The candidates also discussed public healthcare and the COVID-19 pandemic under the presidency of Flávio Bolsonaro’s father, Jair Bolsonaro. Flávio acknowledged shortcomings in his father’s handling of the crisis, saying: “I’ll offer a mea culpa here.”

The debate took place as both candidates sought to attract undecided voters ahead of the second round. Bolsonaro received 47% of the vote in the first round on 4 October, compared with Lula’s 45%.

A second televised debate is scheduled for 23 October, two days before Brazilians go to the polls .

The dispute began after Lula's campaign accused Meta, which owns Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp, of restricting the reach of its political content and limiting its ability to promote posts. The campaign also raised concerns after tests suggested that Meta AI generated election-related images for Flávio Bolsonaro but refused similar requests involving Lula.

On 15 October, Brazil's Superior Electoral Court (TSE) ordered Meta not to reduce the distribution of posts related to presidential candidates, block recommendations or restrict search results. The decision also required equal treatment for both campaigns and established a daily fine of R$500,000 (approximately US$99,000) for non-compliance

The following day, the court confirmed the order, which included measures to prevent unequal treatment of the candidates' content during the final stage of the campaign. Meta said it had temporarily prohibited recommendations of candidates and the generation of images of them in line with Brazilian electoral rules.

However, the court later found the company's explanations insufficient. On 18 October, Bellizze gave Meta 24 hours to provide clear reports in Portuguese detailing the measures it had taken and distinguishing those required by the court from those introduced by the company itself.

Meta has denied political bias, attributing the issues identified on its platforms to technical problems. The court's proceedings concern the platform's handling and distribution of electoral content, rather than the legality of the candidates' own campaign messages.

With the run-off scheduled for 25 October, the case has brought renewed attention to the role of social media platforms and artificial intelligence in Brazil's electoral process.

For more information, read the full article on Global South World Brazil.

Lula has presented the proposal as a victory for workers, arguing that two days off would allow people to spend more time with their families and care for their children . At the rally, supporters urged voters to back his re-election, while Janja said ending the 6x1 rota would be a major achievement, particularly for women.

Bad Bunny’s team authorised Lula’s campaign to use and adapt the song for the electoral video, which was released on September 24, in a Portuguese version. The original song, from the Puerto Rican singer’s album Debí Tirar Más Fotos ( I Should Have Taken More Photos), reflects on Puerto Rico’s history and warns about the loss of land, culture and identity, drawing parallels with the impact of US influence on the island.

The adapted song retains the original melody while incorporating themes related to Brazil, including its territory, rivers, beaches and rare earth minerals. The campaign video also references US President Donald Trump and criticism of foreign influence, echoing Lula’s recent emphasis on Brazilian sovereignty during his address to the UN General Assembly.

The initiative follows similar social media campaigns in South Africa , where thousands of people changed their profile pictures to purple to raise awareness of gender-based violence and femicide.

India’s Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman highlighted the country’s growing economic influence after presenting the Union Budget 2026–27, noting India contributes about 17 % of global GDP growth, second only to China and ahead of the United States , based on IMF-projected data shared by Elon Musk. She said this reflects India’s resilience and structural strength amid global headwinds, including trade uncertainty and geopolitical risk, urging critics to acknowledge this shift. Sitharaman argued that continued reforms, infrastructure investment and productivity expansion will help close the gap with China. The remarks also served a domestic political message to the opposition, underscoring growth as a point of national pride.

Telangana’s KTR slams Congress after SIT questioning of former CM

In Telangana, Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS) working president K.T. Rama Rao (KTR) accused the Congress-led state government of political vendetta and diversionary tactics after his father and former chief minister K. Chandrashekar Rao (KCR) was questioned for hours by a Special Investigation Team (SIT) in an alleged phone-tapping case. KTR described the government’s actions as an attempt to distract from administrative failures ahead of the upcoming local elections. He claimed the SIT did not follow legal norms and urged the media not to rely on unofficial leaks, emphasising that KCR cooperated out of respect for the law. BRS leaders framed the probe as politically motivated rather than a genuine investigation, heightening tensions in state politics.

Assam poll battle takes shape amid polarisation and fractured opposition

In the poll-bound state of Assam, political analysts say Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma is leveraging polarisation, especially around fears about “Miya” Muslims of Bengali origin, to strengthen the ruling BJP’s electoral base. The Congress and other opposition parties remain divided and struggle to present a cohesive alternative, even as welfare schemes and infrastructure development play in Sarma’s favour. Critics argue this early polarising tone might entrench social divisions around ethnicity and religion rather than focus solely on policy. Allegations of manipulation of electoral rolls have also surfaced, adding to the contested political context.

Rare BJP–Congress local front reshapes Malegaon civic politics

Ahead of the mayoral and deputy mayoral election in Malegaon Municipal Corporation (Maharashtra), corporators from traditional rivals the BJP and Congress formed an independent group called Bharatiya Vikas Aghadi to influence the civic body where no party has a clear majority. The largest party in the corporation, the ISLAM (Indian Secular Largest Assembly of Maharashtra) Party, holds 35 seats but needs allies to secure power. The unexpected cooperation between BJP and Congress councillors could tilt the power dynamics in the 84-member body and affect who becomes mayor. This unusual alliance highlights evolving local political strategies.

Sunetra Pawar faces party leadership challenge after Ajit Pawar’s death

In Maharashtra national politics, opinion columnists note that Sunetra Pawar, following the sudden death of her husband Ajit Pawar (a senior leader in the Nationalist Congress Party), faces significant tests in holding the party together amid a competitive political environment. Analysts argue that beyond the symbolic moment of her elevation, the real challenge lies in how male party figures and rival alliances respond within the state’s complex power landscape. These dynamics come as regional parties adjust strategies ahead of future elections .

In a session of the National Citizen Security Council, José Jerí rejected any responsibility for the current rise in criminality, instead placing the blame on previous government s and several former Interior Ministers. He argued that structural failures inherited from past administrations created today’s security crisis. Jerí insisted that his government is working to reverse this deterioration and promised that the current administration will leave a meaningful “legacy” in the field of citizen security. He reiterated that current challenges stem from long-standing institutional weaknesses rather than recent decisions.

Presidential candidate Rafael Belaúnde survives attack on his vehicle

Rafael Belaúnde, presidential candidate for Libertad Popular, was wounded when gunmen fired at his vehicle in Cerro Azul, leaving the car with multiple bullet impacts. Despite the severity of the attack, Belaúnde was not seriously injured and has begun formal procedures by filing a police report. The incident has fuelled concern about political violence during an already contentious pre-electoral period. The attack occurs as Peru moves towards the 2026 elections, heightening fears over the safety of candidates and the broader democratic environment.

Peru calls for calm over disputed Peru-Chile border territory

Amid rising public debate over the precise definition of the Peru–Chile border, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a formal statement clarifying the government’s position on territorial limits. The statement seeks to ease tensions and reinforce Peru’s official interpretation amid renewed scrutiny of the boundary line. Authorities emphasise that border issues require responsible handling to protect diplomatic stability. The episode highlights the sensitivity of territorial matters in the relationship between the two neighbouring countries.

Landslide in Iparia leaves at least 12 dead, dozens missing

A major landslide struck the fluvial port of Iparia in the Ucayali region, causing a section of the riverbank to collapse and dragging two boats underwater. At least 12 people, including children, were confirmed dead, while dozens more — among them Indigenous residents, medical workers and teachers — remain missing. The disaster has prompted urgent rescue efforts as authorities and families await updates. The scale of the incident has shocked local communities and intensified calls for improved disaster-risk prevention in riverine areas.

Agrarian exports surge 212 %

Peru’s agrarian exports expanded by an estimated 212% over the past nine months, reaching nearly US$9.8 billion, according to industry data. This growth is largely attributed to strong international demand for high-value products such as avocados, blueberries, cocoa and fresh grapes. The increase reflects sustained momentum in the country’s agricultural sector despite broader economic uncertainty. Analysts view the performance as a sign of renewed dynamism, reinforcing the importance of agro-exports in Peru’s external trade.

One of the most notable developments in Costa Rica’s political landscape comes from candidate Hidalgo, who has predicted significant challenges for rival Laura Fernández in the event of a runoff election. Hidalgo’s assessment reflects a broader political atmosphere where voter loyalty is proving volatile, and campaign dynamics continue to shift rapidly. His remarks underscore rising uncertainty as Costa Rica approaches a defining electoral moment, with polls tightening and competing narratives shaping public expectations. This prediction has added pressure to Fernández’s campaign, intensifying the strategic calculations of both camps.

Fernández prioritises voters over podium politics

Laura Fernández, one of the central figures in the race, has reiterated her decision to focus on direct voter engagement rather than participating heavily in podium-driven political exchanges. According to recent coverage, she has positioned herself as a candidate more interested in speaking with citizens than sparring with opponents in highly mediated spaces. This strategy appears aimed at resonating with undecided voters and strengthening her image as a grounded, people-focused leader. Her stance has sparked conversation about whether Costa Ricans prefer traditional debate formats or more personal campaigning.

Laura Fernández nears historic first-round election victory

In a powerful surge, Fernández is reportedly nearing what could become a historic first-round victory. If achieved, this would mark one of the most significant election outcomes in Costa Rica in years. The momentum around her bid suggests widespread voter alignment with her platform, signalling a possible shift in national priorities. Media coverage highlights that this rise has put her in a commanding position, placing additional pressure on opponents to recalibrate their efforts. Her proximity to a first-round win has elevated national attention on the unfolding campaign narrative.

Dobles blasts rival Fernández over no-show at key pension debate

Another major flashpoint this week came when Dobles publicly criticised Fernández for failing to attend a key debate on pension reform. Pension policy remains one of Costa Rica’s most sensitive and widely discussed issues, especially as the country manages demographic changes and financial pressures on its social systems. Dobles’ criticism has reignited conversations about candidate transparency and willingness to confront difficult issues. The confrontation also adds yet another layer to the already tense electoral competition.

Frontrunner’s empty chair strategy sparks election controversy

One of the most talked-about developments is the “empty chair” strategy employed by Fernández, who declined to appear at certain debates, leaving her podium symbolically vacant. This tactic has stirred controversy, with critics arguing it reflects a lack of engagement and supporters claiming it shows confidence and a refusal to participate in unproductive political theatre. The symbolic power of the empty chair has dominated political discussions, highlighting the evolving nature of modern campaigning and the strategies candidates use to shape public perception.