The United States and the European Union have, however, provided billions of dollars in military and economic aid, including advanced air defence systems and artillery. Aid debates in Western capitals continue to shape Kyiv’s battlefield capacity.

Russia, meanwhile, faces sweeping economic sanctions targeting its banking, energy and defence sectors. While sanctions have strained parts of the economy, Moscow has redirected trade and increased domestic arms production.

Despite a call for a ceasefire, Ukraine insists on full territorial restoration and security guarantees, while Russia maintains claims over annexed regions. The United Nations continues to call for a negotiated settlement, but no ceasefire agreement has been reached.

In all of these, the humanitarian toll remains severe, with millions displaced and infrastructure heavily damaged. The conflict continues to affect global food and energy markets .

Watch the full video above as voices from the Global South dish out what's next for both parties to save themselves and avert the deadly cost.

Senegal, despite winning the final 1–0 after extra time, was penalised for conduct both on and off the pitch. 

The Senegalese national team head coach, Mr Pape Bouna Thiaw, received a five-match suspension from official CAF competitions. He was also fined USD 100,000 for what CAF described as “unsporting conduct in violation of the CAF Disciplinary Code principles of fair play and integrity and for bringing the game into disrepute”.

Two Senegalese players, Iliman Cheikh Baroy Ndiaye and Ismaila Sarr, were each suspended for two CAF matches for unsporting behaviour towards the referee.

The FSF received further disciplinary measures. The federation was fined USD 300,000 for the “improper conduct of its supporters, which brought the game into disrepute in violation of the CAF Disciplinary Code principles of fair play and integrity”. Another USD 300,000 fine was imposed for the “unsporting conduct of their players and technical staff in violation of the CAF Disciplinary Code principles of fair play, loyalty and integrity”. Additionally, CAF levied a USD 15,000 fine for the team receiving five cautions during the match.

The Moroccan federation also faced disciplinary actions. Star player Achraf Hakimi was suspended for two matches, with one match suspended under a one-year probationary period. Midfielder Ismaël Saibari was suspended for three matches and fined USD 100,000.

CAF sanctioned the FRMF for various conduct and organisational issues. A fine of USD 200,000 was issued due to the inappropriate behaviour of the stadium’s ball boys. The FRMF was also fined USD 100,000 after Moroccan players and technical staff entered the VAR review area and interfered with the referee’s duties, breaching Articles 82 and 83 of the CAF Disciplinary Code. A further USD 15,000 fine was imposed for the use of lasers by Moroccan supporters during the match.

CAF also dismissed a protest filed by the FRMF, which had challenged Senegal’s conduct and sought to overturn the final result. The disciplinary board ruled the appeal lacked merit, thereby confirming Senegal as the AFCON 2025 champions.

The final itself , held at the Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium in Rabat, was defined by high tension, including a missed "Panenka" penalty by Morocco's Brahim Díaz in the dying minutes of regular time before Pape Gueye secured the win for the Teranga Lions in extra time.

In a notable policy change effective 1 January 2026, China removed a three-decade VAT exemption on contraceptive drugs and devices, including condoms and birth control pills, imposing a standard 13% tax in a bid to address its persistent population decline. The move, part of broader measures to boost birth rates, follows years of falling fertility and reinforces Beijing’s prioritisation of family support policies alongside earlier childcare subsidies and pro-marriage initiatives. Officials hope that framing childbearing as socially and economically supported will stabilise demographics in the world’s most populous economy.

China accuses the US of ‘blatant interference’ after Trump claims Venezuela oil

China’s Foreign Ministry criticised the United States on Wednesday, accusing Washington of “blatant interference in Venezuela’s internal affairs” after President Donald Trump announced that up to 50 million barrels of Venezuelan oil would be transferred to the United States for sale, a move Beijing says violates Venezuela’s sovereign rights over its natural resources. China insists Caracas has “full permanent sovereignty” over its oil and called the US actions a breach of international norms, amid broader tensions over control of Venezuelan energy exports. The dispute comes as the US has also seized Venezuela-linked tankers and eased sanctions to redirect crude flows, triggering diplomatic pushback from Beijing and other global partners.

China bans some exports to Japan after PM’s Taiwan remarks

China has imposed immediate restrictions on exports of certain rare earths and other dual-use items to Japan, escalating tensions after the Japanese prime minister Sanae Takaichi warned that a Chinese invasion of Taiwan would threaten Japan’s survival. Beijing said the curbs cover goods with both civilian and military uses, including materials critical to electronics, aerospace and defence, though it did not specify individual products. The move could have significant consequences for Japan, which sourced around 63% of its rare earth imports from China in 2024.

Cambodia extradites alleged scam kingpin Chen Zhi to China

Cambodia has arrested and extradited to China tycoon Chen Zhi, accused of leading a major online scam network and wanted by US authorities on related charges. The Cambodian government said Chen, whose citizenship was revoked last month, was handed over at China’s request after a months-long investigation. US and UK officials have accused him of running a transnational fraud operation that scammed victims worldwide and exploited trafficked workers, part of a regional surge in online scam centres across Southeast Asia.

China sanctions two more Taiwanese cabinet ministers

Beijing has sanctioned Taiwan’s Interior Minister Liu Shyh-fang and Education Minister Cheng Ying-yao, adding them to its list of what it calls “stubborn Taiwan independence figures” for actions it says promote separatism. The measures bar the two ministers and their families from entering mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau, and ban companies linked to them from operating in the mainland.

New trade estimates show Venezuela exporting roughly 772,000 barrels per day (bpd) of oil to global buyers, with China and the US taking the lion’s share, a striking development amid intensifying military and diplomatic pressure.

China imported approximately 351,000 barrels per day (bpd) of Venezuelan oil in 2024, making it the largest buyer by far. The United States imported roughly 222,000 bpd, with Europe (75,000 bpd) and India (63,000 bpd) also on the list, alongside smaller volumes to Cuba and other destinations.

The United States ranking second may appear counterintuitive, given Washington’s sanctions on Venezuela’s state oil company PDVSA. However, US imports increased after the Biden administration granted licences allowing companies such as Chevron to resume limited operations and exports.

Reuters has reported that Venezuelan crude is particularly well-suited to US Gulf Coast refineries, many of which are configured to process heavy oil. As a result, shipments to the US rose sharply in 2023 and 2024 following the partial relaxation of restrictions.

But the backdrop to these trade figures has changed dramatically. In early January 2026, the United States launched large-scale military strikes on Venezuelan territory, including air operations around Caracas, and captured President Nicolás Maduro and his wife in a controversial operation conducted by U.S. forces.

The offensive , dubbed Operation Absolute Resolve, involved bombing key military sites, and Maduro and his wife were taken to the United States to face drug-related criminal charges. Venezuela and multiple international actors have condemned the action as a violation of sovereignty and international law.

In late 2025, the U.S. sanctioned four Venezuelan oil companies and four tankers accused of supporting the Maduro regime, moves designed to choke off revenue from the country’s main economic lifeline. U.S. authorities also seized sanctioned tankers at sea and conducted drone strikes at dock facilities linked with cartel activities, part of a campaign described by Washington as aimed at narcotics and terror networks.

What began as tactical responses to pressure increasingly took institutional form, as blocs such as BRICS+ and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) moved beyond political signalling to more structured cooperation.

US sanctions and rising non-Western alliances emerged as defining forces this year. 

US pressure

One of the year’s most visible sanctions flashpoints remained Venezuela. After limited relief in earlier years, the US reimposed tighter restrictions on Caracas’s oil sector as negotiations over political reforms stalled.

The measures complicated crude exports by targeting licensing, shipping and insurance channels, further constraining one of Venezuela’s few remaining sources of hard currency. Authorities in Caracas accused Washington of economic coercion, while Russia and China reiterated diplomatic support and criticised the use of unilateral sanctions.

Global South World tracked the standoff closely throughout the year, including an exclusive interview with Rollie Flynn, chief executive of the Arkin Group and a former CIA officer, who warned that the confrontation carried risks beyond counter-narcotics work.

With Western sanctions on Russia still in place and restrictions on Iran largely intact, 2025 underscored a wider reality: energy producers operating outside the US-led system increasingly faced fragmented trade rules, rerouted supply chains and parallel payment arrangements. 

For oil-importing developing economies, the impact was indirect but tangible, adding volatility to prices and procurement even when they were not direct targets.

BRICS+ rising

Against this backdrop, non-Western groupings sought to tighten coordination .

At the BRICS summit in Rio de Janeiro in July, leaders of the expanded bloc reaffirmed cooperation on development finance, trade and global governance reform. 

While the group stopped short of unveiling a common currency or alternative payment system, the summit reinforced political alignment among members that now include major energy exporters in the Middle East and Africa — significantly expanding BRICS’ economic weight and diplomatic reach.

In response, US President Donald Trump warned that countries aligning with what he described as BRICS’ “anti-American policies” could face additional tariffs, a statement that underscored how sanctions and trade pressure have become increasingly intertwined.

SCO hardening

Momentum was more institutional at the SCO summit in Tianjin in late August. The organisation adopted a Development Strategy extending to 2035 and approved new permanent centres focused on security threats, transnational crime, information security and narcotics control.

Leaders also signed the Tianjin Declaration, which explicitly opposed unilateral sanctions and protectionism — language widely interpreted as a direct response to US and European coercive measures.

Taken together, the developments highlighted a paradox of US foreign policy under Trump. While sanctions and tariffs were intended to weaken rivals, analysts say they have instead nudged competitors — and even uneasy neighbours — toward closer cooperation.

“This is a strange time when unlikely bedfellows like India and China are now overtly comfortable with each other, which was not the scene until three or four months ago,” said Dr Pooja Bhatt, director of the Jindal School of International Affairs in India, in an interview with Global South World this year .

“This shows how the U.S.’s excessive use of force — through policy and diplomacy — can push even the most unlikely countries to come together,” she said.

All things considered, the Global South does not seem to move toward a complete realignment, but rather toward steady repositioning. 

US sanctions remained powerful, particularly for countries dependent on Western finance and technology. At the same time, forums such as BRICS+ and the SCO increasingly offered diplomatic backing, coordination platforms and limited institutional alternatives.

The Communist Party of Cuba has officially convened its 11th Plenary Session of the Central Committee, marking another key moment in the island’s political calendar. This session reflects the country’s continuing effort to maintain centralised political coordination while addressing emerging national concerns. The announcement signals that the party leadership aims to evaluate ongoing national priorities and reinforce political alignment among its members. The decision to convene the 11th plenum underscores the CCP’s ongoing strategy of maintaining stable leadership structures amid evolving domestic and international conditions.

Party leadership outlines central committee agenda for the upcoming session

The 11th Plenary Session will bring together the Central Committee of the Communist Party, with the agenda reportedly focused on several internal and national issues. The explicit convening of the session indicates that party leadership intends to oversee critical aspects of governance, evaluate the political performance of institutions, and discuss the nation’s immediate priorities. This move continues a pattern in which the Central Committee meets to recalibrate strategies in response to changing socioeconomic pressures on the island.

Economic plan, hurricane damages, and “important issues” dominate PCC agenda

Among the detailed topics expected to be addressed at the plenary are Cuba’s national economic plan, the damages caused by Melissa, and other unspecified but “important issues.” This reflects the country’s need to manage multiple crises at once, economic stagnation, infrastructure challenges following natural disasters, and the broader strain on state resources. The reference to Melissa’s damages suggests a push to coordinate governmental response efforts and reinforce recovery initiatives. At the same time, highlighting “important issues” signals the party’s recognition that a wide range of political, economic, and social concerns now require attention at the highest levels of decision-making.

Government to conduct national review of its programme to correct distortions and boost the economy

A study and analysis of the Government Program will be carried out across Cuba with the intention of correcting distortions and implementing measures to boost the national economy. This initiative reflects an acknowledgement that structural problems and inefficiencies persist within the Cuban system and that a comprehensive review is necessary to stabilise conditions. The nationwide assessment indicates that authorities aim not only to diagnose the roots of the distortions but also to develop solutions that can strengthen the economic framework. This process is expected to engage officials at various administrative levels to ensure that corrections are implemented consistently across the nation.

Debate intensifies over the impact of U.S. unilateral sanctions

The question “Are the USA’s Unilateral Sanctions on Cuba a Good Thing?” reflects the ongoing debate, both domestically and internationally, about the real impact of U.S. restrictions on the island. The discussion continues to shape public discourse, as policymakers, analysts, and citizens evaluate whether the sanctions are causing undue suffering for the population, effectively pressuring the government, or creating new geopolitical tensions. By raising the issue at this moment, the roundup shows that sanctions remain central to Cuba’s economic difficulties and political narrative. The debate also highlights the growing pressure on policymakers to either negotiate relief mechanisms or adjust internal strategies to mitigate the effects of sanctions.

The summit marked the continuation of a complicated diplomatic relationship that has spanned years and several countries.

The map of their meetings tells a story of evolving political theatre. Their first face-to-face encounter took place at the G20 Summit in Hamburg, Germany, in July 2017, followed by the APEC Summit in Da Nang, Vietnam, later that year.

They met again during the Helsinki Summit in Finland in June 2018 and at the WWI Armistice centenary in Paris that November. The G20 Summit in Osaka, Japan, in June 2019 rounded out the early chapter of their encounters, before geopolitical realities and Trump’s departure from office paused direct talks.

The Anchorage Summit reignited global attention. According to CBS News , discussions focused heavily on the ongoing war in Ukraine, sanctions, and global energy prices.

However, much like their previous meetings, the summit produced more symbolism than substance, with no significant breakthroughs on ceasefire agreements or troop withdrawals. Reuters described the talks as “cordial but inconclusive.”

Now, attention is turning toward Budapest, Hungary, as the potential venue for their next meeting. Following a phone call between Trump and Putin on October 16, both sides signalled openness to further negotiations in the Hungarian capital, a move widely supported by Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán.

In remarks quoted by AP News , Orbán said Hungary was proud to serve as neutral ground, calling his country “the only place in Europe” capable of hosting such high-stakes diplomacy.

For Ukraine, the timing couldn’t be more sensitive. Just days after Trump and Putin’s call, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy visited Washington to push for advanced U.S. weapons and reaffirm support for Kyiv.

Still, expectations remain cautious. Analysts cited by AP News and The Kyiv Independent note that previous summits between the two leaders, often long on photo ops and short on policy outcomes, suggest the upcoming Budapest meeting may not deliver sweeping results either.

“We have no plan for negotiation at this stage [with the United States],” Baqaei said. “We are focused on examining the effects and consequences of the action by the three European countries and the United States. Of course, it is natural for diplomacy, in the sense of ongoing contacts and consultations, to continue. Whenever we feel that diplomacy can be fruitful, we will certainly make decisions based on the country’s interests.”

In a pointed remark aimed at Washington, Baqaei stressed that Iran will not plead for talks.

“The Islamic Republic of Iran never begs for negotiations. Negotiation is a two-way street that must be decided upon with confidence regarding its benefits. Safeguarding national security and national interests is as important as preserving national dignity,” he declared.

The comments came amid international discussions over U.S. President Donald Trump ’s proposed plan for Gaza. Baqaei voiced serious concerns about the reaction of Palestinian resistance groups to the plan, which purports to recognise the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination and to prevent continued Israeli occupation.

Iran and Russia signed a comprehensive strategic partnership treaty in Moscow on January 17, 2025, formalising deeper cooperation across political, security, and economic sectors. The agreement, signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, commits both countries to long-term collaboration in regional security and international coordination. It also emphasises joint efforts within multilateral organisations and support for a multipolar world order.

Iran prepares plan to counter possible UN sanctions snapback

Iranian government spokeswoman Fatemeh Mohajerani said that President Masoud Pezeshkian’s administration has finalised a plan to address the potential reimposition of United Nations sanctions. Speaking after a cabinet meeting, Mohajerani noted that Tehran had anticipated multiple scenarios regarding the snapback mechanism and developed measures accordingly. She added that the plan will be formally approved on Sunday.

Iran and Pakistan to deepen cooperation amid regional developments

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi and Pakistani Foreign Minister Senator Mohammad Ishaq Dar held a phone conversation on Thursday to review bilateral ties and regional issues. Both sides reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening cooperation at the bilateral level and within multilateral platforms, while emphasising the need for continued diplomatic efforts to promote peace and security in the region.

Iran calls for sanctions on Israel over alleged genocide in Gaza

Ali Bahraini, Iran’s Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the UN Office in Geneva, urged the Human Rights Council on Thursday to impose immediate and comprehensive sanctions on Israel, citing what he described as an ongoing genocide in the Gaza Strip. Speaking at the Council’s 60th session, which reviewed a report on corporate activity in Israeli settlements, Bahraini referred to the International Court of Justice advisory opinion and the findings of the UN Commission of Inquiry, both of which point to violations of Palestinian rights. He accused Western governments of complicity in Israel’s actions and stressed that states party to the Genocide Convention are obliged to prevent and punish genocide.

Iran urges UN Security Council to grant Palestine full membership

Iran’s Ambassador to the United Nations, Amir Saeid Iravani, has called on the Security Council to approve Palestine’s full membership and recognise it as a sovereign state. Addressing a General Assembly session on the use of veto power, Iravani criticised repeated U.S. vetoes of ceasefire resolutions in Gaza, saying Washington’s actions have paralysed the Council and enabled Israel to continue violations of international law. He accused Israel of decades of unlawful policies, including indiscriminate bombings, forced displacement, settlement expansion, and attacks on religious sites, describing them as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.

“Russia’s war economy is sustained by the revenues from fossil fuels. We want to cut these revenues. So we are banning imports of Russian energy into European markets. It is time to turn,” she said.

Iran has withdrawn a proposed internet censorship bill after political and public backlash. Introduced after a brief conflict with Israel, the bill aimed to penalise "false" online content but drew criticism for threatening civil liberties and expanding censorship. The move underscores tensions in Iran between national security and digital rights, with critics warning the bill's vague terms could worsen repression in one of the world’s most restrictive online environments.

Iran’s oil exports surge

Despite sanctions and military strikes, Iran’s oil exports soared in the first half of 2025, reaching nearly 1.7 million barrels per day in June, totalling over $3.6 billion in revenue, according to Tankertrackers. This marks a 30–37% increase compared to January 2025 levels, outpacing export figures at the end of the Biden administration. The rise challenges U.S. goals to curb Tehran’s oil revenue, which funds domestic repression and regional threats. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent’s pledge to cut exports to near zero remains unmet.

Iran slams US sanctions on Indian firms as ‘modern economic imperialism’

Iran's Embassy in India condemned U.S. tariffs on Indian imports and sanctions on six Indian firms trading Iranian petrochemicals, calling it “modern economic imperialism.” Tehran accused Washington of weaponising sanctions to pressure independent nations like Iran and India. The embassy urged resistance to such policies, framing it as support for a stronger Global South. Iran's foreign ministry also called the sanctions a “malicious act” against its economic development.

Iran insists on US compensation before talks

Iran reaffirmed its commitment to uranium enrichment and ruled out resuming nuclear talks unless the U.S. compensates for damages from its recent conflict with Israel, Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi told the Financial Times. Araghchi cited deep mistrust of the Trump administration and strong domestic opposition to negotiations. He reiterated Iran’s stance on a peaceful nuclear program, referencing a longstanding fatwa banning nuclear weapons, and confirmed message exchanges with U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff during and after the conflict.

Russia voices concern over threat of new strikes on Iran's nuclear facilities

Following US and Israeli airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities, Russia called for renewed dialogue to resolve the nuclear issue. Foreign ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova expressed concern over further strikes and stressed that a deal with Tehran remains possible through diplomacy. The strikes came during a 12-day Iran-Israel conflict sparked by Israel’s June 13 aerial attack. The violence, which caused casualties on both sides, ended with a ceasefire on June 24. The US joined the conflict, targeting Iranian nuclear sites on June 22.

The remarks come in the aftermath of the recent 12-day conflict between Israel and Iran, a volatile confrontation that ended with a series of high-impact Israeli and U.S.-backed strikes on Iran’s suspected nuclear sites.

Trump, during the meeting, claimed responsibility for the degradation of Iran’s nuclear capability during that conflict.

“Can you imagine the beating they took?” Trump said. “We wiped out their nuclear possibilities. They can start again. If they do, we’ll wipe it out faster than you can wave your finger at it.”

He added that Iran has been "sending very bad signals" despite suffering heavy losses. “Very nasty signals,” he emphasised. “And they shouldn’t be doing that.”

Trump’s fiery comments come as Iran resumes negotiations with the E3: the UK, France, and Germany, along with the European Union , in an attempt to revive diplomatic discussions over its nuclear programme.

Tehran, however, continues to maintain that its nuclear ambitions are strictly peaceful and focused on civilian energy development.

“We are ready to do any confidence-building measure needed to prove that Iran’s nuclear programme is peaceful and would remain peaceful forever, and Iran would never go for nuclear weapons, and in return, we expect them to  lift their sanctions ,” Iran's foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi, told Fox News last week.

What they said

Tolentino, a key ally of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr., responded defiantly, calling the sanctions a “badge of honour.” He vowed to continue defending the country’s maritime claims: “No foreign power can silence me or weaken my resolve to uphold our sovereignty,” he said in a public statement.

Iran has formally condemned reports that U.S. President Donald Trump may refer to the Persian Gulf as the "Arabian Gulf" or "Gulf of Arabia" during his visit to Arab states. Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi stated that any such move would be seen as a hostile act and would provoke strong backlash from the Iranian public. Araghchi emphasised that the name "Persian Gulf" is historically established and politically neutral, warning that efforts to change it are politically motivated and unacceptable.

Iran retains world’s lowest gasoline prices 

Iran continues to offer the world’s cheapest gasoline at IRR15,000 per litre ($0.018), according to Global Petrol Prices data released on May 8. Despite leading in low petroleum prices, the country faces economic pressure due to a sharply devalued rial and limited fiscal space. Government efforts to raise fuel prices risk triggering public unrest, as seen during past protests. Iran’s subsidised fuel costs remain less than one-third of Saudi Arabia’s rate of $0.62 per litre — the lowest among G20 nations.

Israel issues direct warning to Iran following Houthi attack

Israel’s Defence Minister, Israel Katz, issued a warning on Thursday, May 8, indicating that Iran will be held directly accountable for attacks by its regional proxies. The statement followed a recent assault on Ben Gurion Airport by Houthi rebels, a group backed by Iran. Katz stated that the proxy strategy employed by Iran is over, asserting that Iran will face the same consequences as groups such as Hezbollah in Beirut, Hamas in Gaza, and the Assad regime in Damascus. He emphasised Iran’s direct responsibility for financing and arming the Houthis, declaring that similar retaliatory measures could be taken against Tehran.

U.S. sanctions third Chinese refinery over Iranian oil purchases

The U.S. Treasury Department on Thursday imposed sanctions on China’s Hebei Xinhai Chemical Group and three companies operating a port terminal in Dongying, Shandong province. The entities were sanctioned for purchasing or facilitating the delivery of Iranian oil valued in the hundreds of millions of dollars. This marks the third Chinese independent refinery, known as a “teapot,” sanctioned by the Trump administration under its renewed “maximum pressure” campaign. The policy seeks to block Iran’s oil export revenues to influence nuclear negotiations and limit Tehran’s support for militant groups in the Middle East.

India, Iran discuss bilateral ties and security concerns

India and Iran convened the 20th Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) to review and advance bilateral cooperation . The meeting coincided with the 75th anniversary of the India-Iran Friendship Treaty. During the discussions, India informed Iran of Pakistan’s alleged involvement in the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack, which resulted in 26 civilian deaths. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs stated that both sides examined a wide range of topics, including trade, agriculture, healthcare, cultural exchange, connectivity, and people-to-people ties. Iranian Foreign Minister Dr. Abbas Araghchi, on his first visit to India since taking office in August 2024, held meetings with External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar, President Droupadi Murmu, and National Security Adviser Ajit Doval. His visit followed a prior trip to Pakistan.

According to data from the Russia Fossil Tracker, China and India are Russia’s top fossil fuel buyers. This highlights a dramatic shift in the global energy market.

In 2022, the European Union was Russia's largest fossil fuel customer, importing 928,998 units. But by March 2025, EU imports plummeted to just 104,646 as sanctions and policy shifts took hold following the invasion of Ukraine.

On the contrary, China’s imports rose from 435,025 to 607,288, and India’s from 28,907 to an astonishing 344,848, positioning both nations as key pillars of Russian energy exports.

Turkey and "Others" increased imports, while South Korea reduced its intake from 92,267 to 30,255 in March 2025. Notably, the United States and the United Kingdom seem to have completely phased out Russian fossil fuel imports this year.

Despite mounting international sanctions and global pressure, Russia ranks among the world ’s leading oil producers—often competing with Saudi Arabia for the second spot behind the United States. Following a major industry shake-up in 2021, the sector is now dominated by state-backed giants Gazprom, Rosneft, and Lukoil.

The European Union remains a major buyer amid the sanctions, too, as it accounts for over $223 billion of that revenue. In a striking data point, EU member states imported a record 837,300 metric tons of Russian liquefied natural gas (LNG) in just the first 15 days of 2025, according to Kpler data reported by POLITICO Europe.

Since Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, the country has earned an estimated $915 billion from fossil fuel exports—highlighting the global energy market’s persistent reliance on Russian oil and gas.

Public sentiment varies across different populations. ​A recent IPSOS report surveyed 23,721 adults across 33 countries, revealing the highest levels of optimism. China led with 59% of respondents expressing optimism, followed by Indonesia at 56% and India at 51%, while the global average stood at 27%.

U.S. President Donald Trump has emphasised the urgency of reaching a peace agreement between Russia and Ukraine, asserting that it needs to be finalised soon to end Europe's most devastating conflict in 80 years.

This dream is, however, on the brink of being dashed as Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy's visit to the White House on Friday, February 28 ended in an aggressive exchange with President Trump.

Zelenskyy was set to sign a mineral rights deal with Trump which will grant the U.S. a stake in Ukraine's rare earth elements, purportedly to reimburse war aid costs.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022 , has had devastating consequences. The conflict started with attacks on major cities like Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, and Sumy. As of January 2025, the United Nations had verified over 12,600 civilian deaths, with millions more displaced.

The displacement of Ukrainians has put a strain on neighbouring countries, with Poland recording the highest number of border crossings, followed by Hungary, Romania, and Russia.

The international community has taken economic measures against Russia, with the U.S., European Union, UK, and allied nations imposing financial and trade sanctions. These sanctions target Russia's financial sector, government-affiliated individuals, and high-tech exports, aiming to cripple the country's ability to wage war.

Throughout the conflict, the U.S. Department of Defence has played a significant role in supporting Ukraine, providing over $66.5 billion in security assistance since the start of the Biden administration.

Dady Djamba, a member of the Congolese Community of Washington Metropolitan group, stated, "We came here to warn the embassy, to tell them that what they are doing is not right. This aggression must end," he told the AFP.

Maya Ford, a student from New York who lived in Congo for two years, emphasised the need for global attention. "Congo deserves better. It deserves a voice. This conflict has been ignored for too long, and we need to make sure Congo’s needs are heard," she said.

The protest comes as M23 fighters and Rwandan troops threaten another key town in eastern DRC, having already seized Goma and advanced into South Kivu province. The ongoing conflict has claimed thousands of lives and displaced many, with armed groups taking control of mineral-rich areas.

In response, the United Nations Human Rights Council has announced an investigation into alleged violations and abuses during the violence.

His tenure, which began in 1994, has been marked by a combination of political manoeuvring, economic control, and strategic alliances.

Lukashenko's rise to power began with his election as Belarus's first president in 1994, gaining 80.1% of the total votes.

Initially campaigning as an anti-corruption crusader, he quickly moved to consolidate his authority. Through a series of constitutional changes, he granted himself extensive powers, including the ability to dissolve parliament and control the judiciary.

These changes effectively eliminated any real political competition and ensured his dominance over the Belarusian political landscape.

Additionally, elections in Belarus under Lukashenko have been repeatedly criticized for being neither free nor fair. The electoral process is tightly controlled, with opposition candidates often barred from running, imprisoned, or forced into exile.

The most recent election, which extended his rule into a seventh term , was widely condemned by international observers as a sham.

Official results claimed Lukashenko won 87.6% of the vote, a figure that opposition leaders and many Belarusians dispute.

Beyond the issues of repression of dissent and economic control, Lukashenko's relationship with Russia has been a cornerstone of his long rule. Despite occasional tensions, he has relied on Russian political and economic support to bolster his regime.

In return, Belarus has provided strategic benefits to Russia, such as allowing its territory to be used for military operations. This alliance has helped Lukashenko weather international sanctions and diplomatic isolation.

The EU also pledged support for Moldova, which faces growing energy challenges due to Russia’s actions.

Conversely, the Union is easing sanctions on Syria, prompted by the country's leadership change after the ouster of Bashar al-Assad. This adjustment includes enhancing humanitarian aid to aid in Syria’s economic recovery. Kaja Kallas, the EU’s foreign policy chief, stated , “This could give a boost to the Syrian economy and help the country get back on its feet.”

The foreign ministers addressed several significant issues, including the ceasefire in Gaza, the situation in Iran, and the conflicts in eastern Congo.

They also discussed the changing dynamics with the new administration in the United States, focusing on the need for European unity in response to a more transactional American approach. Kallas remarked, “We are stronger when we are united — that was a view that everybody shared.”

During a recent interaction with AFP, Grandi highlighted the dire situation faced by millions of Syrians who are struggling to rebuild their lives after years of conflict.

But if sanctions are lifted, this will improve the conditions in the places also where people return. It will be an additional factor to encourage people to return. Why? It's simple. Because to invest in services, in infrastructure, to invest in the economy, to create jobs, sanctions make it impossible. Sanctions were created for another situation. So they have to be reviewed and hopefully lifted," he stated.

The call for sanctions relief comes from recent political changes in Syria. In December 2024, Islamist-led rebels succeeded in toppling the long-standing regime of Bashar al-Assad. The new Syrian leadership, represented by Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani, has sought international support to rebuild the war-torn nation.

The U.S. government has imposed stricter sanctions on Russian oil producers and vessels, targeting companies like Gazprom Neft and Surgutneftegas, along with 183 ships involved in transporting Russian oil. This move aims to cut off funding for Russia's war in Ukraine and is expected to significantly reduce Russia's crude oil supply to its major customers, China and India, US News reports. As a result, both countries will likely turn to alternative sources for oil, mainly from the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas, which will increase oil prices and freight costs. Notably, the newly sanctioned vessels previously transported about 530 million barrels of Russian crude, predominantly to China and India. The sanctions may also affect the pricing of Russian oil, leading to discounts below $60 per barrel to utilise Western insurance.

India to showcase vision for AI, sustainability, and global leadership at WEF 2025

India will showcase its vision for artificial intelligence (AI), sustainability, and global leadership at the 55th World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting in Davos from January 20-24, 2025. The theme "Collaboration for the Intelligent Age" aligns with India's focus on technology, renewable energy, and global partnerships. According to India News Network , the delegation, led by Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw and representatives from six states, will participate in discussions on economic transformation, innovation, skill development, and sustainability. Key sessions will address sustainable investment opportunities in AI, infrastructure development, global partnerships, and India's role as a hub for chemical manufacturing.

India calls on Bangladesh to implement existing border management understandings

India urged Bangladesh to implement existing border management agreements and adopt a cooperative approach to address escalating tensions along their international boundary. As reported by Hindustan Times , Indian High Commissioner Pranay Verma conveyed this message during a meeting with Bangladesh’s Foreign Secretary Mohammad Jashim Uddin in Dhaka. Recent tensions arose after the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) acted against Bangladeshi smugglers, leading to claims of unauthorised fencing by India, which Dhaka contends violates bilateral agreements. Uddin expressed concern over BSF's actions, including the unauthorised construction of barbed wire and incidents of border killings, urging dialogue to resolve issues peacefully.

Air India aims to double international transit traffic in three years

Air India aims to double its international transit traffic, currently at 10% of its total, within three years, according to Chief Commercial Officer Nipun Aggarwal. Currently, less than 1% of transit traffic over India is handled in Delhi, which presents significant growth potential. The airline plans to enhance its connectivity to Southeast Asia and establish stronger ties in the Europe-Australia corridor. Aggarwal expects the share of international-to-international (I2I) traffic to rise to 15-20% in three years. Air India's revenue from premium cabins has increased significantly, leading to plans for more front cabin seats on widebody planes. The airline does not currently seek to wet lease planes, favouring dry leasing instead, and remains focused on strengthening its hubs in India to capture more international traffic, Business Standard reports.

India ready for Maha Kumbh Mela, world's largest religious gathering

India is preparing to host the Maha Kumbh Mela, the world's largest religious gathering, in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, from January 13 to February 26. Over 400 million pilgrims are expected to participate in rituals, prayers, and holy baths at the confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and mythical Saraswati rivers. The festival, rooted in Hindu mythology, occurs every 12 years and is considered more auspicious in its "maha" form, attracting the largest crowds. Key rituals include daily sacred bathing, especially on auspicious days like January 29 (Mauni Amavasya) and the culmination on February 26 (Maha Shivaratri). Preparations for the event are massive, including the creation of a temporary city with 150,000 tents, extensive amenities, and special transportation via 98 extra trains. Security is a priority, with 40,000 police personnel and advanced AI surveillance systems deployed, supported by a budget of 64 billion rupees ($765 million), NDTV World reports.

Angolan President Joao Lourenco will visit Oman on December 19, 2024, to enhance bilateral relations across various sectors. Key discussions will also cover cultural and educational ties, with potential agreements for scholarship exchanges and improved maritime connectivity to facilitate trade and tourism, Muscat Daily reports. Trade between Oman and Angola saw a significant increase, with exchanges reaching approximately RO3.2 million ($669,584) at the end of 2023, a 145.1% rise from the previous year.

Frontier licensing round in early 2025

Angola plans to launch a frontier licensing round in early 2025, as reported by Energy Explored . The initiative aims to attract investment in the oil and gas sector while also addressing the industry's transition towards cleaner energy sources like the lightly explored Kwanza and Benguela basins.

Isabel dos Santos hits out over UK's 'dirty money' sanctions

Isabel dos Santos, once Africa's richest woman, has criticised the UK for imposing sanctions on her due to allegations of corruption, claiming she has not been found guilty of any crime. The UK government labelled her a "notorious kleptocrat" and enforced an asset freeze and travel ban based on accusations that she embezzled at least £350 million from Angola. According to the BBC , Dos Santos asserts that the actions against her are politically motivated and lack due process, emphasising that she has been targeted as part of an anti-corruption drive by Angola's current leadership, which she accuses of betraying her father's legacy.

Angola cables propel West Africa’s digital transformation

Angola Cables is driving digital transformation in West Africa through its subsidiary, TelCables Nigeria, by establishing a new point of presence (PoP) at the Lagos Rack Centre. This expansion is designed to enhance digital connectivity and provide faster internet access for various sectors in the region. With an extensive submarine cable network and partnerships extending globally, TelCables aims to improve IT solutions since entering the market in November 2022, reports Tech In Africa .

Shell eyes Angola re-entry after 20-year absence

Shell is considering re-entering the Angolan oil market after a 20-year absence. This potential move highlights the company's ongoing interest in significant oil and gas projects, as well as its efforts to transition towards cleaner energy sources amid the evolving dynamics of the global energy industry, Upstream reports.

On December 18, 2024, the rulers of the Emirates congratulated Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar, on the occasion of Qatar's National Day. The Supreme Council Members and various leaders from the UAE sent separate congratulatory messages, reflecting the strong ties between the two nations, which are rooted in shared history and cultural connections.

Lukashenko visit to UAE

Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko is on a working visit to the United Arab Emirates, focusing on trade, economic, investment, and humanitarian cooperation. The visit includes several meetings and negotiations to enhance mutual interests.

Irish Ambassador in UAE

Ajman Crown Prince H.H. Sheikh Ammar bin Humaid Al Nuaimi welcomed Irish Ambassador Alison Milton at the Emiri Court on December 18, 2024. They discussed enhancing bilateral cooperation between the UAE and Ireland across various sectors. The Ambassador expressed gratitude for the warm reception and praised the development of Ajman and the UAE. The meeting was attended by several sheikhs and senior officials.

U.S. sanctions

The U.S. has sanctioned two UAE-based Chinese nationals, Lu Huaying and Zhang Jian, along with their front company, for laundering stolen cryptocurrency linked to North Korean cybercriminals. This operation was aimed at funding North Korea's weapons programs and involved converting the cryptocurrency into cash for Sim Hyon Sop, a previously sanctioned North Korean banking representative, according to the Treasury Department.

Strongest passport

For the fourth consecutive year, the UAE has been ranked as the world's strongest passport, achieving a total score of 180, which allows access to over 90% of countries. Emirati passport holders can enter 133 countries visa-free and obtain visas on arrival in 47 countries. Spain follows in second place with a score of 179, while Finland ranks third. The UK and US experienced declines, ranking 32nd and 38th, respectively. Among GCC nations, Qatar ranks 95th, Kuwait 96th, and Saudi Arabia 100th.

Pakistan is strengthening trade ties with Uzbekistan as part of its broader investment strategy in Central Asia. Recently, officials from both nations discussed enhancing business opportunities, following a $1 billion trade agreement signed in February 2023. The Pakistani Federal Minister for Commerce, Jam Kamal Khan, praised Uzbekistan's infrastructure, particularly its railway system, and highlighted the potential for collaboration in religious tourism, agriculture, food, and pharmaceuticals. Recent direct flights between the two countries have shown promise, and Khan proposed partnerships with local airlines and plans for a business forum during an upcoming official visit.

US sanctions

The US Department of the Treasury has sanctioned three former officials in Uzbekistan for severe human rights violations , specifically sexual crimes against girls at a state-run orphanage. The sanctions, announced on December 2, include Yulduz Khudaiberganova, the orphanage's former director, and two officials, Aybek Masharipov and Anvar Kuryazov, who are accused of human trafficking and gender-based violence. These individuals were implicated in abusing orphaned girls through coercion and exploitation, with Khudaiberganova forcing minors into sexual acts.

Mining

Uzbekistan has announced plans to enhance its mining and metallurgical industries by 2025, aiming to modernize infrastructure, boost production, and attract foreign investments. Further details on specific initiatives or investments have not been disclosed.

Bilateral trade

Uzbekistan and Russia have set a strategic goal to boost bilateral trade to $30 billion from 2024 to 2030. During a working group meeting, Uzbekistan's Minister of Investments, Industry, and Trade, Laziz Kudratov, discussed measures to enhance cooperation in trade, industry, energy, transportation, and agriculture. The next Intergovernmental Commission session will be held in Moscow later this year. Notably, trade between the two countries has increased by 20%, reaching $9.7 billion in the first ten months of 2023, with 68 new products added to Uzbekistan's exports.

Irrigation projects

Uzbekistan's president has approved major irrigation projects in collaboration with Chinese firms to enhance water supply and support sustainable agriculture in Bukhara, Namangan, Surkhandarya, and Kashkadarya regions. The projects, costing $160 million and $60 million respectively, will be financed through a loan from China's Export-Import Bank. Leading Chinese companies CITIC Construction and China CAMC Engineering will oversee the reconstruction efforts, which are set to begin in 2025. The government has allocated $9.3 million from local budgets as advance payments, with further budget adjustments to follow. These initiatives aim to improve irrigation efficiency and address sustainable water management in Uzbekistan’s agricultural sector.

The "Liberator Simon Bolivar Act" also imposes fines of $100,000 to $1 million on offenders. 

Under this new law, politicians found guilty could be banned from public office for up to 60 years and media outlets accused of supporting sanctions content may risk losing their licenses.

President Maduro called the law necessary to counter what he described as the "treacherous attitude" of Venezuelans who support foreign pressure. 

He said it was aimed at those who have become "lackeys" of foreign governments, local media reports.

The law is seen as Venezuela's response to new U.S. sanctions targeting Maduro's administration. 

The United States and its allies, including the G7 nations, have recognised opposition leader Edmundo González Urrutia as the winner of Venezuela’s disputed July elections despite Maduro being declared by the Electoral Commission.

The introduction of the new law follows mass protests over the election, where 28 people died, and thousands were detained. 

Maduro denies the allegations of fraud and insists he won a third term in office.

National Assembly President Jorge Rodriguez described the law as a defence mechanism against foreign intervention. "This is an act of overthrowing an empire that represents an extreme danger," he declared during the session, the AFP reports.

The law also targets individuals who support or participate in armed actions against the country. Critics argue it further erodes freedom of expression and political opposition in the crisis-hit nation.

The new law comes in the wake of the U.S. House of Representatives passing the BOLIVAR Act on November 19, which seeks to bar federal agencies from engaging with the Maduro regime. While the U.S. bill has yet to pass the Senate or receive President Joe Biden’s signature, it has sparked outrage in Caracas, with officials labelling it a violation of the United Nations Charter.

The Maduro government sees the "Liberator Simon Bolivar Act" as a countermeasure to international efforts it claims to undermine Venezuela’s sovereignty.

Uzbekistan and China are reinforcing their diplomatic and economic relations through various initiatives, including the liberalisation of visa regimes and enhanced consular cooperation. On November 24, 2024, high-level discussions in Beijing aimed to simplify these visa processes while ensuring the rights of citizens are upheld. A multifaceted approach was adopted, addressing critical areas such as tourism, entrepreneurship, and investment opportunities. Uzbekistan's government is undertaking substantial reforms to facilitate travel, which has garnered recognition and support from Chinese officials, Daryo reports.

Car production boost

Uzbekistan's automotive sector is experiencing impressive growth, with vehicle production reaching 338,000 units and export revenues hitting $455 million from January to October 2024. The country has set ambitious targets to escalate production to 450,000 vehicles and boost export income to $700 million by 2025. This sector is now contributing 10% to the nation's industrial output and is expanding through 63 newly initiated projects valued at $325 million, aimed at manufacturing additional automotive components. Collaborations with international brands, notably Chevrolet, as well as manufacturers from South Korea and China, are pivotal to this sector's growth. According to The Times of Central Asia, a significant development is the new BYD electric vehicle plant located in Jizzakh, which is currently producing 50,000 electric vehicles annually, with aspirations to extend its capacity up to 500,000 vehicles per year.

Population growth

As of November 27, 2024, Uzbekistan's population has surpassed 37.5 million, now recorded at 37,504,338. This demographic growth will undoubtedly influence the country's economic planning and development initiatives, as a larger population can lead to increased demand for goods and services, reports Akipress .

Raising GDP to $200bn

President Shavkat Mirziyoyev has set forth a strategic goal to elevate Uzbekistan's GDP to $200 billion by the year 2030. Ongoing reforms in the railway and aviation sectors reflect this ambition, with significant enhancements aimed at improving economic efficiency and transportation services. As reported by Daryo , the establishment of six independent enterprises within the railway sector and the introduction of new cargo wagons have dramatically reduced domestic transport times. Furthermore, digitalisation initiatives have streamlined cargo ordering processes, resulting in significant reductions in processing times.

UnionPay cards of Gazprombank stopped

UnionPay cards issued by Gazprombank have been suspended in Uzbekistan due to recent U.S. Treasury sanctions on the bank and other Russian financial institutions. These sanctions have disrupted UnionPay card services, impacting users' access to cash and payments. According to Daryo , this marks the first time Gazprombank's core activities have been directly affected by sanctions, previously targeting only high-ranking officials. The sanctions aim to limit Russia's financial activities, particularly in energy exports, amid ongoing geopolitical tensions.

"It's true that the... I'd say the scenery has changed a lot. The old consensus around the agreement, the famous JCPOA has disappeared. It no longer exists. It's an empty shell. So we need to see whether we are moving towards a new type of agreement or unilaterally, what type of arrangement and dynamic we could set in motion or help to set in motion," he said

The JCPOA, established in 2015, was a landmark agreement aimed at curbing Iran's nuclear capabilities in exchange for the lifting of economic sanctions.

The deal was negotiated by Iran and the P5+1 group, which includes the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, and Germany, along with the European Union.

However, the deal has faced significant challenges, particularly after the United States' withdrawal in 2018 under Donald Trump.

Since the U.S. exit, Iran has progressively reduced its compliance with the deal's terms, leading to an increase in its enriched uranium stockpile far beyond the limits set by the JCPOA.

The IAEA has reported difficulties in verifying Iran's nuclear activities, further complicating the situation.

Recent diplomatic efforts have been underscored by Syria and Belarus, as they seek to strengthen their parliamentary ties. Key discussions between Syrian Foreign Minister Bassam Sabbagh and Belarusian Parliamentary Chairman Natalia Kochanova revolve around the importance of parliamentary diplomacy. As reported by SANA , they highlighted a robust partnership in addressing mutual challenges like external interference and unilateral sanctions, showcasing a commitment to broader collaboration across political, economic, and humanitarian sectors.

Issues of border crossings

The strategic importance of the over 130 land border crossings between Syria and Lebanon has been brought to light. Primarily serving Hezbollah's operational needs and smuggling activities, these crossings include six official outlets. However, numerous unauthorised crossings operate beyond regulatory oversight, particularly in the Bekaa Valley. Recent Israeli military actions have focused on curtailing arms smuggling through targeted operations at various crossings, notably Al-Masnaa, Jusiyah, and Matraba. The necessity for disrupting the Iranian arms corridor and ensuring international supervision has become apparent, with Syrian military security and Hezbollah's Unit 4400 collaborating closely on smuggling activities, Alma reports.

Human rights abuse

On the humanitarian front, a warning from Human Rights Watch indicates the peril faced by Syrians returning from Lebanon amid the escalating Israel-Hezbollah conflict. Since late September, over half a million people have crossed back into Syria, accompanied by reports of arbitrary detention and abuse upon return, exacerbating the already dire situation for many refugees. The sole operational border crossing has been compromised by Israeli airstrikes, further complicating escape routes and safety measures for returnees, reports Khaleej Times .

US Sanctions

Syria's UN Ambassador Qusay Al-Dahhak has called for an urgent lifting of coercive economic measures imposed by the U.S. and EU on multiple nations, including Syria and Cuba. Stating these measures as violations of international law, Al-Dahhak reaffirmed Syria's support for Cuba against the U.S. blockade and reiterated the nation's commitment to UN resolutions advocating for the cessation of such sanctions, reports SANA .

US airstrikes kill ISIS operatives

U.S. airstrikes targeting ISIS camps in Syria have reportedly resulted in the deaths of up to 35 ISIS operatives, according to U.S. Central Command. CBS News highlights that this action follows joint operations with Iraqi forces against the Islamic State, which, although still posing a threat, is deemed less powerful than in previous years. CENTCOM asserted that the strikes aim to disrupt ISIS's capabilities in planning attacks, with assurances of no civilian casualties reported during these operations.

The African Union and Southern African Development Community (SADC) have called for the unconditional lifting of US sanctions on Zimbabwe, citing their detrimental impact on the country's socio-economic development. Zimbabwe’s President Emmerson Mnangagwa emphasised that these sanctions undermine regional integration and harm ordinary Zimbabweans. Anti-Sanctions Day was observed with protests outside the US Embassy in Harare, where demonstrators blamed the sanctions for economic hardships. However, the U.S. Embassy rejected this assertion, attributing Zimbabwe’s economic crisis to government corruption and mismanagement, stating that sanctions target only a few individuals and companies, not the general population.

IMF warns ZiG cannot solve Zimbabwe’s economic crisis

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) warns that Zimbabwe’s new gold-backed currency, the ZiG, cannot resolve the country’s deeper economic issues. IMF Africa Director Abebe Selassie emphasised that exchange rate problems often stem from inflation, not the other way around. Despite intentions to stabilise the economy, the ZiG has lost value, leading to a 43% devaluation last month. On the official market, the ZiG is valued at 27.68 per dollar, but the unofficial rate ranges from 40 to 50. Zimbabwe's monthly inflation surged to 37.2% in October, highlighting ongoing economic instability tied to a lack of confidence in monetary and fiscal policies.

Pressure mounted on President Mnangagwa to release jailed activists

Zimbabweans in the UK protested at the Zimbabwean Embassy, demanding the release of jailed opposition activists from the Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC) and other human rights violations. The demonstration, organised by CCC UK and the Zimbabwe Human Rights Organisation (ZHRO), led to a petition submitted to British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, urging him to pressure President Emmerson Mnangagwa’s government for their release. Over 100 activists were reportedly arrested before the Southern African Development Community (SADC) summit, with many still imprisoned. The petition calls for an end to the crackdown on opposition members, accountability for human rights violations, and support for a diaspora vote for the estimated six million Zimbabweans living abroad who are currently denied voting rights.

$16.3 billion in diaspora remittances in the last decade

Zimbabwe has received $16.3 billion in diaspora remittances over the past decade, largely from over three million Zimbabweans living abroad. These remittances are essential for supporting families amid economic challenges and contribute significantly to the national economy. Public Service Minister July Moyo noted that most remittances come from South Africa (47%), followed by the UK (23%), the US (11%), and others. He emphasised the need for improved labour protections, citing violations in sectors like mining, and called for a stronger social protection system to assist vulnerable populations. Moyo highlighted the importance of timely funding from the Treasury to ensure the effectiveness of social programmes.

Botswana opposition protest at Zimbabwe Embassy over alleged election interference

Hundreds of supporters from Botswana’s opposition coalition, the Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC), protested outside the Zimbabwean embassy in Gaborone, demanding Zimbabwe refrain from interfering in Botswana's upcoming general elections on October 30. Led by UDC President Duma Boko, demonstrators voiced concerns about potential external influence affecting the electoral process. The protest followed allegations of Zimbabwean officials potentially trying to influence the election, though no specific evidence has been provided. In response, a Zimbabwean government spokesperson denied any interference, citing respect for Botswana's sovereignty. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has offered to send observers to ensure a fair electoral process. The situation has sparked a wider discussion in Botswana about electoral integrity and democratic rights, with calls for vigilance among citizens as the elections approach.

Uganda's foreign exchange reserves have experienced a notable decline of 4.3% over the past three months, concluding July with a total of $3.3 billion. This amount is sufficient to cover approximately three months of imports, a decrease from $3.5 billion recorded in April. The decrease has been attributed to several factors, including increased external debt payments, challenges in securing affordable external loans, and limited foreign exchange purchases. In response to these economic challenges, the Bank of Uganda is actively purchasing gold to diversify its reserves, Zawya reports.

Funding for hydropower plan

Uganda is taking proactive measures to address its rising energy demands by seeking funding for the construction of three new hydropower plants. These projects—comprising the 840 MW Ayago, 400 MW Kiba, and 392 MW Oriang—are anticipated to add over 1,600 MW of capacity, resulting in an 80% increase in the nation’s total power capacity, which will reach 3,678 MW. This initiative is underscored by an annual power demand growth rate of 10%, as reported by energy official Wamala Julius Namusanga. Currently, hydropower accounts for nearly 85% of Uganda's electricity supply, with the commissioning of its largest plant—a 600 MW facility funded by China, reports Zawya .

UBA Uganda rejects management crisis rumours

UBA Uganda has firmly denied accusations of a management crisis, affirming that Chioma A. Mang, the current Managing Director, is set to assume expanded responsibilities within the UBA Group effective from October 1, 2024. According to The Independent , plans to announce a new Managing Director are underway, with the bank underscoring a commitment to corporate governance and clarifying that the leadership transition is part of a strategic development plan rather than indicative of any issues within the work environment. Established in 2008, UBA Uganda has successfully expanded its operations nationally.

Fresh US sanctions

In a significant move, the U.S. has imposed sanctions on four Ugandan police officers—Bob Kagarura, Alex Mwine, Elly Womanya, and Hamdani Twesigye—prohibiting their travel to the U.S. This action is a direct response to their involvement in grave human rights violations, including acts of torture. The sanctions derive from credible civil court reports and data provided by human rights organisations, highlighting the U.S. commitment to upholding human rights standards in Uganda, adds the Monitor .

Calls to decriminalise homosexuality

The Uganda Human Rights Commission has made a compelling call for the decriminalisation of homosexuality, stressing the unjust punishments that arise from such criminalisation, particularly affecting vulnerable groups. This request follows the controversial enactment of the Anti-Homosexuality Act, which is currently under appeal and was signed into law by President Yoweri Museveni in May 2023. As reported by Watermark , commission chair Mariam Wangadya stressed the necessity for universal human rights protection in Uganda, free from discrimination. In a gathering with rights organisations, Wangadya acknowledged the critical issues confronting LGBTQ and intersex communities, highlighting the government's failure to recognise intersex individuals as a protected minority group.

Violent protests erupted in Quetta, Pakistan, as demonstrators attacked the Kharotabad police station with a grenade, demanding the release of a blasphemy suspect. The unrest, involving supporters of Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP), resulted in clashes with police and traffic disruptions. The grenade exploded outside the station without causing injuries. According to ANI , blasphemy laws in Pakistan, which criminalise acts deemed insulting to Islam, have historically incited violent protests, as seen in high-profile cases like the acquittal of Asia Bibi and the assassination of Punjab Governor Salman Taseer. Critics argue these laws disproportionately target religious minorities and perpetuate a climate of fear and intolerance.

Opposition lawmakers detained

Multiple opposition lawmakers in Pakistan, primarily from Imran Khan's Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), have been detained and charged with terrorism offences following a large rally demanding Khan's release. The rally, held on the outskirts of Islamabad, attracted thousands and led to clashes with police. The PTI plans to stage a major protest against what they describe as an unjust military-backed crackdown, reports NHK World .

Probe into political arrests

Senator Irfan Siddiqui criticised recent arrests of parliament members, calling for an investigation during a Senate session. He condemned the incidents, stating they tarnished parliament's reputation, and questioned why his own 2019 arrest went unchallenged. He denounced the previous PTI government for targeting opposition leaders and dismissed violent protest methods, asserting that meaningful change cannot come from destruction. Siddiqui urged accountability for the current unrest and emphasised parliament's resilience in overcoming challenges, Dunya reported.

Instability

Former US diplomat Zalmay Khalilzad has raised alarms about increasing instability in Pakistan, pointing to a rise in terrorism, military interference in politics, and widespread public protests. He criticized the army chief, General Asim Munir, for his role in escalating internal violence and noted that ISIS is reportedly establishing bases in Balochistan. Khalilzad also highlighted Pakistan's worsening economic situation, heavily reliant on International Monetary Fund (IMF) rescue packages. As reported by ANI , amidst these issues, residents of Karachi are facing severe shortages of water and electricity, leading to protests over high bills and power outages. Overall, the situation in Pakistan appears increasingly precarious, with significant implications for both security and economic stability.

US sanctions

The US State Department has imposed sanctions on a Chinese research institute and several companies for their involvement in supplying Pakistan's ballistic missile program. This includes the Beijing Research Institute of Automation for Machine Building Industry, which reportedly procured equipment for testing rocket motors for the Shaheen-3 and Ababeel systems. Additional targets are three China-based firms and a Pakistan-based company for violating missile technology restrictions, reports India TV News . The US emphasized its commitment to combat proliferation activities. Responses from China and Pakistan’s embassies were not immediately available.

The Nicaraguan government is undertaking an extensive campaign to suppress dissent by revoking the legal status of 1,500 nonprofit organisations, primarily targeting evangelical churches that do not align with the authoritarian regime. This move forms part of a broader strategy to control civil society and eliminate opposition, AAS reports.

VP Rosario Murillo supports RT amid US sanctions

Vice President Rosario Murillo voiced her support for Margarita Simonyan of RT following the US sanctions imposed on prominent Russian media figures, accusing them of orchestrating a disinformation campaign that aims to impact the upcoming US elections. According to Intellinews , in her communication, Murillo reframed these sanctions as an acknowledgement of their work in promoting “Justice, Truth, Peace, and Love,” thereby attempting to portray the punitive measures as politically motivated rather than justified. Despite facing bans in other regions, RT has expanded its influence within Latin America, forming strategic partnerships with nations like Nicaragua. However, this growth occurs amidst escalating repression of independent journalism, resulting in the flight of many Nicaraguan journalists, which further strengthens the Ortega regime's grip over media representation.

Dissolution of Episcopal Diocese of Nicaragua

In a continuation of the regime's crackdown on religious institutions, the Nicaraguan government announced the dissolution of the Episcopal Diocese of Nicaragua along with the confiscation of its assets. This announcement follows the cancellation of legal status for over 5,500 civil society organisations since 2018, including numerous religious entities. The Episcopal Diocese, established in 1742, has historically provided educational and social support services. The repressive actions have drawn criticism from various organisations, notably Christian Solidarity Worldwide, which highlights concerns regarding the ramifications for community services and religious freedoms, reports Anglican Ink .

135 political prisoners released

The plight of 135 Nicaraguans, exiled to Guatemala after enduring brutal incarceration under the Ortega-Murillo rule, illustrates the regime's oppressive practices. Former prisoners recounted experiences of both physical and psychological torture, substandard living conditions, and threats directed at their families. Notably, Jose Enrique Sanchez detailed his 17-month ordeal in La Modelo prison, characterised by violence and intimidation, while others, such as Jared Ramirez and Oscar Parrilla, corroborated stories of severe mistreatment and mental strain during their captivity. Exiled individuals like Adriana Zapata and Isaias Ruiz reflected on the ongoing effects of their traumatic experiences and the lack of basic rights during detention while expressing understandable concerns for the safety of their loved ones remaining in Nicaragua. The narrative highlights not only the immediate consequences of state violence but also the enduring psychological toll on those who escape its grasp as reported by Confidencial .

New foreign minister

In a significant political reshuffle, Valdrack Jaentschke has been appointed as Nicaragua's new Foreign Minister, taking over from Denis Moncada, who is vacating the position due to health issues but will continue to serve as a presidential advisor on international affairs. Havana Times reports that Jaentschke's previous experience includes key diplomatic roles, thus continuing the pattern of loyalty within the Ortega administration, as this marks the third recent change in the position since 2007.

Attorney General Merrick Garland said the jet was bought for $13 million through a shell company and illegally exported to Venezuela. Maduro and his officials have used the plane and have frequently travelled to a military base in Venezuela since May.

Flight Radar 24 tracked the plane’s journey from Santo Domingo to Fort Lauderdale. The U.S. claims that in late 2022 and early 2023, people connected to Maduro used a shell company in the Caribbean to conceal their involvement in the jet’s illegal purchase.

The seizure comes amid unrest in Venezuela following the controversial July 28 presidential election. Maduro was declared the winner, but the election results are disputed, with widespread protests leading to at least 27 deaths and over 192 injuries.

The United States and the United Kingdom have imposed sanctions on Ugandan government officials, including the Speaker of Parliament, Anita Among over allegations of corruption and human rights violations. The government is conducting its investigations into the allegations and maintains that its relationships with the UK and US remain strong. Corruption and impunity are acknowledged as major challenges in Uganda, with significant economic losses attributed to corruption, The East African reports.

Competition laws

Kenya's competition watchdog aims to auction off properties of companies found in violation of competition laws and facing fines. This could impact Ugandan businesses with Kenyan subsidiaries, as well as those with parent companies in Kenya. The Competition Authority of Kenya is considering new amendments to enforce compliance and collect fines. The base fine for violations is 10% of annual turnover, with fines totalling $118,143 in 2023, according to the Monitor . The Authority is seeking feedback on the draft Competition (Amendment) Bill, 2024 and plans to hold a forum in June. Uganda recently established its first national competition law, the Competition Act, 2023.

Pork joint ban

The UK has imposed sanctions on Ugandan pork joint owners, targeting them for their role in creating bad leadership in the country. The sanctions include travel bans and asset freezes, with the UK citing corruption and the negative impact of excessive pork consumption. According to the Monitor , this is the first time the UK has used sanctions on pork joint owners in Uganda, and it follows previous sanctions on individuals involved in similar activities globally. The move has sparked criticism from the affected pork joint owners in Kampala, who see it as neo-colonial politics. In retaliation, some pork joint owners are considering burning down their joints.

Meritocratic principles

The Patriotic League of Uganda (PLU) is aiming to implement meritocratic principles in the current leadership structure to fight corruption and lead the nation to economic prosperity. They are attracting support from moderates and are focused on bringing in skilled leaders to make necessary reforms. The PLU needs to appeal to more moderates but is confident in its ability to lead the country in the future, the Monitor reports

Officials against UK-USA sanctions

The United States has sanctioned Ugandan public officials, including Speaker of Parliament Anita Among and military leaders, for corruption and human rights violations. The UK had previously announced similar sanctions. However, according to the ICT and National Guidance minister, Chris Baryomunsi, the recent sanctions slapped on Ugandan officials are irregular and uncalled for. “It’s not the UK or the US to fight corruption for us. As a government, we do fight corruption But also, we don`t act by impulse, because social media or the media has reported it. We investigate, we adduce evidence, and we take actions, so which evidence does the US government or the UK government have,’’ Baryomunsi said in an interview with Monitor .

What they said

Department of State spokesperson, Matthew Miller was quoted as saying, “All four officials abused their public positions for their benefit at the expense of Ugandans.

Qatar and Nicaragua recently held political consultations in the Latin nation's capital Managua, resulting in a Memorandum of Understanding to launch political consultations between their foreign ministries. The meeting, chaired by Qatar's Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Nicaragua's Minister of Foreign Affairs, focused on bilateral cooperation and ways to enhance relations. Additionally, an agreement was made to exempt nationals from visa requirements, Qatar News Agency reports.

Confiscated assets of bankers

Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega has accused bankers of being "accomplices" to individuals, media outlets, and organisations whose assets were confiscated by his regime. President Ortega justifies the confiscations as seizures for the benefit of the poor and claims that the confiscated wealth was involved in money laundering, according to local media Confidencial . The Attorney General's Office also justifies the confiscations, claiming that the properties were unduly used and recovered for the people of Nicaragua. The report estimates the value of confiscated assets to be at least $250 million, and the regime has confiscated companies, homes, properties, media outlets, NGOs, universities, chambers of commerce, and churches.

Over 140 political prisoners

Nicaragua currently has over 140 political prisoners, including a teacher, a journalist, and their siblings who were kidnapped by the National Police. This is part of a systematic policy of repression by the Ortega-Murillo regime to silence critical voices. According to the Havana Times , the prisoners are subjected to mistreatment and violations of their rights, including beatings, threats, and humiliation. The list of political prisoners includes activists, students, and deputies, Havana Times reports.

Rejection of blockade and aggressions against Cuba

Nicaragua has rejected the U.S. blockade against Cuba and condemns the inclusion of countries in unilateral lists, according to TeleSur . The Latin nation defended Cuba's sovereignty and demanded the exclusion of Cuba from the list of state sponsors of terrorism. "These lists and the inclusion of the sister Republic of Cuba in them are a more widely used instrument by the United States to justify the adoption of illegal, coercive measures in order to exert economic and political pressure, in a clear violation of the sovereignty of the Cuban State," a statement released by the Nicaraguan government said. They also support UN resolutions to end the aggression against Cuba, TeleSur reports.

Russian training Centre, gold mining companies sanctioned by U.S.

The US has sanctioned a Russian training centre and two gold mining companies in Nicaragua, along with restricting visas for 250 government officials. The sanctions are aimed at targeting the Ortega-Murillo regime's repression of the Nicaraguan people and its ability to manipulate the gold sector, according to Confidencial . All U.S. citizens are prohibited from transacting with these entities, and any assets they hold in the United States will be blocked. Additionally, visa restrictions were imposed on government officials and non-governmental actors for their roles in supporting the regime's attacks on human rights and fundamental freedoms, Confidencial reports.

Cuban President Diaz-Canel has declared an official period of mourning following the death of Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi. The mourning will be observed from May 21 to May 22, and the Cuban national flag will be flown at half-staff, according to TeleSur . Raisi is remembered for his contribution to the friendship and cooperation between Cuba and Iran. The Iranian President and Foreign Affairs Minister died in a helicopter crash, along with other notable figures.

Cuba and Syria file suit to get off terrorist list

Cuba and Syria are suing to be removed from the US State Department's terrorist list. They argue that the US is the main sponsor of terrorism and supports radical groups in Syria, according to Prensa Latina . Cuba also claims that the US is trying to confuse public opinion with its recent decision to remove Cuba from the list of uncooperative countries while still labelling it as a sponsor of terrorism.

President expresses solidarity with Iranians

Cuban President Díaz-Canel has expressed solidarity with Iran after the presidential helicopter crash leading to the death of Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and his Foreign Affairs Minister on May 19. "We express to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and the beloved people of the Islamic Republic of Iran our solidarity and best wishes and hopes that President Raisi and his companions will be located without affecting their health,” Díaz-Canel said.

Bolivian activists unveil mural to condemn US blockade against Cuba

Bolivian activists unveiled a mural in solidarity with Cuba and Palestine to protest the US blockade against Cuba. The event was attended by various activist groups and was part of a programme approved at the 9th Congress of the Bolivian Movement of Solidarity with Cuba, according to Prensa Latina . In July, they plan to collect powdered milk for Cuban children as part of their campaign.

International Conference for World Balance

Cuba will host the 6 th  International Conference for World Balance in January 2025, bringing together a diverse group of individuals and organisations committed to social justice, peace, and global development. According to the Cuban News Agency, the conference is supported by various international institutions and will focus on the transition towards multilateralism and sustainable human development. This event has been held in Cuba since 2003 and has gained increasing attention from prominent figures in politics, academia, and civil society, Cuban News Agency reports.

Despite US sanctions and financial persecutions, Cuba attracted over 2,000,000 visitors in 2023. The Cuban Ministry of Tourism, led by President of Cuba Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez and Prime Minister Manuel Marrero Cruz, emphasised sustainable development, environmental protection, and the implementation of a circular economy, local media Granma reports. They urged Cuba to use animation, science, and innovation to showcase its unique culture and uniqueness. According to Granma, Cuban Minister of Tourism Juan Carlos García Granda plans to reverse deficiencies in 2024 and offer quality products and services to overcome the three million visitor barrier.

Open letter to lift U.S. blockade against Cuba

Over 140 organizations and individuals in Maryland have signed an open letter to the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, urging them to end the economic, commercial, and financial blockade against Cuba.  According to Cuba Si , the letter was addressed to U.S. Democratic Senator for Maryland, Ben Cardin. The blockade, which has been in place for over 60 years, has caused massive suffering for the Cuban people and has cost the Cuban Government 159 billion dollars, Cuba Si reported. Over three decades, the United Nations General Assembly has consistently called for the end of the blockade every year except in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Cuba Si reported.

Remembrance of French vessel explosion

Cubans remembered on March 4 the terrorist act that resulted in the explosion of the French ship La Coubre 64 years ago in Havana, which killed 100 people and injured hundreds more. The first explosion happened while port workers were unloading merchandise and the second happened when the victims of the first explosion were being assisted. Former leader of Cuba, Fidel Castro presented evidence of the US Government's complicity in the crime on March 5, the day following the events. He used for the first time the catchphrase "Homeland or Death," which has since guided the Cuban revolutionary movement, local news agency La Prensa Latina reported.

Cubans march in solidarity with Palestinians

Residents of Holguín, a city in eastern Cuba held a massive march in solidarity with the Palestinian cause on March 2 amid the ongoing Israel-Palestine conflict. The march which included people of all ages was led by Ernesto Santiesteban Velázquez, member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba and first secretary in the province; Manuel Francisco Hernández Aguilera, governor of Holguín, members of the Cuban Institute of Friendship with the Peoples, among other political, mass and government authorities, local media Ahora reported.

Decreasing population

Cuba's population continues to age and decrease, with 90,300 births registered in 2023, the lowest in the last six decades, the Cuban News Agency reported. Cuban Prime Minister Manuel Marrero Cruz urged a change of mentality and a change of mindset to address the demographic situation. He called for solutions based on local resources and monitoring progress and deficiencies. "We are talking about government projections to correct distortions, and here there are many distortions, and to re-drive the economy in this matter is to comply with everything we have proposed because all this directly impacts the population", he is quoted by the Cuban News Agency.

Although the ECOWAS treaty provisions typically bind member states to a one-year timeframe following notification of withdrawal, Mali’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs on February 7 in a statement posted online said it will not respect the one-year timeframe.

The West African nation said ECOWAS had rendered the treaty "inoperative" when it violated its regulations by imposing sanctions on Mali including restricting Mali's right of access to the sea and freedom of transit, provided for by the UN Convention and closing its borders.

“In response, The Ministry reiterates the irreversible nature of the decision of the Government of the Republic of Mali to withdraw without delay from ECOWAS due to the violation by the Organization of its own texts, as well as the other legitimate reasons mentioned in Joint Communiqué N °001 of Burkina Faso, the Republic of Mali and the Republic of Niger, dated January 28, 2024,” the statement said.

"Consequently, the Government of the Republic of Mali is no longer bound by the deadline constraints mentioned in Article 91 of the Revised Treaty and referred to by the Commission," the statement added.

Mali has been a founding member of ECOWAS back in 1975. ECOWAS suspended the country and imposed heavy sanctions after a military coup overthrew the elected civilian government in 2021.

ECOWAS who viewed Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger as important members reiterated its commitment to finding a negotiated solution since the announcement of their withdrawal from the bloc.

“If you put all three states together, their economies will not equal half of what Nigeria’s economy is worth. So, in terms of economic size, it is very insignificant,” he told GSW in an interview.

Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso, three West African states led by the military, announced on January 28 they were immediately leaving the 15-member regional bloc ECOWAS where goods and citizens move freely. This comes after the suspension of the three nations by ECOWAS in the aftermath of coups in the respective countries.

“If they move, no member state of ECOWAS can question their leadership or its legitimacy. Domestically, these states are going to oppress the opposition. ECOWAS from Abuja has been supporting the opposition, pushing their agenda by telling the junta to move towards transition so that political parties can participate,” he said.

The Sahel Region

These countries are landlocked, which means they do not have access to the coast so they have to rely on the ports of their neighbour coastal states for imports and exports. Even though they can resort to non-member ECOWAS states, “It is more economically efficient to import their goods through coastal ECOWAS member states. If they use any other routes, it is going to be longer, sophisticated and costly for them,” Felix told GSW.

Ethnic groups that live across the borders of ECOWAS member states and the Sahel trio will face difficulties because it is going to disrupt the social and cultural life they have built over the years.

If they exit ECOWAS, visa-free travel and the right of settlement and work in member countries for citizens of member states will all come to an end. “Kenyans and South Africans trying to enter Nigeria may even get easier than Nigeriens because they are approaching the organization with hostility,” Felix told GSW.

This decision will also affect the support these countries receive from ECOWAS. For instance, in 2013, it took the ECOWAS forces to intervene and stop the JNIM militant group and other militants from overrunning cities in the Sahel.

“Perhaps they see another alternative in Russia,” Felix suspected that it might be the reason for their exit from the bloc.

ECOWAS

ECOWAS, responding to the trio's exit, expresses readiness to negotiate their stay. However, their exit will signal the weakness and failure of the regional bloc, particularly that of the current leadership.

Their exit could also compromise trade and push back the return to civilian rule in the coup countries.

The Sahel has emerged as a global centre for global terrorism, representing 43% of global terrorism-related fatalities in 2022. West Africa is already witnessing the overflow of violent extremism from the Sahel into typically peaceful coastal states like Togo, Benin, and the Ivory Coast.

There is now the possibility of a weak border cooperation to stop extremists from entering the coastal states. “Instead of cooperating with ECOWAS, they might sabotage the bloc by allowing these extremists to cross into ECOWAS member states and cause problems,” Felix said.

The tough stance that ECOWAS took in a bid to force them to return to democratic rule, including heavy sanctions, seems to have intensified the positions of the military-led nations, creating a growing fault line within the regional bloc.

Despite international sanctions, China has significantly increased its purchases of Iranian oil in recent years, benefiting from substantial discounts.

The U.S. House of Representatives is now advocating for the imposition of secondary sanctions on Chinese financial institutions that facilitate the sale of Iranian oil.

The move comes in response to concerns raised by lawmakers about the ineffectiveness of existing sanctions and the substantial rise in Iran's oil exports.

A report from The Washington Institute highlights a significant surge in Iran's oil exports, exceeding triple the volume since 2020.

The Fars news agency, linked to the Islamic Regime Guard Corps (IRGC), reported a tenfold increase in income from Iran's oil exports to China compared to 2020. This surge reportedly followed the signing of a 25-year cooperation document and the restoration of relations between Iran and China.

The U.S. lawmakers, spearheaded by Republican Michael Lawler and Democrat Jared Moskowitz, emphasize the urgency of the bill, which was approved in the House of Representatives on November 3rd.

The legislation intends to intensify sanctions related to Iranian oil by targeting ports and refineries involved in purchasing or storing Iranian oil. Lawler stated that the bill sends a clear message that violators of sanctions, particularly those buying Iranian oil, will be held accountable.

The legislators argue that the heightened focus on blocking the purchase of Iranian oil by China gained urgency after the Hamas attack on Israel on October 7th.

The bill aims to reinforce sanctions against Chinese entities, aligning with the lawmakers' claim that Iran's oil revenues are being diverted to support activities deemed as "terrorist operations" against Israel.

Cuba has been elected to the Executive Council of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for 2023-2027, following a 42nd General Conference in Paris on November 15. 31 seats were up for debate to complete the Council, which is the governing body of the Organisation consisting of 58 States. The Council is tasked with carrying out the decisions made by the General Conference and keeping an eye on UNESCO's budget and programme.

Russia against US sanction

The Russian Federation Council has demanded that the US economic, commercial, and financial blockade against Cuba be lifted. The declaration, approved by the Upper House of Parliament the Eastern European nations says, "The US sanctions against Cuba are illegitimate, unjust and destructive"; while "they represent an attempt to harm the Cuban people, undermine the economic and humanitarian ties between the Republic of Cuba and other countries," Cuban media Granma reported.

President meets Palestinians

Cuba's President Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez met with 144 young Palestinians studying medicine in the Latin American nation. 53 of the young Palestinians were born in the Gaza Strip. The president on his social media account said, "With life stories marked by the horror of genocide practically from birth, young Palestinians demand an end to barbarism, complete and lasting freedom for Palestine, the return of refugees, and a better life for Palestinian children."

Floods hit again

The Cabaña River in Moa, a city in eastern Cuba, has flooded the Pedro Soto Alba neighbourhood again after heavy rainfall. The flood was exacerbated in mountainous areas, such as the Nuevo Mundo dam, where 80 millimetres were recorded in 45 minutes, Granma reports. Out of 374 residents, 57 were evacuated to the Ñico López pre-university centre, while the rest remained in their homes, according to Granma.

Emigration conference

The president of Cuba, Miguel Díaz-Canel, was present at the inauguration of the Fourth Nation and Emigration Conference at the Havana Convention Palace in Cuba on November 18. Around 400 participants from fifty countries will discuss their nation of origin, migration issues, culture, identity, economic development, and investments at the fourth edition of the Nation and Emigration Conference, local media Prensa Latina reports.