He indicated that the platform is being closely monitored, and further incidents could trigger a full block.

“Illegal gambling has migrated to Telegram,” Aguda said. “If we see one more incident, I will not care who gets angry. We will block these platforms.”

The secretary stressed that child abuse and sexual exploitation are “non-negotiable.” 

He said the department has also engaged with Meta, the parent company of Facebook and Instagram, to tackle similar issues on its platforms.

Where Telegram is banned

Telegram has faced restrictions and bans in several countries, including China, Iran, the United Kingdom, Norway, and Germany, often over national security concerns.

The app’s co-founder and CEO, Pavel Durov, was arrested in France in 2024 over allegations that he failed to monitor criminal activity on the platform. He is currently released on bail and remains under investigation.

In the Philippines, the DICT has previously taken action against online platforms facilitating harmful content. 

In January, it temporarily blocked the AI chatbot Grok after users were able to generate manipulated images removing clothing from women and children . Access was later restored following assurances from the developers to remove the offending tools.

Telegram’s encryption and anonymous messaging features have made it a preferred channel for illegal activities in multiple countries.

With regulators worldwide increasingly scrutinising the platform, the Philippines’ potential ban could mark another step in global efforts to hold messaging apps accountable for cybercrime.

In a statement shared on X, George said the government presented evidence available to it concerning allegations that Luilkov engaged in non-consensual recordings of women. 

He stressed that authorities are committed to enforcing Section 67 of Ghana’s Cyber Security Act, 2020 (Act 1038), which criminalises the non-consensual capture and distribution of intimate images.

“My colleague and I reiterate our commitment to using all legal means at our disposal to ensure that the protections of Ghanaian citizens are enforced at all times,” George said.

Working with the Criminal Investigations Department (CID) of the Ghana Police Service, the government has now escalated the matter to an international level.

“We have activated international legal action through INTERPOL to ensure that once the individual sets foot outside Russia , we have a legal route to make him answer for his actions within Ghana,” the minister added.

The move means Ghana could seek cooperation from other countries if the suspect travels abroad, potentially paving the way for arrest or extradition proceedings. Authorities have not disclosed further details about the investigation, and the Russian embassy has yet to issue a public response.

The six men he named are Les Wexner, founder of Victoria’s Secret; Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem, CEO of Dubai-based DP World ; Salvatore Nuara; Zurab Mikeladze; Leonic Leonov; and Nicola Caputo.

Khanna said he and Republican Congressman Thomas Massie reviewed unredacted Epstein records during a visit to the US Department of Justice . He claimed that between 70 and 80 percent of the files remain blacked out, despite a law requiring most of the material to be released.

“Why did it take us going to the Justice Department to get these names public?” Khanna asked during his remarks, suggesting more information may still be hidden.

The files were released under the Epstein Files Transparency Act, which was signed into law last year. The law allows redactions mainly to protect the identities of victims.

Massie later said that appearing in the files does not prove anyone committed a crime . He noted that inclusion in investigative documents does not automatically mean guilt.

The Justice Department has defended its handling of the records. Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche said the department has unredacted all non-victim names and is committed to transparency.

Jeffrey Epstein was convicted in 2008 of procuring a minor for prostitution and was later arrested again in 2019 on federal sex trafficking charges. He died in a New York jail while awaiting trial.

The documents, which include emails and other correspondence, reportedly mention meetings involving Epstein and an unnamed head of state from Djibouti. One exchange described plans that were later cancelled and characterised the individual as being “a lot of fun,” a descriptor that has attracted wide public interest as portions of the files are gradually made public.

Ismaïl Omar Guelleh has been President of Djibouti since 1999 and is one of Africa’s longest-serving national leaders. He was first elected after succeeding his uncle and has since been re-elected multiple times, most recently in 2021 amid opposition boycotts and allegations of limited political competition. Guelleh’s long tenure has drawn criticism from human rights groups and observers for weak political pluralism and restrictions on freedoms, though he is also credited with maintaining stability in the strategically important Horn of Africa nation.

While inclusion in the Epstein documents has generated public interest, it is important to note that being referenced in unsealed material does not imply wrongdoing or legal action. The Department of Justice has been releasing millions of pages of files in response to legislation aimed at transparency, and many individuals mentioned in the records are not accused of any criminal conduct. Prosecutors have also emphasised that redactions are extensive to protect victims and sensitive information.

Here are some of the key names mentioned and their alleged connection:

Donald Trump  

The documents include an FBI-compiled list of sexual assault allegations related to President Donald Trump. Many of the tips came from anonymous callers or unverified sources and were submitted to the FBI’s National Threat Operations Centre. The Justice Department said the claims were made shortly before the 2020 election and described them as “unfounded and false.” "To be clear, the claims are unfounded and false, and if they have a shred of credibility, they certainly would have been weaponised against President Trump already," the Justice Department emphasised.

Trump has repeatedly denied any wrongdoing involving Epstein.

Bill Gates

In a draft email included in the files, Epstein alleged that Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates had engaged in extramarital affairs.

Epstein wrote that his relationship with Gates involved helping him with personal matters, including what Epstein described as “illicit trysts.” Gates has not been accused of any criminal misconduct in the documents.

Meanwhile, a spokesperson for Gates told the BBC , "These claims, from a proven, disgruntled liar, are absolutely absurd and completely false," adding, “the only thing these documents demonstrate is Epstein's frustration that he did not have an ongoing relationship with Gates and the lengths he would go to entrap and defame."

Richard Branson

Emails in the release show friendly exchanges between Epstein and British billionaire Richard Branson. In one 2013 message, Branson joked about seeing Epstein and referred to “your harem,” suggesting a casual relationship between the two men.

Branson, the billionaire founder of the Virgin Group, has since distanced himself from the allegations and labelled them as abhorrent. A spokesperson for the Virgin Group downplayed the exchange.

“Any contact Richard and Joan Branson had with Epstein took place on only a few occasions more than twelve years ago, and was limited to group or business settings, such as a charity tennis event,” a spokesperson of the group told The Independent .

Elon Musk

The documents contain multiple email exchanges between Epstein and billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk.

In one message from 2012, Epstein asked Musk about travel plans to an island, and Musk responded with a reference to attending a “wildest party.” No accusations of wrongdoing are made against Musk in the files. Musk said in an X post on Saturday "well aware that some email correspondence with [Epstein] could be misinterpreted and used by detractors to smear my name. I don't care about that, but what I do care about is that we at least attempt to prosecute those who committed serious crimes with Epstein, especially regarding heinous exploitation of underage girls."

Prince Andrew

An email exchange shows Epstein arranging a visit with Britain’s Prince Andrew, inviting him to dinner at Buckingham Palace in 2010 and discussing the need for “ privacy .” Prince Andrew has faced long-standing scrutiny over his association with Epstein.

Howard Lutnick

The documents show that Epstein and businessman Howard Lutnick, now US commerce secretary, made plans to meet for lunch on Epstein’s Caribbean island in 2012, according to email exchanges involving Lutnick’s wife.

Jay-Z

The newly released documents also mention rap superstar Jay-Z, whose real name is Shawn Carter.

His name appears in a complaint submitted to an FBI hotline in 2019. The report links multiple individuals and alleges an incident dating back to 1996.

According to the complaint, the victim believed she was drugged before allegedly waking up in the presence of film producer Harvey Weinstein and Jay-Z. The document claims Weinstein assaulted her, though the allegations have not been verified and no charges are linked to Jay-Z in the files. 

The Justice Department cautioned that some materials include unverified or sensational claims and warned against drawing unsupported conclusions.

Malaysia’s population reached 34.3 million in the third quarter of 2025, up from 34.1 million a year earlier, marking a slower growth rate of 0.5% compared with 1.6% in 2024, according to the Department of Statistics. Citizens made up 90.1% of the population, while non-citizens accounted for 9.9%. Live births fell 7.8% to 95,469, while deaths dropped 5.6% to 46,643. Chief Statistician Mohd Uzir Mahidin said Malaysia’s declining fertility mirrors a global trend below the replacement level, warning it could challenge the nation’s demographic structure, economic growth, and social balance.

Malaysia reports over 3,000 sexual crimes against minors

Malaysia has recorded 3,093 sexual crimes involving minors from 2023 to October 2025, with 608 incidents occurring in schools, Deputy Minister M. Kulasegaran told Parliament. The cases included 1,760 in 2023, 1,041 in 2024, and 892 so far this year, leading to 3,601 arrests. To improve safety, the Education Ministry formed an Institutional Safety Reform Committee with police, UNICEF, and other partners to strengthen the Safe School Programme and conduct safety audits. The government also plans a National Child Data Centre to track juvenile sex offenders while ensuring privacy under the Child Act 2001.

Anwar says Malaysia must act fast to become regional chip hub amid AI boom

Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim urged Malaysia to accelerate efforts to become a regional hub for semiconductors and digital technology as artificial intelligence reshapes the global economy. Speaking at the 2025 International Higher Education Islamic Studies Convention, he said mastering emerging technologies is vital for national growth and urged students, including those in Islamic studies, to explore opportunities in the semiconductor field. Anwar stressed the need for a clearly defined semiconductor policy and highlighted Malaysia’s political stability as key to swift implementation and stronger global partnerships, particularly with the US and China.

Malaysia ready to host Thailand-Cambodia talks after border tensions flare

Malaysia is prepared to host negotiations between Thailand and Cambodia amid renewed clashes along their shared border, Foreign Minister Mohamad Hasan said. He noted that both countries had “lost confidence and trust in each other,” despite signing the Kuala Lumpur Peace Accord during the recent Asean Summit. Mohamad said Cambodia requested Kuala Lumpur as the venue, while Thailand also asked Malaysia to help preserve the ceasefire. Tensions resurfaced after Thai soldiers were injured by landmines, which Bangkok claimed were newly planted by Cambodian forces. However, Asean observers found no evidence the mines were recently laid.

Malaysia to launch essential list, localisation incentives to strengthen auto supply chain

Malaysia will introduce an essential list and localisation incentives to boost its domestic automotive supply chain and expand export opportunities for local vendors, Investment, Trade and Industry Minister Tengku Zafrul Abdul Aziz announced at the Global Automotive Technology Expo 2025. The government is also aligning existing electric vehicle (EV) tax exemptions with local assembly operations, a policy shift aimed at deepening industrial participation and regional competitiveness. Zafrul said Perodua’s EV programme remains on track, while Proton has launched the e.MAS 5. Malaysia retained its position as Southeast Asia’s top vehicle market in early 2025.

“A well-founded request has been made for preventive detention for the maximum period of 180 days,” Zeballos said. “As this is a case of gender-based violence , it is important to fully preserve and protect the rights of women, especially those in situations of vulnerability,” he added.

Authorities had activated an Interpol red notice to locate and apprehend Marcelo Arce before he voluntarily appeared at the Prosecutor’s Office to give a statement.

“Red notices have been activated to carry out geolocation, identification, and arrest for extradition purposes,” Zeballos confirmed, adding that Arce’s appearance came “thanks to the thorough and diligent work of the Prosecutor’s Office.”

Prosecutors say the case is supported by forensic medical reports indicating the victim suffered 12 days of medical incapacity, along with psychological evaluations showing emotional harm.

While a conciliation agreement has reportedly been submitted, prosecutors stressed that any settlement will be evaluated carefully but does not nullify the criminal process.

In 2006, then Deputy President Jacob Zuma was charged with raping a 31-year-old woman known by the pseudonym “Khwezi.” During the trial, the court permitted questions about her sexual history, giving Zuma’s defence room to attack her credibility. The judge ultimately ruled the encounter was consensual and acquitted him, a decision that sparked public outcry about fairness to survivors.

The lacuna lies in how criminal intent is defined under the Act. As currently written, sexual offences defined by lack of consent rely on a subjective test of intent, with no requirement that a mistaken belief in consent be “reasonable”.  This means an accused’s assertion, however implausible, may succeed unless the prosecution can exclude it beyond a reasonable doubt.

Into this breach steps The Embrace Project, a civil society organisation in South Africa, fighting for reforms, advocating for the amendment of the law that will shift the balance from a legal strategy that exploits survivors’ past towards a prosecution that focuses squarely on the alleged act.

The project is also pushing for special training for judges and prosecutors to safeguard victims’ dignity and privacy.

Botswana remains one of the few African countries that still actively enforces the death penalty. However, Boko has suggested a shift toward a more nuanced approach addressing GBV.

In 2019, the Botswana National Review acknowledged persistent GBV levels and outlined national efforts to implement the Domestic Violence Act (2008). These measures included extensive public education and awareness campaigns at both national and community levels, using tools such as cultural dialogues, media discussions, and seminars.

The review also stated the government ’s engagement with traditional and religious leaders to tackle GBV.

Ghana and Morocco have signed a visa waiver agreement allowing Ghanaian citizens to travel to Morocco without traditional visas, effective immediately. This arrangement replaces the previous visa process with an online travel authorisation that can be approved within 24 hours, facilitating trade and tourism. The agreement was reached during a two-day visit by Ghana's Foreign Affairs Minister, Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa, highlighting a trend in intra-African mobility.

Increase in scorpion and snake bites raises alarm in Morocco

Morocco experiences a sharp rise in scorpion and snake bites with the onset of summer, recording over 25,000 cases annually, particularly endangering children and women. Reports from the Moroccan Poison Control Centre indicate fatalities due to delayed medical intervention. In response, local authorities and civil associations are launching awareness campaigns to educate rural populations on recognising symptoms and the importance of immediate medical care.

Exploitation of Moroccan women in Spain's strawberry fields

Moroccan women working in Spain’s strawberry industry face exploitation, exemplified by the recent deportation of a pregnant woman and another diagnosed with cervical cancer. Unions allege violations of labour rights, with employers denying responsibility, Morocco World News reports. The incidents have prompted calls for better protection and support for migrant workers under Spain's GECCO programme, which is designed for seasonal labour contracts.

Morocco launches surprise hotel inspections

Morocco has instituted unannounced 'mystery visits' to hotels as part of a new government strategy aimed at enhancing service quality in the tourism sector. Effective from May 27, these inspections evaluate hotels on mandatory safety and comfort criteria while promoting creativity in service. According to Morocco World News , the initiative also extends to short-term rentals to ensure consistent quality across all lodging options.

Morocco's Ministry of Interior announces July 2025 by-elections

The Ministry of Interior has scheduled by-elections for July 1, 2025, to fill over 80 vacant seats in local councils across 69 municipalities. Candidates are to submit declarations between June 12 and 17, with the election campaign commencing on June 18. This initiative aims to bolster democratic representation and citizen participation at the local governance level.

The decision was announced in a statement signed by Vice-Chancellor Professor Mário Brito dos Santos.

It cited the need to uphold the integrity of academic and administrative processes, especially during the examination period.

Although the university did not publicly name the lecturers involved, the report concluded that their conduct violated the institution’s code of ethics.

The investigation began after several male students reported repeated incidents involving lecturers allegedly demanding sexual favours and engaging in corrupt practices.

Students who have since completed their courses said the misconduct has existed for years, though it appears to have worsened more recently.

As a result of the dismissals, the university said the affected subjects will be reassigned to faculty from other campuses in Nampula and Niassa to ensure students’ assessments continue without disruption.

The case has sparked wider concern about abuse of power and gender dynamics within Mozambican higher education institutions, especially in regions where access to justice and student protections are often limited.

Meanwhile, the university has pledged to strengthen oversight and ensure all students, regardless of gender, are treated with respect and fairness throughout their academic journey.

Mexican beauty influencer shot to death during TikTok live stream

Mexican beauty influencer Valeria Marquez, 23, was fatally shot during a TikTok livestream, sparking outrage in a country plagued by gender-based violence. Authorities are investigating her death as a possible femicide. Read more here .

'Our land is not for sale': Ecuador's Waorani rally to defend Amazon from government oil plans

Dozens of Waorani Indigenous people protested in Ecuador’s capital on May 14 against proposed oil expansion in the Amazon, saying it endangers their ancestral lands and culture. Read more here .

Who was José Mujica? Uruguay’s iconic ex-president, who lived like the poor

José Mujica, Uruguay’s former president known for his humility and bold reforms, has died at 89, President Yamandú Orsi announced on social media. Read more here .

Africa

Survivors fight to heal from rampant sexual violence in war-torn Sudan: Video

In Port Sudan, now serving as the de facto capital of eastern Sudan, survivors of sexual violence find refuge at the Aman Centre—a community-run hub offering psychological support and a path to healing amid the country’s ongoing conflict. The centre has become a critical lifeline for many. Read more here .

Gambian lawmakers demand expanded probe into Jammeh’s hidden assets

The Gambian National Assembly has approved a motion to expand the investigation into former President Yahya Jammeh’s assets, amid rising calls for transparency over his seized properties. Read more here .

Libyan economy and trade minister resigns from the internationally recognised government

Libya's Economy Minister, Mohamed al-Hawij, has resigned, joining two other ministers amid protests in the capital after this week’s violent clashes. Local Government Minister Badr al-Tumi and Housing Minister Abu Bakr al-Ghawi also stepped down. Read more here .

Asia

Vietnam leads the world in breeding high-value sushi fish in lab

Vietnam has made history as the first country to successfully breed amberjack, a prized fish widely used in Japanese cuisine. Read more here .

Turkish police detain 97 students over university protest

Turkish police detained 97 students at Istanbul’s Bogazici University on Tuesday during a protest against a campus event featuring controversial Islamic preacher Nureddin Yildiz. Read more here .

Rogue communication devices found in Chinese solar power inverters

U.S. energy officials are reviewing risks tied to Chinese-made power inverters after finding unexplained communication equipment in some devices. These inverters, crucial to solar, wind, and EV infrastructure, are widely used globally. Read more here .

As reported by BBC Africa Eye, members of Kenya’s security forces involved in the shooting of unarmed anti-tax protesters on June 25, 2024, have been identified. According to TV47 , an analysis of over 5,000 images confirms that the protesters posed no threat while they were killed during a demonstration against the Finance Bill. Despite public outrage and a parliamentary order for an investigation, no security personnel have been held accountable.

Campaign to Combat Online Child Sexual Exploitation Launched

According to Terre des Hommes Netherlands , the new ‘Also Online’ campaign aims to enhance awareness among parents in Kenya regarding online child sexual exploitation. Following a study showing 60% of caregivers lack adequate knowledge on this issue, the campaign encourages open communication between parents and children about online safety, amidst alarming statistics revealing thousands of reported online abuse incidents.

Kenyan Broadcasting Authority Cracks Down on Gambling Ads

The Communications Authority of Kenya has mandated broadcasters to reduce betting and gambling content within 14 days or risk losing their broadcast licenses. As reported by Broadcast Media Africa , Director General David Mugonyi highlighted that many media outlets have surpassed the legal limits for gambling content, prompting this ultimatum to ensure responsible programming and adherence to national broadcasting standards.

Kenya Leads in Data Protection, Yet State Agencies Lag

As reported by the digital rights organisation Unwanted Witness, Kenya ranks highest in data protection compliance among East African countries, although state agencies continue to perform poorly. The report assessed 189 organisations, revealing that while the private sector adheres well to data privacy laws, government bodies suffer from significant transparency issues, highlighting a crucial area for improvement.

According to the March 2025 Women’s Choice survey conducted by BusinessDay, the vast majority of respondents expressed a profound lack of confidence in existing laws meant to protect victims of sexual harassment.

Many described the legal framework as ineffective or completely unknown to them, with several admitting they had never heard of key legislation like the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act of 2018.

The survey, which aimed to gauge public sentiment on Nigeria’s response to sexual harassment, exposed a chilling pattern of silence, fear, and systemic failure. Respondents shared personal stories from diverse environments, workplaces, schools, markets, political spaces, private homes, and even online platforms, reinforcing the reality that sexual harassment is not confined to any single setting or demographic.

Despite the frequency of these encounters, only a small fraction of victims reported the incidents. The reasons for this silence were alarmingly consistent: fear of stigma, victim-blaming, retaliation, and an overwhelming lack of trust in the justice system.

“The feeling that nothing will be done and that there will be retaliation,” one respondent shared . Another added, “You hear things like, ‘What were you wearing?’ or ‘What were you doing there?’ and it shuts you down.”

Many respondents pointed to societal norms that trivialise harassment, especially when the perpetrator holds a position of power. Nigeria’s cultural values, they noted, often silence women and make it difficult for victims to come forward without facing judgment or disbelief.

“For many, the risk of coming forward outweighs the hope of getting justice,” the report concluded.

The investigation was launched after actress and filmmaker Judith Godrèche publicly accused two French directors of sexually abusing her when she was a teenager. Her testimony prompted lawmakers to launch an inquiry into the culture of abuse within the industry.

Led by Sandrine Rousseau, a Member of Parliament of the Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV), the commission’s report highlights persistent abuse across multiple artistic disciplines. “Violence in the sectors studied, namely cinema, audiovisual, theater, dance, and music mainly, is persistent, it is endemic, and therefore, it is systemic. It is of any moral nature, sexist, sexual, economic, or physical,” Rousseau said.

The report criticises the entertainment industry as a “talent grinding machine” and includes 86 recommendations aimed at strengthening protections for performers, particularly children, on film and theatre sets, as reported by AFP.

The findings come shortly after the high-profile sexual assault trial of actor Gérard Depardieu—a significant moment in France’s reckoning with abuse in the entertainment world in the wake of the #MeToo movement.

"Why do we have to go to these extreme measures? It's crazy to me; it's absurd, it's insane. We don’t have to cry this loud to be heard," said Kim Shandu, a student in Cape Town who is utterly disappointed in the justice delivery system in South Africa.

Janine de Vos, a mother-of-two who was at the Cape Town demonstration also echoed this sentiment when she told AFP "Our justice system always fails us, I have no, no, no trust in our justice system and something needs to be done and someone needs to take accountability of whats happening with our children out there."

Cwecwe, who is now 8 was allegedly raped on her school premises , Bergview College in October 2024 while waiting for her transport back home. The case is, however, catching fire after her mother shared her quest for justice some two weeks ago.

Despite the public uproar and outcry, no arrest has been made so far. But South Africa's police minister, Senzo Mchunu, shared last week that his outfit was seriously investigating the case and had even identified three suspects including staff of the school.

This case is one of many witnessed in South Africa over the years, and it has had slow justice proceedings, too.

In a separate incident, police on Tuesday, April 1 reported the arrest of a primary school teacher accused of raping a 13-year-old student in northern South Africa.

According to United Nations figures, one in three women in South Africa suffers violence or sexual abuse in their lifetimes.

Between 2023 and 2024, out of 42,500 rape cases reported, police data indicates that 17,000 involved children. However, only 449 child rape cases were brought to trial during the period.

Natasha recounted her ordeal before a gathering of international legislators, “I come with a heavy heart from Nigeria,” she began. “But first, I’d like to apologise to honourable members - I am not here to bring shame to my country. I am here to seek help for the women of Nigeria.”

She explained that on March 6, 2025, she was suspended from the Nigerian Senate for submitting a petition of sexual harassment against Senate President Godswill Akpabio. She had hoped for a fair and transparent investigation, but instead, she was penalised and silenced.

“My suspension came with severe conditions : my security was withdrawn, my official vehicles and other entitlements were taken away, my salary was cut off, and I was barred from appearing near the National Assembly. For six months, I am not allowed to present myself as a senator, either locally or internationally,” Natasha detailed.

She condemned her suspension as an orchestrated attempt to sideline women in Nigeria’s political landscape, adding, “If a female senator can be treated this way in full public view, imagine what ordinary Nigerian women face every day in workplaces and universities.”

In response, the President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), Tulia Ackson, acknowledged Natasha’s concerns and assured that the organisation would take steps to address the matter while also hearing from the Nigerian delegation.

“Dear colleagues, there was a matter that arose during the first session which we had this morning, the matter that was raised by our colleague from Nigeria, Senator Natasha. We have heard her concerns, and as an institution, the IPU will be taking the concerns raised, not only taking her side but also giving a chance to listen to the other side as is customary for the IPU,” Ackson stated.

She emphasised the need for a balanced approach, noting that while Natasha’s concerns had been heard, it was essential to allow the Nigerian delegation to also present its perspective before action would be taken.

Senate denies suspension over harassment claim

Meanwhile, the Nigerian Senate has clarified that Senator Natasha Akpoti’s suspension was not linked to her sexual harassment allegations against the Senate President. Instead, the upper chamber stated that she was suspended for violating Sections 6.1 and 6.2 of the Senate Standing Orders 2023 (as amended).

The judge also froze his assets and banned him from leaving Bolivia.

The case accuses Morales of trafficking, with prosecutors claiming the girl's parents used her connection to him for political benefits.

Morales denies the charges, calling them a political attack by President Luis Arce, his former ally turned rival.

In a social media post , Morales said the accusations aimed to block him from running in the 2025 presidential elections.

The case has sparked protests by Morales's supporters, who claim the allegations are part of a plot to silence him. Some have blocked roads and threatened to defend him at all costs.

The trafficking charges carry a prison sentence of 10 to 15 years. Morales’s lawyer argues the case is flawed, claiming there is no victim. Police have yet to enforce the arrest warrant.

Morales was Bolivia's first Indigenous president and ruled for nearly 14 years before leaving office in 2019 amid allegations of election fraud.

He is now seeking a political comeback despite legal challenges.

This exploitation emerges out of desperation; women face dire consequences if they refuse such offers, risking their survival in already challenging circumstances.

One 27-year-old Sudanese woman, who fled to Chad with her five children , spoke to The Associated Press about her harrowing experience.

She described being coerced into a sexual relationship with an aid worker in exchange for money to buy essentials. "The children were crying. We ran out of food," she said. “He abused my situation.”

The woman, who requested anonymity for fear of retaliation, explained that the aid worker promised her cash in exchange for sex. He gave me about $12 each time, she said. After giving birth to a child she claims was his, he provided her with a one-time payment of around $65 but denied paternity.

The man was a Sudanese labourer for Doctors Without Borders, known by its French acronym MSF, she added.

Another woman shared a similar story, detailing how two Chadian men at the site repeatedly contacted her after she applied for a job, offering employment in exchange for sex. Both women said they refused the proposition.

A Sudanese psychologist reports numerous accounts of women trading sex for support, leading to unwanted pregnancies and a cycle of abuse and neglect.

“They were psychologically destroyed. Imagine a woman getting pregnant without a husband amid this situation,” The psychologist said. "They came to me because they couldn’t get an abortion for fear of being shunned by their communities."

Despite the existence of safe spaces and reporting mechanisms established by humanitarian organisations to protect women from exploitation, many refugee women remain vulnerable.

One woman, who had a child as a result of a sexual relationship with an aid worker, said she feared reporting him for fear he would turn her over to the police . “He threatened me,” she said,

A 19-year-old refugee recounted being propositioned for sex by her employer in exchange for a raise. The distressing reality is that many women feel they must sacrifice their dignity to survive, often leading to further victimisation.

Local authorities, including Ali Mahamat Sebey, the head official in Adre, have denied allegations of abuse by local police, asserting that officers are prohibited from entering the camps. Sebey acknowledged, however, that the growing number of refugees makes it difficult to ensure the safety of every individual.

Zarin, now 20, recounted her ordeal of being sold by her family as a teenager. Believing she was being married, she was instead passed from one family to another, each time told she was “married” to a new man.

“Different men showed me marriage cards and said I was married to them,” she shared with the AFP. After numerous attempts to escape, Zarin eventually fled, only to face accusations of kidnapping from her captors.

"What I am trying to say is, the family I was married into later married me off to other families for 200,000 - 300,000 rupees [$2,377-$3,565]. Then I tried to escape from that place, I tried many times, but they would not let me escape, then I ran away from there finally with my husband's brother's son. They levelled charges of kidnapping against me,” she recounted.

Adding that, "I did not have the rice they [the captors] gave me. I threw away the rice. Once I saw them mixing something, I threw the rice away. I did not eat it. There was a dustbin beside me. I threw it in the dustbin and then pretended to be unconscious. I lay there, pretending to be unconscious, and then I saw three or four men entering the room. That is when I understood that this [sexual exploitation] is what had been happening to me." 

The trauma endured by 18-year-old Ayesha was equally devastating. Lured into India under false pretences, she was assaulted, beaten, and exploited. “I was crying and begging him to stop,” she recalled, sharing that she regretted her decision to leave her family and trusted the wrong people .

Despite her suffering, Ayesha is determined to rebuild her life. Now training as a beautician through an NGO, she hopes to move forward and become self-sufficient.

Tropical Storm Trami has wreaked havoc across the Philippines, causing significant rainfall and resultant floods that have tragically led to fatalities. The adverse weather conditions have necessitated the efforts of rescue workers who are actively engaged in evacuating those in peril, Sky News reports. The storm's trajectory suggests an ongoing threat to the region, raising concerns over disaster preparedness and management protocols in place for future occurrences.

Murder of broadcast journalist

The Philippines has expressed outrage over the murder of broadcast journalist Maria Vilma Rodriguez, aged 56, who was fatally shot in Zamboanga City. The office of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. has called for an exhaustive investigation into this grievous act, highlighting it as part of a concerning trend wherein five journalists have lost their lives since Marcos' presidency commenced in June 2022. Notably, the National Union of Journalists of the Philippines reported a disconcerting total of 200 journalist fatalities since the restoration of democracy in 1986. According to news agency The Sun , the authorities have apprehended a suspect and are investigating potential familial motives.

Celebrity pastor denies sexual abuse allegations

Adding to the country's tumult, pastor Apollo Quiboloy, founder of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ church, has vehemently denied fresh allegations of sexual abuse as he testified before a Senate inquiry following his indictment for trafficking and related charges. Quiboloy faces serious accusations from former church members, including grooming minors and compelling followers into labour and sexual acts. He challenged these accusers to advance their claims legally, asserting their allegations to be fabricated, Channel News Asia reports. Victims, such as Teresita Valdehueza, have detailed traumatic experiences involving the pastor, while Yulya Tartova has also alleged coercion into sexual encounters.

Fatalities from the storm

Compounding the situation in the region, Tropical Storm Trami has resulted in 14 confirmed fatalities and compelled thousands of individuals to evacuate their homes. Rescue teams are navigating perilous chest-deep floodwaters to rescue stranded residents from the clutches of torrential rain, which has led to extensive flooding, particularly submerging villages and encasing vehicles in volcanic debris, Daily Journal reported.

Online gambling

In a related context, the Indonesian National Police have successfully repatriated 67 out of 69 citizens who faced arrest in the Philippines for suspected involvement in online gambling and cyber scams. This action followed a crackdown by the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission (PAOCC). According to Indonesian media Jakarta Globe , although two Indonesian nationals remain in custody as suspects, many among the repatriated individuals assert that they were victims of human trafficking. Nevertheless, officials have clarified that a majority identified as participants in both illegal gambling operations and scams. This operation comes in the wake of the Philippines' terminating operations of Offshore Gaming Operators (POGO), significantly impacting the workforce across both legitimate and illicit avenues in the sector.

The Philippines, the United States, and Japan have entered into a collaborative agreement aimed at bolstering cyber and digital resilience. This initiative was formalised during the US-Japan-Philippines Trilateral cyber and digital dialogue at the 9th Singapore International Cyber Week. Co-chaired by officials from the three nations, the dialogue covered various pivotal areas including civilian cybersecurity, workforce development, maritime cybersecurity, and information sharing. The overarching objective is to enhance international cyberspace stability, improve data security, and advance capacity-building efforts. Critical to these discussions was the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Forum, which aims to facilitate data flow while ensuring privacy protection. This ongoing initiative comes on the heels of a previous bilateral dialogue aimed at fortifying the cybersecurity landscape and digital economy resilience between the Philippines and the US, the Philippine Inquirer reports.

Deportation of two foreign sex offenders

Two foreign sex offenders, namely American Joseph John Graham, 76, and British national Ryan Ashley, 50, are slated for deportation from the Philippines on the grounds of being “undesirable aliens.” Graham's apprehension occurred at Clark International Airport, northwest of Manila, where he faces 55 counts related to child pornography in Florida, alongside the discovery of child abuse material on his phone. Ashley, a registered sex offender from the UK, was detained while attempting to extend his tourist visa following previous convictions for sexual offences against minors. Their arrests were enacted under the Bureau of Immigration's #Shieldkids campaign, which primarily targets child sex offenders, culminating in their blacklisting from re-entering the Philippines, as reported by The Star .

Filipino finishes 1 st runner-up at Miss Aura International 2024

Philippines' Isabelle De Los Santos has garnered recognition as the 1st runner-up at Miss Aura International 2024 , an event hosted in Antalya, Turkey. The title was claimed by Colombia's Yuri Rei. During her Top 5 response, Isabelle conveyed a compelling viewpoint favouring wealth over fame, asserting that financial resources could be leveraged to uplift those in need. She showcased a gown embellished with the word "Aura" on the back. Isabelle also received the Miss Aura International fan vote.

VP Duterte threatens to exhume remains of Marcos Sr.

Philippine Vice-President Sara Duterte has escalated her political feud with President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. by threatening to unearth the remains of former dictator Ferdinand Marcos Sr . and dispose of them into the sea. This provocative statement follows Duterte's resignation from Marcos Jr.'s cabinet in June, which has exacerbated tensions just as both parties are preparing for the 2024 midterm elections—each eyeing the 2028 presidential race. During a press conference, Duterte condemned the Marcos Jr. administration for its alleged poor governance and articulated feelings of being "used" since their political alliance in the 2022 elections. She has warned of serious repercussions if political hostilities against her persist.

American kidnapped in southern Philippines

An American man named Elliot Onil Eastman has been kidnapped by armed assailants in Mindanao, southern Philippines. The abductors, disguised as police officers, reportedly shot Eastman in the leg during his attempted escape and subsequently transported him by boat to an undisclosed location. The US Embassy is actively liaising with local authorities to manage the situation. Eastman has resided in the region for approximately five months following his marriage to a local resident. As of now, no ransom demands have been made, and the identity of the assailants remains unknown. The Philippine military has expressed readiness to assist in the effort to locate and apprehend the kidnappers, as reported by the Manila Times .

Despite the numerous allegations against Diddy, his defence team stands by its previous comments that the rapper is bouncing back stronger.

"He's doing fine (Sean "Diddy" Combs). You know, Dr King called it the law of unintended consequences. So sometimes the more you push a person down, the stronger they get and so he's making an adjustment. He had his family here today to support him. We really want to put an end to all of the clowning that we see on the Internet. This is a serious proceeding with serious consequences, and all of us are addressing it accordingly," Diddy's lawyer Anthony Ricco told the press on Thursday.

The charges against Combs stem from an extensive investigation into allegations of sex trafficking and racketeering. Federal prosecutors have accused the music mogul of orchestrating a network that exploited individuals for commercial sex acts.

R&B singer Cassie Ventura filed a lawsuit against Sean "Diddy" Combs in 2023, accusing him of repeated physical abuse, sexual exploitation, and rape throughout their decade-long professional and personal relationship.

In November 2023, the two reached an undisclosed settlement, while Combs firmly denied the accusations.

Cassie's lawsuit opened a plethora of legal actions against the 54-year-old rapper by more than 100 people including singer Dawn Richard.

According to Hector Arce, the allegations include a range of offences, such as abuse of authority, sexual harassment, psychological violence, and human trafficking. 

"Mr. Lucho Arce has played with this woman's feelings, making false promises and engaging in a series of perverse actions," he asserted.

Jessica Villarroel detailed her experiences, indicating that she and President Arce had intimate relations and accusing him of subsequently blocking her when she confronted him about his alleged misconduct. She claims to be one of at least six victims silenced through the president's influence.

These allegations arise amid a fierce rivalry between President Arce and former President Morales over the ruling party's presidential nomination for the upcoming 2025 elections . Morales, who governed from 2006 to 2019, is currently under investigation for unrelated charges of sexual assault involving a minor.

President Arce, who is married with three children , has yet to publicly address the accusations. 

Under Bolivian law , a president can be investigated by prosecutors but can only face trial with congressional approval, a situation complicated by the fractures within the ruling party. 

The indictment accuses Combs of engaging in decades of sexual abuse and operating a "criminal enterprise" involved in serious crimes, including sex trafficking and forced labour. U.S. Attorney Damian Williams noted that Combs is currently the only individual indicted, but the investigation is ongoing.

According to the charges, Combs allegedly coerced women to participate in "Freak Offs," extended sexual performances with male sex workers that were often filmed and involved narcotics.

The judge denied a request for bail, citing concerns about potential witness intimidation.

Combs's legal issues escalated after singer Cassie filed a lawsuit alleging years of coercive abuse, including rape. Although that case was settled, it led to further allegations against him.

Ballet dancer Michaela Mabinty DePrince, who immigrated to the US from a Sierra Leone orphanage, passed away at 29, as confirmed by her family. DePrince's inspirational journey, marked by perseverance through hardship, included being featured in a documentary and performing on "Dancing With the Stars." She overcame challenges, including a skin pigmentation disorder and a difficult upbringing, to become a principal dancer with the Dance Theatre of Harlem and the Boston Ballet. DePrince authored a memoir and a children's book, and she was also an ambassador for War Child, assisting children affected by armed conflict. Her family has requested donations to War Child in her memory, as reported by Euro News .

New justice reform strategy

On September 16, 2024, President Julius Maada Bio of Sierra Leone launched the Justice Sector Reform Strategy 2024-2030 at the New Brookfields Hotel in Freetown. This strategy aims to transform the justice system by improving service delivery, enhancing transparency, and ensuring access to justice for all citizens. According to The Sierra Leone Telegraph , key stakeholders, including the Human Rights Commission of Sierra Leone (HRCSL), participated in the event, highlighting their role in promoting human rights within the judicial sector. President Bio emphasized the need for collaboration among justice institutions and civil society to successfully implement these reforms, which address long-standing issues in Sierra Leone's judicial system and reinforce the country's commitment to human rights and justice.

Harrowing experiences of sex workers

The BBC Africa Eye report highlights the harrowing experiences of sex workers in Sierra Leone, particularly focusing on Isata, a young single mother who has been kidnapped, trafficked, and abused repeatedly. The ongoing impact of the civil war, combined with recent crises like the Ebola outbreak and the COVID-19 pandemic, has pushed many women into sex work as a means of survival. Isata, who became addicted to a dangerous street drug called kush, eventually returned to sex work after struggling to support her children. The report illustrates the dangers that these women face, including violence, trafficking, and health risks. Many young girls, orphaned by the war, find themselves in similar situations with little support from society or the government. Charity organizations estimate thousands of women and children in Sierra Leone are trafficked annually, often lured by false promises of jobs. Despite the dire circumstances, some women, like Isata and her peers, continue to hope for a better future for their families amidst their suffering.

Lessons from Kenya's police chief's arrest

Kenya's acting chief of police, Gilbert Masengeli, was sentenced to six months in prison for defying court orders to disclose the whereabouts of three men allegedly abducted by police. The judge suspended the sentence for seven days, providing Masengeli one last opportunity to comply. As reported by The Sierra Leone Telegraph , the case arose from a lawsuit by the Law Society of Kenya concerning the men, who were outspoken supporters of anti-government protests earlier this year. This incident draws parallels to the situation in Sierra Leone, where dozens of youths protesting economic decline were arrested, with their current whereabouts unknown. Human rights abuses in both countries risk fueling further political instability.

UAE and Sierra Leone discuss enhancing cooperation

Dr. Sultan bin Ahmad Sultan Al Jaber, Minister of State, led a UAE delegation to Sierra Leone to enhance bilateral cooperation. He conveyed greetings from UAE leaders to President Julius Maada Bio and highlighted the long-standing ties between the two countries, dating back to 1982. The visit aimed to explore new avenues of cooperation in various fields, including health, education, energy, agriculture, mining, and infrastructure, Emirates News Agency reports.

Gisele, who had suffered from memory lapses for years, only uncovered the abuse through a police investigation. She has asked for the trial to be open to the public to raise awareness about the use of drugs in committing sexual violence.

Supporters gathered in the streets to voice their admiration for Gisele's courage. Nadège Peneau, a 46-year-old specialist educator from Orange, expressed her deep respect for Gisele, "I have total admiration for her. I think what she's doing is very courageous. Thanks to her... she carries the voice of so many children and women, and even men because that happens too... Yes, of course, I think she has immense courage to be able to (testify, editor's note) like that, in an open way."

Another activist, Maud Fontanel, who works with Family Planning in Avignon, emphasised the need to shift the shame surrounding sexual assault from victims to perpetrators. "It's important to reiterate that shame has to change sides because we know what happens when someone is sexually assaulted. The blame and responsibility are put back on the victim. We'll also make excuses for the aggressor, that's what we call rape culture, and it's very important to get this message across that shame should be on the aggressor's side and not the victim's," she was quoted by AFP.

The victim’s ex-husband, Dominique Pelicot, 71, has admitted to all charges against him.

What they said

Woo Jong-soo, the head of the National Office of Investigation, is quoted by The Korea Herald on Monday, September 2, to have said that the police investigation was based on “complicity, aiding and abetting crimes involving Deepfake pornography. Investigating Telegram is difficult, as they do not share account information and other forms of personal information with investigative officials or law enforcement agencies based in Korea and in other countries. However, it’s not true that because Telegram didn’t give us the material to investigate, we are unable to catch the actual perpetrators of the crimes. We (the Korean police have our own investigative techniques are are doing our best to investigate.”

In recent years, South Korea has faced a growing crisis of digital sex crimes, particularly involving 'deepfake' technology.

This technology, which uses artificial intelligence to create realistic but fake videos and images has been misused to make explicit photos and videos of women without their consent.

According to recent reports , South Korea is the country most targeted by deepfake pornography, with its singers and actresses constituting 53% of the individuals featured in such deepfakes.

In response to the public outcry, the South Korean government has pledged to take stronger action against digital sex crimes. This includes tougher laws to criminalize the creation, distribution, and viewing of sexually exploitative deepfakes.

The government has also increased the number of regulatory personnel monitoring such crimes and established a 24-hour hotline for victims

University students led the crowds in breaking through security barricades, demanding the resignation of West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee over her handling of the case.

A 33-year-old police volunteer, part of a government-employed civic force assisting police at the hospital, has been arrested and charged with the crime.

Reports show sexual crimes against women in India increased from 25,000 cases in 2012 to 31,000 over the past decade.

Gender-based violence remains a significant issue in India. According to a national health survey by the Indian Ministry of Health, nearly one in three women has reported experiencing some form of violence, based on a sample of almost 725,000 women nationwide.

Protesters chanted "We want justice" and held signs reading "No safety, no service." Doctors joined the protests, halting elective services across several states.

The Indian Medical Association has called for a 24-hour nationwide strike starting August 17, urging the implementation of the Central Protection Act to protect healthcare workers.

The victim was found in the hospital's seminar hall, suggesting she was resting during a long shift. An autopsy confirmed sexual assault, and her parents suspect gang rape.

Police have detained a hospital staff member, though there are accusations of mishandling the investigation.

Sexual violence is a major issue in India, with nearly 90 rapes reported daily. This case has drawn comparisons to the 2012 Delhi gang rape, which led to reforms and harsher penalties for rapists.

Amid growing outrage, Macaya resigned as president of the conservative Independent Democratic Union (UDI) on July 23. In his resignation statement, he emphasized his intention to protect the minors involved and his party’s performance, stating, "I would never allow a family situation, however painful, to further affect the minors involved and also the performance of my party."

However, Macaya remains a senator, as Chilean law does not permit members of Congress to resign from their posts. One protester voiced the public sentiment, telling AFP, “I find that a senator of the Republic cannot be in Congress when he has lied to the whole country.”

Eduardo Macaya, 72, was sentenced to six years in prison for repeated sexual abuse of minors. Initially taken to Rancagua prison on July 19 for preventive detention, the appeals court overturned this decision on July 22, placing him under house arrest instead.

The Philippines is increasing fighter pilot training and considering the purchase of faster and more lethal jets to modernise its Air Force. According to GMA News , they are participating in multinational war games and assessing the capabilities of more advanced jets. The focus is on maritime domain awareness and building air defenses amid tensions with Beijing in the South China Sea.

U.S. support for Philippines

The U.S. will support the Philippines in resupplying a ship on the Second Thomas Shoal in the South China Sea. The resupply is meant to reinforce the Philippines' claims to the atoll, which are contested by China. The U.S. has made it clear to China that its mutual defense treaty with the Philippines applies to the ship in question, Japan Times reports.

Sexual abuse

Children in the Philippines are being sexually abused in live-streamed videos, with facilitators including their own loved ones. The abuse is driven by demand from countries like the UK, Australia, and the USA. The online sexual abuse of children has reached 'epidemic levels' in the Philippines, with as many as 500,000 Filipino children being victims. The facilitators often feel there is a "no touch, no harm" element to the abuse, and requests for help from them often lead to sexual performances and payments. Metro reports that technological advancements have made it easier for foreign perpetrators to access illegal content, and there is a need for urgent action to create a strengthened global response to protect children.

French-Philippines air defence ties

French Air Force mission Pegase 24 will stop over in the Philippines for the first time as part of their tour of the Indo-Pacific region. This visit aims to strengthen defence ties and underscores French strategic interests in trade routes and defence markets. News 18 reports that the contingent will stop over at Clark Air Base, a former US military base.

Support for Haiwai's teacher population

Filipino immigrants are helping ease Hawaii’s teacher shortage, filling half of the state’s 200+ teacher vacancies. The immigrants will serve as cultural ambassadors and are part of a cultural exchange program for foreign educators. They receive support in transitioning to life in Hawaii, including assistance with healthcare, banking, and community connections. However, they face challenges with the high cost of living and may need additional support and oversight. The teachers are committed to their mission and making sacrifices to provide a better life for their families, Hawaii News reports.

Level 12 fines which is $2,000 or a maximum of 10 years in prison are the penalties. According to the legislation, having sex with a person under the age of 12 is considered rape in the case of a female child or aggravated indecent assault in the case of a boy, with much harsher penalties and often long prison sentences.

The only legal defence for someone who engages in sexual activity with a person under the age of 18 is the ability to demonstrate that the person had reasonable grounds to assume the other person was older which does not include physical or sexual maturity.

The Constitutional Court of Zimbabwe confirmed that the minimum age for marriage, which is set at 18 in the nation’s constitution also applied to the sexual age of consent, therefore raising the age of consent for sexual relations from 16 to 18, The Herald reported.

In other African countries like Ghana, Senegal and Zambia the sexual age of consent remains at 16.

The new variant of COVID, JN.1, is spreading rapidly worldwide, and Colombia is no exception. During the week of December 16 to 22, 7,930 new cases and 80 deaths due to COVID were recorded, as reported by El Colombiano . Authorities in cities like Barranquilla have stated that they are on alert after the holiday season.

Former senator freed from prison

Former senator Arturo Char was freed from prison on Monday, January 8, after a judge in Santa Marta ordered his release due to the expiration of terms, as reported by El Tiempo . His defense argued that 120 days had passed without resolving his legal situation. The politician is under investigation for alleged electoral corruption.

Forest fires in Antioquia

During the Three Kings' holiday weekend, Antioquia recorded eight wildfires. The largest occurred on Cerro de la Cruz in Copacabana, affecting approximately 15 hectares, according to El Colombiano . Carlos Ríos Puerta, the general director of the Administrative Department of Disaster Risk Management in Antioquia, stated that a total of 24 wildfires have been reported so far in 2024, with 20 involving vegetation. He also stated that authorities are monitoring the situation to prevent the rekindling of fires.

Criminal network in Cartagena  

Authorities in Cartagena have dismantled an alleged criminal network accused of human trafficking. A German man and six Colombians are suspected of sexually exploiting underage and adult women and have been arrested. The network allegedly offered sex and drugs tourism packages to its clients, as reported by El Espectador.

Attempts to recover the Pan American Games  

Efforts to recover the 2027 Pan American Games have intensified following Panam Sports' announcement that it was withdrawing the venue from Barranquilla due to the lack of two payments from Colombia. It is expected that President Gustavo Petro will announce an action plan on Tuesday, January 9, according to El Espectador . Pan-American confederations from various sports have also sent a letter to Panam Sports requesting reconsideration of the decision.

The penalty for the offence of harassment under the old law ranged from 6 months to 5 years of imprisonment, accompanied by a fine that could reach up to 50,000 Egyptian pounds ($ 1,618), Egyptian Streets reports.

Under the amended provisions, the first paragraph of the article stipulates that individuals engaging in sexual or obscene insinuations in public or private spaces can face imprisonment for a minimum of two years and a maximum of four years. Alternatively, they may incur a fine ranging from a minimum of EGP100,000 ($3,233) to a maximum of EGP 200,000 ($6,466), or a combination of both penalties.

This comprises actions involving sexual or pornographic suggestions through gestures, words, or deeds, using various communication methods such as wired, wireless, electronic, or any other technological means.

The second paragraph of the article outlines a punishment of imprisonment for a period not less than three years and not exceeding five years, accompanied by a fine of no less than EGP 200,000 ($6,466) and not exceeding EGP 300,000 ($ 9,708)

These penalties may be applied if the offence occurs in the workplace, on public transportation, involves two or more individuals, if the perpetrator is carrying a weapon, or if the act is repeated through the pursuit and stalking of the victim. Where two or more aggravating circumstances are present, the minimum prison sentence becomes four years. In instances of recurrence, both imprisonment and fine penalties are doubled within their respective minimum and maximum limits.

Research conducted by UN Women in 2013 under the theme “Study on Ways and Methods to Eliminate Sexual Harassment in Egypt” concluded that “over 99.3 % of Egyptian girls and women surveyed reported experiencing some form of sexual harassment in their lifetime.” Further, “82.6 percent of the total female respondents did not feel safe or secure in the street. The percentage increased to 86.5 percent with regard to safety and security in public transportation.”

The Chairperson of the Commission, Joyce Mutinda told Nation that “on October 30, 2023, the technical working group was initiated and the adoption of the roadmap was done on November 6, 2023.” 

Mutinda, while giving timelines, added that “the next step is to hold the second and third meeting of the technical working group. Thereafter, the stakeholder will be called on January 15, 2024, and then adoption by Parliament and ratification by March 20, 2024.” 

The initiative forms part of President Ruto’s agenda to end all forms of sexual harassment at workplaces.

Convention 190 titled Violence and Harassment Convention, 2019 (No. 190) Ensures the protection of individuals in the realm of employment, encompassing employees as per national regulations, those working regardless of contractual status, individuals in training, including interns and apprentices, terminated employees, volunteers, job seekers, job applicants, and individuals performing the functions of an employer. 

This convention is applicable across all sectors, both private and public domains, operating within both formal and informal economies, and spanning urban and rural areas. While Convention 189 , Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) applies primarily to all domestic workers.

Judge Lily Rueda, speaking at a press conference, stated, "The court finds that acts of gender violence and prejudice occurred during the armed conflict when perpetrators abused the control afforded to them by weapons and the exercise of armed power to select victims and commit the crimes."

An initial analysis indicated that right-wing paramilitary groups were responsible for approximately 33% of these crimes, followed by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and members of the security forces. In 30% of cases, the perpetrator's group remained unidentified.

According to the tribunal, the majority of victims, nearly 90%, were women between 1957 and 2016, with 35% being children or adolescents at the time of the crimes.

The JEP's investigation will encompass gender-based violence against civilians perpetrated by FARC members and security personnel, including army and police members. It will also examine gender-based violence that occurred within the ranks of these groups.

The JEP was established as part of the 2016 peace agreement between the Colombian government and the demobilized FARC, marking the end of the rebel group's involvement in a conflict that claimed over 450,000 lives.

The tribunal's mandate includes prosecuting former FARC rebels and military leaders for alleged war crimes, with the authority to impose lighter sentences compared to the ordinary justice system.