New guidance based on clothing type and usage suggests that while some items require washing after every use, others can be worn multiple times without risk, challenging long-held habits around cleanliness.

According to hygiene experts and industry bodies, frequency depends largely on how close garments sit to the skin and how much they absorb sweat.

The American Cleaning Institute (ACI) recommends washing underwear, swimwear and workout gear after every use, due to direct contact with sweat and bacteria.

Similarly, the Cleveland Clinic notes that tight-fitting garments trap moisture and microbes, increasing the risk of skin irritation or infections if not cleaned regularly.

But beyond these categories, the rules change.

The environmental cost of overwashing

Here’s the part most people overlook: frequent washing has a measurable environmental impact.

The Ellen MacArthur Foundation, through its A New Textiles Economy initiative , estimates that clothing production and use contribute significantly to global carbon emissions, water use and microplastic pollution.

Washing, drying and ironing alone account for a substantial share of a garment’s lifecycle impact.

Every additional wash increases water consumption, energy use and microfibre pollution , particularly from synthetic fabrics.

What this really means is that simply wearing clothes longer between washes can reduce environmental damage without compromising hygiene.

State Information Technology Minister Nara Lokesh has said the development will anchor a technology ecosystem spanning about 100 kilometres and host up to 6 gigawatts of data centre capacity.

Major investors have signed on, with Google pledging around $15 billion for AI infrastructure in the state, while a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Brookfield and Digital Realty is investing a further $11 billion in a large data centre complex.

Lokesh has argued that Andhra Pradesh has planned for the heavy electricity and water demands of the sector, suggesting that excess monsoon water flowing into the Bay of Bengal could be channelled to cool facilities.

However, environmental experts have long warned that large data centres are among the most water-intensive pieces of digital infrastructure. Cooling high-density servers requires constant water circulation, much of which is lost to evaporation.

According to the Environmental and Energy Study Institute , a medium-sized data centre can consume up to 110 million gallons of water annually for cooling, while larger facilities may use as much as 5 million gallons a day — comparable to the needs of a small town.

That demand comes at a sensitive time for India, with UNICEF estimating that waterborne diseases cost the country roughly $600 million each year, with drought- and flood-prone regions affecting around a third of the population in recent years.

Two-thirds of India’s 718 districts face extreme water depletion, according to UNICEF. 

India is also the world’s largest user of groundwater, drawing supplies from more than 30 million access points. Groundwater provides 85% of drinking water in rural areas and nearly half of urban needs.

Beyond on-site consumption, data centres also carry indirect water costs. Power plants supplying electricity — particularly fossil fuel facilities — require substantial volumes of water for steam generation and cooling.

Manufacturing the semiconductor chips that power AI systems is also water-intensive, requiring ultrapure water in large quantities before equipment even reaches a data hall.

As India seeks to cement its place in the global AI race, the challenge will be balancing digital ambition with the realities of a country where access to safe and reliable water remains uneven.

The Philippines and the United States conducted a joint sea patrol, signalling a firm position on maritime sovereignty at a time of heightened regional pressure. The patrol reflects Manila’s continued alignment with Washington in asserting its role in contested waters and reinforcing defence cooperation. This development is framed as a strong stance on the Philippines’ maritime rights and security posture.

Senate leaders push for a ceasefire in the China-Philippines diplomatic dispute

Philippine Senate leaders called for a ceasefire amid an ongoing diplomatic dispute between China and the Philippines. The intervention suggests concern within the country’s political leadership over escalation and the need for de-escalatory measures in regional diplomacy. The issue highlights how maritime and foreign policy tensions are now being debated at the highest legislative level.

House panel dismisses impeachment complaints against President Marcos Jr.

A House panel dismissed impeachment complaints filed against President Ferdinand Marcos Jr., effectively shutting down a major political challenge at this stage. The dismissal underscores the President’s continued institutional support within Congress and signals the difficulty of advancing impeachment efforts in the current balance of power.

Major raid exposes illegal cigarette factory tied to politicians and trafficking

Authorities carried out a major raid uncovering an illegal cigarette factory , reportedly linked to politicians and connected with human trafficking. The case highlights the intersection of organised crime, illicit manufacturing, and political protection networks, raising broader concerns about governance and enforcement capacity.

Comelec strained by budget shortfall ahead of Antipolo special election

The Commission on Elections (Comelec) is facing a budget shortfall in preparation for a special election in Antipolo, triggered by the death of a lawmaker . The situation points to logistical and financial vulnerabilities in election administration, even for single-district contests, and raises questions about institutional readiness for broader electoral demands.

According to the above graphic , individuals use about 2.2 litres for a full-size dishwasher, roughly 2.7 litres for a slimline model, and a striking 9 litres when washing dishes by hand.

The clear takeaway is that dishwashers often use significantly less water than washing by hand with a running tap.

A standard dishwashing cycle uses between 3 and 5 gallons of water (about 11–19 litres), depending on the model and settings. Newer Energy Star-rated machines are designed to optimise cleaning and water use, drawing only what’s needed per cycle.

By contrast, hand-washing dishes with the tap continuously running can easily use more than 20 gallons (75 litres) for a full load, roughly four to six times more than an efficient dishwasher.

Water efficiency

Household water use is a growing concern in many parts of the world. Kitchens account for a measurable portion of indoor consumption, and simple choices, like dishwasher loading habits or tap control during hand-washing, make a real difference in total water use.

Beyond lowering bills, water efficiency is also about sustainable living. With droughts and water scarcity affecting regions from Australia to parts of Europe and North America, every litre saved at home contributes to broader conservation goals.

Water scarcity is worsening globally

We’re entering a new era where water resources are under intense pressure. A recent United Nations University report described the situation as one of “water bankruptcy”, meaning humanity is using more freshwater than can be replenished through rain, snow and natural storage, and key reserves like aquifers and glaciers are being depleted.

Over 50% of large lakes are shrinking, about 70% of aquifers are declining, and billions of people face water shortages at least part of the year.

Current data show that roughly 2 to 3 billion people experience water shortages for at least one month a year, and projections suggest the number will grow as the population increases and droughts become more frequent. Millions still lack access to safe, reliable drinking water at home.

On environmental responsibility, Aqua stands apart from the field with 50.3%. The gap to second place is not marginal but structural. Le Minerale follows at 35.4%, leaving a 14.9-point distance that no other attribute in the study replicates.

A dense mid-tier then gathers tightly, with Nestlé Pure Life at 28.7%, Cleo at 25.9%, Vit at 25.0%, Hydrococo at 25.0%, Ades at 24.9%, and Pristine 8.6+ at 24.6%. Below them, Crystalline records 23.6%, Club 22.4%, Super Q2 21.8%, and Equil 21.7%.

At the bottom of the category, Qasis posts 18.9%, Total 8+ 18.6%, Amidis 18.4%, and Sanqua 17.5%. What this really means is that sustainability leadership is no longer contestable without a step-change in credibility. Aqua owns this space decisively.

Value for money is competitive

Value perception tells a different story. Le Minerale leads with 39.2%, but unlike sustainability, the category compresses quickly behind it. Cleo follows closely at 36.8%, while Ades records 35.6% and Aqua 34.7%.

Pristine 8.6+ sits at 34.5%, Nestlé Pure Life at 34.2%, Vit and Club both at 34.1%, and Crystalline at 33.0%. Hydrococo posts 32.4%, Qasis 31.7%, and Super Q2 30.7%.

The lowest tier remains competitive, with Amidis and Total 8+ both at 29.1%, Equil at 28.8%, and Sanqua at 28.7%. The takeaway is clear: value for money is broadly shared, making it a weak lever for long-term differentiation unless paired with other strengths.

Innovation, taste, and health reward focused challengers

Innovation shows one of the tightest leadership races in the study. Le Minerale leads at 28.5%, followed by Hydrococo at 27.5% and Crystalline at 27.1%. Cleo records 26.3%, Pristine 8.6+ 25.2%, and Nestlé Pure Life 24.6%.

Taste perception reinforces this pattern. Le Minerale leads at 33.2%, narrowly ahead of Hydrococo at 32.1%. Crystalline follows at 26.6%, Aqua at 26.1%, and Nestlé Pure Life at 25.6%. Sanqua again sits last at 17.9%.

On health perception, Le Minerale posts 38.8%, followed by Aqua at 36.0% and Hydrococo at 35.1%. Together, these results show that consumers reward brands that commit clearly to functional and experiential benefits rather than spreading their messaging thin.

Trust, quality, and familiarity define modern leadership

Perceived quality is increasingly polarised. Aqua dominates with 50.9%, closely followed by Le Minerale at 48.8%. The next tier drops sharply, with Nestlé Pure Life at 38.4% and Hydrococo at 37.2%. Sanqua records the lowest score at 27.6%.

Safety and trust show near parity at the top, with Le Minerale at 34.3% and Aqua at 34.2%. However, brand awareness gaps quietly shape outcomes. Le Minerale shows the lowest uncertainty at 3.5%, followed by Aqua at 3.8%. In contrast, Sanqua faces a 27.3% “don’t know” rate, limiting its ability to convert any positioning into equity.

For weaker brands, the first challenge is not persuasion but visibility. Consumers cannot trust what they cannot confidently evaluate.

About the research

The findings are drawn from the 2025 Bottled Water Consumer Survey conducted by Impactum Insights. The study was carried out using an online quantitative survey method, with computer-assisted web interviews conducted between 10 September and 10 October 2025. A total of 1,094 Indonesian internet users aged 18 and above participated in the research, providing a nationally representative view of consumer perceptions across 16 major bottled drinking water brands.

The number is striking, and it puts fresh attention on how something as ordinary as clothing can quietly strain global water supplies at a time when droughts and climate pressures are rising worldwide.

The figure aligns with research from the Water Footprint Network , which estimates that cotton is among the most water-intensive crops on the planet. Their global calculations show that cotton farming can demand anywhere between 7,000 and 29,000 litres of water per kilogram, depending on the region.

Why cotton uses so much water

Cotton grows mainly in hot, dry regions, where water is most scarce, which forces farmers to rely heavily on irrigation. Over time, this has drained rivers, damaged soils, and contributed to ecological disasters.

WaterAid, a charity focused on global water access, notes that water-intensive farming practices often compete directly with people’s basic needs. In communities where clean water is already limited, growing cotton can worsen shortages for households.

This issue is not limited to one region. The Guardian has reported widely on how cotton farming contributed to the near-collapse of the Aral Sea, once the world’s fourth-largest inland lake. Massive cotton irrigation projects in Central Asia diverted the rivers that fed the sea, causing it to shrink dramatically and leaving behind health crises, dust storms, and economic collapse.

Today, similar pressures are appearing in India, Pakistan, China, and parts of Africa — all major cotton producers. These regions face rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall linked to global climate change, making cotton even thirstier and more difficult to sustain.

This conversation comes as major fashion brands face growing pressure to reduce their environmental impact . Several companies are rethinking their supply chains after new 2024–2025 regulations in Europe and the U.S. began demanding clearer reporting on water usage and climate risk.

Meanwhile, the ongoing droughts affecting North Africa , the American Southwest, and southern Europe have sparked new questions about which crops should be prioritised in a warming world. Cotton, with its high water footprint, is increasingly part of that debate.

The LHWP, launched in 1986, supplies South Africa with an average of 780 million cubic metres of water each year, helping meet demand in the water-stressed Gauteng region.

The project has also created major economic activity inside Lesotho. More than 10,000 jobs were generated in Phase IA, nearly 9,000 in Phase IB and 16,165 in the ongoing Phase II, with most positions filled by Basotho nationals. The scheme has supported skills training and youth employment initiatives.

A total of 695 households have been resettled across the first two phases, with 296 more earmarked for relocation under Phase II. Compensation payouts now total M628 million.

The Nile, which stretches an extraordinary 6,650 km, remains not only the longest river in Africa but one of the longest on Earth. It threads through 11 countries, from Burundi and Uganda to Sudan and Egypt, forming the backbone of agriculture and life along its banks.

Nearly 300 million people depend directly on the Nile Basin for survival.

Flowing west to east, the Niger River, at 4,200 km, is the lifeline of West Africa, curving through Guinea, Mali, Niger and Nigeria before emptying into the Gulf of Guinea.

It supports millions of farmers and fishers and anchors some of the region’s largest urban centres. The Niger Basin Authority notes that the river sustains over 160 million people in nine countries.

In Central Africa, the Congo River runs 4,700 km, carving through one of the world’s largest rainforest ecosystems. It carries more water than any river in Africa and is second only to the Amazon globally.

The Congo Basin is home to over 80 million people and provides critical carbon storage for the planet, a fact repeatedly emphasised in global climate discussions.

To the south, the Zambezi River, which spans 2,600 km, crosses Zambia, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. It is the river behind Victoria Falls and fuels major hydroelectric projects such as the Kariba and Cahora Bassa dams, which power much of southern Africa.

Despite the continent's numerous water resources, the Horn of Africa continues to experience climate-driven droughts alternating with destructive floods, which amplify tensions over Nile water rights.

Hydropolitics, the politics of water, is increasingly shaping diplomatic relations. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), for instance, remains a focal point of negotiation between Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt.

That’s how much it takes to grow the cotton, process it, and make just one T-shirt. To put that in perspective, that’s roughly the amount of water a person drinks in about two and a half years.

From the moment cotton is planted, it requires regular irrigation, especially in regions with hot, dry climates. After harvesting, water is also used for cleaning, dyeing, and finishing fabrics.

The World Bank reports that fresh water is under growing stress worldwide, with demand expected to exceed supply by 40% as early as 2030.

The Bank’s overview emphasises that water “sustains people, powers economies and jobs, grows food, and supports ecosystems,” yet this vital resource is pushed to its limits.

In countries where cotton is widely grown, such as India, Pakistan, and parts of Africa, this water demand often conflicts with local communities' needs. Over-extraction can deplete rivers and aquifers, worsening droughts and threatening livelihoods.

As fast fashion increases global demand for cheap clothing, water use continues to climb. This makes the industry one of the world's biggest consumers of water worldwide, and one of the key areas where sustainable change could have a real impact.

For centuries, the Dutch have reclaimed land from the sea using polders (enclosed tracts of drained land) and a complex network of dikes, canals, and pumping stations. The country’s lowest point, the Zuidplaspolder, sits about 6.76 meters below sea level.

Today, roughly 9 million people , more than half the population, live in areas that would flood without active water management.

The entire system is maintained by the “Delta Works,” a world-renowned flood defence network built after the devastating 1953 North Sea Flood that killed more than 1,800 people.

According to the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute ( KNMI ), sea levels along the Dutch coast are rising about 3 to 4 millimetres per year, roughly double the global average.

Land subsidence adds to the threat as parts of the west are sinking as peat soils dry and compact. The government’s Delta Programme 2025 warns that even a 1-meter sea-level rise could overwhelm existing defences by 2100, forcing massive infrastructure upgrades and potentially displacing thousands of residents.

Utrecht University researchers caution that a rise of 2 to 5 metres, which could occur in worst-case global warming scenarios, would make large parts of the Netherlands “unlivable” without dramatic adaptation.

The Netherlands’ situation is not isolated. From Venice to Bangladesh, low-lying regions face similar risks from sea-level rise and coastal flooding. Yet few countries have done as much as the Dutch to prepare.

Still, climate activists warn that even Dutch innovation has limits. Last week, artists installed red figures in Amsterdam’s canals to protest inaction on the climate crisis ahead of COP30 in Brazil, noting that “one-third of the Netherlands already lies below sea level.”

Mongolia’s Prime Minister Gombojavyn Zandanshatar has issued a strong appeal to government officials, urging them to concentrate on their core duties and work toward preventing the nation’s growing weather-related hardships. The warning comes as the country faces another harsh seasonal cycle, with the potential of a dzud , the deadly winter phenomenon that kills livestock and devastates rural livelihoods, looming large. The Prime Minister emphasised that energy and resources should be directed toward supporting communities at risk, rather than getting caught up in political disputes.

Mayor Nyambaatar calls on enterprises to comply with Mongolia’s water law

In Ulaanbaatar, Mayor Nyambaatar has called on public and private enterprises to fulfil their obligations under the Law on Water of Mongolia, warning that non-compliance will no longer be tolerated. His statement highlights growing environmental concerns over unsustainable water use, especially as urban expansion continues to strain resources. The mayor pointed out that many industries, particularly in construction and manufacturing, have failed to implement water conservation and recycling systems. This negligence, he noted, directly affects the city’s ability to maintain clean and accessible water for residents. Nyambaatar’s administration plans to conduct audits and impose penalties on enterprises that ignore their environmental responsibilities.

Judicial council elects new judges in third session

Mongolia’s Judicial General Council held its third session, during which several new judges were elected, a move aimed at strengthening the independence and efficiency of the nation’s legal system. The appointments are part of an ongoing effort to modernise the judiciary and restore public trust following concerns over corruption and political interference in the courts. The new judges are expected to bring renewed focus on transparency and procedural fairness. Legal experts have welcomed the move, noting that fresh appointments can help balance workloads and enhance case management, particularly in regional courts.

President Khurelsukh to pay a state visit to India

In a significant diplomatic step, President U. Khurelsukh is set to embark on a state visit to the Republic of India, further strengthening bilateral relations between the two Asian democracies. The visit aims to deepen cooperation in trade, renewable energy, mining, and regional security. Mongolia and India have long shared strong cultural and historical ties, rooted in Buddhism and mutual respect. Recent years have seen growing collaboration under the “Strategic Partnership” framework, with India supporting Mongolia in key areas such as digital infrastructure, energy transition, and education.

The GERD has long been a flashpoint between the two countries. Egypt views it as a threat to its water security, while Ethiopia calls it a vital source of energy and national pride.

“There is no explanation other than a deliberate act of defiance by the Ethiopian side,” said Mokhtar Ghobashy, a lawyer and deputy head of the Arab Centre for Political and Strategic Studies. 

Ghobashy accused Ethiopia of acting unilaterally throughout the GERD’s construction and operation.

“It’s clear that they have a complete disregard for the historical rights of Egypt and Sudan,” he said.

Ethiopia, for its part, insists the dam reduced flood damage and supports regional development, rejecting Cairo’s claims as “malicious and baseless.”

For Egypt, the rising waters are more than a natural disaster. They are a reminder of a power struggle flowing through the Nile itself, where survival and sovereignty now intertwine.

As Iraq prepares for its parliamentary elections scheduled for November, the country’s electoral commission has introduced new restrictions on campaign activities to ensure fairness and orderliness during the pre-election period. These restrictions include limitations on public rallies, a ban on hate speech and sectarian propaganda, and stricter financial disclosure requirements for candidates and parties. The commission’s decision aims to minimise tensions that often accompany Iraq’s high-stakes political contests and to address the growing public demand for transparency and accountability. Observers note that this move reflects lessons learned from past elections marred by allegations of vote-buying, violence, and foreign interference. However, some political actors view the restrictions as overreach that could stifle opposition voices, adding another layer of complexity to Iraq’s fragile democratic process.

Badr bloc threatens to sever ties with Turkey over water crisis

The Badr bloc, one of Iraq’s most influential political factions, has issued a stern warning to Ankara, threatening to cut diplomatic ties with Turkey if it does not address the ongoing water crisis affecting Iraq’s Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The bloc accuses Turkey of hoarding water through dam projects that have drastically reduced Iraq’s water supply, leading to severe agricultural damage and growing discontent among farmers. The threat underscores the broader regional tensions surrounding transboundary water rights in the Middle East, where upstream nations like Turkey wield considerable leverage. The crisis has already sparked protests in southern cities such as Basra, where water scarcity has led to both environmental and public health challenges. Iraq’s government is now under pressure to negotiate more assertively with Turkey to secure water flow agreements that protect its national interests while maintaining regional stability.

Iraq's political enigma: The unpredictable man oeuvre s of Muqtada al-Sadr

Muqtada al-Sadr continues to confound Iraq’s political establishment with his unconventional and unpredictable manoeuvres. The populist cleric, who commands vast grassroots support and a disciplined movement, has oscillated between political engagement and withdrawal, shaping Iraq’s political narrative at every turn. His recent statements and actions have reignited speculation about whether he will re-enter the political fray ahead of the 2025 elections or continue his role as an outsider influencing from the sidelines. Al-Sadr’s strategy has consistently centred on portraying himself as a reformist and nationalist voice against corruption and foreign domination—particularly Iranian and American influence. Analysts suggest that his unpredictability is both a strength and a source of instability in Iraqi politics, as his sudden shifts can alter alliances and derail institutional processes. His next move could significantly influence Iraq’s path toward either reform or renewed gridlock.

Iraqi MP announces completion of impeachment process for PM Al-Sudani

A dramatic development unfolded in Baghdad’s political circles as an Iraqi Member of Parliament announced the completion of the impeachment process against Prime Minister Mohammed Shia’ Al-Sudani. The move marks a critical juncture in Iraq’s internal power dynamics, with critics accusing the prime minister of mismanagement, political favouritism, and failure to deliver on key reforms promised after his election. Supporters of Al-Sudani, however, argue that the impeachment is politically motivated, orchestrated by rival blocs seeking to destabilise the government ahead of the elections. If pursued, the impeachment could plunge Iraq into another round of political uncertainty, threatening to derail public administration and reform programs. The development has also sparked concerns among international partners, who view Iraq’s political stability as essential for regional security and economic progress.

President Barzani urges Kurdish candidates to prioriti s e unity ahead of Iraq elections

In a speech aimed at the Kurdish political leadership, President Nechirvan Barzani called for unity among Kurdish candidates and parties as Iraq approaches its national elections. Barzani emphasised that internal divisions within the Kurdish political spectrum have weakened their collective influence in Baghdad, particularly during crucial negotiations over budgets, oil revenue sharing, and security arrangements. He urged Kurdish factions to focus on common goals rather than partisan rivalries, warning that fragmentation could marginalise Kurdish interests at a time when the central government in Baghdad is consolidating power. His message resonated strongly in the Kurdistan Region, where growing dissatisfaction over governance, corruption, and public service delivery has fueled voter apathy. Barzani’s appeal reflects a broader recognition that Kurdish unity is pivotal not only for electoral success but also for maintaining leverage in Iraq’s complex federal system.

“Malagasy people need to unite, that’s what’s causing this movement,” one protester said. “We are tired, fed up and completely lost, so let’s fight for the good of the youth and the next generation,” he added.

But as the demonstrations grew, anger turned destructive, and businesses were vandalised. Offices were damaged, and homes looted as protests spiralled out of control.

“It is sad because the demand for electricity and water has now ended, and ordinary people’s property has been destroyed and badly damaged,” said protester Edhia Cathy.

“The destruction of homes started with the demand for electricity and water and ended with theft and destruction of other people’s property. How can we overcome this situation?” added Kevin Julio, another demonstrator.

Protesters accused police of contributing to the situation when they deployed tear gas to disperse crowds, triggering panic and opening the door to looting.

“What we asked for was a simple and peaceful demand, but the police responded with a repressive force,” said Hasina Ramanantsoa. 

“They fired tear gas bombs and there was chaos. Businesses were looted. It should have been a peaceful movement, but now it has become a looting movement, causing chaos among the Malagasy people,” he told Viory.

A Dual Threat: Canal and Communities at Risk

The Panama Canal, responsible for moving around 7% of global maritime trade, and over 2 million urban residents , along with indigenous and farming communities , all rely on the same freshwater reserves. Droughts—amplified by climate change and the El Niño phenomenon—have repeatedly driven water levels dangerously low in Gatún and Alajuela lakes, leading to costly restrictions on canal traffic and heightened competition for water access.

Infrastructure Strains and Community Outcry

Regional emergencies have highlighted deeper structural weaknesses. The provinces of Herrera and Los Santos were placed under a state of emergency after contamination of the La Villa River forced the shutdown of four treatment plants, leaving thousands without safe drinking water. Meanwhile, numerous unregulated well drillings, over 4,000 across the country, of which only about 1,300 are permitted, are raising alarms over groundwater sustainability.

Contested Solutions and Social Tensions

The Panama Canal Authority (ACP) and government officials have proposed bold water storage projects, including a $1.6 billion reservoir in the Indio River basin , capable of boosting canal operations by 12 to 15 transits per day and supplying freshwater to Panama City. But the plan has ignited fierce protests. Farmers warn of flooded lands, displacement of around 2,000 residents , and insufficient community engagement. Authorities argue that Bayano Lake alternatives pose even greater risks.

Why It Matters Globally

This crisis puts Panama at a crossroads: its waterways link oceans and economies, but an unresolved water shortage endangers commerce, domestic welfare, and environmental equity. A collapse in canal functionality or widespread water insecurity among rural and indigenous populations could ripple through supply chains and regional stability.

Constitutional Court judges openly criticised suspended Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) Hlalefang Motinyane for delaying her own legal case against Prime Minister Sam Matekane’s attempt to remove her from office. The situation has been further complicated by the Law Society of Lesotho, which filed an urgent application against her suspension.

Heated debate over parliament’s M1 billion budget bid

Lawmakers sparked controversy after proposing that Parliament receive 3% of the national budget, over M1 billion. Critics, including the Minister of Law and Justice, argued the move would be fiscally irresponsible and excessive, especially given Lesotho’s fragile public finances.

Opposition questions defence force reappointment

Opposition parties raised alarm over Prime Minister Matekane’s decision to reappoint Lieutenant General Mojalefa Letsoela as Commander of the Lesotho Defence Force. Critics argue the move reflects a lack of transparency and highlights Matekane’s close ties with the military leadership.

Lesotho–South Africa water deal under review

Lesotho and South Africa reaffirmed their commitment to Phase II of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, a key regional infrastructure initiative. Ministers from both countries discussed ways to manage cost overruns and delays, signalling a potential overhaul of project agreements.

Controversial citizenship bill sparks debate

Law and Justice Minister Lebohang Hlaele defended a proposed amendment to the Citizenship Order, which would reserve high-ranking government positions exclusively for indigenous Basotho. While supporters say it protects national identity, critics warn it risks undermining inclusivity and merit-based governance.

Soaring summer temperatures in Iran and widespread blackouts have pushed the government to shut down public offices in at least 12 provinces and warn of a possible nationwide week-long closure to conserve energy, according to  Iran Open Data .

These unprecedented measures come amid Iran’s deepening water and energy crisis.

Warnings about drought have echoed for years from  Lake Urmia , the  Hur-Al-Azim  Marshes,  Hamun ,  Anzali Lagoon ,  Quru Gol ,  Bakhtegan , and  Zarivar . Yet chronic mismanagement has prevented any real solutions.

The water crisis has now reached Iran’s capital.  Tehran  and  Alborz provinces  are experiencing the most severe water shortages in their history.  As of July 11, 2025, official reports show major drops in dam reserves :  Karaj Dam by 58 percent, Lar by 34 percent, Taleghan by 32 percent , and  Latyan  and  Mamloo collectively by 47 percent . Since the beginning of the water year, inflow to these dams has totaled just  22.4 billion cubic meters —a  43 percent decrease  from last year.

An apocalyptic scenario

The Ministry of Energy has urged  citizens to drastically reduce water usage .  Only 46 percent of the country's dam  capacity is currently full, a decrease of  26 percent from the previous  year. Citizens are now paying the price for decades of governmental mismanagement—just as they did with last year’s  electricity crisis . According to the  spokesperson for Iran’s Water Industry , Tehran,  Alborz , and parts of  Qazvin  are under the highest water stress. Consumption in Tehran must  drop from 3.7 billion to 2.2 billion cubic meters  by 2028.

Experts warn that if consumption is not reduced, Tehran could face an “ apocalyptic ” scenario akin to the prolonged water cutoffs experienced by the  city of Hamedan in 2022 . Beyond the drought itself, much of the crisis stems from poor consumption patterns and a lack of ecological infrastructure.  A member of Tehran’s city council has noted  that the capital’s infrastructure cannot handle population growth and that comparisons to other megacities are misleading. He brings up the importance of consumption reform,  greywater recycling , and halting unrestrained urban development.

The head of the council’s Health Commission  has stated that, although the municipality has allocated significant funds to water transfer projects from the  Taleghan and Lar dams , these efforts are time-consuming and insufficient on their own. Jahangir Parhamat, a natural resources expert, told the outlet  Fararu  that the country is facing an “intensifying and severe crisis.”  He claims Iran is experiencing a drought cycle whose return period could exceed a century .

Statistical analyses show a consistent decline in rainfall, and the past winter saw alarmingly little snow—meaning the mountains were unable to store water to slowly release during the hot season.

Worsening crisis

According to assessments, 2025 marks  the beginning of a difficult era for Iran’s water and energy sectors. Average precipitation during the current  hydrological year was just 101 mm —37  percent below  the long-term average. In Tehran, it has  dropped 46 percent.  Inflow to national reservoirs has  dropped to 9.5 billion cubic meters,   3.5 billion less  than last year. Key dams like  Karaj  and  Lar  have lost much of their storage capacity.  Karaj Dam , with a capacity of  179 million cubic meters , now  holds just 11 million —only 7 percent of its capacity. At the same time last year, it held  29 million cubic meters .

Excessive withdrawal from underground aquifers has worsened the crisis of land subsidence. In some urban areas, the  ground is sinking by up to 30 cm per year —1.5  times highe r than the previous year. Since the 2000s, the government has encouraged drilling deep wells,  leading to around 300,000 illegal and 500,000 legal wells . The  Ministry of Energy  states that groundwater withdrawal should not exceed  48 billion cubic  meters per year—yet current rates exceed  54 billion.

Combined with reduced rainfall and snowmelt, weakened rivers, and management failures, evaporation and over-extraction are intensifying the crisis.  The spokesperson for the water industry  has warned that rationing might be inevitable  in summer 2025.

However, rationing itself brings additional problems: fluctuating pressure, sediment intrusion into household networks, and psychological stress. Tehran consumes five times the national average of drinking water.  With a population near 20 million—driven by industrial , governmental, and migration-related concentration—basic conservation campaigns and plumbing upgrades are insufficient to meet the scale of the crisis.

No solution in sight

Since the late  Pahlavi era , a project known as  Iranrud  has proposed connecting the Sea of Oman to the Caspian Sea to address water shortages. It  resurfaced in the 1990s,  with estimated costs as  high as USD 14 billion . However, decades later, neither Iranrud nor smaller projects — such as reviving  Lake Hamun , redirecting the  Zab River , or transferring water from the  Caspian or Aras rivers to Lake Urmia  — have materialized.

Considering that  over 95 percent of Iran’s water use is in agriculture , focusing solely on urban drinking water is futile unless agriculture and industry are comprehensively restructured. Water must be redefined as a national security asset.

In the short term, no immediate solution exists to resolve Tehran’s crisis as long as the intertwined crises of water, energy, and electricity persist. Given Iran’s economic struggles, international sanctions, and domestic instability, launching mega-projects like  Iranrud  or  Caspian transfers  seems highly improbable. If current policies continue, Tehran may soon become a city governed by strict water rationing—a catastrophe for a metropolis of that size.

With subsidence increasing up to  20 cm in many areas , we are now witnessing visible effects on buildings.  Tehran’s forbidden  plains are host to  over 100,000 wells  that continue to extract groundwater, deepening the crisis. As the situation worsens, affluent groups are retreating to the cooler,  water-rich northern suburbs . Meanwhile, environmental devastation accelerates under the pressure of unchecked housing development and profiteering.

Migration to Tehran continues , and with the concentration of military, industrial, and governmental facilities, the city’s water “trunk” grows more unsustainable. At this point, there may be no choice but to revive proposals—dating back to the monarchy—for relocating the capital.

Experts say the contamination, believed to come from mining activity across the border, poses serious health risks to nearby communities and could affect the larger Mekong River system if left unchecked.

On July 15, the government said it would take action both inside Thailand and through international cooperation.

The decision follows advice from the National Human Rights Commission, which urged stronger protections for communities affected by cross-border pollution.

Locally, Thai agencies will step up water testing and provide free health checks to residents living near the contaminated rivers.

Clean drinking water will be supplied, and long-term plans are being developed to secure safe water sources.

The government also pledged funding to clean up the affected rivers and protect nearby forests and wetlands.

Meanwhile, Thailand will begin diplomatic talks with Myanmar in a bid to stop the pollution at its source.

Officials said they would seek help from other countries in the region and review domestic laws to strengthen future responses to cross-border environmental threats.

The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has been named the lead agency to oversee the response and must report progress to the Cabinet within 30 days.

Authorities fear the pollution could hurt not just public health but also farming, tourism, and biodiversity in the area.

A report last month by the Ministry of Health warned of rising cases of illnesses linked to heavy metals in parts of northern Thailand.

What they said

The Egyptian Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation said, “Egypt firmly rejects Ethiopia’s continued policy of imposing a fait accompli through unilateral actions concerning the Nile River.”

According to reports from Kenyans.co.ke, numerous schools throughout Kenya urged students to remain at home on July 7, due to anticipated Saba Saba protests. This precautionary measure, rooted in past protest-related disruptions on Thika Road, seeks to ensure the safety and well-being of students amidst concerns of civil unrest. A parent revealed that this decision reflects broader parental caution, acknowledging mixed sentiments towards the day. Public Service Cabinet Secretary Geoffrey Ruku confirmed that July 7 is not a public holiday. Meanwhile, calls for peace accompanied the anticipation of the historically significant Saba Saba Day.

Kenya benefits from Global Polio Eradication Initiative

Kenya is poised to receive substantial benefits from a $450 million injection into the Global Polio Eradication Initiative announced at the Rotary International Convention in Calgary. This commitment comes from a collaboration between the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Rotary International, aiming to combat vaccine shortages and bolster immunisation against polio. Insights from UNICEF Kenya’s Dr. Luigi D’Aquino highlight Kenya's strategic initiatives designed to expand vaccine access, address vaccine shortages, and reduce 'zero-dose' children – a challenge exacerbated by vaccine delivery and coverage gaps, especially in urban informal settlements.

Armed attack on Kenya Human Rights Commission preceding protests

An armed gang stormed the Kenya Human Rights Commission headquarters during a press conference on escalating civil violence in Nairobi, ahead of the anticipated Saba Saba Day protests. This incident underscores the mounting tension surrounding economic and governance issues in Kenya, marked by recent violent crackdowns on protests addressing economic stagnation, corruption, and police brutality. Observers, including activist Nerima Wako, highlight the evolving socio-political landscape amid urbanisation, social media influence, and a youthful population, emphasising the changing dynamics in responses to state actions.

Beatrice Chebet's record-breaking 5,000m run

In a landmark victory at the Eugene Diamond League, Kenya's Beatrice Chebet smashed the women's 5,000m world record, clocking in at 13:58.06, becoming the first woman to complete the distance in under 14 minutes. Chebet's strategic preparation, fueled by motivation from the Rome and Faith Kipyegon's near-record performance, showcased her dominance in long-distance running. Her compatriot, Agnes Jebet Ngetich, finished second, raising the bar for international competition and demonstrating the formidable strength of Kenyan long-distance athletes.

Kenya's strategic water management plan

Kenya's water sector, managed by the National Water Harvesting and Storage Authority (NWHSA), is tackling critical challenges through an ambitious strategic plan focusing on infrastructure expansion and enhanced water governance. With anticipated water demand skyrocketing by 2030, major dams and reservoirs, complementing household rainwater harvesting initiatives, are pivotal components of the national strategy to enhance water security, mitigate droughts, and boost agricultural productivity. Emphasising transparency and sustainability, this plan aligns with global environmental goals and exemplifies an integrated approach to water resource management amid escalating climatic and demographic pressures.

The statement comes amid renewed diplomatic tensions after Greece raised the issue at the European Union leaders’ summit in Brussels on June 26. The EU concluded that the 2019 Türkiye–Libya maritime memorandum “violates the sovereign rights of third countries and is not in line with international law,” echoing long-standing objections from both Greece and the Greek Cypriot administration.

“Instead of endorsing legally invalid claims, the EU should call on all its members to comply with international law,” Turkish Foreign Ministry Spokesman Öncü Keçeli posted on X (formerly Twitter), calling the deal “entirely legitimate.”

The maritime memorandum , signed in November 2019 and ratified by Türkiye’s parliament the following month, delineates exclusive economic zones (EEZs) between Libya and Türkiye in the Eastern Mediterranean. In 2022, a follow-up deal granted Türkiye exploration rights offshore and inland in Libya. Greece and several EU states have challenged the legality of both agreements, arguing they infringe on Greek maritime claims, especially around Crete.

Tensions escalated further after Türkiye’s state-owned energy firm, Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO), signed a new agreement on June 25 with Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) for seismic surveys in disputed waters.

The deal was followed by Greece deploying three naval vessels to the region, citing a need to curb migrant flows.

Meanwhile, a Libyan parliamentary source revealed that Libya’s House of Representatives is preparing to vote on ratifying the 2019 maritime agreement with Türkiye, signalling a shift in attitude amid improved ties between Ankara and eastern Libya, with a technical committee being formed to reassess the deal.

The Libyan Parliament’s Committee on Displaced Persons and Refugees slammed the EU’s position, accusing it of “double standards” and attempting to dictate Libya’s foreign policy . The committee insisted that international agreements signed by Libya are the sole prerogative of its sovereign institutions and must not be undermined by external powers.

The Eastern Mediterranean is rich in untapped energy resources and key to controlling migrant routes into Europe. With over 700,000 migrants currently in Libya, according to the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) , both EU and regional powers view the country’s maritime decisions as deeply consequential.

On May 28, 2025, false reports of a plane crash carrying Mauritanian Hajj pilgrims surfaced on social media, claiming that over 200 had perished. Mauritania Airlines refuted these allegations, confirming all of its pilgrims arrived safely. An investigation revealed that the circulating video was from a past incident, and visual flaws indicated the AI-generated nature of accompanying images. These developments highlight the importance of verifying information on social media to avoid the spread of misinformation.

CWP confirms commitment to green hydrogen project in Mauritania

Despite delays in finalising investment decisions for the Aman green hydrogen project in Mauritania due to the absence of offtake agreements, CWP remains committed to the initiative. The project's future hinges on securing these agreements, demonstrating the complexities involved in large-scale renewable energy projects.

Mauritania eliminates Trachoma, honoured by WHO

Mauritania has announced the successful elimination of trachoma , a significant infectious blindness cause, joining Papua New Guinea in this achievement. Recognised by the WHO during the World Health Assembly, this marks a critical milestone in global health efforts against neglected tropical diseases. The elimination reflects the effectiveness of the SAFE strategy and highlights the importance of community engagement and government support in public health initiatives.

Mass demonstrations in support of Gaza in Morocco and Mauritania

On June 13, 2025, thousands in Morocco and Mauritania participated in mass demonstrations, condemning actions against Gaza since October 7, 2023. The protests aimed at expressing solidarity with Palestinians, calling for an end to what participants termed genocide, showcasing significant public unrest and advocacy for humanitarian causes amidst ongoing international conflicts.

Türkiye Diyanet Foundation opens clean water wells in Mauritania

Over the past seven years, the Türkiye Diyanet Foundation has drilled 34 clean water wells in Mauritania, addressing critical water access issues in the desert climate. These solar-powered wells are expected to last significantly longer. The foundation not only aids water supply but also supports local communities through food distribution and educational scholarships, fostering strong ties between Turkish assistance and the Mauritanian public.

Desalination

Desalination is the removal of salt from seawater to produce drinking water.

A proven model: Israel’s desalination success

Israel produces 585 million cubic meters of desalinated water annually, of which 25% is drinking water. The country has largely overcome water scarcity through five coastal plants, with two more plants set to boost output to 900 million cubic meters by 2026, covering 85 to 90% of municipal and industrial needs. Israel has shifted from water stress to surplus, even exporting 200 million cubic meters to Jordan in a 2022 solar-water deal, coupled with a 90% wastewater recycling rate

“Desalination has ended our water worries,” said Tamar Zandberg, Israel’s Environmental Protection Minister, in an interview with Energy Monitor.

Global expansion and economic challenges

The global desalination market is projected to grow from $15.2 billion in 2022 to $22.5 billion by 2026, driven by demand in the US and China ( Global Industry Analysts, 2023 ). High costs remain a barrier since large-scale plants cost hundreds of millions to build, and operating expenses range from $0.50–$1.50 per cubic meter, with Israel’s Sorek B plant setting a low benchmark at $0.41/m3. These costs are less feasible for poorer nations, where project financing and labour expenses are less favourable, according to Christopher Gasson of Global Water Intelligence.

Sub-Saharan Africa faces a projected 163% surge in water demand by 2050, which exemplifies the challenge. While 186 desalination plants are under construction globally, most are in wealthier regions like the Middle East, where renewable energy adoption remains low, which is less than 20% in desert nations.

Energy and environmental hurdles

Desalination’s energy demands, accounting for 0.4% of global electricity and 10% in Israel, pose a significant obstacle. For desalination to align with net-zero goals, renewable energy must replace fossil fuels. It is estimated that solar-powered desalination could reduce costs from $2.60/m3 in 2015 to $1.05/m3 by 2050, making it more viable, a 2020 study by Christian Breyer reveals.

Innovations like Oneka’s wave-powered buoys , which use ocean motion to drive reverse osmosis, and Desolenator’s solar-powered, zero-liquid-discharge systems are reducing emissions and land use. Morocco’s planned desalination plant will serve 9.3 million people by 2030, and Namibia’s Walvis Bay project highlights growing adoption in Africa, according to FairPlanet.

A partial solution

The process is not a panacea but a vital tool that addresses immediate shortages, as seen in Israel and planned projects like Cape Town’s climate-resilient plant. Its high costs and energy demands limit accessibility for low-income nations. Environmental concerns, such as the impact of brine disposal on marine ecosystems, persist, though green innovations are mitigating these risks. Complementary strategies like water recycling, drip irrigation, and demand reduction can reduce reliance on desalination.

With 20,000 plants producing 25 billion gallons daily and a market projected to hit $37 billion by 2032, desalination is expanding. Water scarcity remains a top global threat, the World Economic Forum’s 2024 Global Risks Report notes.

For desalination to be a sustainable solution, it must be paired with renewable energy and equitable financing to ensure access for all.

Panama City Mayor Mayer Mizrachi proposed prioritising Bitcoin payments for Panama Canal transit fees at the Bitcoin 2025 conference. The canal, handling 5% of global trade, earned $5 billion from nearly 10,000 transits in fiscal 2024, despite drought-related caps. Mizrachi believes Bitcoin could streamline payments and attract tech-driven logistics firms, citing Panama’s current acceptance of Bitcoin for taxes. He’s seeking to expand this to canal fees without legislative approval, amid economic and geopolitical challenges. Former President Trump has called for regaining U.S. control of the canal, adding urgency to Panama’s modernisation efforts.

Chiquita Panama to lay off all workers as management exits

Chiquita Panama's management has left the country , and the company is seeking government approval to lay off remaining staff, the labour minister said. This follows the firing of 5,000 workers after a strike at a banana farm, which resulted in $75 million in losses. Thousands protested amid broader social issues, with President Mulino calling the strike illegal.

Panama denies involvement in enforcing Iran sanctions

Panama rejects claims by United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI) CEO Mark D. Wallace that it fails to enforce sanction s. Through its Panama Maritime Authority (AMP), the country has de-flagged over 650 ships since 2019 to uphold international standards, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Panama works closely with the U.S. government, sharing ship registry details to fight terrorism financing and illegal fishing. In 2019, Panama signed the Registry Information Sharing Compact with other maritime nations to notify members of ships involved in sanctionable activities. Recent actions include new ship-to-ship transfer rules and Executive Decree No. 512, empowering Panama to de-flag vessels linked to sanctions. So far, 214 ships and 12 million GT have been removed. Panama remains committed to international maritime conventions and continues its cooperation with the U.S.

Panama’s Bitcoin policy and global financial stability impact

Panama City Mayor Mayer Mizrachi proposed allowing Bitcoin payments for Panama Canal tolls, stirring excitement and concern. Supporters argue it would streamline payments , reduce banking fees, and attract tech companies, transforming Panama into a digital hub. They also see Bitcoin as a tool to modernise the canal’s competitiveness in global trade. Critics, however, warn of Bitcoin’s volatility—a sudden price drop could hurt Panama’s revenue, which supports key services. They also fear regulatory backlash from countries wary of crypto’s ties to evading traditional finance. The debate: Can Bitcoin enhance trade or will it destabilise Panama’s economy?

Panama removes 650+ ships amid sanctions, tougher rules

Panama’s Maritime Authority has removed over 650 ships from its registry since 2019 to comply with U.S. sanctions and enforce stricter rules. Since last year, 214 ships have been withdrawn under new measures allowing faster action against violators. Panama responded to UANI’s criticism, which accused Panama of facilitating Iran’s oil trade and undermining sanctions. Panama says it shares information with other flag countries and enforces rules against ships that evade tracking.

Governor I Wayan Koster said the ban would take effect in January next year.

He has ordered bottled water companies to stop producing bottles under one litre immediately and to clear remaining stocks before the deadline.

The decision comes amid mounting concern over Bali’s environmental crisis.

A 2019 study showed the island produces over 1.6 million tonnes of waste each year, with plastic waste making up over 300,000 tonnes.

Nearly half of it is not properly managed, and around 33,000 tonnes leak into rivers and oceans annually.

Officials say plastic water bottles are a major part of the problem, filling already overcrowded landfill sites and clogging waterways during the rainy season.

In recent months, flash floods linked to blocked rivers have damaged homes and tourist areas.

Koster said the new policy aims to protect Bali’s image as a clean and natural destination.

He warned that without urgent environmental action, the island’s tourism industry and economy could suffer. 

The central government has backed Bali’s plan, with leaders saying the province could set an example for the rest of Indonesia.

The bottle ban follows earlier rules that banned plastic bags, straws, and Styrofoam across many businesses and institutions.

Under the new policy, companies that ignore the rules risk losing their permits, while villages that fail to enforce the law may lose government funding.

Authorities are also urging residents and businesses to compost organic waste and recycle non-organic waste to reduce pressure on landfills.

The Authority for Public Services Regulation said no cuts are allowed between 5:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. local time, or before weekends and official holidays.

Gulf News reports that the ban also covers the full period of the General Education Diploma exams and the holy month of Ramadan.

Officials say the decision is meant to ensure families and students are not disrupted during critical times. The rule applies to both electricity and water providers across the country.

To ease pressure during the hot season, Oman has also reduced electricity bills for residents from May to August, when demand usually peaks.

People who qualify for extra help can apply for the National Subsidy System, which offers support based on income and place of residence.

The move comes as the country’s energy use continues to grow.

In 2024, electricity production rose by more than 7%, driven by higher output in several regions. The electricity and water sectors contributed 2.5% to Oman’s economy last year.

Oman is also pushing ahead with new investments in power and water, including cleaner energy options.

The country’s electricity demand is expected to keep rising in the next few years.

The lack of rain and rising heat are damaging crops, drying up water sources, and turning pasturelands to dust, making life harder for families who depend on farming and livestock to survive.

The report also shows a decline in vegetation growth, which points to worsening drought conditions.

“Much of Afghanistan is facing a dangerous drop in rainfall and a rise in temperatures. This is not only harming the land, but also pushing more people into poverty and hunger,” parts of the statement said .

More than 60% of Afghans rely on agriculture for work, but years of unpredictable weather, shrinking water levels, and poor management of natural resources have left many communities struggling.

Without strong water systems and better ways to store rainwater, the country is not equipped to handle

The UN is calling on global donors and regional leaders to help.

The report notes that Afghanistan needs urgent support to build sustainable water systems, improve farming methods, and set up early warning tools to prepare for future droughts.

Helping local communities adapt is key to protecting their future.

As the climate crisis deepens, the UN says only a united and long-term effort can prevent more damage to the country’s environment and avoid further humanitarian emergencies.

This helps the government and farmers find better ways to save water and still increase their harvest.

The project is focused on three regions in Uzbekistan and covers more than five million hectares of land. About 1.6 million hectares of this is farmland. The system is being used to track ten major crops.

In the Fergana Valley, the entire water system has been digitised. This includes rivers, canals, and irrigation systems. Every field and crop can now be seen clearly on a digital map.

The system also tracks water pumps, wells, and how water flows through the land.

Officials say this technology helps show which farms use water wisely and which do not.

Some farms get high yields using less water, while others use a lot of water but get poor results. The government can now use this information to guide farmers on how to do better.

About 90 percent of Uzbekistan’s water is used in agriculture but almost half of it goes to waste.

Experts believe this new system will increase wheat yields by 30 to 40 percent, without using more water. This can help the country grow more food and protect its water at the same time.

“In Central Asia, climate change is making it harder to manage water. Using satellites, we can now see exactly how water is used and help farmers do more with less,” said Mukhiddin Ibragimov, Deputy Director of UzSpace.

Speaking at a press briefing on Thursday, Boko emphasised that the decision was made to provide affordable water access for ordinary citizens while requiring government agencies to shoulder a greater financial burden, Mmegi reports.

"We are looking at making it easier for households to survive," Boko stated. "At the same time, government agencies must play their part in ensuring sustainability by paying more for their usage."

The Water Utilities Corporation (WUC), the state-owned water supplier, has been grappling with financial challenges due to mounting debts, with millions of pula owed by consumers, including businesses and government departments. The financial strain has affected WUC’s ability to maintain and upgrade water infrastructure.

While the reduction in household water costs will provide relief to consumers, the ability of the increased government tariffs to offset revenue losses remains uncertain. Some experts question whether the adjustment will help bridge the financial gap or further burden the already strained water provider.

For households, the reduction in tariffs is expected to free up disposable income, easing financial pressures amid rising living costs. However, government agencies will need to adjust their budgets to accommodate higher water costs, which could lead to cutbacks in other areas of public spending.

Jolinette Gaba, a 24-year-old mother, described the dire situation as she struggled to find water for her seven-month-old baby.

"We've been here since midnight to fetch water despite the insecurity in certain areas of our neighborhoods. When we come here, we can stay for hours and hours before we get water to prepare food for our children . If there's no water, we have to stay no matter what time it is. Sometimes we get some around 5 PM. The day before yesterday, I left home at 5 AM and got back around 5 PM without finding any,” she told the AFP.

She also shared the impact on childcare, explaining how she is forced to leave her baby at home to search for water. “If I can't find any water, the baby's clothes may be left for two or three days in a basin of dirty water, often full of germs. How are we supposed to live in these conditions ?,” she added.

The crisis is also crippling local businesses. Patrick Kourama, a vendor at the Boyrabe market, explained how the blackouts have led to food spoilage and financial losses.

Kourama said, “Most of our products are frozen, so it's thanks to electricity that we can preserve them to sell to our customers. Products like chicken wings, backs, and thighs need to be fresh. The worst thing is fish like tuna, which spoils very easily without electricity.”

Tanzania’s Health Ministry has confirmed the country’s first two cases of mpox. The patients, who showed symptoms like rash, fever, headache, and throat pain, are now in isolation. One case involves a truck driver who entered from a neighbouring country. According to The Star , authorities said samples were tested at the national lab and confirmed on Saturday, March 8. The government is enhancing disease surveillance at borders, raising public awareness, and encouraging preventive measures.

UNESCO launches $8 million water initiative in Tanzania and Kenya

UNESCO has launched an $8 million project to improve groundwater management in Tanzania and Kenya, focusing on preserving 400 acres of Mount Kilimanjaro’s forest—a key water source for over two million people. Funded by the Global Environment Facility and implemented with the FAO, the initiative aims to boost water security through aquifer mapping and community engagement, providing clean water access to 100,000 more people. Officials emphasised the urgency of protecting Kilimanjaro’s melting glaciers and ensuring long-term water sustainability, according to Atta Travels .

Unicef chief calls for greater investment in Tanzanian children

Unicef Executive Director Catherine Russell visited education and health programs in Tanzania’s Songwe Region, urging greater investment in children and adolescent girls to break the cycle of poverty. She praised Tanzania’s progress in expanding access to education, healthcare, and nutrition, especially for girls, and emphasized that investing in children is key to the country’s future. The Citizen reports that Unicef is working with the government to reduce child marriage and teenage pregnancies—affecting nearly 45% of girls in Songwe—through education, skills training, and health services.

NHIF’s new healthcare coverage to support 1.2 million poor Tanzanian households

The National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) has launched a new initiative to provide basic healthcare support to 1.2 million vulnerable Tanzanian households unable to afford medical costs. Implemented under Section 25 of the Universal Health Insurance Act, the program will be carried out with the President’s Office and the Tanzania Social Action Fund (Tasaf). Health Minister Jenista Mhagama noted that out of 14.8 million households in mainland Tanzania, 3.9 million are economically disadvantaged, with 1.2 million identified as extremely poor. NHIF Director General Dr. Irene Isaka said beneficiaries will be identified through local government authorities, reports The Citizen .

Tanzania to build mega-conference centre in Arusha to rival Nairobi’s KICC

Tanzania’s Arusha International Conference Centre (AICC) has partnered with the Public Service Social Security Fund (PSSSF) to build the Mount Kilimanjaro International Conference Centre (MKICC), a Tsh385 billion state-of-the-art facility. NTV reported that the centre will include a 5,000-seat auditorium, a five-star hotel with 500 rooms, a 20,000-square-metre commercial space, parking for 2,000 vehicles, and a helipad. Set to be completed by 2027, MKICC aims to rival Kenya’s Kenyatta International Conference Centre.

The project will start in the capital Harare, where a new water treatment plant and better infrastructure for water distribution will be built.

Private companies will help handle the entire process, including purifying water, delivering it to homes, billing, and managing wastewater.

The prepaid smart metres will also ensure more accurate billing and replace the current system that has been criticised for being inefficient and unfair.

This comes after challenges with Harare’s billing system with residents complaining about being charged for services they did not receive.

Illegal water connections and tampering with metres have also made it difficult to collect money for water services.

The Ministry of Local Government and Public Works is working with private companies to implement the project, Minister Daniel Garwe confirmed to The Sunday Times .

According to him, teams are already assessing water systems in different areas to ensure the project runs smoothly. The number of smart metres needed will be decided once these assessments are complete.

Harare Mayor Jacob Mafume said the new smart meters will allow people to see how much water they are using in real-time

This he says, will help residents make better choices about how much water they consume. At the same time, it will help the council recover the costs of treating and supplying water.

WorldMeters reveals that, In Chad, clean water remains out of reach for nearly half the country’s children. Decades of instability, violence, and sluggish recovery following dictatorship have severely hampered progress in developing sustainable water systems. The lack of access to safe water contributes to widespread health and economic challenges, particularly in rural areas.

Due to rapid urbanisation and a growing population, Mozambique faces mounting pressure on its water systems. These challenges are felt most acutely in rural regions, where infrastructure struggles to meet increasing demand. Efforts to expand access have been overshadowed by the country’s fast-paced development and limited resources.

The Democratic Republic of Congo is among the poorest countries in the world, with vast disparities between wealthy and impoverished populations. Among the poorest, only 15% have access to basic water services, highlighting the deep inequities within the nation. The lack of access to clean water perpetuates cycles of poverty, with profound impacts on health and education.

In Tanzania, over 8 million people rely on surface water daily. While there have been notable improvements in sanitation in recent years, the reliance on unsafe water sources continues to pose significant health risks, particularly in underserved rural communities.

These global water crises underscore the urgent need for coordinated efforts to improve infrastructure, support development, and address inequalities in access to clean water. Without immediate action, millions will remain trapped in cycles of poverty and vulnerability driven by a basic human need that remains unmet.

Africa’s longest river, the Nile, spans 6,650 kilometres and flows through 11 countries, including Egypt, Sudan, and Uganda, finally reaching the Mediterranean Sea. For centuries, its waters have been essential to agriculture, trade, and culture in North and East Africa.

The Congo River, Africa’s second-longest at 4,700 kilometres, flows through the Congo Basin, passing through the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Central African Republic.

Other major rivers like the Niger and the Zambezi are just as crucial in Africa. The Niger, stretching 4,200 kilometres across West Africa, is vital to farmers, fishers, and traders along its banks. The Zambezi, known for the stunning Victoria Falls, flows 2,600 kilometres and fuels major hydroelectric projects, including the Kariba Dam, which powers parts of Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Here’s a compilation of Africa’s longest rivers.

Surf Abu Dhabi is designed to be the ultimate surfing destination, featuring the most advanced wave pool technology developed in collaboration with the Kelly Slater Wave Company.

This partnership ensures that the waves produced are not only the largest but also the most consistent and high-performing, replicating the power and excitement of ocean swells with precision.

In an interview with AFP, the general manager for the facility, Ryan Watkins described it as "the longest man-made barrelling wave on the planet," adding "We've also got the tallest wave in the world, which is what us surfers would call well over head high, but it's, you know, by the ruler, six to nine feet of a barrelling perfect wave."

The facility offers a variety of waves tailored to different skill levels, from gentle rolling waves for beginners to high-performance barrels for advanced surfers. This makes it an ideal spot for both novice surfers looking to learn and seasoned professionals seeking to hone their skills.

"The only difference here is that it's a perfect wave every time. Whereas in the ocean, a lot of variables. We can create whatever ocean wave you want here in the basin. So if you're a beginner and you want perfect two-foot foamies, we got it for you. If you want to get barrelled for 10 seconds, we got it for you. So, while we're not exactly the same as the ocean, we certainly are the closest thing you'll ever get to that," Ryan added.

The highly anticipated Surf Abu Dhabi is set to open to the public in October 2024. As the largest and most advanced wave facility in the world, it is expected to attract surfers from around the globe, making it a must-visit destination for anyone passionate about the sport.

“Understanding the Martian water cycle is critical for understanding the evolution of the climate, surface and interior,” said Dr Vashan Wright, a geophysicist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, who led the study.

The discovery came from data collected by NASA’s Mars InSight Lander, which has been studying Mars since 2018. The lander’s seismometer recorded vibrations from Marsquakes over four years, revealing “seismic signals” that indicated the presence of liquid water.

Professor Michael Manga from the University of California, Berkeley, a co-author of the study, discussed the implications for Mars’ habitability. “Establishing that there is a big reservoir of liquid water provides some window into what the climate was like or could be like," Manga said.

"Without liquid water, you don't have life," Prof Manga told the BBC . "So if there are habitable environments on Mars, those may be now deep underground."

Prof Manga has also explained that the techniques used in the discovery are "the same techniques we use to prospect for water on Earth, or to look for oil and gas."

Despite the exciting possibilities, accessing this water would be challenging. Although there is water ice at the Martian poles and evidence of vapour in the atmosphere, this is the first confirmation of liquid water on Mars.

Mexican synchronised divers Osmar Olvera Ibarra and Juan Manuel Celaya won the silver medal in the synchronised 3-meter springboard event at the Paris Olympics. They narrowly missed gold, but their performance was praised for its power and elegance. Coached by Ma Jin, the duo made history by becoming the first Mexicans to win a medal in this competition. According to Mexico News Daily , the president Andrés Manuel López Obrador and the Defense Ministry (Sedena) congratulated them, and their silver medal marked Mexico's 76th medal in the history of the Summer Olympics.

Oxxo store chain reopens branches

Mexico's largest convenience store chain, Oxxo, will reopen 191 stores in Nuevo Laredo after closing due to drug cartel threats. The company reached an agreement with authorities for increased police presence and panic buttons in the stores. The closures highlight the impact of gang demands on businesses, as cartels increasingly try to control sales and pricing of goods. It was forced to close the stores after gang members abducted two employees and demanded information. The problem is not limited to smaller businesses, as larger corporations are also being targeted. The American Chamber of Commerce reported that 12% of its members have experienced organised crime taking control of their sales and distribution. The head of a business federation in Tamaulipas state was shot to death after speaking out about cartel extortion. Oxxo stores are targeted due to their widespread presence in Mexico. AP News reports that in 2022, gangs set fire to about two dozen Oxxo stores in Guanajuato to protest the arrest of a cartel leader. In 2009, severed heads were found in Styrofoam coolers with the Oxxo logo in Jalisco.

Rainfall boosts water capacity

July rains have boosted low water levels in Mexico City's reservoirs, especially in the Cutzamala system, which provides a quarter of the city's water. The system's reservoirs received above average rainfall in July, leading to a significant recovery in water levels. The main reservoirs in the system have seen an increase in their storage capacity, with some reaching their highest levels since 2016. Other reservoirs across Mexico have also seen improvements in their storage capacity, Mexico News Dail y reports. Additionally, efforts are being made to clean and de-silt the Cutzamala system to facilitate drainage and reduce flooding risks.

Drone attacks

Drug cartels in Mexico are using bomb-dropping drones to attack the army, causing casualties and creating a warzone in the region of Michoacan. According to Fox News , these attacks, carried out by cartels like Jalisco, have resulted in numerous deaths and injuries. The army is now adding anti-drone systems to combat these threats. In addition to drone attacks, the cartels are also flooding major U.S. cities with meth and fentanyl, contributing to the worst drug crisis in U.S. history. Former President Trump has stated that strikes against the Mexican drug cartels are still on the table.

False earthquake alarm

Mexico City residents were startled by a false earthquake alarm that was activated by mistake. The Center for Seismic Instrumentation and Registry (CIRES) admitted to the error, attributing it to preparations for a National Drill. Social media reactions ranged from humorous to critical. The earthquake alarm is designed to give residents enough time to evacuate buildings before a quake hits. Mexico News Daily reports that the last major earthquake in Mexico City occurred in 2017, killing 370 people and injuring over 6,000.

Libya's National Oil Company has denied negotiations to supply crude to Nigerian refineries, despite claims by the Dangote refinery. The refinery, facing challenges in securing adequate crude in Nigeria, is exploring supply options from Libya and Angola to meet its growing demand. The Dangote Refinery, with a capacity of 650,000 barrels per day, aims to reduce Nigeria's dependence on imported fuel, Nairametrics reports.

Church of Nigeria's stance on same-sex marriage

The Church of Nigeria condemned the recent approval of same-sex marriage liturgy by the Church of England, calling it a departure from Biblical teachings. According to The Guardian , they warned of potential consequences on the unity of the Anglican Communion and expressed solidarity with other Anglican provinces that uphold traditional Biblical teachings.

Protests

Nigeria could lose N400 billion daily due to a proposed protest scheduled for August 1, 2024, according to the Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise (CPPE). Businessday reports that the CEO Muda Yusuf warns of severe consequences for the economy and citizens, with risks to various sectors and potential social unrest. CPPE urges protesters to cooperate with police to protest peacefully and the government to implement an economic stabilisation plan.

Olympics performance

Nigeria scored a surprising victory over Australia in the women's basketball opener at the 2024 Summer Olympics. This win came after the team faced adversity, including being denied access to the opening ceremony boat. It was Nigeria's first Olympic win in 20 years. APNews reports that the team is aiming to reach the quarterfinals, which no African country has ever done in women's basketball.

Quality water supply

Rite Place Health Initiative warns of impending waterborne disease crisis in Nigeria if the government does not prioritise quality water supply. The Executive Director emphasises the need to address both access and quality of water to prevent diseases. The Initiative is organising a conference to mobilise stakeholders and address public health concerns related to water quality. They are committed to collecting data on water-related health issues and collaborating with partners to provide clean, quality water to Nigerians, The Guardian reports.

Former chairman of Vietnamese electronics company Asanzo, Pham Van Tam, has been indicted for tax evasion, along with the legal representative and CEO of the company, Pham Xuan Tinh. The company imported Chinese products and sold them as locally made merchandise in 2019, evading a total of VND15.7 billion (US$616,770) in value-added and excise duties, Tuoi Tre News reports.

Cuts on income tax

Vietnam is considering cutting the corporate income tax for small and micro-sized enterprises to 15-17 percent, down from the current 20 percent. The move is aimed at promoting the development of the private economic sector and encouraging the transition from business households into enterprises. According to The Star , there are currently about 900,000 enterprises in Vietnam, with small and micro-sized enterprises accounting for nearly 94 percent.

Clean water management

South Sumatra and Vietnam signed a memorandum of understanding on clean water management. They discussed potential cooperation in human resources and technology. Vietnam sees Indonesia as a promising partner for investment in the water industry. The agreement aims to improve the management and provision of clean water in South Sumatra, Antara Indonesian News Agency reports.

Vietnam-Cambodia diplomatic relations

Cambodian media, including Agence Kampuchea Press and Koh Santepheap Daily, are highlighting the 57-year diplomatic relations between Vietnam and Cambodia. The articles emphasize the strong and enduring friendship between the two countries, particularly in politics and security. Both countries prioritize their relationship and are working towards further development and cooperation in various fields. Viet Nam News reports that this reflects their commitment to mutual support and success in national development.

Yoga tours

Sa Pa resort town in Lào Cai province launched yoga tours for 2024 as part of the 10th International Yoga Day celebrations. The event included a mass yoga performance by 500 trainers and participants and showcased the beauty of Sa Pa as a perfect location for immersive yoga experiences. The theme of the International Yoga Day was "Yoga for self and society", emphasising the unity of mind, body, and soul, and promoting harmony between humans and nature. According to Viet Nam News , new yoga tours for 2024 were also introduced, offering visitors yoga and meditation experiences at popular local tourist destinations.

Namibia achieved a 99% HIV-free birth rate for babies born to HIV-positive mothers in 2023. The country was recognised by the World Health Organisation for its progress in eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV and hepatitis B. Namibia has also received recognition for its efforts to meet UNAIDS fast-track targets. According to The Namibian , the country aims to achieve an MTCT rate of less than 2% by 2028 and has implemented a government-funded program to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child. The health minister also discussed the launch of an Africa Health Workforce Investment Charter at a recent summit, which aims to address challenges related to the health workforce in Africa.

Water supply to Namibian capital threatened

Water levels at the Von Bach Dam in Namibia are critically low, threatening the water supply of the capital city, Windhoek. As reported by Xinhua , the reservoir is at only 11.3% of its capacity, and officials warn that it could dry out entirely by the beginning of 2025. This situation highlights the urgent need for sustainable water management practices and the vulnerability of Namibia's water resources in the face of climate change.

No side effects of AstraZeneca vaccine recorded

Namibia Ministry of Health assures no side effects from AstraZeneca vaccine. The vaccine was discontinued due to new coronavirus variants and a decline in demand. No adverse effects have been recorded, and those who received the vaccine should not worry. AstraZeneca estimates the vaccine saved over 6.5 million lives and is no longer being manufactured. If feeling unwell, individuals are advised to seek medical assessment, adds The Namibian .

Lecturer investigated over sex for grades

The Namibia University of Science and Technology (Nust) is investigating a senior lecturer for sexual harassment after students reported the incident to the university's HR office. The lecturer was allegedly seen being escorted from campus by security guards carrying a mattress. Reports from The Namibian indicate that the university has confirmed ongoing investigations into the matter, and the Students' Union of Namibia president has called for tougher policies to protect students from such incidents. Students’ Union of Namibia (SUN) president Benhard Kavau says relationships between students and lecturers compromise the quality of education. “It is not allowed for a lecturer to have a relationship with a student. It comes with self-respect, because the moment a lecturer has such relationships, it is a conflict of interest because it compromises the quality of education. How do we then trust that student A is performing well and student B is not performing well if there is a conflict of interest? So, in most cases students will be disadvantaged,” he says. Kavau says Nust must toughen up its policies so that students are protected against such incidents.

Namibia to open hydrogen production plant

Namibia is set to open a hydrogen production plant this year as part of a joint venture between Cleanergy Solutions Namibia and the Ohlthaver & List (O&L) Group. The facility will use solar energy to produce green hydrogen for use in small ships, port equipment, trucks, and railway applications. Additionally, the venture aims to position the Port of Walvis Bay as a low-carbon logistics supply chain and plans to launch the first hydrogen-powered ship in Africa. A 'Hydrogen Academy' will also be established onsite to upskill workers on hydrogen technology, Riviera reports. The hydrogen production plant is the first phase of a five-year plan to develop several projects, including ammonia bunkering, pipelines, and large-scale hydrogen and ammonia production.

Zimbabwe is facing a significant drop in cereal production due to a drought, leading to a projected deficit of 1.4 million tonnes. To address this challenge, the government is taking proactive measures, including partnering with donor agencies for food distribution and lifting bans on genetically modified maize imports. The private sector is also being urged to import grain to supplement local supplies, local news outlet Zawya reports.

Recruitment scams

The Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Services has issued a warning to the public regarding recruitment scams by con artists posing as representatives of the organisation. They emphasise the importance of verifying official communication through recognised channels, such as the official Facebook and X accounts, and warn against engaging in any financial transactions related to the recruitment process. According to Chronicle , the organisation has also stated that it will prosecute individuals found defrauding people in its name.

Chinese-funded rabbit breeding program for farmers

Zimbabwean farmers are benefitting from a Chinese-funded rabbit breeding program aimed at boosting rabbit farming in the country. The program focuses on training, market access, and value addition, in response to the growing demand for rabbit meat in the country. The potential for exports to China is also being explored, presenting lucrative business opportunities for farmers, English News reports.

University of Zimbabwe National Cookout competition

The University of Zimbabwe is hosting a National Cookout Competition in the capital Harare, initiated by the First Lady Dr. Auxillia Mnangagwa to showcase cultural diversity and celebrate diverse foods. The event aims to address food security issues in Africa and will feature local cuisines from different regions over two days, according to Chronicle .

Zimbabwe and South Africa sign water sharing agreement

Zimbabwe and South Africa have signed a water-sharing agreement to transfer treated water from Beitbridge, a province of Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe to Musina, a northernmost town in the Limpopo province of South Africa, addressing water supply challenges in the area. Sanews reports that the project is set to be completed in 2026 and will comply with South Africa's water quality standards. Both countries are committed to ensuring the success of the agreement, and interim measures are being implemented to address current water supply challenges in Musina.