The event marks a historic moment for the Catholic Church as Leo XIV prepares to officially begin his papacy with the inaugural celebration at the Vatican.

The election of Pope Leo XIV on May 8 was historic, as he became the first American to ascend to the highest office of the Catholic Church. 

He succeeds Pope Francis, who passed away on April 21, Easter Monday. Pope Leo XIV holds dual citizenship in the United States and Peru.

“I think first of all, nobody was really expecting an American pope to be announced in this conclave… He had similar experiences to us at Villanova. I think that was a pretty surreal moment,” one student told AFP.

“I'm in my dorm with my door open, and just all across the floor, I hear people start, like, yelling. Everyone's like, so excited. I ran out of my room because I knew one of my friends was down the hall, and we just looked at each other. We're like the new pope is from Villanova,” another student recalled the excitement on campus.

The election of Pope Leo XIV has also prompted questions regarding the future direction of the Church, particularly concerning the inclusion of women in leadership roles—a key initiative of Pope Francis.

According to the Vatican , women’s representation in the Church workforce increased from 19.2% to 23.4% after a decade of Francis’ papacy.

Pope Leo XIV, who also obtained a Master of Divinity (MDiv) from the Catholic Theological Union (CTU) in 1982, is expected to uphold this legacy.

“He did have female theologians as his professors. And so I think even just experientially that's a given… I think in terms of Pope Francis appointing women to key leadership positions, I don't think that will change,” a member of the Villanova faculty noted.

Locals recall the pope’s working-class roots and how the neighborhood church served as a cornerstone of community life. “It’s just mind-blowing to think that it started here in our humble little town,” Sally Rock, 65, who grew up in Dolton told the AFP.

Others, like former resident Lea Morgan, expressed concern about the area’s decline, describing it as “dangerous” today. Still, she holds onto hope: “Now that the Pope is here and he’s from this neighborhood, maybe our prayer for peace is being answered.”

Early Life in Chicago

Born in 1955 to parents of Spanish and Franco-Italian descent, Pope Leo XIV grew up in a working-class neighbourhood in Dolton, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.

He served as an altar boy and was known for his early devotion to the Church.

His brother John recalled that even as a young child, Leo preferred playing "priest" over other games.

A life in missionary work

After his ordination in 1982, Prevost moved to Peru three years later.

He spent over a decade working as a parish pastor and seminary teacher in Trujillo.

In 2014, Pope Francis appointed him Bishop of Chiclayo, a region in northern Peru. He later became an Archbishop and was made a cardinal in 2023.

Pope Francis also placed him in charge of the Vatican’s powerful Dicastery for Bishops, responsible for selecting bishops around the world.

During his time in Peru, he earned citizenship and the admiration of the people. In 2022, during severe floods, he was seen wading through mud to help communities in need.

In a photo released by the Diocese of Chulucanas, he is shown leading celebrations there just last year.

Why the name Leo?

By choosing the name Leo, he follows a line of popes known for strength and social teaching. Pope Leo I persuaded Attila the Hun not to attack Rome in 452. Pope Leo XIII was famous for his writings on workers’ rights during the Industrial Revolution.

Church observers say Leo XIV may be signalling a similar concern for social justice.

An American, but also Latin American

Although he was born in the United States, the Vatican described him as the second pope from the Americas, following Francis from Argentina.

His decades in Peru allowed him to build strong ties with Latin America. His international background helped present him as a “compromise candidate” during the conclave, easing concerns over a US pope’s possible political implications.

What family and friends say

Leo’s brothers, Louis and John Prevost, have spoken about the new pope’s lifelong dedication to the Church.

“I think the very fact that in his heart, in his very soul, he wanted to be a missionary. He didn’t want the bishop. He didn’t want the cardinal, but that’s what he’s asked to do, so that’s what he did,” John told CNN .

Reverend John Lydon, a former roommate, described him to the BBC as “down to earth” and “very concerned with the poor.”

Leadership style and religious beliefs

Pope Leo XIV is considered a moderate. His brother John said he is “not far-left or far-right,” and expects him to be “a second Pope Francis.”

Leo is known to support many of Francis’ reforms. As cardinal, he oversaw the inclusion of three women in the Dicastery for Bishops and said their views enriched the decision-making process.

He also supported Francis’ stance on giving communion to divorced and remarried Catholics and showed moderate support for blessings of same-sex couples.

However, he has stressed that bishops must apply such teachings in ways that reflect local cultures.

On environmental issues, he has called for urgent action. Speaking in 2024, he said humanity must build a “relationship of reciprocity” with nature and backed efforts at the Vatican to reduce emissions.

Views on politics and society

Leo XIV has been outspoken on migration and social justice. In April, when former US President Donald Trump met El Salvador’s president about using a controversial prison, he reposted a tweet that said: “Do you not see the suffering? Is your conscience not disturbed?”

He has also shared criticism of US policies on immigration, including an article that challenged Vice President JD Vance’s interpretation of Christian teachings.

Response to abuse crisis

While Leo XIV has said the Church must be transparent in handling abuse cases, his past handling of allegations has drawn criticism.

SNAP, a US-based group supporting victims of clergy abuse, raised concerns about his election. In 2023, the Augustinian order he once led in Chicago paid $2 million to settle a rape accusation involving a priest who was not included on a public list of offenders.

Survivors filed a complaint with the Vatican, accusing Prevost and others of inaction. The diocese denied any cover-up.

His first words as pope

In his first words as pope, Leo XIV paid tribute to his predecessor. “We still hear in our ears the weak but always courageous voice of Pope Francis who blessed us,” he told cheering crowds in St Peter’s Square. “United and hand in hand with God, let us advance together.”

Argentine worshippers such as Ricardo Sarabia told the AFP that Pope Francis's pastoral approach "brought the faithful closer to the Church,” adding, “A start has already been made with Francis,” she said.

Some Catholics also expressed more conservative views, urging the Church to preserve tradition. Michelina Lavoratore, a 72-year-old Canadian, said, “I love the traditional Church. I'm hoping that the pope is also going to keep traditions that we've had for 2,000 years.”

A Canadian priest, Justin Pulikunnel expressed concern over what he called a “dozen years of destabilisation and ambiguity” and hoped the new pope would “calm the waters” and be a “solid rock for the faithful.” 

The Pope died on Easter Monday at age 88.

Although not announced officially, the decision was made during the first closed-door meeting of cardinals since Pope Francis' funeral on Saturday, April 26.

The exercise will involve about 135 cardinals under the age of 80 from around the world who will vote to choose the new leader of the 1.4 billion-member Church.

As the papal election approaches, speculation continues over who might emerge as the next pope. Since Pope Francis' passing, several prominent names have surfaced, each offering unique experiences and visions for the future of the Catholic Church.

Here’s a closer look at the leading contenders:

Cardinal Michael Czerny, 78

Leader of the Vatican’s Social Justice Office (Canada)

Born in Czechoslovakia and raised in Canada, Cardinal Czerny embodies global citizenship. A Jesuit like Pope Francis, Czerny has led humanitarian missions in El Salvador and Africa and played a critical role in the Vatican's response to migration crises.

Czerny's commitment to human rights positions him to likely continue Pope Francis' emphasis on social justice. However, his age—already 78—could be a significant barrier, as the Church often looks for younger leadership.

Cardinal Robert Prevost, 69

Prefect of the Vatican Dicastery for Bishops (United States)

Cardinal Prevost's leadership of the Vatican office for bishop appointments positions him at the Church's administrative heart.

Born in Chicago but deeply connected to Latin America through his service in Peru, Prevost could bridge North and South American interests. While American cardinals historically face scepticism due to U.S. geopolitical clout, Prevost’s Latin ties could soften resistance.

Cardinal Matteo Zuppi, 69

Archbishop of Bologna (Italy)

Zuppi is widely admired for his diplomatic prowess, leading a 2023 Vatican peace mission to Ukraine and previously helping mediate Mozambique’s civil war.

His inclusive vision, especially regarding outreach to LGBTQ+ Catholics, resonates with the Franciscan model of the Church as a "field hospital." CNN notes that Zuppi’s mix of traditional diplomacy and progressive pastoral care makes him a formidable candidate.

Cardinal Gérald C. Lacroix, 67

Archbishop of Quebec (Canada)

A pragmatic leader with pastoral sensitivity, Lacroix’s strength lies in managing a highly secularised society like Quebec.

Although he faced a sexual abuse allegation from the 1980s—an accusation Vatican investigations found baseless—his candidacy could still face media scrutiny, as Vatican analysts caution.

Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle, 67

Leader of the Vatican Office for Evangelisation (Philippines)

Frequently dubbed the "Asian Francis," Cardinal Tagle is seen as a charismatic and humble figure.

His deep ties to the Global South—where the Catholic Church is growing fastest—make him a particularly strong candidate. CNN and Vatican insiders regard him as a symbol of the Church's future, though critics wonder if he has enough Roman experience to consolidate Vatican support.

Cardinal Pablo Virgilio S. David, 66

Bishop of Kalookan (Philippines)

Cardinal David, known as "Ambo," is a courageous advocate for justice, having boldly criticised Philippine President Duterte’s drug war.

He leads with moral clarity aligned with Pope Francis’ vision of an inclusive Church. Analysts believe that his strong regional influence could make him Southeast Asia's first pope, should his peers rally behind him.

Cardinal Tarcisius I. Kikuchi, 66

Archbishop of Tokyo (Japan)

An anti-nuclear activist with missionary experience across Africa, Kikuchi champions a globalised, peace-focused Church.

As Vatican reports indicate, his leadership could appeal to a Catholic community increasingly diverse in culture and language.

Cardinal Jean-Claude Hollerich, 66

Archbishop of Luxembourg

A fellow Jesuit, Cardinal Hollerich, has played a key role in Vatican synods on Church reform.

Fluent in multiple languages and praised for his reformist stance, he is seen as a global figure—one who could navigate Europe ’s increasingly secular environment while steering the Church through contentious debates on modernisation.

Cardinal Fridolin A. Besungu, 65

Archbishop of Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo)

Leading a Church of over seven million Catholics, Cardinal Ambongo is one of Africa’s most prominent religious figures.

He is a fierce defender of democracy and human rights, but remains doctrinally conservative, especially on issues like the blessing of same-sex couples. CNN experts argue that his strong African base could significantly influence the outcome if a progressive-conservative compromise is sought.

Among the first visitors was Nicola Conticello, a 60-year-old tourist from Catania, who arrived at 5 a.m. local time. "I felt the need to be here this morning, to stand in line. It was something I had to do. He was a great man who truly left us a powerful message — a call to help those in need, the poor. A great pope," he told the AFP.

A microbiologist and Catholic deacon from the Netherlands, spoke of his desire to be close to the late pope, saying, "We were at the funeral yesterday, and now we really would like to pray with the Pope."

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Asia

China launches Shenzhou-20 mission to Chinese space station, state media reports

China sent three astronauts to its permanently inhabited space station on April 24 in its 15th crewed spaceflight and 20th overall in the Shenzhou program that started more than three decades ago. Read more here . 

India will identify, track, and punish every terrorist and their backers, PM Modi says after Kashmir attack

India will identify, track and punish every terrorist and their backers, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said on April 24, two days after 26 men were killed in an attack on tourists by suspected militants in the Himalayan territory of Kashmir. Read more here .

Thailand makes digital arrival card a must for all foreign visitors

Thailand is bringing in a new rule for people visiting the country. From May 1, 2025, every foreign traveller must fill out a Thailand Digital Arrival Card (TDAC) before entering, regardless of whether they are arriving by land, sea, or air. Read more here .

Latin America

Argentine workers launch widespread 24-hour strike against Milei's austerity measures

Argentina's largest workers' unions kicked off a massive 24-hour strike on April 24, bringing trains, planes and ports to a halt as they protested against sweeping austerity measures from libertarian President Javier Milei's government. Read more here .

Venezuela inflation was 48% year-on-year in 2024, Maduro tells lawmakers

Venezuela inflation was 48% annually in 2024, the lowest in 12 years, Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro told lawmakers in an annual address to the national assembly and other officials on April 23, just days after he was inaugurated for a third term. Read more here .

Argentines bid poignant farewell to countryman Pope Francis at Vatican

Argentines joined the world to bid farewell to one of their own, Pope Francis. From various points, they travelled to the St. Peter’s Basilica where the body of the first-ever Argentine pontiff was lying in state to join thousands of mourners who had gathered to pay their last respects. Read more here .

Pilgrims from around the world expressed deep emotion at being part of the historic event. Kathryn Gilligan, a 59-year-old American tourist visiting for Holy Week, called it an unforgettable moment. "It was all so beautiful," she shared with the AFP. "To be able to be present for this is unbelievable, and it's an experience of a lifetime and a historical moment as well. We were here to honour a saint, and we look forward to our next Holy Father," she added.

Daniele Abate, a 51-year-old from Sicily, noted, "He proved once again that he was simple to the last and demonstrated his holiness and simplicity."

Some, like Solange Lalanne, a Chilean tourist, found it difficult to get close to the funeral due to security and large crowds. "I saw very little," she said, describing how the area was tightly controlled, restricting access to the procession route. Still, she expressed gratitude for witnessing part of the ceremony, even from a distance.

Among the faithful was Manuel Chipenda, a seminarian from Uganda , who participated in the liturgical service near Via della Conciliazione. "The ceremony was beautiful," he said. "We have a feeling of hope, because we know that God has welcomed the Holy Father Pope Francis." 

Pope Francis died on Easter Monday at age 88.

Among those voicing this hope was Jeremie Kamundele, a local resident, who emphasised the need for a pope capable of "embodying certain authentic values of the Roman Catholic Church."

Kamundele told the AFP, "We hope that the next pope, God willing, will be an African pope, to preserve and embody certain authentic values of the Roman Catholic Church." He also reflected warmly on Pope Francis, calling him "a pope of the poor" and praising his efforts to promote peace , particularly his calls during a visit two years ago for greater African autonomy.

Marie Salima, another faithful attending the funeral broadcast, shared that, "first of all, I'd like to offer my condolences to the whole Church and especially to our archdiocese of Kinshasa," she said.

Adding, "But with regard to the selection of the new pope, I'd like it to be an African pope this time, why not, because we'd also like to be represented at the Holy See." For Salima and many others, the dream of an African pope represents a broader desire for acknowledgement and leadership on the global religious stage.

However, some voices urged a more universal perspective. Noella Ntungi, another Kinshasa resident, stressed that the selection of a pope should transcend racial considerations. "I think that first of all, it's not a question of race," she said. "It will please us as Africans, but above all, it should be about who is best suited to lead the Church."

Pope Francis died on Easter Monday at age 88.

Tens of thousands of people lined the streets as the popemobile carried the late pope’s coffin through Rome. Many clapped, prayed, and waved flags to say goodbye to the Argentine pope, who died at the age of 88.

The late pope had requested to be buried in a modest grave, with only the Latin word “Franciscus” inscribed on his tombstone.

The marble for the tomb came from Liguria, the Italian region where his family roots can be traced. His burial site is close to the altar of Saint Francis, in a quiet side part of the fifth-century church.

Earlier in the day, a large funeral service was held at St. Peter’s Basilica, attended by world leaders and thousands of mourners.

Among them were US President Donald Trump , Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky, Britain’s Prince William, and Argentina’s President Javier Milei.

It was one of the biggest gatherings of world leaders in recent years.

After the service, the pope’s coffin was taken across the River Tiber to Santa Maria Maggiore.

Many young people from different countries also came to Rome to say goodbye to Pope Francis, remembering him as a leader who spoke for peace and stood with people suffering from war and hardship around the world.

Here are some of the major photos from the event that happened earlier today:

Among those in attendance were U.S. President Donald Trump , Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky, members of European royal families, and red-robed cardinals from across the globe.

The atmosphere was a poignant mix of solemnity and gratitude, with many speaking warmly of Pope Francis’s legacy of humility, compassion, and social justice .

“This is history, and I’m very proud to be here," said Nerina Lyons, an 80-year-old tourist from Houston, Texas. She added, "It’s cold, but I feel warmth anyway because of his love for us. He's watching over us, God is for sure, but also Papa Francesco."

For many pilgrims, the journey to honour the late pontiff was long and marked by deep devotion. Giorgina, a 74-year-old visitor from Peru, recounted spending the night outside the square. “We’ve been here all night. All night outside. They won’t let us through and we want to get in,” she told the AFP.

Others shared stories of unexpected connections forged during their pilgrimage. Eglina, a 29-year-old from Lithuania, said she met fellow mourners on her flight from London. "We’ve been waiting about three hours. It’s been an incredible experience, even just standing here together," she said.

For many, the day was not only about saying goodbye but also about expressing profound gratitude. Marzena, a 47-year-old from Forlì, Italy, spoke through tears. "I thank him for everything he did for the world, for us. He helped me understand so many things. I don't even know how to say it, I'm very emotional," she said. "I want to offer my prayer, from me and from the whole world, especially from the poor, because he was a Pope for the poor. I’m not rich myself," she added.

Pope Francis died on Easter Monday, April 21, 2025, at the age of 88 at his residence in the Vatican's Casa Santa Marta.

Among those arriving is U.S. President Donald Trump, accompanied by First Lady Melania Trump. Interestingly, Trump's arrival will coincide with the sealing of Pope Francis' coffin. Other heads of state confirmed to attend include French President Emmanuel Macron, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, and Hungarian President Viktor Orbán. Notably, both Vladimir Putin from Russia and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu will miss the event, as they are subject to outstanding warrants from the International Criminal Court.

As the public prepares to pay their respects, over 90,000 visitors poured into the basilica on Thursday, prompting the Vatican to extend its opening hours late into the night. In a special tribute, a group of poor and homeless individuals will gather around Pope Francis' coffin prior to the funeral.

The late pontiff is to be laid to rest at the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major, chosen for its proximity to an icon of the Virgin Mary that had always been a source of prayer for him. Following the funeral, the cardinals of the church will not convene to select the next pontiff until at least May 5. Arrivals of cardinals have been ongoing, with an initial meeting of 113 members taking place on Thursday to deliberate church-related matters. They are scheduled for another gathering on Friday, though it appears to be more of an organizational meeting.

Italian Cardinal Fernando Filoni commented on the preparations, stating, “We are getting ready, but we still have not entered into the more intense phase. We are in the organizational phase”. The tension and anticipation for both the funeral and the eventual conclave hangs palpably in the air as Rome accommodates those wishing to honor Pope Francis’ legacy.

Here are the top five topics dominating conversation in the wake of the pope’s death:

1. U.S. Vice President JD Vance’s last-minute meeting with the Pope

One of the final people to meet Pope Francis was U.S. Vice President JD Vance, who visited the pontiff at the Vatican just 24 hours before his death. Vance, who has previously clashed with the pope on immigration and social policy, called the moment “a great blessing,” expressing surprise and gratitude for the encounter.

"I was lucky that I got to shake his hand and tell him that I pray for him every day, because ... I did, and I do," Vance told reporters .

2. Pope Francis’ easter sunday appearance

Just one day before his death, Pope Francis made a remarkable return to the public eye, emerging from convalescence to greet thousands of faithful in St. Peter’s Square. Riding through the crowd in his popemobile and offering blessings, he appeared in good spirits despite his recent battle with double pneumonia. “Viva il Papa!” (Long live the pope), “Bravo!” the crowd shouted.

The surprise appearance has since been widely seen as a final moment of grace and connection with the people.

3. Meeting with King Charles and Queen Camilla

Days before his death, King Charles and Queen Camilla visited the pope at the Casa Santa Marta, where he had been recovering. The private meeting marked their 20th wedding anniversary and was filled with mutual well-wishes and quiet reflection. In a statement released by Buckingham Palace, the King and Queen noted they were "delighted the Pope was well enough to host them - and to have had the opportunity to share their best wishes in person". The Holy See Press Office also stated in a statement , “Pope Francis met privately with Their Majesties, King Charles and Queen Camilla, this afternoon. In the course of the meeting, the Pope expressed his best wishes to Their Majesties on the occasion of their wedding anniversary and reciprocated His Majesty’s wishes for a speedy recovery of his health.”

4. Official announcement and funeral plans

The Vatican officially confirmed Pope Francis’ death at 7:35 a.m. on April 21, calling it a moment of “deep sorrow” and gratitude for a life spent in service of the marginalised. Vatican spokesperson Matteo Bruni announced that the pope’s body will be moved to St. Peter’s Basilica on Wednesday, April 23, where the public may pay their respects. The pope's body was later laid in state for a public viewing.

The funeral arrangements, now underway, are expected to draw millions of mourners and dignitaries from around the world.

5. Internet jokes and conspiracy theories about JD Vance

In a bizarre twist, the internet has latched onto the timing of JD Vance’s meeting with the pope, spawning memes and jokes suggesting the vice president may have hastened the pontiff’s passing. While untrue, the commentary reflects deep ideological divisions, Pope Francis was seen by many as a progressive voice in the Church, often at odds with the MAGA-aligned wing of U.S. politics.

Vance, who once attempted to reinterpret Catholic doctrine to align with Trump’s hardline immigration stance, is now the subject of satirical headlines such as, “Did JD Vance Kill the Pope? An Investigation.”

Here’s a look at the defining moments and legacies that the world is celebrating as it bids farewell to a pope who touched lives far beyond the walls of the Church.

A pope of radical compassion

Pope Francis broke centuries of tradition with a papacy grounded in radical inclusivity. He famously washed the feet of Muslim refugees, women inmates, the elderly, and the disabled, acts of humility that reflected his unshakeable commitment to the marginalised.

In his final public address, Francis called for a ceasefire in Gaza, reiterating his stance on advocating for the oppressed even in his final days. Hospitalised and frail, he continued to reach out daily to priests and parishioners at the Holy Family Catholic Church in Gaza City.

LGBTQIA+ ally in the Vatican

Perhaps more than any of his predecessors, Pope Francis was a vocal ally of the LGBTQIA+ community, famously declaring “Who am I to judge?” early in his papacy and later allowing priests to bless same-sex couples, a turning point for LGBTQ+ Catholics worldwide.

“Rest in peace. He was a much kinder and accepting pope than his predecessors,” wrote one user on X. “I hope the next pope is just as kind for the sake of the world.”

Climate Justice

Francis didn't stop at spiritual matters; he took on  climate change as a moral and existential issue, calling environmental destruction a "structural sin." In 2015 and again in 2024, he wrote landmark encyclicals grounded in science and faith, urging global action. He even met with Greta Thunberg and challenged oil executives to address global warming.

Champion of the poor, the working class and charity

Francis was never shy about his roots, he proudly carried the identity of “the Pope of the Poor.” He embraced the symbol of Christ the Worker when he cheerfully received a replica of the hammer-and-sickle crucifix, crafted by slain Bolivian activist Fr. Luis Espinal. And when criticised for supporting economic justice, he famously responded during a visit to Indonesia, saying, “caring for the poor doesn’t mean being communist.”

From his first moments as pope, Francis broke convention: forgoing papal palaces, riding in a modest Ford Focus, delivering impromptu homilies, and kissing babies in the crowd. He brought a sense of accessibility and warmth to a role that had long seemed distant.

And who could forget when he blessed and auctioned off a custom Lamborghini gifted to him, raising $950,000 for charity.

Opened to the public on Wednesday, St. Peter's Basilica allows visitors to pay their final respects. The pontiff's coffin will remain on display until his funeral. Due to the high number of attendees, the Vatican may extend visiting hours beyond midnight in Rome to accommodate the influx of pilgrims.

More than 20,000 people have already gathered at the Vatican to honor Pope Francis. The coffin is positioned before the Papal Altar for public viewing over three days. President Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines has also announced four days of national mourning, reflecting the profound impact of the pope's passing on the Filipino community and highlighting his contribution to peace and compassion during his visit to the country.

Pope Francis's body was moved to St. Peter's Basilica in a solemn procession led by cardinals, where it lies in state for public mourning. The emotional impact of his death was noted by Cardinal Mario Zenari, who remarked on the late pope's joyous character as thousands queued to pay their respects. In Jerusalem, a Mass was conducted at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in remembrance of the pope, demonstrating his global influence.

Crowds in the Vatican remained visible, streaming inside the Basilica as they prepared to say their goodbyes. The funeral on Saturday is anticipated to draw over 200,000 attendees, united in their grief and respect for the late pontiff.

A visual by World Visualized highlights the oldest popes in office, showcasing how age and experience have shaped the Catholic Church’s leadership across centuries.

The top 3 longest-living popes while in office

Pope Leo XIII (1878–1903)

Age at end of reign: 93 years, 140 days

Known for his scholarly works and social teachings, Leo XIII remains the oldest pope in history. His long life allowed him to leave a lasting imprint on Catholic doctrine, especially through his encyclicals on workers' rights and modern society .

Pope Francis (2013–2025)

Age at end of reign: 88 years, 123 days

The first Jesuit pope and the first from Latin America , Francis was a global figure for dialogue, humility, and care for the marginalised. His papacy emphasised environmental stewardship and compassion-driven reform.

Pope Clement XII (1730–1740)

Age at end of reign: 87 years, 305 days

Despite severe health issues, Clement XII led with remarkable energy, commissioning architectural masterpieces like the Trevi Fountain and reinforcing Catholic orthodoxy.

In many ways, the papacy is a reflection of lifelong devotion. Unlike political leaders with term limits, popes serve for life unless they choose to resign—something rarely done in history. Pope Benedict XVI, who stepped down in 2013 due to health reasons, was among the few to retire voluntarily, breaking a centuries-old precedent.

However, ageing also raises questions about mental and physical capacity in such a demanding role, prompting discussions around retirement norms and succession planning.

From John Paul II’s charismatic outreach to Pius IX’s doctrinal firm stance, the lives of these popes reveal how leadership shaped by age can guide the Church through major social, political, and spiritual transformations.

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This structure is called a hierarchy.

The hierarchy starts from the lowest levels where ordinary members serve in small roles, and goes all the way up to the pope, who is seen as the spiritual head of the entire Roman Catholic institution.

With the death of Pope Francis in April 2025, attention has now turned to what happens next.

The Church will soon begin the steps to choose a new pope, and this article seeks to establish the hierarchy that exists in the Catholic Church and what the role of each leader in the system is.

Altar or Mass Servers

These can be described as young members of the Church who help the priest during Mass. They are volunteers and are not appointed officially. They assist with simple tasks like carrying the cross or holding the book during services.

Deacons

Deacons are the first level of ordained ministers. They help priests and bishops during church services, baptisms, and weddings. They cannot lead Mass or hear confessions, but they preach and do a lot of community work.

There are two types of deacons: permanent (who can marry) and transitional (who are training to become priests). A man becomes a deacon through a special ceremony called ordination. These deacons are usually chosen and trained by a bishop.

Priests or leaders of local churches

Priests are the most familiar faces to Catholics. They lead Mass, hear confessions, and care for people in local parishes. A man must go to a seminary (a special school) and spend years training before he can become a priest. They are ordained by bishops after the training process. Some priests belong to religious orders, like Jesuits or Franciscans, while others work directly under their local bishop.

Bishops

Bishops are in charge of a group of churches in a particular area called a diocese. They supervise the priests in that area and make sure the teachings of the Church are followed. Bishops can also perform confirmations and ordain new priests and deacons. The pope chooses priests within a parish to become bishops. The Vatican has a process where candidates are studied carefully before the final choice is made.

Archbishops

An archbishop is a bishop in charge of an archdiocese, which is usually a more important or larger diocese. They have the same duties as bishops but may also oversee other bishops in nearby dioceses. Archbishops are also chosen by the pope. Some go on to become cardinals.

Cardinals/advisors to the Pope

Cardinals are senior church leaders who give advice to the pope and run key departments in the Vatican. Most cardinals are bishops or archbishops before they are chosen by the pope to become cardinals. One of their most important jobs is to choose the next pope.

When a pope dies or resigns, all cardinals under the age of 80 gather in Rome for a secret vote called a conclave. The pope is chosen from the College of Cardinals.

The Pope/leader of the Catholic Church

The pope is the bishop of Rome and the head of the global Catholic Church. Catholics believe he is the successor of Saint Peter, one of Jesus’ apostles. The pope speaks for the Church and has the final say on matters of faith. Only cardinals under 80 years old can vote for a new pope and qualify to be a pope.

During the conclave, they vote in the Sistine Chapel until one person receives two-thirds of the votes. That person must accept the role before it is announced to the world. The results of the voting , which is done in secret, are announced with smoke that emanates from the burning of the ballot papers. Black smoke indicates a failed voting process, whilst white smoke indicates the selection of a new pope.

Pope Francis, who passed away recently, was known for his love for the poor and his focus on simple living . He became pope in 2013 and led the Church for 12 years.

What happens next?

Now that the pope has died, cardinals are meeting in Rome to choose a new one. This process usually begins with a series of meetings to discuss the future of the Church. The conclave may last a few days or even weeks, depending on how quickly they agree.

In the meantime, a temporary leader called the “Camerlengo” takes care of day-to-day matters in the Vatican. Planning for the pope’s funeral is also underway.

As the procession made its way across the square, bells tolled as thousands of worshippers gathered to pay tribute.

More than 200,000 mourners are expected to come to St. Peter’s Square on Saturday to pay their last respects to the pontiff.

En su intervención ante el Congreso, el Papa enfatizó que los migrantes deben ser considerados como personas y propuso que se escuchen sus historias: “Responder de una manera que sea siempre humana, justa y fraternal”. Su defensa de los migrantes se extendió a nivel global, luchando por aquellos desplazados por la violencia y la pobreza.

El viaje a Ciudad Juárez en 2016, cercano a la frontera con Estados Unidos, fue marcado por su crítica a Donald Trump . Declaró: “Una persona que solo piensa en construir muros y no puentes no es cristiana”. Trump, en respuesta, expresó: “Para un líder religioso cuestionar la fe de una persona es vergonzoso”.

Durante el segundo mandato de Trump, surgieron nuevas tensiones. Francisco criticó enérgicamente las deportaciones masivas y desaprobó al vicegobernador JD Vance, quien defendió políticas de inmigración apoyándose en la doctrina católica.

David Gibson de la Universidad Fordham, un observador cercano del Vaticano, indicó que, a pesar de sus objeciones a la política de inmigración de EE.UU., Francisco reconoció la necesidad de regular la inmigración, afirmando: "Él no está a favor de las fronteras abiertas en absoluto".

Italy leads in cardinal figures

As expected, Italy holds the largest number with 17 cardinal electors. This is not only a reflection of the Vatican’s geographical home but also its deeply entrenched ecclesiastical influence within the Roman Curia.

Coming next are the United States (10 cardinals) and Brazil (7 cardinals), underlining the enduring strength of Catholicism in the Americas. Other significant contributors include Spain (5), India (4), and Germany (4), showcasing how the balance of influence extends beyond European borders.

A conclave of diversity

From Canada and Mexico in the north to Nigeria, the Philippines, and South Korea in the south and east, the conclave brings together representatives from all continents except Antarctica.

Notably, even countries with only one cardinal elector—such as Ghana, Japan, and Papua New Guinea—are integral to this historic process, reinforcing Pope Francis' vision of a truly universal Church.

This demographic shift reflects a growing recognition of the Catholic Church’s growth in the Global South, especially in Africa and Asia , where the faith is experiencing some of its most dynamic expansion.

What lies ahead

The cardinals will meet under strict conclave protocols , including seclusion and silence from the outside world. Their charge: to elect a new spiritual leader who will guide over 1.3 billion Catholics worldwide through an era marked by secular challenges, technological transformation, and shifting global power dynamics.

Speculation is already brewing about frontrunners—some believe the next pope could be from Latin America again, or perhaps Africa or Asia, marking another pivotal moment in papal history.

As smoke once again rises from the chimney above the Sistine Chapel—black for inconclusive, white for a new pope—the faithful will watch and pray. The conclave of 2025 is more than a vote; it is a solemn ritual of unity, continuity, and the search for spiritual guidance in a complex and rapidly changing world

Cardinal Kevin Farrell, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, announced the death of Pope Francis from his residence:

"Dearest brothers and sisters, with deep sorrow, I must announce the death of our Holy Father Francis. At 7:35 this morning, the Bishop of Rome, Francis, returned to the house of the Father. His entire life was dedicated to the service of the Lord and of His Church. He taught us to live the values of the Gospel with fidelity, courage, and universal love, especially in favour of the poorest and most marginalised. With immense gratitude for his example as a true disciple of the Lord Jesus, we commend the soul of Pope Francis to the infinite merciful love of the One and Triune God," the Vatican News Service wrote.

His death has brought sadness across the world, with millions remembering him as a humble and kind leader who stood for the poor, peace, and the environment.

Flags are flying at half-mast at the Vatican. Bells rang at St. Peter’s Basilica to mark the passing of a man many people loved, even outside the Catholic Church.

  What caused his death?

The Vatican said Pope Francis died after suffering a major stroke. The stroke caused him to lose consciousness, which led to heart failure.

“The cause of Pope Francis' death has been identified as a stroke, followed by a coma and irreversible cardiocirculatory collapse,” the Vatican said .

The report was released on Monday evening by the Holy See Press Office after the official certification was issued by Dr. Andrea Arcangeli, Director of the Directorate of Health and Hygiene of the Vatican City.

“According to the medical report, the Pope had a prior history of acute respiratory failure caused by multimicrobial bilateral pneumonia, multiple bronchiectases, high blood pressure, and Type II diabetes,” the Vatican added .

Pope Francis had been struggling with health problems for some time. Over the past few years, he had surgery on his lungs, one that cost him a portion of the organ that had been affected by a severe respiratory infection.  

On February 14, 2025, he was admitted to the Agostino Gemelli Polyclinic Hospital after suffering from a “bout of bronchitis” for several days, the Vatican said. After a series of tests, he was diagnosed with bilateral pneumonia on February 18.

Even though he was not in perfect health, Pope Francis continued his work almost until the very end.

He kept meeting leaders, attending public events, and speaking to the world about kindness, peace, and protecting the Earth. Many people admired his strength and commitment even while he was sick.

A Pope who cared about the poor and the planet

Pope Francis was known for changing the way many people saw the Catholic Church. He wanted the Church to be closer to ordinary people and not just focus on rules and traditions.

He spoke a lot about helping the poor, protecting nature, and welcoming migrants. He often said the Church must be a home for everyone, including those who felt forgotten or left out.

He also warned world leaders about the dangers of climate change and called for more fairness in the economy.

Francis was the first Pope from Latin America and the first Jesuit to lead the Church. He lived simply, choosing a small home instead of the grand papal palace. He used a simple car and often wore plain clothes. His message was always about humility, mercy, and love.

During his time as Pope, he visited places others had not, like South Sudan and Iraq, meeting people who were suffering from war and poverty. Many young people and people outside the Church respected him for his honest, caring style.

From Buenos Aires to the Vatican

Pope Francis was born Jorge Mario Bergoglio on December 17, 1936, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His parents were immigrants from Italy. As a young man, he loved soccer and dancing.

He also studied chemistry and even worked briefly as a nightclub bouncer.

In his early twenties, he decided to become a priest.

He joined the Jesuit order, which is known for helping the poor and focusing on education. He quickly became a leader in the Jesuits because of his simple way of living and strong faith.

He later became the Archbishop of Buenos Aires. In 2013, after Pope Benedict XVI resigned, Bergoglio was elected Pope. He chose the name Francis, after Saint Francis of Assisi, who was famous for his love of the poor and of nature.

What happens now?

With the death of Pope Francis, the Vatican is now preparing for his funeral. Church leaders have already started meeting to plan the funeral ceremonies, which will take place at St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City.

The Catholic Church will also begin the process of choosing a new Pope. This process is called a conclave. During the conclave, all the cardinals of the Church will meet in the Sistine Chapel. They will pray and vote in secret until they agree on a new leader.

Until a new Pope is elected, the Church will be led by the Camerlengo, a Vatican official who looks after the Church’s daily affairs during this period.

Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1936, Pope Francis shattered centuries of tradition in 2013 when he became the first non-European pope in over 1,200 years. His election not only represented a geographical shift in the papacy but also a moral and ideological one, emphasising compassion for the poor, care for the environment, and the importance of mercy over judgment.

A papal history written in geography

A map from The World in Maps reveals just how monumental Francis's election truly was. The map highlights the birthplaces of all popes throughout history, and the more than 260 popes, a staggering 217 hailed from modern-day Italy. Other European countries like France (16 popes), Germany (7), Spain (6), and Greece (5) follow distantly behind.

On the contrary, Argentina—Francis’s homeland—produced just one pope in its history: the man who, for over a decade, led the global Catholic Church from the southern hemisphere.

A legacy rooted in reform

Francis will be remembered not just for where he came from, but for what he stood for. His papacy was marked by groundbreaking gestures: visiting war zones, advocating for refugees, championing climate action through his landmark Laudato Si’ , and calling for a more inclusive Church.

He also made headlines for his stance on sensitive issues like homosexuality , clerical abuse, and the role of women in the Church—topics that often sparked both praise and controversy.

What happens next?

With the papal seat now vacant, the College of Cardinals will soon be summoned to the Vatican for a conclave, a centuries-old process in which cardinals under the age of 80 will gather in the Sistine Chapel to elect the next pope.

While it remains to be seen who will wear the white robes next, many believe that Francis paved the way for greater diversity in the papacy. With Catholic populations booming in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the next pontiff may continue the trend of global representation in the Church’s highest office.

Tributes continue to pour in from all corners of the globe, honouring Pope Francis, who dedicated his life to promoting peace, justice , and human dignity.

"I believe that all of us who knew him—and even those who knew him only from afar, through the news—remember this great man who worked tirelessly not only for the Church, but for the world, for peace in the world, for peace among nations, and dialogue between people s. His concern for the environment, and at the same time, his concern for debt and people in need of greater dignity," Orani Joao Tempesta, Cardinal of Rio de Janeiro, told AFP.

Upon convening in the Sistine Chapel, typically within 15 to 20 days after the pope’s death, the cardinals follow a strict protocol. After announcing "extra omnes" to exclude all but the voting cardinals and select officials, the doors to the chapel are securely locked, and the cardinals take an oath of secrecy, cutting off all communication with the outside world . Their phones are confiscated, and the chapel is meticulously checked for any listening devices to safeguard confidentiality throughout the conclave.

The conclave takes place at St. Martha’s House, a designated facility near the chapel where the cardinals, including Pope Francis, have resided during prior conclaves. The proceedings commence with a mass, followed by deliberations and voting that ensues daily, both morning and afternoon, until a candidate secures a two-thirds majority. A day is reserved for prayer after every seven ballots, and should the process fail after 30 ballots, a simple majority will suffice for election.

Any baptized male may potentially be elected as pope, but a serving cardinal is typically the choice. Each elector receives a ballot card inscribed with the phrase eligo in summum pontificem, indicating their selection. The secrecy of the ballot does not preclude the possibility of intrigue or lobbying among the cardinals. After each voting round, the ballots are burned, with chemical agents added to produce white smoke for a successful election or black smoke for inconclusive results.

Once a candidate is determined, he is asked to accept the election and decide upon a papal name. Following this, the cardinals vow their allegiance to the newly elected pope, who is then escorted to the adjacent Room of Tears for dressing in the traditional white cassock, skull cap, and red slippers. The Vatican has prepared three sets of vestments to accommodate different sizes.

Finally, the dean of the cardinals announces the election of the new pope from the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica, addressing the congregation gathered below with the words: “I announce to you with great joy: We have a pope”. This announcement marks a significant moment for Catholics worldwide, signifying the continuation of their faith under new leadership.

Pope Francis was renowned for his vocal stance on humanitarian crises globally, including the one in Gaza. His death signifies a loss of a significant voice advocating for peace and human dignity, which resonated with many Palestinians, although they are predominantly Muslim.

In a statement, Hamas remarked on the Pope’s consistent opposition to war fare and aggression, noting his condemnation of what they termed as war crimes against the Palestinian populace. Leaders from both Israel and Palestine expressed their sorrow over his passing and acknowledged his efforts towards fostering dialogue and understanding.

Tributes to Pope Francis emerged from both Christian and Muslim communities on social media , reflecting on his empathetic approach towards civilians affected by violence. His final Easter message highlighted concerns over rising anti-Semitism, while also emphasizing the dire situation in Gaza where conflict continues to wreak havoc.

Following Hamas's attacks, Pope Francis had advocated for the freedom of hostages and promoted dialogue as crucial for peace. In a notable escalation of criticism, he called for an investigation into allegations of genocide regarding Israel’s actions in Gaza, urging careful examination of the situation from a legal standpoint.

Pope Francis’s relationship with Palestinian communities spans back to before the current hostilities. His poignant act of praying at a wall in Bethlehem during a 2014 visit symbolized his support. Despite health challenges, he maintained communication with Christian leaders in Gaza, decrying violence against civilians.

Israeli President Isaac Herzog commended the Pope for fostering Jewish-Christian relations and interfaith dialogue, hoping his prayers for peace would come to fruition. Meanwhile, Bassem Naim from Hamas expressed that the loss of Pope Francis would leave a significant void, attributing it to his principled stance against injustices faced by Palestinians.

As the tumultuous situation in Gaza persists with no signs of peace or hostages' release, many Palestinians feel they have lost a powerful advocate. The ongoing conflict remains complex, underscoring the need for diplomatic engagements amidst widespread suffering.

He passed away after surviving pneumonia and delivering a final Easter blessing to thousands in St. Peter’s Square.

María Carmen Rendiles was born in Caracas on August 11, 1903, and died there on May 9, 1977.

From a young age, she helped her mother care for their family after her father passed away and worked at a local parish before joining a French religious order in Venezuela in 1927.

At the age of 24, she became a novice. In 1961, with support from the Catholic Church, she founded a new congregation, the Handmaids of Jesus.

Despite losing an arm, María Carmen Rendiles lived a life of deep faith and service. According to the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Venezuela, her physical condition never stopped her from living an inspiring Christian life.

The miracle that paved the way for her sainthood involved the healing of a young woman diagnosed with hydrocephalus, a serious brain condition.

The woman’s health was getting worse until a Mass was held by María Carmen Rendiles’ grave. After touching Rendiles’ portrait, the young woman’s condition improved.

The Vatican declared the recovery "complete, stable, and scientifically unexplainable."

Speaking about her impact , a member of the Handmaids of Jesus said, “Her strength came from her faith, not from her physical abilities.”

In 2018, María Carmen Rendiles was beatified after years of efforts by Venezuelan Catholic leaders, who first requested her canonisation in 1995. The date for her canonisation has not yet been announced.

Earlier this year, Pope Francis also approved the canonisation of José Gregorio Hernández, known as "the poor’s doctor," who was beatified in 2021. He will be Venezuela’s first male saint.

According to a Monitor.co.ug report, these leaders have demonstrated remarkable longevity in their political careers.

Here are some examples of the world's oldest heads of state:

Paul Biya (Cameroon)

At 91, Paul Biya is the world's oldest elected leader. He has ruled Cameroon since November 1982, making him one of the longest-serving leaders globally. Known for his inscrutable nature, Biya has maintained a firm grip on power for over four decades.

King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Saudi Arabia)

The sons of King Abdulaziz have held the throne of Saudi Arabia since 1953. The monarch, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, assumed power in January 2015 and is 89.

Pope Francis (Vatican City)

Pope Francis, 88, is the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City. He is the first Jesuit pope from the Americas and the Southern Hemisphere and the first non-European pope since the 8th century.

Harald V of Norway

Harald V, King of Norway, 87, is a member of the House of Glücksburg. He is the third child and only son of King Olav V and Princess Märtha of Sweden and was second in line to the throne at birth.

Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (Equatorial Guinea)

Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, 82 has been in power since August 1979, following a coup. He is Africa's longest-serving leader, having ruled Equatorial Guinea for over 43 years. His tenure is marked by significant political control and limited opposition.

In the San Martin region, Peru's transport and communications ministry has initiated a groundbreaking project aimed at connecting over 220 localities to fibre broadband. As reported by Telecompaper , this investment of approximately USD 68 million is designed to provide free high-speed internet access to schools and health clinics, thereby benefiting an estimated 192,000 residents in currently underserved areas. This move is pivotal in enhancing digital inclusion and improving access to essential services in rural communities.

Pope meets journalists covering Peru scandals

Pope Francis has shown support for investigative journalists reporting on scandals involving the Sodalitium Christianae Vitae (SCV) in Peru. Meeting with journalists Pedro Salinas, Paola Ugaz, and Elise Ann Allen, the Pope reaffirmed the Vatican's commitment to investigate allegations of sexual abuse and financial misconduct within the SCV. According to Crux , he addressed the journalists' concerns relating to ongoing abuses and the necessity for an independent commission for victim compensation, promising a favourable outcome from the ongoing investigations. This audience signifies the Vatican’s stance on protecting investigative journalists from harassment in their pursuit of truth.

Peru upgrades armoured fleet with South Korean K808 IFVs, K2 tanks

In terms of military advancements, Peru is modernising its armoured fleet by acquiring military equipment from South Korea. The procurement includes 30 K808 "White Tiger" armoured personnel carriers, along with plans for approximately 100 K2 "Black Panther" main battle tanks, as part of a strategy to replace outdated Soviet-era vehicles. This $60 million deal marks a historic first for South Korea in supplying armoured vehicles to Latin America and is anticipated to foster long-term collaboration for defence modernization between Hyundai Rotem and Peru’s FAME S.A.C. This collaboration reflects Peru’s shift towards strengthening ties with Western nations while enhancing its military capabilities to address modern challenges effectively, Global Defence News reports.

Blueberries and avocados lead Peru’s agricultural exports

Peru's agricultural sector has also experienced remarkable growth, primarily driven by the export of blueberries and avocados. For the first ten months of 2024, blueberry exports surged to $1.64 billion, a 50.7% increase, while avocado shipments rose to $1.23 billion, up by 29% compared to the previous year. This growth was underscored during a cooperation agreement announcement between the Association of Exporters of Peru (Adex) and the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation, aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural practices, according to EuroFruit . Notably, the United States remains the largest market for Peruvian agricultural products, illustrating the global reach and demand for these commodities.

Peruvian faith leaders celebrate 10 years of religious freedom

On November 28, 2024, the Interreligious Council of Peru convened in Lima to commemorate a decade of the "Commitment for Peru" agreement, which upholds essential values such as life, religious freedom, and family rights. The meeting saw the participation of faith leaders, including Elder Jorge T. Becerra, who underscored the significance of interfaith unity in addressing social issues. According to The Church of Jesus Christ , the gathering also acknowledged key contributors to the agreement, highlighting its ongoing relevance amidst global discussions on tolerance and human rights, particularly in light of the 42nd anniversary of the UN’s “Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance.”

“I appeal to governments and the international community that a ceasefire may be reached on all war fronts by the Christmas celebrations,” the Pope said during the Angelus prayer on Sunday, December 8.

The appeal was part of a broader request for unity in prayer for peace in nations affected by conflict. Highlighting the ongoing suffering, the Pope specifically mentioned Ukraine, the Middle East, Sudan, Myanmar, and other regions grappling with violence.

“Let us continue to pray for peace in tormented Ukraine, in the Middle East—Palestine, Israel, Lebanon, and now Syria—in Myanmar, in Sudan, and wherever people suffer from war and violence,” he pleaded.

"I rejoice at the ceasefire that has been reached in recent days in Lebanon and I hope that it can be respected by all parties," he said. "In this situation, I address an urgent invitation to all Lebanese politicians so that a President of the Republic may be elected immediately and the institutions may return to their normal functioning to proceed with the necessary reforms and assure the country of the role of the example of peaceful coexistence between the different religions."

Lebanon has been without a president since Michel Aoun's term ended in October 2022. The prolonged leadership vacuum has hindered the country's ability to address pressing issues and implement reforms.

The Pope's call comes at a time when the country is navigating a fragile ceasefire, and the election of a president is seen as a pivotal move to stabilise the nation.

Lebanese parliamentary speaker Nabih Berri, however, has scheduled a presidential election for January 9, 2025, to end the two-year leadership void.

The election is expected to be a crucial step towards re-establishing normal governmental functions and ensuring Lebanon's role as a model of peaceful coexistence among different religious communities.

"We enrol them among the saints, decreeing that they are to be venerated as such by the whole Church," proclaimed Francis, as he recited the names of the newly canonised.

This canonisation marks the final step in the process of sainthood in the Catholic Church, which requires that individuals have performed at least two miracles, be deceased for a minimum of five years, and lead an exemplary Christian life.

Among the canonised were 11 individuals known as the "martyrs of Damascus," who were assassinated by Druze militants in July 1860 at a monastery in the Syrian capital, AFP reports. This group consists of eight Franciscan friars and three lay Maronites, who have been recognised as saints more than 160 years after their deaths. They were beatified by Pope Pius XI in 1926.

The remaining three canonized individuals, who lived in the early 20th century, were also recognized for founding religious communities. They include Italian missionary Giuseppe Allamano, Italian nun Elena Guerra, and Canadian Marie-Leonie Paradis.

"I am saddened by the news coming out of Lebanon," the Pope said, urging the international community to take action to stop the conflict. He conveyed his solidarity with the Lebanese people, who have already suffered greatly in recent times.

Pope Francis highlighted the urgent need for efforts to restore peace and stability in the region.

Here he interacted both with the Catholic and Muslim communities in Jakarta, the capital.

After this, he visited other countries including Papua Guinea, Timore Leste and finalised his trip today.

The Pope was welcomed by crowds at the Changi Airport as he interacted with some clergymen and children.

Pope Francis’ visit is considered iconic considering his recent health complications.

The 87-year-old has had to undergo a hernia surgery and has suffered respiratory issues. He now relies on a wheelchair, walking sticks or aides to get around.

The Pope’s trip was however very successful as he carried out several public engagements, and energised congregations through impromptu call-and-response.

In East Timor, he held a mass for 600,000 faithful -- almost half the nation's population -- before flying on Wednesday to finance hub Singapore.

After travelling for two hours aboard an Australian C-130 military transport plane, Pope Francis landed in the remote town to a crowd that had been excitedly awaiting his presence.

“If you see the crowd, meaning that his words are touching, that's why you can see a lot of other denominations also here. So I believe his presence here will bring a lot of changes, especially to convert Christians,” said Bony Enda, a Vanimo resident, as reported by AFP.

David Jones, another local, shared his excitement: "It's a vast thing, right now we are thinking about it. So it's a vast thing, when the Pope comes into our country we feel like we are happy, all of us, we are happy right now. So it's a vast thing right now. It's a prominent thing we have never seen before, right now we see it."

Pope Francis visited Vanimo at the invitation of local Catholic missionaries, who have evangelised since the mid-19th century and been instrumental in establishing churches, schools, hospitals, and missionary centres in the remote area, according to the Vatican . The Pope acknowledged their efforts, saying these institutions help the faithful to “flourish in all their beauty for the sake of the common good.”

During an address on September 7 to politicians and diplomats in Papua New Guinea's capital, Port Moresby, Pope Francis urged the country’s leaders to ensure the sustainable use of the island’s natural resources for the benefit of the entire population.

"Even if outside experts and large international companies must be involved in harnessing these resources, it is only right that the needs of local people are given due consideration when distributing the proceeds and employing workers," Pope Francis is quoted by the AFP.

The pope also addressed the ongoing issue of tribal violence among the people, expressing his hope for peace. "It is my particular hope that tribal violence will come to an end, for it causes many victims, prevents people from living in peace, and hinders development," he said.

In addition to advocating for peace, Pope Francis called for a resolution to tensions with Bougainville, an autonomous island region.

The visit to Papua New Guinea forms part of the Pope’s Asia-Pacific tour. He is expected to visit Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste, and Singapore over 12 days.

In Port Moresby, preparations for the visit are in full swing. The city’s streets have been cleaned, vendors moved, and yellow-and-white Holy See flags, fluttering in the Coral Sea breeze, are displayed along lamp posts.

During his visit, the Pope will spend four days and three nights in the country, addressing bishops, meeting street children, travelling to a remote jungle area, and celebrating mass for tens of thousands of followers.

Among the pilgrims is a group of 43 who trekked over 200 kilometres from the north coast to Port Moresby, traversing dense jungle and rugged terrain.

The visit is seen as a significant moment for Papua New Guinea, a country struggling with social issues such as domestic abuse, witch hunts, and tribal violence. Human Rights Watch has highlighted Papua New Guinea as one of the most dangerous places for women and girls, with 80 per cent of women experiencing violence. In the Highlands, accusations of sorcery often lead to deadly witch hunts. Many hope the Pope's visit will bring attention to these issues and inspire change.

The church plays a key role in providing healthcare, education, and welfare in Papua New Guinea, filling gaps left by the state. The citizens are hopeful that the pope’s presence will foster peace and unity in the country.

During the ceremony, Grand Imam Nasaruddin emphasised two critical messages: the importance of humanity and the urgent need to protect the environment. "Humanity is only one; there are no colours that divide us," said Umar. "And the environment is essential for the survival of our society and humanity."

The joint declaration, which calls for collaboration between Muslims, Catholics, and followers of all religions, depicts the role faith communities play in addressing global environmental challenges. "Without a healthy environment, it is difficult to achieve the highest levels of humanity," Umar added.

Pope Francis’s visit to Indonesia is part of his tour of the Asia-Pacific region, with a central theme of promoting interfaith unity, the AFP reports.

The journey includes stops in Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Singapore. Despite the lengthy flight from Rome, Pope Francis appeared upbeat, expressing gratitude for the journey. “I think it is the longest one (flight) I have done,” he said.

His three-day visit to Indonesia is focused on promoting inter-religious dialogue. On Wednesday, he will meet with President Joko Widodo, who called the visit “historic” and emphasized the shared commitment to peace and brotherhood between Indonesia and the Vatican, AFP reported.

He will fly to Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia before heading to Papua Guinea and Singapore. Among other things, Pope Francis is looking forward to interacting with the Catholic communities and their governments. In Indonesia, the Pope is also expected to visit the largest mosque in Southeast Asia, the Istiqlal Mosque. He will also visit one of the oldest churches in Indonesia, the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption.

Ahead of his visit, photos and welcoming messages have been posted at strategic points and within these facilities.

The Pope’s trip is iconic considering his age, 87 and health conditions. The last trip he took before this was to Marseille France in September 2023.

There is anticipation among some Indonesian citizens.

“I agree with and feel happy about the visit by the Pope to the Istiqlal Mosque because it represents good relationships between religions in the world,” Dindin Gunari, a Muslim citizen told AFP.

Another private employee said, “Nevertheless, Catholics are one of the minorities in Indonesia. So with the visit by the Pope, I hope there will be better attention to religious minorities”.

He called for the continuation of negotiations, the release of hostages, and immediate assistance to the population in Gaza, where diseases like polio are spreading rapidly.

The Pope also emphasised the need for peace in the Holy Land, particularly in Jerusalem.

"The Holy City should be a place of encounters, where Christians, Jews, and Muslims feel respected and welcomed, and where no one questions the status quo of their respective holy sites," he stated.

This appeal comes as Israel announced on Sunday that its troops had found six dead hostages in a Gaza tunnel. Meanwhile, a "shooting attack" in the occupied West Bank claimed the lives of three Israeli officers, according to Israeli police. The violence in the West Bank, which is separated from Gaza by Israeli territory, has intensified following a large-scale Israeli military operation that has drawn international concern.

In Gaza, where the conflict has raged for nearly 11 months, "humanitarian pauses" were set to begin on Sunday to facilitate a massive polio vaccination drive, which a health official confirmed had already started.

In his address, Pope Francis criticised "restrictive laws" and the "militarisation of borders," urging instead for the establishment of safe migration routes. "There are those who work systematically and with every means possible to repel migrants. And this, when done with awareness and responsibility, is a grave sin," he declared.

The Pope reiterated that the Mediterranean Sea, where over 3,000 migrants went missing last year according to UN figures, has tragically become a "cemetery." He also highlighted that deserts, often seen as natural death traps, are sometimes places where migrants are intentionally abandoned. "In the time of satellites and drones, there are migrant men, women, and children that no one must see. Only God sees them and hears their cry," he lamented.

While not pointing fingers at any specific country, Pope Francis emphasised that his concerns extend to all terrains where migrants suffer in isolation, including oceans, lakes, rivers, forests, jungles, and steppes. "We can all agree on one thing: migrants should not be in those seas and in those lethal deserts," he urged. "But it is not through more restrictive laws, it is not with the militarisation of borders, it is not with rejection that we will obtain this result."

The Holy See Press Office announced the creation of the new diocese on August 1. The Diocese of Ganda is the 20th diocese in Angola and is part of the Metropolitan See of Huambo.

It was carved out from the Benguela Diocese and has a population of 947,826, with 633,636 Catholics, representing 66.9% of the total population.

The establishment of the Diocese of Ganda marks a significant development for the Catholic Church in Angola.

Bishop Binga was born on September 2, 1966, in the Archdiocese of Lubango. He was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Benguela in April 1996 after studying at the Bom Pastor Seminary and the Cristo Rei Seminary in the Huambo Diocese.

He holds a bachelor's degree, licentiate, and doctorate in dogmatic theology from the Faculty of Theology of Northern Spain.

During his priesthood, Binga served in various roles, including prefect of discipline in the preparatory seminary in the Benguela Diocese, collaborator in the Parish of Nossa Senhora dos Navegantes, president of the Diocesan Commission for Study and Refresher Courses, and lecturer at several higher education institutions.

He was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Benguela Diocese in November 2021.