 34 Senate seats are on the ballot. Eleven states will elect new governors, while thousands of other local, state, and federal positions are being contested.

Voter Registration

With more than 186 million Americans registered to vote as of September 2024, nearly 80% of eligible Americans are set to participate in this election cycle.

The Electoral College

The U.S. presidential election relies on the Electoral College system, where 538 electors—allocated by state based on population—ultimately select the president. A candidate needs 270 electoral votes to win. If no candidate reaches this threshold, the House of Representatives will decide the outcome.

Key Swing States

States with close partisan divides, often referred to as battlegrounds or swing states, include Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. These states will be crucial in determining the final outcome.

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This aligns with the country’s broader strategy to adopt innovative solutions for national security.

Minister of Interior, Olubunmi Tunji-Ojo, announced the initiative, saying it strengthens Nigeria's security efforts and enhances the country’s capacity to build international partnerships.

“Our nation’s border security, border governance, and border control capabilities have just gotten better,” he said in a statement .

“We join an elite list of countries whose Immigration Officers can conduct 24/7 monitoring with real-time surveillance.”

The announcement was made during the induction ceremony for 123 newly trained officers at the NIS Command and Control Centre. Tunji-Ojo said the induction of the personnel is crucial to implementing Nigeria’s national security goals.

“Today, we take a giant leap by inducting officers who have demonstrated their competence through rigorous training and drills using state-of-the-art technology,” he stated.

Surveillance cameras have been installed at various borders under the 24-hour border watch system for real-time monitoring.

Uganda's Minister for East African Affairs, Rebecca Kadaga, disclosed that civil servants, particularly those in crucial sectors such as healthcare and border management, will be prioritised in the upcoming Kiswahili training programme.

While specific details regarding the rollout of the training initiative remain undisclosed, all senior government officials, including cabinet ministers and judges, are currently undergoing compulsory weekly Kiswahili lessons as part of the efforts to popularize the language within the government ranks.

The move follows Uganda's decision in July 2022 to adopt Kiswahili as an official language and mandate its inclusion as a compulsory subject in primary and secondary education curricula. Recognizing the global significance of Kiswahili, the United Nations designated July 7th as World Kiswahili Language Day in 2021 , further cementing its status as a language of international importance.

Further, Uganda's goal of integrating Kiswahili into its national fabric is in line with directives from the 21st East African Community (EAC) Summit held in February 2021, which recognized Kiswahili alongside English and French as official languages within the regional bloc.

But unlike most European countries where agricultural production capacity is optimum with relatively improved distribution systems and policies, Kareweh said African farmers have a lesser advantage.

“I think that the farmers took a legitimate rational action to protect their interest but if you compare them with the African farmers where they already have an advantage over African farmers and farmers elsewhere, one will say that the European farmers have no case but their action is in context,” he told Global South World's Wonder Hagan.

The General Secretary of the General Agricultural Workers Union of Ghana explained that African farmers have more reason to protest because most African governments have failed to give the agriculture sector the necessary attention it needs.

Rather than invest in production by providing improved technological equipment for farming, prioritising exports and reducing imports, and establishing policies to prioritise the sector, these leaders undermine agriculture in most African countries, Kareweh said.

“If you look at the African continent and the structure of agricultural producers, you see that the majority of the farmers in Africa are those who are on a small scale. And they are scattered all over. There are few commercial farmers in Africa. Unfortunately, you find all manner of agricultural products flooding the African continent and countries, and yet our leaders think that it is the way to develop the economy,” he added.

Karaweh further attributed the inability of a majority of these African countries to provide sustainable food for their respective citizens to the poor policies and leadership of their governments on agriculture.

“This government attitude makes the African farmer worse off and it is not the farmer’s interest that you are protecting, any time the government fails to protect the farmer, then they are undermining the production capacity of the countries so it is no secret why African countries are unable to feed themselves because they are not putting in the necessary policies and frameworks to stem up Agricultural production,” he noted.

He also urged farmers in Africa to galvanise resources to put pressure on their respective governments for action that will serve their collective interest and boost agricultural production.

"Pressure brings about results, pressure makes governments listen and that is not different from what pertains in Africa. The difference is about the intransigence of governments to listen to their own people. But that should not be the reason why farmers and other pressure groups should fold their hands and allow them to do whatever they want to do. What it means is that they will have to double and increase their pressure for the government to respect their fundamental human rights, economic rights, social rights, and the rights to be protected.

"This teaches us lessons that we should be able as farmers in the African continent, to hold our governments on to appreciate the need to support farming and agricultural production in the continent," he added.

Edward Kareweh’s comments follow recent protests by farmers in some European countries. The farmers complain of not being paid enough, being choked by excessive regulation on environmental protection, and facing unfair competition from cheap imports.

French farmers blocked major roads with tractors in Paris on January 28 in protests of what they describe as disrespect from the European Union. The French protest follows similar ones in Germany, and Poland among others. Spanish farmers have also indicated plans to protest in February.

The protests come ahead of European Parliament elections scheduled for June and the EU summit where they hope their actions will influence policies focused on aid for Ukraine and the bloc’s budget.  

The project which was launched on January 18, 2024 at Kyemutheke Primary School in Mavoko Sub-County will ensure that all Pre-Primary (Nursery) school children will enjoy milk twice a week, to be distributed by the Early Childhood Education Centres.

The program, the first of its kind dubbed 'Maziwa ya Mama' with the slogan 'Feeding the Future' will also boost the income of dairy farmers who supply the milk, according to a statement.

The packets of milk have the Coat of Arms of the Machakos County at the top, followed by a picture of Governor Wavinya Ndeti.

This has generated controversy with many questioning the rationale behind the governor’s image being printed on a product that has been funded with taxpayer’s money.

But others have congratulated the governor for the initiative which they describe as commendable.