The data estimates 3,693 missile and drone launches attributed to Iran targeting countries across the Gulf and Israel. The figures highlight the growing reach of Iran’s regional military posture and the uneven distribution of attacks among neighbouring states.

The United Arab Emirates recorded the highest number of launches, with 1,797 missiles and drones, accounting for 48.7% of the total. Analysts say this reflects the UAE’s strategic role in regional security dynamics and its involvement in conflicts where Iranian-backed forces have been active.

“The UAE was the country most affected by Iran's retaliatory attacks,” the data indicates.

Regional breakdown of launches

According to the dataset:

Iran’s growing reliance on drone warfare and missile technology is believed to have reshaped the strategic landscape in the Middle East . The use of relatively low-cost drones alongside ballistic and cruise missiles allows Tehran and allied groups to project power across long distances while maintaining a degree of deniability.

Many of the attacks counted in the data are believed to involve Iran-backed militias or proxy groups operating in conflict zones such as Yemen, Iraq and Syria.

Saudi Arabia and the UAE have previously reported repeated drone and missile interceptions, particularly linked to Houthi forces in Yemen, who Western governments say receive support and technology from Iran.

According to estimated figures cited by the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Kuwait have faced the highest number of Iranian missile or drone targets, followed by Qatar, Bahrain and Israel. The data reflects how the regional conflict increasingly involves countries hosting foreign military bases or strategic infrastructure.

The INSS estimates suggest that the UAE has been the most targeted country, with around 863 incidents, followed by Kuwait with 562.

Both countries host major US military facilities and play critical roles in regional logistics and defence cooperation. The UAE is home to Al Dhafra Air Base, which hosts US and allied forces, while Kuwait serves as a key staging hub for US operations in the Middle East.

According to The Guardian, Iran and its allies have increasingly relied on drones and ballistic missiles in recent years because they are cheaper, harder to intercept and capable of reaching targets across the region.

The INSS data also indicates that Qatar and Bahrain have experienced significant numbers of missile and drone targets, with 162 and 129 incidents, respectively.

Both countries host major US military installations. Qatar’s Al Udeid Air Base is the largest US military base in the Middle East, while Bahrain hosts the headquarters of the US Navy’s Fifth Fleet.

Because of their strategic importance, these locations are often viewed as potential targets during periods of regional escalation.

Israel is also listed among the countries affected, with an estimated 113 missile and drone targets.

The country has long been a central actor in regional tensions involving Iran and Iranian-backed groups. Iran has repeatedly denied directly targeting Israel in some incidents, while Israel has accused Tehran of orchestrating attacks through allied groups across the region.

Other neighbouring countries, including Jordan, Cyprus, Oman and Saudi Arabia, appear in the data with lower numbers of incidents.

Experts say unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become a defining feature of modern Middle Eastern conflicts.

According to Al Jazeera, Iran has significantly expanded its drone programme in recent years, developing systems capable of long-range strikes and supplying similar technology to allied groups across the region.

“Iran’s military strategy is derived from its political structure. Their political aim is to safeguard their own territorial integrity and stop foreign intervention targeted at overthrowing their rule,” a military specialist and former defence official, speaking to Al Jazeera on condition of anonymity, said .

These drones, including models such as the Shahed series, have been used in conflicts across the Middle East and beyond.

Analysts say the relatively low cost of drones compared with conventional missiles makes them attractive for asymmetric warfare.

This interest came sharply into focus just after Christmas, when a short statement appeared on the Israeli government’s website. In it, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu praised Somaliland for fighting terrorism and advancing regional peace and said he accepted its independent statehood. The announcement marked the latest and most controversial chapter in a long-running geopolitical contest over the Horn of Africa.

Two to one

To understand why so many powers are invested in Somaliland’s future, it is necessary to look back to the early twentieth century. What is now Somalia was once divided between two European colonial powers. The northwestern region, shaped like the head of a horse angled toward North Africa, was British Somaliland. The rest, stretching along the Indian Ocean coastline, was an Italian colony. The two territories were administered very differently. Britain was primarily concerned with supplying its naval base in Aden and took a limited interest in the development of British Somaliland. Italy, by contrast, pursued a more ambitious imperial project, establishing plantations and centralising governance in an effort to generate wealth.

In 1960, both territories gained independence and agreed to unite as the Somali Republic. But the new state faltered. A military coup in 1969 brought Siad Barre to power, ushering in a long dictatorship. When Barre was overthrown in 1991, the Somali state collapsed entirely. Amid the chaos, the former British Somaliland unilaterally declared independence. The move attracted little international attention at the time, as global efforts focused on preventing humanitarian catastrophes elsewhere in Somalia. Over the following decades, multinational interventions failed to stabilise the country, while piracy and militant groups, most notably al-Shabaab, flourished.

Since around 2012, however, conditions have improved somewhat. Somalia has re-emerged as a federal state, with Somaliland largely left to govern itself, and the neighbouring region of Puntland also enjoying significant autonomy from Mogadishu. Supporters of Somaliland argue that it has demonstrated political maturity through peaceful transfers of power and the development of its own legal and governmental institutions.

Israel's interest

Israel’s interest in Somaliland is not new. Contacts between the two date back several decades, perhaps driven by a shared sense of isolation. More significantly, Somaliland occupies a strategic position near the Bab el Mandeb strait, the narrow passage guarding the entrance to the Red Sea. This is one of the world’s most important shipping routes and one that could be disrupted with relative ease.

That geography has taken on heightened importance for Israel due to Iran’s presence across the strait in Yemen, where Tehran backs the Houthi movement. From Israel’s perspective, access to bases or partners in Somaliland would provide an opportunity to pressure the Houthis from the south as well as from Israeli territory itself.

The diplomatic push and pull extends far beyond Israel and Iran. The European Union, the African Union, and 21 Arab and African countries have condemned Israel’s move. Among them is Turkey, which has cultivated close security and commercial ties with the Somali government in Mogadishu and harbours its own regional ambitions. China has also voiced opposition, viewing the Horn of Africa as a critical node in its Belt and Road trade network. Beijing is deeply wary of secessionist movements, in part because of concerns about its own territorial integrity, and is sending its foreign minister to Somalia to signal support for the federal government.

But the United Arab Emirates stands out for its absence from the Arab condemnation. The UAE has recently been embroiled in a bitter split with Saudi Arabia over influence in the Gulf of Aden in Yemen. As it seeks to protect its investments and trade routes, tacit support for Somaliland could offer strategic advantages, particularly if the United States were to follow Israel’s lead in recognising the region. Saudi Arabia, by contrast, did sign the declaration opposing recognition.

The possibility of US involvement cannot be dismissed. Donald Trump has repeatedly expressed hostility toward Somalia, going out of his way to insult the country and its people. In that context, it is not difficult to imagine him backing a breakup of the Somali state.

Ethiopia also has a strong stake in the outcome. It is Africa’s second most populous country, yet it is landlocked. Any arrangement that recognised Somaliland in exchange for access to the coast would be highly attractive to Addis Ababa.

United States of the Horn of Africa

With so many countries involved, the implications of recognising Somaliland reach far beyond the Horn of Africa. Such a move would inevitably raise questions about other unrecognised or partially recognised territories, including Western Sahara, Kosovo, and perhaps most sensitively, Palestine.

Some scholars argue that the crisis could also be an opportunity. Writing for Global South World , Ethiopian academic Seifudein Adem has suggested a compromise in the form of a federation of Horn of Africa states, including Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Djibouti. He notes that tribal and clan relationships in the region often matter more than national affiliations, yet do not align neatly with existing borders. Whether the recognition of Somaliland would bring the United States of the Horn of Africa closer or push it further from reality remains an open question.

Click here to watch our previous episodes

World Reframed is produced in London by Global South World, part of the Impactum Group. Its editors are Duncan Hooper and Ismail Akwei.

ISSN 2978-4891

Somalia’s Immigration and Citizenship Agency stated that the alleged flight violated national sovereignty and aviation law , emphasising that foreign aircraft must obtain explicit legal clearance before operating over Somali territory. The agency warned that unilateral actions involving Somalia’s airspace would not be tolerated.

The dispute appears closely linked to tensions within the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen. Saudi Arabia has accused the UAE of helping Aidarus al-Zubaidi, leader of Yemen’s Southern Transitional Council (STC), travel without approval, allegedly via Somaliland and Somalia, before flying on to Abu Dhabi. Somalia has not named al-Zubaidi publicly, but the timing and details of its investigation align with the Saudi claims.

Saudi Arabia supports Yemen’s internationally recognised government, while the UAE backs the STC, which seeks autonomy for southern Yemen.

Somalia remains particularly sensitive to foreign activity involving Somaliland, the self-declared region that broke away in 1991 but lacks international recognition. Mogadishu fears such actions could undermine its territorial integrity and set precedents for external interference.

Saudi Arabia has been involved in Yemen’s conflict since 2015. The kingdom views Yemen as essential to its national security due to its shared border and proximity to key shipping routes. Riyadh also aims to block the influence of Iran-backed Houthi rebels.

Saudi Arabia supports Yemen’s internationally recognised government , now based in the south after losing the capital, Sanaa, to the Houthis.

The Southern Transitional Council (STC), on the other hand, is a UAE-backed group that seeks independence for southern Yemen, which existed as a separate state before unification in 1990.

Although Saudi Arabia and the UAE began as allies in the fight against the Houthis, their goals have since diverged. Riyadh supports a unified Yemeni state, while Abu Dhabi prefers to back local actors in the south to safeguard its interests in ports, trade routes, and regional influence.

Yemen is now divided between Iran-backed Houthis, UAE-backed separatists, and the Saudi-backed government. The conflict has evolved into a multi-sided power struggle.

The involvement of the United States and Israel has added to the complexity. The US has supported Saudi operations with weapons and intelligence, while Red Sea shipping disruptions and regional tensions have drawn Israel into the broader conflict.

Because of this, it has become a central focus for both the US and China in terms of economic and political influence. Prior to 2023, China gained the upper hand with its focus on non-intervention and economic collaboration, particularly through the Belt and Road programme. Following the war that erupted on October 7, China has engaged in the region much more actively, and its popularity has soared.

Since its founding, the People’s Republic of China has built its foreign policy on the “five principles of peaceful coexistence”. These principles, known as “mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence”, have been China’s “red lines” both during the Cold War and in subsequent years. China remained outside the bipolar system of the Cold War and opted for a “third way” by supporting the emergence of the Non-Aligned Movement at the Bandung Conference in 1955. Despite the entry into a period of détente in international politics in the 1970s, China’s approach to non-alignment with any polarisation persisted, leading the country to make “non-alliance” a state policy in 1982. 

A clean record

MENA countries were among the regions where China’s fundamental foreign policy principles were practically implemented. At the aforementioned Bandung Conference, China established contact with nationalist parties in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, which were under French rule at the time, as well as in independent Libya. These initial contacts exemplified the parties’ revolutionary and anti-colonial solidarity. In the Middle East, diplomatic relations between China and the Gulf countries, in particular, began with Iraq in 1958, followed by Iran and Kuwait (1971), Oman (1978), the United Arab Emirates (1984), Qatar (1988), Bahrain (1989) and Saudi Arabia (1990). As can be seen, these countries, having gained their independence from Western colonial rule, quickly established a rapprochement with China. 

Following the end of the Cold War, relations between China and the MENA region entered a period of further development. MENA countries viewed China as a power with which to cooperate because it lacked a history of colonialism, military intervention, or regime change in the region. China, on the other hand, aimed to establish multi-layered interaction with the region to realise its interests within the emerging international system. To this end, China proactively established the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in 2000, followed by the China–Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF) four years later. 

The Arab Spring, which began in Tunisia at the end of 2010 and then spread throughout MENA, initiated a transformational process whose effects would last for years. People living in MENA began protesting against the authoritarian regimes in their countries that had long deprived them of economic prosperity and fundamental rights and freedoms. This wave of uprisings created the potential to fundamentally reshape the region’s “political ecology”. While historically significant developments were taking place in MENA, China’s regional strategy was embodied in the Belt and Road Initiative, which funds infrastructure aimed at bolstering international economic links. For China, the region provided an opportunity to prioritise its economic and geostrategic interests and place less emphasis on political engagement. Despite the liberal ideals of the Arab Spring, the persistence of autocratic and nationalist regimes in the region has also presented a positive picture for China. Regimes in the region have prioritised economic growth and development over democratisation. This has opened the door for China to promote an alternative to the liberal order created by the West after 1945. 

Through the Belt and Road Initiative, China has established a successful method for achieving its desired goals. In exchange for energy agreements signed with MENA countries, which represent a strong option for meeting China’s need for energy resources such as oil and natural gas, China has built infrastructure and transportation projects in the region. These partnerships, which foster a win–win relationship between the parties, have significantly contributed to China’s interaction with the non-Western world. Unlike Western powers, which lost prestige in the region, particularly for their open support of opposition movements during the Arab Spring, China is perceived as a reliable actor by governments in MENA. Driven by this momentum, China signed strategic partnership agreements with Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait and Oman, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates between 2014 and 2018. Furthermore, in addition to striving to establish partnerships with MENA countries through bilateral relations and regional forums, China has also worked to mediate conflict resolution in the region. On 10 March 2023, Iran and Saudi Arabia, mediated by China, agreed to re-establish diplomatic relations. Bringing two strategic MENA actors, who had not had diplomatic contact since 2016, to the same table strengthened China’s prestige significantly. 

During this period, China presented a position in MENA radically different from the colonialism, use of military force, and conditional aid to achieve economic interests pursued by Western powers, particularly the US. China’s MENA strategy, particularly in the post-Arab Spring period, was based on a theoretical foundation of soft power and anti-colonialism. 

Change of approach

The events of 7 October, 2023 changed everything in the region and inevitably led to a shift in China’s approach connected to its long-standing support for Palestinian statehood. Since establishing the Special Representative for the Middle East in 2002, China has sought to host peace talks between Palestine and Israel and current Chinese President Xi Jinping has presented draft peace plans to the parties at various times. In these draft peace plans, China emphasised the importance of global recognition of the State of Palestine, the continuation of negotiations between Palestine and Israel, and the role of the international community in guaranteeing Palestinian sovereignty. These proposals were also included in the Arab Policy Paper published by China in 2016. 

Chinese officials have visited MENA to meet with all stakeholders in the region, particularly Hamas and Israel. As a result of these visits, an important mediation activity was carried out by bringing together the two major Palestinian groups, Fatah and Hamas, in Beijing in April 2024. Thus, in the face of the unconditional military support for Israel from the US and European powers, China has maintained its diplomatic stance. Even during the crisis, China has maintained its foreign policy of avoiding direct involvement in conflicts, maintaining political neutrality, and acting with caution. With these steps, which differentiate it from Western powers, China has assumed the role of a mediator seeking regional security and stability. China aims to end the regional crisis through an approach that emphasises a “two-state solution” and the role of regional organisations. 

That approach is bearing fruit, as results from the Arab Barometer reveal, although the challenge for China will be adapting to its new position in the world order on issues less binary than the conflict in Gaza.

The opinions and thoughts expressed in this article reflect only the author's views. This essay is based on research featured in the paper Perceptions of China in the Middle East and North Africa: an analysis in the context of Israel’s war on Gaza published in Third World Quarterly.

On 6 December 2025, the government of Daniel Noboa formalised a new International Treaty for the Promotion and Protection of Investments with the United Arab Emirates, aiming to open the door to foreign capital and strengthen economic ties. The agreement promises to channel resources into strategic sectors in Ecuador infrastructure, renewable energy, agroindustry, logistics, digital economy, tourism and responsible mining. The government frames this as a clear signal that Ecuador is ready to become a stable, competitive partner for long-term investment. Alongside the treaty, memorandums on anti-corruption cooperation and a technology innovation corridor were signed, indicating a broader push towards economic modernisation.

Vice-Presidency expanded, now also takes on Ministry of Health amid crisis

The office of the Vice-President, currently led by María José Pinto, has undergone a significant restructuring: staff numbers have nearly doubled, new functions have been added, and – in a surprising move – the Vice-Presidency now also oversees the Ministry of Health. This reflects the government’s decision to entrust Pinto with leading health policy amid one of the worse hospital crises in recent memory — hospitals suffering supply shortages, unpaid private providers and scarce medicines. The expanded remit also incorporates social-policy areas such as childhood development, mental health, education and adolescent pregnancy prevention. he change signals an attempt to centralise and strengthen health and social governance under a consolidated institutional roof.

President Noboa set to host binational summit with Peru focusing on transnational crime

Ecuador will host the next edition of the binational summit with Peru on 12 December 2025, with Daniel Noboa as host. The main agenda point will be the joint fight against transnational organised crime, including narcotics trafficking, human smuggling and cross-border criminal networks. The summit reflects a renewed commitment from both countries to collaborate on security, border controls, environmental protection, cross-border water-management and shared infrastructure projects. A new Presidential Declaration and Action Plan — the “Quito 2025 Plan” — will be signed to formalise the cooperation for 2025–2026. The summit underscores how the transnational crime challenge remains a high priority for the Ecuadorian government.

Artificial Intelligence to become mandatory in national school curriculum under new education reform

A legislative proposal presented on 5 December 2025 aims to include Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a compulsory component in Ecuador’s national curriculum, covering from initial education to high school. The plan seeks to equip future generations with digital and technological skills deemed essential for the rapidly changing economic and social landscape. The measure reflects the government’s ambition to integrate innovation and modern educational standards, preparing students for jobs in technology-driven sectors. If approved, Ecuador would position itself among the few countries in Latin America to institutionalise AI education at all school levels.

Insulin shortage deepens nationwide health crisis, threatening diabetic patients

Ecuador faces a critical shortage of insulin and other essential medicines, a situation that has severely affected diabetic patients across the country. Leading voices such as Aquiles Álvarez have accused authorities of blocking insulin supplies at a standard price (USD 5.28), while official procurement processes were paused or delayed. The situation highlights long-standing structural problems in the national health supply chain, especially concerning access to vital medicines. For thousands of Ecuadorians dependent on insulin, the shortage is a matter of life and death, exacerbating existing inequalities in health access.

The UAE has announced a $1 billion commitment to strengthen Yemen’s fragile electricity infrastructure. The investment covers solar, wind, and oil-fired power plants, aiming to ease Yemen’s chronic energy shortages and bolster its wider economic recovery. This move aligns with the UAE’s expanding regional development initiatives, reinforcing its role as a key partner in Yemen’s stabilisation efforts.

UAE approves National Encryption Policy, issues executive regulation

The UAE has approved a landmark National Encryption Policy that will transition government entities toward post-quantum cryptography , preparing national digital infrastructure for the age of quantum computing. The Cybersecurity Council will oversee the policy’s rollout and ensure adherence to new encryption standards. This positions the UAE as an early adopter of advanced cybersecurity protocols at a global level.

Dubai to double media sector’s contribution to GDP by 2033

Dubai has set an ambitious objective to double its media sector’s GDP contribution from 1.4% to 3% within less than a decade. The strategy focuses on digital transformation, enhanced innovation ecosystems, and structured support for young media talent. The initiative aims to reinforce Dubai’s identity as a powerful global media hub amid rising content creation markets worldwide.

UAE Ministry launches TM Market Place to transform trademark trading

The Ministry of Economy and Tourism has launched TM Market Place, the UAE’s first fully digital platform dedicated to buying and trading trademarks. The marketplace is designed to modernise the UAE’s intellectual property landscape while attracting major global brands to the region. By expanding access to trademark trading, the platform seeks to strengthen the UAE’s competitiveness in global commerce.

According to the head of the aid team, the convoy carried more than 195 tonnes of shelter materials, including 2,250 tents. He said the assistance aims to address the conditions faced by Gazans amid recent cold weather and rainfall, which have increased the need for emergency shelter.

The UAE launched the relief mission in November 2023 under the direction of President Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. Since the start of the conflict between Hamas and Israel , the initiative has provided continuous humanitarian support to Palestinians in the Gaza Strip.

The increase in bilateral trade, growing Emirati investments in sectors such as energy, transport, and manufacturing, and the establishment of new institutional linkages—such as business councils—underscore that this partnership extends beyond traditional bilateral relations; it represents the emergence of a collaborative growth corridor. By aligning Tanzania’s ambitions for industrialisation and economic integration with the UAE’s vision to broaden its influence across Africa, both countries are constructing not only stronger bilateral ties but also a strategic route that connects markets, creates opportunities, and anchors prosperity across regions. Notably, this corridor—one of the oldest in the region—is re-emerging with renewed strength and significance, set to play a pivotal role in global trade flows.

BACKGROUND 

During the 7th century, the Indian Ocean trade expanded significantly following the spread of Islam. Experienced Arab seafarers from Oman, Yemen, and the Persian Gulf efficiently utilised the predictable monsoon winds to establish regular maritime routes to the East African coast.

The northeast monsoon (December–March) enabled ships to travel from Arabia to East Africa, while the southwest monsoon (April–September) facilitated their return. This reliable wind pattern supported consistent, biannual maritime commerce.

Consequently, Tanzania’s coastline—including Zanzibar and the key ports of Kilwa, Mafia, and Bagamoyo—became a central hub for trade in commodities such as ivory, tortoise shell, and rhinoceros horn. Many Arab traders established permanent settlements, founding trading towns that contributed to the region’s commercial development.

Archaeological evidence, such as mosques and stone structures in locations like Shanga on the Lamu archipelago, attests to the presence of established trading communities as early as the 8th century, underscoring the historical depth of regional commerce.

These coastal settlements evolved into cosmopolitan centres where Arab, Persian, Indian, and African traders interacted extensively. Intermarriage between Arab merchants and Bantu-speaking communities facilitated cultural integration, laying the foundation for the development of Swahili identity.

By the 10th century, a distinct society had emerged, Muslim in religion, commercially oriented, and closely connected to the coastal environment.

The Swahili language developed during this period, combining a Bantu linguistic structure with significant Arabic vocabulary, particularly in the domains of religion, commerce, and governance. The adoption of Islam began gradually, initially among coastal elites and traders.

By the 9th century, mosques were established along the Tanzanian coast, signifying both a permanent Arab presence and the increasing adoption of Islamic practices.

Conversion to Islam enabled local rulers to form strategic alliances with Arab and Persian merchants. By the 10th century, East Africa, including Tanzania, was firmly integrated into the broader Islamic world economy.

Arab geographers, such as Al-Masudi in the 10th century and Al-Idrisi in the 12th century, documented the East African coast, which they referred to as the Zanj Coast. Commodities from Tanzania were exported to distant markets in Baghdad, Cairo, and other regions, while Arabian textiles, glassware, and ceramics were imported into East Africa.

U.A.E

Situated at the intersection of Asia, Europe, and Africa, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) possesses a significant geographic advantage, which facilitates its emergence as a major hub for transhipment and global connectivity. ( Middle East Briefing )

A substantial proportion of the global population is accessible within a short flight from UAE transport hubs, further reinforcing the nation’s role as a critical transit node. 

Recognising logistics, shipping, and aviation as foundational pillars of its post-oil diversification strategy, the UAE views investment in ports and airports not merely as infrastructure development, but as a strategic means to capture value throughout international supply chains. 

Through active participation and control in overseas port and airport operations, UAE-based companies can extend their influence, secure critical trade routes, and generate returns that transcend domestic boundaries. Some analysts have described this expansion, particularly in Africa and other regions, as a form of 'sub-imperial' outreach. 

Major port operators include DP World, AD Ports Group, and other key stakeholders.

DP World, headquartered in Dubai, is recognised as a global leader in port and terminal operations, managing facilities in numerous countries and handling a significant proportion of global container traffic. AD Ports Group, based in Abu Dhabi, oversees a diverse portfolio of ports, maritime and logistics services, free zones, and industrial parks. Its expanding network includes Khalifa Port and overseas operations such as concessions in Pointe Noire and Luanda, Angola. 

These state-backed or state-affiliated entities function as extensions of the UAE’s infrastructure diplomacy and commercial influence. 

The UAE is making substantial investments in domestic airport infrastructure, exemplified by the development of Al Maktoum International Airport (DWC)—a $35 billion project aimed at establishing the airport as a premier global aviation hub. 

Sharjah International Airport has similarly undergone terminal expansions to support increased capacity and connectivity. 

In April 2024, approval was granted for a major terminal expansion at Al Maktoum International Airport, featuring 400 gates and multiple runways, with the long-term objective of consolidating all of Dubai’s air traffic at this site. 

These targeted investments are designed to enhance capacity, increase connectivity, and reinforce the UAE’s position as a leading global transit and logistics hub. 

The UAE offers a stable and predictable legal and regulatory framework, which fosters investor confidence and facilitates international business operations. 

Numerous free zones across the UAE offer favourable conditions, including full foreign ownership, tax incentives, exemption from customs duties for specific trade activities, and streamlined capital repatriation processes. 

To strengthen legal protections and facilitate cross-border investment, the UAE has entered into multiple Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAs), Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), and Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreements (CEPAs). 

The UAE integrated ports, airports, logistics zones, free zones, industrial parks, digital platforms, and customs systems to form a cohesive logistics ecosystem. For example, AD Ports utilises advanced digital platforms such as Maqta Gateway and ATLP to synchronise trade and logistics flows across maritime, land, air, and free zone domains. 

Continuous investment in digital infrastructure, innovative technologies, and trade facilitation measures enables the UAE to reduce operational friction and handling times. 

Many organisations benefit from tax exemptions or reductions, particularly within free zones, as well as the absence of personal income tax factors which increases the attractiveness of business operations and profitability. 

The government also offers favourable concessions and tenders for the development and management of strategic assets, such as ports and terminals, often through long-term agreements with international partners. 

These investments yield direct returns through fees, tariffs, and handling services, while also capturing value across the supply chain—including logistics, warehousing, and trade-related services.

Such activities contribute to the growth of non-oil sectors, thereby supporting the UAE’s broader economic diversification objectives.

Ownership or operation of key overseas infrastructure enables the UAE to strengthen trade corridors, forge strategic alliances, and enhance its leverage in partner nations. 

The UAE’s presence in Africa is particularly notable, with UAE-linked operators managing ports and airports across East, West, and Central Africa, thereby expanding the country’s strategic footprint. 

The UAE’s logistics hubs have become increasingly attractive to airlines, shipping companies, logistics providers, and trade flows, fostering a virtuous cycle of connectivity, traffic growth, and further investment.

As infrastructure capacity expands, the marginal cost associated with additional traffic declines, thereby improving the efficiency of transit through the UAE. Overcapacity risk arises if projected traffic and usage levels do not materialise, potentially resulting in the underutilization of costly infrastructure assets.

Geopolitical and sovereignty challenges are inherent in operating infrastructure within foreign jurisdictions, as these activities may be affected by policy shifts, local political dynamics, or disputes regarding operational control.

Regulatory complexity and coordination challenges arise from the need to operate across multiple jurisdictions, free zones, regulatory regimes, customs systems, and legal frameworks, thereby increasing administrative friction and risk.

Competition remains strong, as other global logistics hubs—including Singapore, Rotterdam, and Malaysia—are also actively enhancing their infrastructure and capabilities.

The UAE is expected to further expand its global infrastructure portfolio, particularly across Africa, to support emerging trade corridors and logistics networks.

Greater integration with emerging trade corridors—such as those linking Africa and Asia will further enhance the UAE’s status as a global logistics hub.

Sustainability and green logistics are expected to become increasingly central, with a focus on reducing emissions, adopting smart port technologies, electrification, and utilising clean energy in operations.

Ongoing digital transformation—incorporating automation, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things—will continue to drive efficiency gains and cost reductions.

TANZANIA

Tanzania shares borders with several landlocked countries, including Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, and Malawi. By improving its infrastructure, Tanzania can facilitate the movement of goods to and from these neighbouring markets, enhancing regional trade integration. Additionally, Tanzania’s Indian Ocean coastline provides inland nations with essential maritime access to global trade networks.

If effectively leveraged, Tanzania could serve as a vital transit corridor for a substantial regional market. Analysts often cite a catchment area exceeding 200 million people in East and Central Africa as an immediate opportunity. With successful regional integration, Tanzania has the potential to function as a primary entry point to a combined market of 300–500 million people across East, Central, and Southern Africa.

Tanzania is assuming a central role in facilitating intraregional trade, with Dar es Salaam surpassing Nairobi in trade volume among East African Community (EAC) countries.

Furthermore, the country continues to improve its macroeconomic stability and business environment , making it increasingly attractive to foreign exporters and investors. Consequently, Tanzania’s geographic position, combined with progressive policy measures, provides a robust foundation for its aspirations to become a regional trade hub.

The Port of Dar es Salaam handles approximately 95% of Tanzania’s international trade and provides services to neighbouring landlocked countries.

Plans are underway to modernise the port by deepening berths, expanding terminals, upgrading cargo handling processes, and implementing advanced digital systems.

The long-anticipated Bagamoyo Port project aims to alleviate congestion in Dar es Salaam and establish a significant new logistics hub, complete with a planned industrial zone. Bagamoyo Port is projected to handle up to 20 million TEUs by 2045, positioning it as a significant regional logistics centre. 

Enhancing maritime connectivity will be essential for accommodating larger container vessels, improving turnaround times, and reducing operational costs.

Corridor development initiatives are underway to integrate mines with rail networks, rail with ports, and ports with international shipping routes.

The effectiveness of the rail system will depend on the development of feeder networks, efficient intermodal transfer points, and harmonised customs and cargo handling procedures.

Tanzania boasts one of the most extensive road networks in East Africa, comprising trunk and regional roads that total approximately 86,472 kilometres.  The construction and improvement of road infrastructure can facilitate the integration of rural and interior regions with coastal and cross-border trade nodes. The Kigongo–Busisi Bridge, spanning the Gulf of Mwanza and measuring approximately 3.2 kilometres in length, represents a significant infrastructure development that has substantially reduced ferry crossing times.

Several border regions, such as Mbeya and Songwe, are emerging as critical trade hubs facilitating integration with the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and neighbouring countries.

Nonetheless, challenges persist, including road maintenance, capacity limitations, weighbridge bottlenecks, customs delays, and inefficient inspection processes.

Customs and trade facilitation processes must be enhanced and harmonised with neighbouring states to reduce delays and promote efficient cross-border trade.

Robust legal and regulatory frameworks, transparent contracting, effective public-private partnerships (PPPs), comprehensive risk mitigation, and sustained political stability are essential for successful infrastructure development. The government has explicitly prioritised infrastructure support in its national investment and development plans.

Successful implementation of these infrastructure and institutional reforms could yield transformative impacts for Tanzania:

Lower Logistics Costs: Enhanced infrastructure can significantly decrease transport and trade costs, positioning Tanzanian routes as more cost-effective alternatives within the region.

Economic Diversification: Improved access will enable the scaling of agricultural zones, mining operations, and manufacturing, fostering value addition beyond the export of raw materials.

Regional Integration and Dominance: Tanzania can establish itself as the backbone of trade for East, Central, and Southern Africa, extending its influence beyond local markets.

Current U.A.E-Tanzania 

Tanzania and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) formally established a diplomatic relationship. Since then, the UAE has maintained an embassy in Dar es Salaam (since around 2011), while Tanzania opened its embassy in Abu Dhabi in 2002.

Over the decades, bilateral relations have remained cordial, steadily progressing from basic diplomatic engagement to more robust economic and sectoral cooperation. 

In December 2024, the two countries marked 50 years of diplomatic ties and held their first high-level political and diplomatic consultations to review past cooperation and set new priorities 

These longstanding foundations provide both political legitimacy and continuity for the evolving partnership.

Trade between Tanzania and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has shown consistent and robust growth, highlighting the significance of economic ties between the two nations. In 2022, non-oil trade exchanges reached approximately USD 2.5 billion, reflecting an expanding commercial partnership. By 2023, Tanzania’s imports from the UAE totalled around USD 1.42 billion, with mineral fuels and oils (about USD 1.08 billion) leading the import categories, followed by plastics, machinery, electronics, and vehicle parts. On the export side, Tanzania supplied goods valued at approximately USD 686.4 million to the UAE in 2023.

A notable subset of this relationship is the trade between Dubai and Tanzania, which grew by about 9% year-on-year in 2023, reaching AED 9.8 billion. By September 2024, around 274 Tanzanian companies were registered with the Dubai Chamber of Commerce, indicating deepening business ties. To further strengthen cooperation, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between Dubai Chambers and the Tanzania Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture, aimed at promoting collaboration through trade missions, information exchange, and private-sector linkages.

These developments underscore that trade remains a cornerstone of the bilateral relationship, positioning the UAE as a key trading partner for Tanzania.

Trade between Tanzania and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has shown consistent and robust growth, highlighting the significance of economic ties between the two nations. In 2022, non-oil trade exchanges reached approximately USD 2.5 billion, reflecting an expanding commercial partnership. By 2023, Tanzania’s imports from the UAE totalled around USD 1.42 billion, with mineral fuels and oils (about USD 1.08 billion) leading the import categories, followed by plastics, machinery, electronics, and vehicle parts. On the export side, Tanzania supplied goods valued at approximately USD 686.4 million to the UAE in 2023.

A notable subset of this relationship is the trade between Dubai and Tanzania, which grew by about 9% year-on-year in 2023, reaching AED 9.8 billion. By September 2024, around 274 Tanzanian companies were registered with the Dubai Chamber of Commerce, indicating deepening business ties. To further strengthen cooperation, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between Dubai Chambers and the Tanzania Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture, aimed at promoting collaboration through trade missions, information exchange, and private-sector linkages.

These developments underscore that trade remains a cornerstone of the bilateral relationship, positioning the UAE as a key trading partner for Tanzania.

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has emerged as a significant investor in Tanzania, with a particular focus on sectors including mining, energy, logistics, manufacturing, and infrastructure. 

A notable example is the high-profile port management agreement with DP World, a Dubai-based company. In 2023, the Tanzanian parliament approved a 30-year contract for DP World to manage four berths at the Port of Dar es Salaam, with performance reviews scheduled every five years.

The Tanzanian government initiated the deal as a strategic initiative to enhance port efficiency, increase throughput, and strengthen connections to regional trade corridors.

 In 2024, GSG Energies, a UAE-based firm, announced a planned investment of USD 500 million in Tanzania across sectors such as transport, mining, manufacturing, and petroleum distribution. This investment is projected to generate over 3,000 jobs over a five-year period. The UAE and Tanzania have also formalised their partnership through cooperation agreements in customs, mining investment, and the establishment of a joint UAE–Tanzania Business Council aimed at deepening private sector collaboration.

In 2022, both countries signed an Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation (ADT), designed to facilitate cross-border investment, reduce tax uncertainty, and prevent double taxation of income in both jurisdictions.

Collectively, these agreements and investments reflect a clear intent to institutionalise and expand investment flows beyond isolated projects.

In addition to formal agreements, trade missions are regularly organised to foster business linkages. For instance, in December 2024, the Dubai International Chamber conducted a trade mission to Dar es Salaam, facilitating 408 business meetings between Dubai and Tanzanian firms. The DUBUY digital platform, launched by DP World in the UAE, further supports commercial engagement by facilitating connections between businesses in the UAE and Africa, including Tanzania.

Reflecting this evolving partnership, Tanzania’s economic diplomacy under President Samia Suluhu Hassan has prioritised opening trade with new partners and leveraging international collaborations, with the UAE frequently identified as a central pillar of this strategy. The Tanzanian Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture (TCCIA) has also signed memoranda of understanding with UAE counterparts to establish frameworks for collaboration, business councils, and joint ventures.

High-level political gestures have further reinforced the bilateral relationship. In 2025, President Samia Suluhu Hassan of Tanzania was awarded the UAE’s Order of the Mother of the Nation by the UAE President, symbolising diplomatic goodwill and alignment between the two nations.

During high-level visits, both countries have emphasised their ambitions to expand cooperation in diverse areas such as trade, investment, energy, logistics, infrastructure, agriculture, and climate response. Both countries have reaffirmed their commitment to broadening bilateral cooperation and strengthening engagement in multilateral forums. On regional and continental issues, Tanzania and the UAE occasionally coordinate or support shared frameworks addressing climate change, trade blocs, and infrastructure connectivity. 

In essence, the political relationship between Tanzania and the UAE remains largely amicable and cooperative, with intermittent friction arising from significant agreements.

Future of U.A.E- Tanzania 

For the UAE–Tanzania corridor to operate effectively, Tanzania is actively upgrading its infrastructure—including railways, roads, and ports—to accommodate increased throughput and support deeper integration.

In 2024, Tanzania inaugurated a USD 3.1 billion standard gauge railway spanning 541 kilometres between Dar es Salaam, the commercial capital, and Dodoma, the administrative capital. This initiative strengthens internal logistics and enhances connectivity between inland regions and the coast. Ongoing and planned expansions of internal railway lines—including connections to Mwanza and Kigoma—aim to link mineral-rich regions and landlocked neighbouring countries with Tanzania’s coastal ports. Regional rail link initiatives, such as the proposed Tanzania–Burundi standard gauge line, are expected to further extend Tanzania’s rail network, providing inland regions with direct access to the country’s ports.

The Mtwara Development Corridor project seeks to connect southern Tanzania with adjacent regions through integrated road, rail, and waterway access originating from Mtwara Port. The planned expansion of Bagamoyo Port aspires to establish it as a major new regional port in East Africa, with a projected capacity of 20 million TEUs by 2045.

These infrastructure developments are essential for the corridor’s effectiveness, creating reliable and efficient routes from production areas in the interior to export gateways along the coast.

Beyond economic considerations, the UAE–Tanzania corridor is shaped by strategic, political, and regional competitive dynamics. The UAE’s East Africa strategy encompasses a geopolitical dimension, seeking to strengthen influence along the Red Sea and Indian Ocean flanks, counterbalance other global powers, secure critical maritime routes, and more closely integrate Africa with Gulf-based logistics networks. More broadly, the UAE aims to position itself as a primary interface between African markets and global supply chains, leveraging its advanced logistics, port operations, and financial hubs. The UAE’s increasing involvement in Africa’s infrastructure sector—including ports, railways, and logistics—is integral to its broader foreign direct investment and influence strategy. The conferral of the “Mother of the Nation Order” by the UAE to Tanzanian President Samia Suluhu Hassan in 2025 underscores symbolic ties and high-level recognition between the two countries. Additionally, the Tanzanian Prime Minister’s visit to Abu Dhabi in mid-2025 served to deepen diplomatic, trade, and bilateral cooperation ties.

Consequently, the process of corridor development is not merely transactional; it carries substantial political significance and is informed by long-term strategic considerations.

While the vision for the corridor is promising, several significant challenges must be addressed:

Return on Investment and Commercial Viability: Large-scale infrastructure projects necessitate sustained demand, meticulous planning, and robust governance, as corridor investments often entail significant capital risk.

Coordination and Institutional Capacity: Successful corridor development requires effective alignment among multiple agencies—such as ports, customs authorities, railways, and local governments—as operational bottlenecks may impede progress.

Competition and Regional Alternatives: Competing corridors, such as those via Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia, also vie for trade flows. The UAE–Tanzania corridor must deliver superior efficiency, reliability, and cost competitiveness to attract and retain traffic.

Sustainability and Social Impact: It is critical to ensure that corridor growth benefits local communities, prevents displacement, and aligns with established environmental and social safeguards to maintain legitimacy.

Taken together, these elements reveal a transformative trajectory:

1. Anchor relationships & trust

The diplomatic and institutional foundations established between the UAE and Tanzania provide legitimacy and continuity to the corridor’s development.

2. Trade and investment deepening

Increasing trade volumes, memoranda of understanding, business councils, and direct investments by UAE firms in Tanzania indicate a shift from a traditional supplier–consumer dynamic to one of co-development and co-investment.

3. Infrastructure & logistics integration

Ports, logistics hubs, and internal connectivity infrastructure are being constructed or expanded, with UAE logistics companies positioning themselves as key operators within this growing network.

4. Regional reach

Tanzania’s role extends beyond bilateral trade with the UAE; it is positioned to serve as a gateway to East and Central Africa. The corridor concept envisions Tanzania’s interior and neighbouring markets integrating with the UAE through maritime, air, and rail connections.

5. Strategic positioning

The corridor is both economic and geopolitical in nature, as the UAE views Tanzania as a stable node at the Indian Ocean–East Africa interface, anchoring its strategy as a bridge between Africa, the Gulf, and the wider Indian Ocean region.

6. Growth trajectory ahead

If current momentum is sustained—with infrastructure projects completed, regulatory frameworks streamlined, and investments maintained—the UAE–Tanzania corridor could emerge as one of the most prominent trade and investment axes linking the Gulf and East Africa.

The opinions and thoughts expressed in this article reflect only the author's views.

Dean Tavakoli is an analyst and a senior executive who possesses over a decade of extensive global quantitative investment experience. He is the CEO of Sea Enerji, a petrochemical trading company based in Turkey and has also served as a strategic advisor for the Middle East Oil and Gas.

Botswana has declared September 29 a public holiday to celebrate its men’s 4x400m relay team’s historic gold medal at the World Athletics Championships in Tokyo. The victory marks the first time an African nation has ever won the event. President Duma Boko hailed the team’s triumph over 10-time champions USA as “electric” and a symbol of Botswana’s growing global stature. The country also achieved its best-ever championship finish, ranking fifth overall with four medals.

UAE sends aid as Botswana faces health crisis

The United Arab Emirates has delivered 91 tonnes of medicines and medical supplies to Botswana, offering urgent relief as the country struggles with a nationwide health emergency. The shipment arrived Sunday and was hailed by Botswana’s Health Ministry as critical support amid severe shortages that have forced hospitals to delay non-urgent surgeries. President Duma Boko declared a national health emergency last month after a breakdown in the Central Medical Stores disrupted access to treatments for chronic and life-threatening conditions. 

Botswana launches sovereign wealth fund to spur growth, jobs

Botswana has unveiled a new sovereign wealth fund aimed at diversifying the economy, creating jobs, and improving management of state-owned companies. The move comes as the country struggles with a prolonged diamond market downturn that has drained the central bank-managed Pula Fund, traditionally used to stabilize finances. Board chair Farouk Gumel said the new fund will focus on growth, investing in both cash assets and state enterprises. Deputy chair Emma Peloetletse stressed that only returns — not capital — will be used. Officials say the fund may invest abroad as well as domestically to boost performance and reduce reliance on diamonds.

UN expert calls on Botswana to act against indigenous marginalization

A United Nations special rapporteur has urged Botswana to adopt a clear strategy and dedicated budget to address the marginalization of indigenous peoples. Following a 12-day visit to 12 cities and meetings with President Duma Boko and community representatives, Albert Barume reported that groups like the San face exclusion from public services, cultural erosion, and discrimination, particularly in schools. The report recommends constitutional recognition of indigenous status and greater public education to combat stigma. Botswana recently ratified ILO Convention 169, and the government has formed an inter-ministerial committee to address these issues. 

Acting president Gaolathe warns students against financial crimes

Acting president Ndaba Nkosinathi Gaolathe has urged students to steer clear of financial crimes , warning that offenses like money laundering and fraud threaten Botswana’s economy and international standing. Speaking at the Financial Intelligence Agency’s 10km walk in Francistown on September 20, he stressed that blacklisting for financial misconduct can cripple access to loans, trade, and business growth. Gaolathe praised the FIA’s outreach, calling on youth to champion integrity and help protect Botswana’s economy by rejecting illegal financial activities and fostering a culture of responsibility.

The permit was formally presented to Zhao Deli, founder of XPENG AEROHT, who praised the UAE’s “open innovation environment” as an ideal testbed for validating flying car technology.

UAE officials say they envision a strategic use of the vehicle to transform public services, including government transport, that is, fast, flexible mobility for official delegations and inter-emirate travel; tourism, offering visitors scenic aerial experiences that merge luxury with futuristic tech; and emergency rescue, rapid deployment in medical evacuations or disaster response, especially in hard-to-reach areas.

At the event, they signed a memorandum of understanding with XPENG AEROHT to collaborate on flight testing certification and real-world applications.

“This partnership enhances the UAE’s global position in smart mobility and low-carbon transport. It also serves as a demonstration for the wider Middle East,” said Esmaeel Al Blooshi, the director general of the Ras Al Khaimah Transport Authority.

Though at the testing and demo phase, the flying car is a fully electric aircraft designed for urban use with key features including an intelligent large display and single-stick control system; automatic and manual modes for ease of operation; an advanced flight control system to boost safety; low noise levels; and an environmentally friendly design.

Seven countries do not identify as democracies: Afghanistan, Brunei, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Vatican City.

The non-democratic nations explained

According to Freedom House , 2024 marked the 19th consecutive year of decline in global freedom, with more countries sliding toward authoritarianism than toward democracy. Similarly, the Economist Intelligence Unit’s Democracy Index now classifies 60 regimes as authoritarian, underscoring the rise of authoritarian regimes in 2024.

According to data visualised by The World in Maps, four countries: Denmark, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Gambia, and Equatorial Guinea, have their capital cities situated off the mainland.

Denmark (Copenhagen)

Though Denmark is part of continental Europe, its capital Copenhagen lies on the island of Zealand , not on the Jutland Peninsula (mainland Denmark). Historically, Copenhagen became the center of Danish power due to its strategic maritime location, serving as a trading and political hub as far back as the 15th century. The city is connected to Sweden via the Øresund Bridge and remains a global leader in urban innovation and green development.

United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi)

In the UAE, Abu Dhabi is located on an island in the Persian Gulf , just off the mainland coast. While it’s connected to the mainland by bridges and causeways, its insular position was originally chosen for defense purposes and access to pearl diving routes. Today, Abu Dhabi is not only the political capital but also a global financial center and a cultural hotspot, home to the Louvre Abu Dhabi and Formula 1’s Yas Marina Circuit.

Gambia (Banjul)

Tiny Banjul, the capital of Gambia, is situated on  St. Mary’s Island (Banjul Island) where the Gambia River meets the Atlantic Ocean. The capital’s location was chosen by the British in the 19th century for its strategic and commercial advantages. Despite its small size, Banjul remains the administrative and economic nerve center of the country, even as many Gambians live in nearby mainland cities like Serrekunda.

Equatorial Guinea (Malabo)

Malabo, the capital of Equatorial Guinea, is located on  Bioko Island , far from the mainland region of Río Muni. Formerly known as Santa Isabel under Spanish rule, the city is rich in colonial history. Interestingly, the government is in the process of relocating many administrative functions to Ciudad de la Paz (formerly Oyala) on the mainland, but Malabo remains the constitutional capital as of 2025.

The fallout began after a deadly February 2024 attack on Mogadishu’s General Gordan military base, which killed four senior Emirati officers, including former intelligence chief Mahad Salad and Prime Minister Hamza Abdi Barre. While some changes were made, Villa Somalia rejected broader demands, accusing the UAE of unacceptable interference and backing opposition-aligned regional leaders in Puntland and Jubaland.

In response, Abu Dhabi has reportedly shifted to covert political engagement, including financing opposition figures and planning high-level meetings aimed at forming a united anti-government front.

President Mohamud’s administration has begun military restructuring, reappointed Mahad Salad to lead the intelligence agency, and sought closer ties with Saudi Arabia and other Gulf allies as a counterbalance.

With national elections looming, officials in Mogadishu warn that the UAE’s actions now amount to direct interference designed to destabilize the federal government.

Australia’s Stuart Highway

Stretching across the heart of the Australian Outback, sections of the Stuart Highway in the Northern Territory were once famously limitless—and although a 130 km/h (81 mph) cap has been reinstated in most areas, the road remains one of the fastest legal highways in the Southern Hemisphere. It's straight, open stretches invite long-distance driving with minimal traffic.

United States – Texas State Highway 130

In the U.S., Texas State Highway 130 holds the crown for the highest posted speed limit: 85 mph (137 km/h). This toll road bypasses the congestion of Austin and showcases America ’s flirtation with higher speed limits in select corridors. It's a rare taste of speed freedom in a country otherwise known for its strict enforcement.

United Arab Emirates – Sheikh Zayed Road

In the UAE, Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai not only dazzles with its futuristic skyline but also hosts one of the highest speed limits in the Middle East —140 km/h (87 mph). With multi-lane highways and state-of-the-art road systems, the UAE offers a high-speed driving experience surrounded by cutting-edge infrastructure.

Speed meets engineering

These roads aren't just about going fast—they’re designed for high performance. From intelligent road sensors to strict vehicle inspections and rigorous driver rules, they embody how technology, regulation, and infrastructure can safely coexist with speed.

Kazakhstan is experiencing growing interest in ecotourism, with visitor numbers rising from 2 million in 2022 to 2.8 million in 2024 —a 40% increase, according to the Ministry of Tourism and Sports. Popular national parks near Almaty, including Ile-Alatau, Charyn, Altyn-Emel, and Kolsai Lakes, continue to attract visitors. To support sustainable tourism, infrastructure such as visitor centres, campsites, and glamping facilities is being developed across 14 parks. Eight modern visitor centres have already been opened, offering insights into ecosystems and promoting responsible travel. This ecotourism growth aids both conservation and local economic development.

Kazakhstan launches first national committee for International Volunteer Year 2026

Kazakhstan has become the first country to establish a National Organising Committee for the International Volunteer Year (IVY) 2026. The committee was launched on 12 May 2025 in Astana, with participation from the government, civil society, private sector, and Toily Kurbanov, Executive Coordinator of UN Volunteers (UNV). The country played a key role in initiating the UN resolution proclaiming 2026 as the International Year of Volunteers for Sustainable Development. The new committee will lead national efforts, promote volunteerism across sectors, and align with the global IVY 2026 vision. “Kazakhstan is turning global promises into real, impactful actions,” said Kurbanov. The move sets a precedent for other nations to follow, as UNV continues supporting IVY 2026 implementation worldwide.

Kazakhstan advances $10 billion industrial projects in key sectors

Kazakhstan’s Prime Minister, Olzhas Bektenov, chaired a meeting on major industrial projects aimed at strengthening the country’s export-oriented chemical and metallurgical sectors. Backed by President Tokayev’s directive, five projects totalling $10 billion in investment are underway, expected to create over 8,700 permanent jobs. In the Abay region, a copper smelting plant with a 300,000-tonne capacity is under construction, generating over 1,000 jobs. Karaganda’s $3.5 billion Qarmet modernisation project aims to boost coal and steel output and create 2,000 jobs by 2028. In Kostanay, a $1.2 billion hot-briquetted iron plant is being developed, focusing on eco-friendly metallurgy and 1,000 new jobs.

Kazakhstan, UAE seal $5 billion in deals at business forum

President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and Sheikh Khaled bin Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan attended the Kazakhstan-UAE Business Forum, reaffirming their commitment to deepen trade and investment ties. Tokayev highlighted Kazakhstan’s economic reforms aligned with OECD standards and introduced the Investment Board to support foreign investors, including those from the UAE. The forum resulted in commercial agreements worth around $5 billion across key sectors. The event featured sessions on digital tech, finance, urban development, and green economy, along with B2B meetings. The UAE delegation included major firms like Masdar, AMEA Power, and Abu Dhabi Ports Group. Tokayev expressed confidence in the successful execution of the signed agreements.

Masdar to develop major renewable energy projects in Kazakhstan

Abu Dhabi’s Masdar has announced plans to develop new renewable energy and battery energy storage system (BESS) projects in Kazakhstan, supporting the country's clean energy goals. Partnering with Kazakhstan’s sovereign wealth fund, Samruk-Kazyna, Masdar will explore a 24/7 project to deliver up to 500 MW of baseload renewable energy and 2 GW of BESS capacity. The agreement was formalised in Astana in the presence of Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed and President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. Kazakhstan aims to generate 15% of its electricity from renewables by 2030 and 50% by 2050. Masdar is already developing a 1 GW wind farm with 600 MWh storage—one of the region’s largest. Construction is set to begin in 2026. Masdar CEO Mohamed Al Ramahi called Kazakhstan a key strategic partner and reaffirmed the company’s commitment to energy security, economic diversification, and climate action. Masdar, active in over 40 countries, is targeting 100 GW in global capacity by 2030.

The attacks began early May 3 morning and have turned Port Sudan, Sudan’s de facto capital and the current seat of the government into a conflict zone. While the RSF has not claimed responsibility, the Sudanese army claims the drones used in the attacks match those previously purchased by the UAE. The UAE, meanwhile, has denied involvement and condemned the violence.

The first wave of attacks targeted Port Sudan’s international airport, damaging its roof and forcing a shutdown. Although briefly reopened on May 4, the airport was closed again after renewed strikes the following day. The nearby Osman Digna air base was also hit.

The assault continued with drone strikes on a major fuel depot 20 kilometres outside the city. The resulting fire remained active as of Tuesday, and further drone attacks ignited the port’s fuel storage facility. Port workers said the southern terminal, its container terminal, has shut down completely.

Port Sudan’s main power station was also struck, leaving the entire city without electricity. One of the blasts damaged the Marina Hotel, which hosts foreign diplomats and is near the offices of army leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan.

The attacks have brought daily life in Port Sudan to a halt. Most schools are closed, long queues have formed for fuel, and bakeries have shut down due to the lack of power and supplies. The city is currently hosting around 500,000 displaced people who have fled violence elsewhere in the country.

Government officials said that damage to fuel infrastructure alone is estimated at more than $500 million.

The Sudanese Security and Defence Council announced on May 6 that the country was cutting diplomatic ties with the UAE, one day after the International Court of Justice dismissed Sudan’s case accusing the UAE of genocide complicity.

Human rights advocates criticized the court’s decision. Mutasim Ali of the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights said the ruling failed to stop what he described as an ongoing genocide, warning that both the RSF and its alleged foreign backers would now act with even greater impunity.

“While there remains hope in exploring alternative accountability strategies, the RSF and the UAE will now continue to commit egregious atrocities, without the immediate prospect of intervention," Mutasim said.

This initiative aims to alleviate the hardships faced by the families of the released individuals and foster stability within their homes and the wider community.

It also seeks to bring joy to their loved ones during this special time, especially as Ramadan approaches on March 1.

Last year, in a similar gesture of compassion, the President ordered the release of 735 prisoners just ahead of Ramadan.

Sudan’s inflation rate continued its downward trajectory, falling to 145.14% in January, according to data released by the Central Bureau of Statistics on Sunday. This marks a significant decline from 187.83% in December 2024. According to Sudan Tribune , the latest figures indicate a sustained easing of inflation over recent months. In November, inflation stood at 198.22%, down from 211.48% in October and 215.52% in September. The trend suggests ongoing stabilization efforts in the country's economy, though inflation remains high. The inflation rate measures the percentage change in the general price level compared to the same month in the previous year, reflecting shifts in purchasing power and economic conditions.

UAE pledges additional $200m Sudan funding

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has pledged an additional $200 million (AED 734 million) in humanitarian assistance to Sudan, raising its total contribution to $3.5 billion. As reported by ARN News , the announcement was made during the High-Level Humanitarian Conference for the People of Sudan held in Addis Ababa. In a statement on X (formerly Twitter), the UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs emphasized the significance of the conference, describing it as the first major humanitarian gathering for Sudan in 2025. The ministry highlighted that the event aims to pave the way for future international conferences focused on providing essential support to the Sudanese people.

UN appeals for $6 billion for Sudan crisis aid in 2025

The United Nations has launched a $6 billion appeal to provide critical aid to 26 million people affected by Sudan’s ongoing war and the millions fleeing dire conditions. Since April 2023, Sudan has been engulfed in conflict between army chief Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan and Rapid Support Forces leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo. The war has displaced 12 million people, with 3.5 million seeking refuge abroad, according to OCHA and UNHCR, Arab News reports.

AU calls for immediate ceasefire amid worsening Sudan crisis

The African Union (AU) has urged Sudan’s warring factions to enforce an immediate ceasefire and initiate a political transition amid an escalating humanitarian crisis, AU Commissioner Bankole Adeoye said at the 38th AU Summit in Addis Ababa, calling Sudan’s war the worst humanitarian crisis in Africa and beyond, Adeoye condemned violations, particularly against women and children. The conflict, which began in April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF), has killed over 28,700 people and displaced 14 million. Despite Sudan's AU suspension since 2021, Adeoye emphasized that the crisis remains a priority for the AU and global peace efforts, News.AZ reported.

RSF-backed parallel government plans to acquire warplanes

Al-Hadi Idris, a key figure in forming a parallel government in RSF-controlled areas, announced plans to acquire warplanes and weapons to “defend citizens.” The signing of the political charter, initially set for Tuesday, February 18, in Nairobi, has been postponed to Wednesday, February 19, to accommodate more signatories, with constitutional arrangements and government formation to follow. Idris stated the new government aims to create a unified army from various factions, including the RSF, to protect against air and land attacks. Sudan Tribune reports that it will rely on self-sustained resources, opening border crossings and airspace, while welcoming international support. Regarding financial pledges, the UAE committed $200 million, Ethiopia $15 million, and Kenya $1 million for humanitarian aid, earmarked specifically for the peace government.

But which countries have the highest number of ChatGPT users? While the platform's developers, OpenAI, haven't released official country-specific user data, we can make some educated guesses based on various metrics from the Boston Consulting Group.

Although a Chinese alternative, DeepSeek, recently gained popularity, the US's OpenAI tool still has higher user density and patronage.

With over 400 million internet users, India is a massive market for any online platform. 45% of the country's population is responsible for this popularity. ChatGPT's ability to understand and respond in multiple languages, including Hindi and other Indian languages, has likely contributed to its popularity in the country.

Morocco ranks second globally in ChatGPT usage . With its relatively young population, AI tools are becoming an integral part of daily life, aiding in tasks ranging from academic research and personal productivity to virtual assistance.

With strong government backing, the use of AI is widely accepted in the United Arab Emirates. AI prompts are steadily issued by 38% of the country's population. As part of the country's AI policy, the UAE seeks to integrate AI applications into healthcare, finance, transportation, and agriculture.

In this piece, we'll take a look at the strongest passports in each continent, based on the 2025 Passport Index , a global ranking of passports according to their total mobility score.

The Mobility Score (MS) represents the total number of countries that can be easily accessed with a particular passport. It is calculated based on the number of destinations offering Visa-free, Visa-on-arrival, eTA, and eVisa options available within a 3-day timeframe.

Asia: UAE

With a score of 179, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) takes the top spot in Asia and globally. UAE citizens can travel to an impressive 179 countries without needing a visa, including popular destinations like France, Austria, and Mexico.

Europe: Spain

Spain's passport is one of the strongest in the world, with a visa-free score of 178. This means Spanish citizens can travel to 178 countries without needing a visa, including most European countries, Argentina, and Canada.

Oceania: New Zealand

New Zealand's passport is one of the strongest in the world, with a visa-free score of 174. New Zealand citizens can travel to 174 countries including Belarus, China and Denmark without a visa.

North America: Canada

With a mobility score of 173, Canadian passport holders can travel visa-free to 173 countries, including the Bahamas, Belgium, and Germany.

South America: Brazil

Brazi's passport is the strongest in South America, with a 165 visa-free score. Brazilian citizens can travel to countries like Uruguay, Bolivia and Argentina.

Africa: Seychelles

The Seychelles, an archipelago off the coast of East Africa, boasts the strongest passport in Africa. With a visa-free score of 148, Seychelles citizens can travel without a visa to countries such as Dominica, Estonia, and Denmark.

The project comes at a critical time when Gaza is facing a severe humanitarian crisis. Many areas are struggling with collapsed infrastructure, which has made life very difficult for residents.

The UAE’s goal is to repair broken sewage and water networks , stop environmental problems, and improve living conditions in Khan Younis.

Officials from the UAE have described the initiative as part of their effort to bring clean water to areas that are in desperate need.

Meanwhile, the UAE has launched several projects in Gaza to help communities recover and bring stability to people’s lives.

A new airstrip is nearing completion on Abd al-Kuri Island in Yemen, with satellite images indicating significant construction activity. The runway, which appears to be built by the United Arab Emirates (UAE), could serve military operations in a region experiencing increased Houthi rebel attacks, which have halved commercial shipping through the Gulf of Aden. The UAE has been actively expanding its military presence in Yemen amid the ongoing conflict with the Iranian-backed Houthis, who have escalated their campaign amid regional tensions tied to the Israel-Hamas war. AP reports that the airstrip may facilitate surveillance and weapons interdiction against Houthi smuggling routes. Analysts warn that a new escalation in the war could occur soon, especially with incoming U.S. leadership under President-elect Donald Trump, who may take a firmer stance against the Houthis.

US warplanes strike northwest Yemen in fresh aggression

US warplanes conducted at least five airstrikes in Yemen's Harf Sufyan district, following comments from Yemeni leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi that military operations would persist against Israeli-linked targets in response to ongoing strikes in Gaza. The Yemeni armed forces have been targeting Israeli and American interests, aiming to pressure an end to Israel's offensive in Gaza, which has resulted in significant Palestinian casualties. Houthi emphasized that attacks would continue until Israel ceases its military actions, MEHR reports.

Yemen conducts missile attack on US destroyer, occupied lands

Yemen's military spokesperson, Yahya Saree, announced a large-scale missile attack targeting Israeli positions in Eilat and Jaffa. MEHR reports that the operations involved four cruise missiles and drones, successfully striking key targets. Additionally, the Yemeni Navy targeted the US aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman during these operations, coinciding with a supportive march for Palestine in Sanaa.

Iran dismisses claims of training, providing help to Yemen

Iran has dismissed allegations from a UN report suggesting it is training and aiding Yemen's Ansarullah group. Ambassador Amir Saeid Iravani criticized the report for relying on unfounded assumptions about weapon similarities and unverified sources. He asserted that such claims do not prove Iranian involvement, as similar weapons can be produced globally through reverse engineering. According to MEHR , Iravani also rejected specific accusations regarding coordination with Ansarullah and claimed a recent military operation was a self-defence measure, responding to an Israeli attack. He emphasised that Iran does not operate through proxy groups.

Yemenis celebrate Gaza ceasefire deal as shared victory against Israeli aggression

Hundreds of thousands of Yemenis celebrated a ceasefire deal between Hamas and Israel, marking a hopeful step toward peace after 15 months of conflict in Gaza. Demonstrators in various Yemeni cities displayed Palestinian flags and images of martyred leaders, voicing solidarity with Gaza. Ammar Amri, a Sanaa teacher, emphasized Yemen's continued support for the Gazans despite the risks of Israeli airstrikes targeting Yemen as retaliation for Houthi attacks. The ceasefire, announced by Qatar’s Prime Minister, involves an exchange of prisoners and aims to finalize a permanent end to hostilities. Houthi leader Abdulmalek Al-Houthi praised Palestinian resilience but warned that attacks would resume if Israeli aggression continues. The 15-month conflict has resulted in severe humanitarian crises, with over 46,000 Palestinians killed and millions displaced. While there is hope that the ceasefire will lessen violence, opinions vary among Yemenis about its implications for regional dynamics and the path to lasting peace for Palestine, New Arab reports.

Uganda's Central Bank has opted to maintain the Central Bank Rate (CBR) at 9.75% for December 2024. This cautious stance is influenced by various factors, including potential political shifts due to Donald Trump's election and the ongoing conflicts in Gaza. The Uganda shilling has shown a slight depreciation against the US dollar, averaging Ush3,679 ($1) in November. Concurrently, lending rates have seen an uptick from 18.8% in September to 19.4% in October, indicative of tightening monetary conditions. According to Zawya , the economy has witnessed a reduction in quarterly growth, decreasing from 7.1% in March to 6.2% in June 2024. The government's strategy to alleviate domestic borrowing pressures includes sourcing funds from the World Bank, with the performance of tax revenues expected to play a critical role in determining the amount raised. While headline inflation has remained stable at 2.9% for October and November, the decision to uphold the neutral policy rate is aimed at sustaining the stability of the shilling in the short term, although the repercussions of such policy decisions on economic growth may not be realised for up to a year.

Dubai and Uganda sign deal for economic growth

Dubai Chambers has formalised a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Uganda Chamber of Commerce and Industry. This agreement was forged during a bilateral business forum held in Kampala, aimed at fostering collaboration, facilitating trade missions, and exchanging expertise. The forum underscored the investment potential in diverse sectors such as tourism, agriculture, mining, and technology. Notably, the event attracted representatives from 29 Dubai-based enterprises and received support from various embassies and local organisations. In 2023, non-oil trade between Uganda and Dubai reached a substantial $1.2 billion, further highlighting the increasing participation of Ugandan businesses within Dubai’s Chamber of Commerce, reports Soft Power News .

Uganda allocates Shs177 million to transform Tororo Rock into a top tourist attraction

Recognising the untapped potential of its landmarks, Uganda's Ministry of Tourism has allocated a budget of Shs177 million ($48,314) to revamp Tororo Rock into a premier tourist attraction. This initiative includes a detailed master plan presented to the local government, reports ATTA . Local officials, including James Mboijjana and Mayor Kenneth Orono, have expressed optimism that this initiative will bolster the local economy and stimulate investments in hospitality. The transformation of Tororo Rock is viewed as an opportunity to elevate its significance not only in Uganda but across the African continent.

Uganda promotes birding to attract Asian tourists

To tap into the lucrative Asian tourism market, Uganda is actively promoting its exceptional birding opportunities, showcasing over 1,000 bird species, which represents 53% of Africa's total avian diversity. Lily Ajarova, the head of the Uganda Tourism Board (UTB), underscored the market's potential, projecting a revenue generation of $13 billion by the end of 2024. As reported by, Chim Reports , birding will be a focal point of UTB’s marketing strategy, which will also accommodate the predominantly Muslim culture of the region. Furthermore, employing digital marketing tools is considered crucial for enhancing Uganda's tourism profile.

Besigye sues Kenya, Uganda governments at East African court

Dr. Kizza Besigye, a prominent four-time presidential candidate in Uganda, has initiated legal proceedings against the governments of Kenya and Uganda in the East African Court. He alleges unlawful abduction from Nairobi, claiming that Kenyan security forces collaborated with Ugandan authorities in this extraterritorial operation, which purportedly contravenes both the Kenyan Constitution and the East African Treaty. Following their forcible return to Uganda, Besigye and his aide face military trial on security-related charges, despite their civilian status. His legal representatives contend that military courts do not possess jurisdiction over civilians and assert that the incidents in question occurred outside Uganda's borders. The Citizen reports that Besigye is seeking compensation of $100,000 and a permanent injunction to prevent Kenya from engaging in forced removals in violation of due process.

UAE students have demonstrated significant improvements since 2019, with fourth-graders achieving a 17-point increase in mathematics and a 22-point rise in science, while eighth-graders experienced a 15-point increase in mathematics and a 14-point increase in science.

The report highlights improvements in student achievement on an international scale, particularly regarding low benchmarks in mathematics and science. However, it also notes an increase in achievement gaps between genders, particularly among fourth-grade mathematics students.

The findings suggest that the resources available at home may influence students' performance in these subjects.

The report was officially presented on 4 December at Dubai's Museum of the Future, in collaboration with the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, Boston College's TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Centre, and the UAE's Ministry of Education.

Sarah bint Yousif Al Amiri, the UAE Minister of Education, praised the students for their outstanding achievements, expressing that these results reflect the ministry's continuous efforts to elevate the UAE's standing in global educational rankings.

"The results reflect the ministry's ongoing efforts to boost the country's ranking in international educational studies," Amiri said .

TIMSS and the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) are essential assessments that measure trends in student performance across mathematics, science, and reading.

This index serves as a global benchmark for assessing the knowledge capabilities of nations, covering 141 countries and evaluating various indicators related to education, technology, and research.

While Sweden topped the list overall, Qatar came second in the Arab region, securing the 39th position globally with a score of 55.5, while Saudi Arabia placed third in the Arab region and 41st globally, with a score of 54.8

Key figures at the event emphasised the necessity of fostering a culture of information availability and creative expression, particularly for youth.

Dr. Abdallah Al Dardari pointed out the role of educational initiatives in developing knowledge economies, stating that "the Global Knowledge Index is a vital tool for economic planning in countries worldwide."

Jamal bin Huwaireb praised the UAE’s ranking as an important indicator of national progress and innovation, noting that the GKI leverages scientifically validated data to motivate nations toward strategic improvements.

The index indicated particular strengths among Arab nations in pre-university education and ICT sectors, with Saudi Arabia succeeding in the former.

Ten African nations, however, were at the bottom of the ranking, with Chad occupying the last position. The GKI serves as a critical tool for countries to evaluate their readiness to tackle local and global challenges, enhancing their knowledge and development landscape in future iterations.

According to the  World Population Review , male workers, primarily from South Asia, Egypt, and other developing regions, have flocked to Qatar to fill labour-intensive roles, drawn by the prospect of better pay and stable employment. This influx has fuelled Qatar’s rapid economic growth and urban expansion but has also introduced some unique societal challenges.

The first one is economic implications.   Fewer women in the population often means fewer families are formed, resulting in a lower birth rate and may impact long-term demographic stability.

This could pose challenges for Qatar’s sustained economic growth, as a lower rate of natural population increase might create a greater reliance on continual migration to meet workforce demands.

The second challenge is the social challenge. A heavily male-skewed population affects more than just numbers; it can reshape community dynamics. For example, fewer women in society can lead to imbalances in family structures and marital dynamics and even influence social behaviours.

There can also be strains on the traditional support systems and changes in community cohesion, making it harder for the male-dominated population to integrate fully. With a limited number of women in the population, there’s also a risk of family inequality and related issues that could reverberate for generations.

While migrant labour has helped to propel Qatar’s development and diversify its economy, the resulting demographic shift has left a lasting mark on its social fabric. The challenge now lies in balancing economic needs with the social and cultural dynamics that a more balanced population brings.

Qatar’s experience is a reminder of how the pursuit of economic growth through migration can reshape a nation in unexpected ways, and it raises important questions about how to support a balanced society moving forward.

The UAE cabinet has approved a balanced budget for the 2025 fiscal year, with expenditures set to increase by nearly 12% to 71.5 billion dirhams ($19.47 billion). Revenue is also projected at 71.5 billion dirhams, maintaining the budget's balance. Nearly 40% of the budget will focus on social development, including significant allocations for education and healthcare. Over 35% will support government affairs, with smaller portions for infrastructure and economic sectors. This budget is part of the UAE's multi-year financial plan for 2022-2026, Zawya reports.

Insurance market leader

The MENA region's insurance market reached a turnover of 50.8 billion USD in 2023, a 9.2% increase from 2022. Non-life premiums dominate, making up 81.2% of the total. According to Atlas Magazine , Saudi Arabia leads the market with 17.45 billion USD (34.4% share), followed by the United Arab Emirates at 14.71 billion USD (29% share).

Crypto exempt from VAT

The United Arab Emirates has announced that cryptocurrency transactions will be exempt from value-added tax (VAT) starting 15 November 2024, with retroactive effect from 1 January 2018. This decision, communicated by the Federal Tax Authority, clarifies that digital assets will not incur the standard 5% VAT, aligning their tax treatment with traditional financial services. As reported by The Paypers , the UAE's regulatory framework supports fintech innovation and aims to bolster cybersecurity amid increasing digital transactions. Collaboration among fintech companies, regulators, and financial institutions is essential to address security challenges.

Goodwill campaign for Lebanon

Sheikh Theyab Bin Mohamed has launched a two-week philanthropic campaign in the UAE, running from October 8 to October 21, to support the people of Lebanon, under the slogan "The UAE Stands with Lebanon." This initiative follows President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan's order for a $100 million relief aid package and the dispatch of six planes with 205 tonnes of essential supplies. Bernama adds that the campaign aims to engage community members and organizations in providing humanitarian support to Lebanon amid its ongoing crisis.

$100 billion investments

India aims to attract $100 billion in investments from the United Arab Emirates, announced Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal. Following the 12th India-UAE High-Level Task Force meeting, he highlighted that key sectors like data centres, AI, renewable energy, and transmission infrastructure will see significant funding. Currently, UAE's direct equity investments in India total just under $20 billion, with nearly $3 billion invested in the last fiscal year. Over the past five years, UAE's annual investments in India have tripled, making it the seventh-largest investor in the country, Business Today reports.

“So it's not a matter of waiting for tomorrow. Tomorrow is already too late." he is quoted by AFP.

Mediator Qatar reported that talks are still ongoing, and US Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced his 10th visit to the region since the war began. Despite efforts by Qatar, Egypt, and the United States, the fighting continues, with only a brief truce in late November.

Borrell also discussed Gaza’s future with UAE officials, emphasising the need for a political solution to prevent ongoing violence. He praised the UAE's diplomatic and humanitarian efforts and expressed hope that they will continue to play a key role in future negotiations.