Lebanese officials have signalled openness to a pause in military activity—if not a full ceasefire—ahead of planned talks with Israel. The initiative reflects growing pressure to contain escalating violence along the border, as diplomatic efforts intensify. Authorities stressed that halting hostilities could create conditions for meaningful negotiations, although divisions remain internally over how to approach Israel. The talks are seen as a rare opportunity to de-escalate a conflict that has rapidly worsened in recent weeks. However, the absence of consensus within Lebanon complicates the government’s position. The outcome will likely depend on both regional dynamics and international mediation efforts.

Marco Rubio to join historic Lebanon–Israel talks

Senior US officials, including Marco Rubio, are set to participate in high-level talks between Lebanon and Israel in Washington. The meeting marks the first direct engagement between the two sides in decades, underscoring the urgency of the crisis. According to reports, discussions will focus on securing a ceasefire and addressing broader security concerns, particularly the role of armed groups. Washington’s involvement highlights the international dimension of the conflict and efforts to broker stability. However, expectations remain cautious given entrenched positions on both sides. The talks come amid ongoing violence and humanitarian concerns.

Government bans non-state weapons in Beirut

The Lebanese government has moved to ban the presence of non-state weapons in Beirut, reinforcing its authority over security matters. The decision forms part of broader efforts to assert state control and limit the influence of armed groups such as Hezbollah. Officials emphasised that all military activity must fall under state institutions, signalling a significant policy shift. The measure follows escalating tensions and internal criticism over the role of militias in dragging Lebanon into conflict. Analysts warn that enforcing the ban could prove challenging given Hezbollah’s entrenched position. Nonetheless, the move reflects increasing pressure for centralised control

Civilian toll mounts as Israeli airstrikes continue

The number of casualties in Lebanon has surpassed 1,900 as Israeli airstrikes continue across the country, according to media reports. The bombardment has caused widespread destruction in urban and rural areas, displacing large numbers of civilians. Hospitals and emergency services are under severe strain as they respond to the growing humanitarian crisis. The escalation follows renewed hostilities linked to the broader regional conflict involving Iran and allied groups. International actors have raised concerns over the scale of the violence and its impact on civilians. Despite diplomatic efforts, there are few signs of an immediate de-escalation.

Hezbollah tensions rise amid protests and army warnings

Tensions within Lebanon are intensifying as Hezbollah faces growing opposition and protests. Demonstrations have erupted against the group’s actions, which many blame for drawing the country deeper into conflict. In response, the Lebanese army has warned it may intervene firmly to maintain order and uphold state authority. The standoff highlights deep divisions within Lebanese society over Hezbollah’s role and influence. Political leaders are increasingly under pressure to balance internal stability with external threats. The situation remains volatile as both political and security tensions continue to escalate.

Before the negotiations were underway, US President Donald Trump declared that the US had 'won' the war regardless of diplomatic efforts, adding, "Whether we make a deal or not makes no difference to me."

Iran’s demands include maintaining its right to enrich uranium, the withdrawal of all US combat forces from the Middle East, the introduction of charges for shipments passing through the Strait of Hormuz, and the removal of all sanctions .

In contrast, the United States has called for Iran to completely abandon its enriched uranium programme, stating there should be no enrichment. This position has been described as a firm condition. The US also maintains that the Strait of Hormuz should remain open for free passage, although a toll proposal has been mentioned.

Disagreements have also emerged over a reported ceasefire. Iran has stated that the ceasefire includes Lebanon, while the United States has said it does not. During the same period, Israel reportedly launched a large wave of strikes on Lebanon, resulting in over 300 deaths in one day.

Iran has stated that “the U.S. must choose between ceasefire, or continued war through Israel. It cannot have both.”

Uncertainty remains over the scheduled talks in Islamabad, Pakistan. Details regarding the meeting, including participation and agenda, are still being confirmed. Reports indicate that the Strait of Hormuz has been reclosed, adding to tensions.

If the talks proceed, they are expected to be the highest-level meeting between the United States and Iran in 47 years.

Trump’s claim has not been confirmed by Iranian officials.

His remarks come as the conflict — now in its second month — intensifies pressure on one of the world ’s most critical oil transit routes. The Strait of Hormuz, a narrow waterway linking the Persian Gulf to global markets, handles a significant share of global oil shipments.

Washington has accused Tehran of effectively blockading the strait, disrupting energy flows and driving volatility in oil prices.

The US president also struck a combative tone, warning that military action would continue in the absence of concessions. “Until then, we are blasting Iran into oblivion,” he said.

Earlier, Trump suggested that successive waves of US-Israeli strikes had already reshaped Iran’s leadership, claiming without evidence that a “new regime” had emerged following the deaths of senior officials.

Tehran has not acknowledged any ceasefire request or direct negotiations with Washington.

A ceasefire agreement came into effect on 10 October 2025. It was meant to calm the fighting and create space for relief efforts. The truce allowed for the safe return of 20 hostages and led to an increase in aid entering Gaza. But the violence did not completely stop. The Gaza health ministry says that at least 600 people have been killed by Israeli fire since the ceasefire began.

Israel, for its part, says four of its soldiers have been killed by militants in Gaza since the truce took effect. Both sides have accused each other of violating the agreement, with blame traded back and forth as tensions remain high.

In January, the agreement moved into a second phase. Under this stage of the deal, Israel is expected to withdraw its troops further from Gaza. Hamas, meanwhile, is due to yield control of the territory’s administration.

The United States and the European Union have, however, provided billions of dollars in military and economic aid, including advanced air defence systems and artillery. Aid debates in Western capitals continue to shape Kyiv’s battlefield capacity.

Russia, meanwhile, faces sweeping economic sanctions targeting its banking, energy and defence sectors. While sanctions have strained parts of the economy, Moscow has redirected trade and increased domestic arms production.

Despite a call for a ceasefire, Ukraine insists on full territorial restoration and security guarantees, while Russia maintains claims over annexed regions. The United Nations continues to call for a negotiated settlement, but no ceasefire agreement has been reached.

In all of these, the humanitarian toll remains severe, with millions displaced and infrastructure heavily damaged. The conflict continues to affect global food and energy markets .

Watch the full video above as voices from the Global South dish out what's next for both parties to save themselves and avert the deadly cost.

The countries identified as prepared to contribute forces include Morocco, Kazakhstan, Indonesia, Kosovo and Albania, while several other states are listed as members of the wider initiative.

The proposal emerges as global leaders continue to push for a sustainable ceasefire between Israel and Hamas, alongside longer-term arrangements for security and reconstruction in Gaza.

What is the “Board of Peace”?

The “Board of Peace” appears to refer to a multilateral initiative under discussion among governments aimed at supporting post-conflict stabilisation in Gaza. While details remain fluid, diplomatic reporting indicates the concept involves a peacekeeping or monitoring presence if and when political conditions allow.

International peacekeeping operations in the region would require a mandate, most likely from the United Nations Security Council, in line with established UN procedures. The UN has previously overseen peacekeeping missions in the Middle East, including the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and the United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO), which has operated since 1948 (United Nations Peacekeeping).

No formal UN mandate for a Gaza peacekeeping force has yet been confirmed publicly.

The countries reportedly willing to send the troops

Morocco

Morocco has long participated in UN peacekeeping operations across Africa and the Middle East. According to UN Peacekeeping data, Rabat consistently ranks among major troop-contributing countries, with deployments in missions such as MONUSCO in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and MINUSCA in the Central African Republic.

Its reported willingness to contribute troops to a Gaza stabilisation mission aligns with its broader foreign policy positioning as a regional diplomatic actor.

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan has steadily expanded its international security footprint in recent years. The Central Asian state has contributed personnel to UN missions, including UNIFIL in Lebanon, according to official UN records. Kazakhstan has also sought a more prominent diplomatic role in global mediation efforts, hosting talks on Syria in Astana in previous years.

Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the world’s largest contributors to UN peacekeeping operations. The country has deployed thousands of personnel to missions in Lebanon, Congo and elsewhere, according to United Nations data. Jakarta has repeatedly expressed strong support for Palestinian statehood and humanitarian relief efforts in Gaza, positioning itself as a vocal diplomatic player in the Muslim world.

Kosovo and Albania

Kosovo and Albania, both located in Southeast Europe, have deepened cooperation with NATO and European security institutions over the past decade. Albania has previously contributed troops to international missions under NATO and UN frameworks. Kosovo, though not universally recognised as a sovereign state, has increasingly participated in international security partnerships and peace support initiatives.

Their inclusion reflects broader European engagement in any potential post-conflict arrangement.

Why Gaza Would Require an International Force

Gaza has experienced repeated cycles of conflict, most recently following the escalation that began in October 2023 after Hamas launched a large-scale attack on Israel .

Israel’s subsequent military campaign has resulted in extensive destruction and a humanitarian crisis, according to reporting by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and Al Jazeera.

Humanitarian agencies have documented severe infrastructure damage, displacement of civilians and strain on medical services. Any post-conflict governance model would likely require security guarantees, aid coordination, and oversight of reconstruction, roles typically associated with multinational stabilisation missions.

However, peacekeeping in Gaza would face substantial political and operational challenges. Analysts note that consent from both Israel and Palestinian authorities, as well as agreement among major global powers, would be essential before deployment.

Political and legal hurdles

Under international law, UN peacekeeping missions require Security Council approval. Any deployment without such a mandate would likely need bilateral or multilateral agreements involving the relevant parties on the ground.

UN has cautioned that Gaza’s dense urban environment, the presence of armed groups and unresolved governance questions would complicate traditional peacekeeping models.

UN Spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric told reporters in New York on Tuesday, 10 February, that the UN aid coordination office, OCHA, had received new reports of airstrikes, shelling and bombing, “including from at sea”, as well as shootings in residential neighbourhoods.

He warned that the violence “puts civilians in danger and adds to the immense hardship they have endured over the past 28 months,” stressing that under international humanitarian law, “even if they cross military demarcation lines or are near them...civilians must always be protected and during military operations and constant care must be taken to spare them.”

There is also the broader geopolitical dimension. The United States, European Union, Arab League and regional powers have each floated differing proposals for Gaza’s post-war administration, ranging from strengthened Palestinian Authority control to international trusteeship arrangements.

The Rafah crossing had been closed since May 2024, when Israeli forces took control of the Palestinian side, halting the movement of people and aid. Its partial reopening is linked to a wider ceasefire framework and a multi-stage peace plan announced earlier this year, which aims to move from a truce towards reconstruction, new governance arrangements and the gradual restoration of access to Gaza.

The comments came after US Middle East envoy Steve Witkoff announced the start of the second phase of President Donald Trump ’s “20-point plan” aimed at ending the conflict in Gaza. This phase includes moving from a ceasefire to disarmament, setting up a technocratic administration, and beginning reconstruction work.

Thailand and Cambodia signed a ceasefire agreement on Saturday, December 27, to end nearly three weeks of intense fighting along their shared border that killed more than 100 people and displaced over half a million civilians. The truce, signed by Thai Defence Minister Natthaphon Narkphanit and Cambodian Defence Minister Tea Seiha, took effect at noon local time and applies to all types of weapons, including attacks on civilians, infrastructure and military targets. Both sides agreed to freeze troop deployments, refrain from provocative actions, avoid spreading false information, and maintain open communication. The deal also provides for ASEAN observers to monitor implementation, while Thailand has committed to releasing 18 Cambodian soldiers within 72 hours if the ceasefire holds. The United Nations, China, Malaysia and the United States welcomed the agreement as a positive step toward restoring peace, with talks involving Thailand, Cambodia and China scheduled to take place in Yunnan.

Thailand accuses Cambodia of breaching ceasefire with drone activity

Thailand’s army has accused Cambodia of violating the newly signed ceasefire, claiming more than 250 unmanned aerial vehicles were detected flying from the Cambodian side on Sunday night, December 28. In a statement issued on December 29, the Royal Thai Army said the alleged activity constituted provocation and could force Thailand to reconsider the release of the 18 detained Cambodian soldiers. Cambodian Foreign Minister Prak Sokhonn described the incident as a minor issue related to drone flights observed by both sides along the border. The accusations came shortly after China and the United States praised the ceasefire as a hard-won breakthrough, amid longstanding tensions between the two neighbours that have periodically erupted into violence over disputed border areas.

Israeli-led dance festival in northern Thailand cancelled amid threats and vandalism

An Israeli-led series of electronic dance events in Pai, northern Thailand, has been cancelled after organisers reported online incitement, vandalism and mounting pressure from local authorities. The Loop Festival, organised by Israeli residents working with international collaborators, faced accusations on social media following its first event, alongside incidents in which promotional materials were burned, and equipment was destroyed or stolen. Despite holding a second event at an alternative venue, organisers said authorities later informed them that future parties would not be allowed to proceed. The founders said the cancellations resulted in significant financial losses and expressed concern over antisemitic rhetoric, while stating they did not blame local residents who felt threatened by the controversy.

Bangkok warns of higher PM2.5 pollution risk over New Year period

Bangkok’s Air Quality Information Centre has warned of an increased risk of PM2.5 pollution buildup between December 28 and January 1 due to weakening air ventilation. According to the updated outlook covering December 26, 2025, to January 3, 2026, air circulation is expected to be relatively good on December 26–27, before deteriorating from December 28–30 and remaining poor through New Year’s Day. Authorities said heavy traffic and outdoor activities could worsen pollution levels, particularly between 6:00 pm and 9:00 am in inner-city and downwind areas. Conditions are expected to improve from January 2–3. Residents, especially children and older people, were advised to limit outdoor activities during high-risk periods and monitor air quality.

Public access adjusted for New Year’s Day royal rites at Grand Palace

The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration announced that public access to pay final respects to Her Majesty Queen Sirikit, the Queen Mother, at Dusit Maha Prasat Throne Hall will be suspended on January 1. Members of the public will instead be able to sign the book of condolences and pay respects in front of her portrait at the Sahathai Samakhom Pavilion from 8 am to 5 pm. Ticket sales for full tours of the Grand Palace and the Temple of the Emerald Buddha will be cancelled on New Year’s Day, though access to the Emerald Buddha Temple will remain open via a designated gate. Authorities said nearly 395,000 people have paid their respects since October 27.

Footage captured by Viory in Bangkok showed traffic flowing normally as people moved through the city, passing shopping centres and convenience stores, suggesting a return to everyday life even as uncertainty over the ceasefire lingered.

Several locals questioned whether the ceasefire would hold, citing previous breakdowns in relations between the two neighbours. Some expressed hope that the agreement would hold, while others voiced doubts rooted in past experience.

Visitors also weighed in on the development, with some stressing that any effort to end the fighting was positive. A visitor from South Korea described the ceasefire as a necessary first step towards peace , noting that conflict brings harm to all sides.

Thailand and Cambodia signed the ceasefire on Saturday after delegations met at a border checkpoint in Thailand’s Chanthaburi Province. The agreement followed weeks of escalating violence along the border, during which both countries reported military and civilian casualties.

India–Pakistan ceasefire agreement (South Asia)

In May 2025, India and Pakistan agreed to a ceasefire after a period of heightened military tensions along the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir. The agreement was welcomed as a significant diplomatic step toward reducing hostilities between two nuclear‑armed neighbours who have fought repeated clashes in the region for decades. However, in the weeks following the deal, there were reports of minor violations and exchanges of fire, illuminating the fragile and contested nature of the truce. Despite these challenges, the ceasefire created space for renewed diplomatic engagement and prevented further large‑scale escalation in 2025.

DRC–Rwanda peace agreement (Central/East Africa)

On 27 June 2025, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda signed a US‑brokered peace agreement aimed at stemming long‑running conflict and militia activity in eastern DRC. The accord outlined a timetable for the withdrawal of Rwandan troops and the creation of joint security mechanisms, along with broader frameworks for cooperation among Great Lakes states. Although widely seen as an important diplomatic breakthrough with the potential to stabilise the region, implementation has faced serious practical and security challenges. Militia activity, logistical obstacles, and mutual mistrust have slowed progress, and the agreement’s long‑term impact depends on sustained political will from both capitals.

Cambodia–Thailand ceasefire (Southeast Asia)

On 26 October 2025, Cambodia and Thailand signed the Kuala Lumpur Peace Accord during the ASEAN Summit in Malaysia, establishing an interim ceasefire and steps to de‑escalate longstanding border tensions. The agreement was backed by regional leaders and U.S. President Donald Trump, who played a visible role in encouraging both sides to halt hostilities. The accord included provisions such as coordinated troop withdrawals, joint de‑mining operations, and international monitoring to reduce accidental clashes along disputed frontier zones.

The deal was built on earlier ceasefire efforts mediated by Malaysia as ASEAN chair and supported by Trump, after months of sporadic clashes and large-scale displacement. While the agreement was widely hailed as a diplomatic success, skirmishes and disagreements over implementation persisted in some sectors. Renewed fighting in December 2025 prompted a special ASEAN ministerial meeting to revive and reinforce the peace process originally supported by regional leaders and Trump. Despite its challenges, the accord marked a significant step in structured cooperation between the two governments.

United Nations high-level conference on the Two-State Solution (Middle East)

In July 2025, the United Nations convened the Palestine Two‑State Solution Conference, a high-level meeting aimed at reinvigorating international efforts toward a two-state resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The conference brought together representatives from countries across the Global South and other regions to discuss diplomatic strategies, coordinate international support, and identify concrete steps for sustained peacebuilding. The event fostered dialogue and strategic planning, it did not result in a binding agreement or a final political resolution, serving primarily as a forum to strengthen international coordination around the two-state solution framework.

Israel–Hamas ceasefire (Middle East)

In October 2025, Israel and Hamas agreed to a U.S.‑backed ceasefire to pause one of the most destructive phases of the Gaza conflict that began in October 2023. The first phase of the deal included Israel withdrawing forces to agreed positions inside Gaza and Hamas releasing hostages held since the 2023 attacks, while both sides pledged to reduce hostilities and allow increased humanitarian access across crossings. This agreement was hailed internationally as a significant step toward ending active large‑scale fighting after two years of intense conflict.

Despite the truce entering into force and creating periods of relative calm, the ceasefire has been fragile and contested. Both sides have accused one another of violations, and periodic exchanges of fire have occurred, complicating efforts to implement subsequent phases of the deal. Independent sources report that — even after the ceasefire — hundreds of Palestinians have been killed in incidents that local health authorities attribute to Israeli operations, and humanitarian conditions in Gaza remain severe, with disputes over aid delivery and access continuing to impede relief efforts.

The ceasefire has not yet resulted in a comprehensive political settlement to the broader Israeli‑Palestinian conflict. Negotiations over long‑term governance, security arrangements, and disarmament have stalled, and international pressure persists to ensure that the agreement holds and leads to expanded humanitarian and reconstruction initiatives.

Guyana–Venezuela — diplomatic talks over Essequibo dispute (South America)

In 2025, diplomatic engagement continued between Guyana and Venezuela over the long‑standing Essequibo territorial dispute. Regional organisations and international mediators worked to prevent escalation after a period of heightened tensions in prior years, and both governments engaged in dialogue to manage disagreements. Although no formal settlement was reached during this period, sustained diplomacy contributed to maintaining relative stability in northern South America. The case remains before the International Court of Justice, and continued negotiations have been viewed as crucial in preventing renewed conflict over the disputed territory.

Although many of these agreements and conferences did not result in final resolutions or full implementation, they represent important steps towards the peaceful management of complex conflicts. The persistence of tensions, implementation challenges, and the fragility of some accords demonstrate that diplomacy is an ongoing process, requiring sustained political commitment and international cooperation. The developments of 2025 underline the relevance of Global South participation and leadership in maintaining dialogue and coordinating international efforts to address geopolitical and humanitarian challenges that continue to affect millions of people worldwide.

According to a statement released by Cambodia’s defence ministry, both sides agreed to an immediate ceasefire effective from 12:00 p.m. local time (05:00 GMT) on December 27, 2025. The truce covers all types of weapons and prohibits attacks on civilians, civilian facilities and infrastructure, as well as military targets, across all affected areas.

The statement also said the two countries committed to maintaining their current troop positions, with no further movement by either side.

Tensions along the Thai-Cambodian border escalated earlier this month, leading to deadly clashes and mass displacement. Thailand reported that several soldiers and civilians were killed during evacuation efforts, while Cambodian authorities said at least 15 civilians were killed and 76 others injured. More than 422,000 people have been displaced by the violence , according to Cambodian figures.

The latest ceasefire follows a previous truce brokered by U.S. President Donald Trump , which was signed on October 26 after an earlier border crisis. Both governments later accused each other of violating that agreement, raising concerns about the fragility of efforts to restore lasting calm along the disputed border.

Socheata said Cambodia was calling on Thailand to immediately halt all hostile actions and withdraw its forces from Cambodian territory. She added that while some frontlines remained calm, Cambodian forces were on high alert due to continued Thai military activity near the Preah Vihear Temple and other surrounding areas. According to her statement, Thai forces initiated tank and infantry assaults in the area with artillery support, including what she described as the use of toxic gas and cluster bombs.

The spokesperson also stressed that Cambodia has consistently upheld its obligations under international law, particularly international humanitarian law. Her remarks came a day after Thailand’s Ministry of Defence said its forces had struck Cambodian positions in retaliation for attacks on Thai territory.

The renewed clashes follow rising tensions along the Thai-Cambodian border last week. Thailand reported nine soldiers killed and four civilian deaths during evacuations, while Cambodia said 11 civilians were killed and 74 were injured. The current ceasefire was originally brokered by US President Donald Trump and signed on 26 October after a previous border crisis, with both sides blaming each other for the latest outbreak of violence.

DR Congo and Rwanda

In Washington, Trump hosted a summit where the leaders of DR Congo and Rwanda signed what he hailed as a “historic” peace accord. But analysts quickly noted the document merely endorsed a June agreement that had already failed to halt the conflict.

Clashes were intensifying even ahead of the ceremony, with M23 rebels expanding their control in eastern DR Congo. Both Kinshasa and Kigali accused each other of violating ceasefire terms, and there was no public handshake between Presidents Félix Tshisekedi and Paul Kagame, whose tense relations underscored the deal’s fragility.

Within days, Rwandan Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe refused to commit to any troop withdrawal, insisting Rwanda had none in DR Congo. This, despite UN experts saying Rwandan forces were effectively directing M23 operations.

On the ground , M23 seized major cities, artillery pounded eastern provinces, and residents fled into Burundi. Even as Trump praised the summit as “a great day,” rebel advances continued, and regional officials warned the deal’s collapse was a humiliation for Washington.

Thailand and Cambodia

A similar pattern emerged in Southeast Asia . 

In July, Trump pushed Thailand and Cambodia into a border ceasefire . Bangkok agreed reluctantly; Phnom Penh openly welcomed US involvement.

But the truce unraveled within months. Clashes erupted after a Thai engineering team came under fire. Since then, Thai and Cambodian forces have traded artillery, rockets and air strikes along the border, prompting repeated evacuations of communities.

Thailand accused Cambodia of laying new landmines that maimed several soldiers, while refusing to release troops captured during the July clashes. Cambodia, meanwhile, portrayed itself as the aggrieved party and sought international support.

Domestic politics amplified tensions. Thailand’s military was given free rein to “finish the job,” while Cambodia’s leadership took actions that deepened mistrust, including leaking a sensitive phone call that toppled Thailand’s Shinawatra government.

With both sides showing no signs of stopping, it has become apparent that Trump-brokered ceasefire never addressed the root disputes. 

Bangkok repeatedly said it was not ready for new diplomacy until Cambodia showed “sincerity,” leaving the agreement effectively dead.

Taken together, the DR Congo–Rwanda and Thai-Cambodian cases show a consistent pattern: Trump secured highly publicised signing ceremonies, but the underlying conflicts continued almost immediately.

It also raised questions about whether Trump’s rushed deals ever had a genuine chance at peace.

India has announced it will establish an agricultural research centre in Afghanistan, marking one of its most significant developmental engagements in the country since the Taliban takeover. The initiative aims to enhance crop productivity, introduce modern farming technology and boost food security — critical priorities in a country where drought, economic contraction and limited international aid have strained livelihoods. New Delhi’s move signals a continued interest in maintaining influence and supporting grassroots development, despite the absence of formal diplomatic ties with the Taliban administration.

Taliban regime

Tensions with neighbouring Pakistan escalated once again, after Pakistan’s Defence Minister publicly stated that the “Taliban regime” does not represent the Afghan people. The remark underscores Islamabad’s growing frustration with the Taliban government and reflects worsening trust between the two sides, driven by allegations of cross-border militancy and disputes over the status of Afghan refugees. Pakistan, historically seen as a critical power broker in Afghan affairs, appears to be recalibrating its stance in response to rising security challenges at home, and increasingly vocal domestic criticism of its past engagement with the Taliban.

Pakistan ceasefire

Despite the heated rhetoric, diplomatic channels have remained active. Türkiye confirmed that Afghanistan and Pakistan have agreed to maintain a ceasefire, following mediation efforts led by Ankara, with fresh negotiations scheduled for November 6. The move highlights Türkiye’s ambitions to play a stabilising diplomatic role in South Asia and its growing engagement in regional political dynamics. While the ceasefire agreement signals progress, both sides remain cautious amid continued concerns over border security, militant movements and humanitarian pressures linked to mass displacement and returns.

Counterterrorism cooperation

Further confirming diplomatic momentum, Kabul and Islamabad later issued statements reaffirming their commitment to continue the ceasefire and dialogue. However, Afghan and Pakistani relations remain fragile, shaped by longstanding mistrust and divergent security priorities — especially around counterterrorism cooperation and the contested Durand Line border. With winter approaching and regional security conditions unpredictable, observers warn that even small provocations could destabilise the fragile peace without sustained political will on both sides.

Afghan values

Domestically, internal messaging from the Taliban leadership continued to emphasise cultural control and ideological direction. Interior Minister Sirajuddin Haqqani hosted Afghanistan’s U-17 futsal champions, praising their achievement on the international stage while urging them to adhere to “Islamic and Afghan values.” The meeting reflects the Taliban’s strategy of using youth and sports victories to foster national pride, even as they tighten cultural restrictions. It also highlights the regime’s effort to cultivate a narrative of unity and resilience, despite ongoing concerns from Afghan civil society over shrinking freedoms and limited pathways for young people under the current political environment.

He described recent developments as a turning point in Darfur, claiming “the entirety of Darfurian territory” was now under the control of the Sudan Founding Alliance (Tasis), following what he called the defeat of the “terrorist Islamic Movement's Army and its allied mercenary movements.”

Addressing reports of atrocities during the battle for El Fasher, where the United Nations says more than 1,350 civilians were killed, Al-Taishi said his government would conduct a “fair and transparent investigation” into all violations. He insisted that abuses were “isolated acts” and that those responsible would be held to account.

Al-Taishi also urged Sudanese citizens, particularly Darfur residents, to participate in community-led efforts to rebuild El Fasher.

His remarks came days after RSF chief Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo declared control over the city, describing it as a “strategic shift” in the ongoing conflict .

The remarks come as the ceasefire implemented earlier this month as phase one of a wider peace plan signed in Sharm El-Sheikh has been strained by fresh exchanges of fire, with both Israel and Hamas accusing the other of violating the truce.

US and regional diplomats have been urgently trying to shore up the agreement.

The map released in connection with the deal shows Israeli-held zones along coastal areas and key border regions, while portions of Gaza City, Khan Yunis, Deir el-Balah, and North Gaza revert to Palestinian control.

The partial pullback comes as part of the Trump-brokered 20-point peace plan signed that same day in Sharm el-Sheikh. Under that agreement, Israel’s forces are to reposition within 24 hours, and Hamas is expected to return all living hostages and the remains of deceased ones within 72 hours.

Israel’s decision to retain over half of Gaza highlights the delicate balance struck in the ceasefire: a withdrawal significant enough to signal de-escalation, yet limited enough to maintain leverage. The held zones include buffer strips along the coast and border crossings, likely critical for security, monitoring, and aid control.

The new arrangement takes effect amid bleak humanitarian conditions. Gaza’s population faces severe food insecurity, and United Nations agencies are poised to escalate aid deliveries, contingent on continued troop pullbacks. Broader Stakes & Unresolved Questions

This pause in hostilities brings cautious relief. Earlier in the day, the Israeli cabinet approved the agreement, formalising a ceasefire and setting in motion plans to free hostages and swap hundreds of prisoners.

Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu reaffirmed his vow to disarm Hamas and warned of renewed military options if violations occur. Hamas, meanwhile, agreed to the terms but faces internal pressures over governance, disarmament, and long-term stability.

International oversight will play a pivotal role. The first phase calls for a joint task force involving the U.S., Egypt , Qatar, Turkey, and others to monitor compliance. The Rafah crossing (Egypt–Gaza) is also slated to reopen under EU monitoring, a symbolic and functional milestone for civilian movement and aid flows.

For now, the world watches to see if this withdrawal will become the start of a sustained peace or a temporary lull in a longer struggle.

“We're very happy to hear that. It's about time. After two years, we want our people back. But we're not sure it's real yet. When we see them physically here, we’ll be very happy,” said Oran, a Jerusalem resident.

Oran also praised former U.S. President Donald Trump ’s role in mediating the deal, calling for him to be recognised internationally.

He praised Egypt’s “leading role” in regional peace efforts and called for deeper U.S.-Egypt coordination.

Abdelatty welcomed the U.S. initiative, calling Trump’s efforts “sincere,” but stressed Egypt’s conditions , which are that humanitarian aid must reach Gaza on a scale, Israeli forces must withdraw, and any attempt to annex the West Bank or displace Palestinians must be rejected.

He reiterated Cairo’s support for a two-state solution, arguing it remains the only path to lasting peace and security for both Israelis and Palestinians.

The war in Gaza has killed more than 41,000 Palestinians since October 2023, according to Gaza’s health ministry , and displaced over 80% of the enclave’s population. Egypt has played a central role in ceasefire talks and aid delivery through the Rafah crossing, making its stance crucial to any international settlement. 

Within 72 hours, almost 60 civilians were killed in assaults attributed to Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) rebels in Lubero territory’s Bapere sector and in Oïcha, capital of Beni territory (North Kivu). The latest attack occurred on the evening of August 16, 2025, in Oïcha’s Mbimbi district, where fighters killed at least nine civilians and set fire to a dozen houses. Atrocious images circulated online the next day, with local civil society confirming the assailants withdrew after the attack. The surge in violence follows the dismantling of a major ADF base by joint Congolese and Ugandan forces in Ituri’s Mambasa region, raising fears of reprisals.

Ceasefire violations intensify amid stalled Doha peace process

The Congolese Ministry of National Defence informed the Council of Ministers of continued violations of the Washington Agreement and Doha Declaration of Principles. Reports cite forced child recruitment and repeated assaults on FARDC positions by M23/AFC rebels. Rising tensions between FARDC and the M23 coalition in North and South Kivu were accompanied by accusations of civilian massacres. The Congolese army condemned the “warmongering attitude” of M23/AFC, warning of further destabilisation as the Doha peace talks face delays.

SADC ministers review Eastern DRC conflict

On August 15, the SADC Ministerial Committee of the Organ Troika met in Antananarivo, Madagascar, ahead of the 45th Summit of Heads of State. Chaired by Tanzania’s Ambassador Mahmoud Thabit Kombo, the meeting reviewed security developments in Eastern DRC, Mozambique, and other regional hotspots. The ministers also discussed the DRC–Zambia border dispute, election reviews in the region, and mechanisms for mediation and preventive diplomacy. Documents were prepared for the Organ Troika Summit, reaffirming SADC’s focus on peace and security coordination.

Government creates Strategic Investment Fund

The Congolese government has approved a decree establishing the Strategic Investment Fund of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Presented by Finance Minister Doudou Fwamba at the Council of Ministers meeting on August 15, the fund will mobilise and structure financing to support national development, economic diversification, and sovereignty. Its responsibilities include investing in infrastructure, energy, agriculture, industry, and emerging technologies; managing public assets transparently; and promoting co-investment with institutional and private partners.

U.S. calls UN Security Council meeting on DRC atrocities

The United States has requested an emergency UN Security Council meeting to address ongoing atrocities in the DRC. The State Department’s Office of African Affairs condemned violence by M23/AFC rebels and called on all parties to respect the Doha ceasefire. Amnesty International, in a new report, denounced abuses by both M23/AFC and pro-government Wazalendo militias, citing extrajudicial killings, sexual violence, kidnappings, and attacks on hospitals. The NGO urged Rwanda to take responsibility and pressed President Félix Tshisekedi to prosecute Wazalendo fighters implicated in crimes.

Israel is in talks with South Sudan about resettling Palestinians from Gaza, part of its push for mass emigration after a 22-month offensive against Hamas. Six sources confirmed the discussions to the Associated Press, though it’s unclear how advanced they are. If enacted, the plan would move people from one war-torn, famine-threatened region to another, raising human rights concerns. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has framed the idea as “voluntary migration,” in line with former U.S. President Donald Trump’s vision, and has floated similar proposals with other African nations. Netanyahu told i24 TV that allowing civilians to leave would let Israel strike Hamas harder, though he did not mention South Sudan specifically.

AU calls for a permanent ceasefire

The African Union (AU) has urged South Sudan to uphold a permanent ceasefire and fully implement the revitalised peace agreement. Following a three-day mission to Juba, AU Peace and Security Council members met with President Salva Kiir and other leaders to discuss the accord’s progress and preparations for the December 2026 elections, which will end the transition period. The AU commended political leaders’ commitment to peace, called for inclusive dialogue, and pledged continued support to ensure stability and successful elections. The visit coincided with renewed regional efforts to reinforce South Sudan’s fragile peace deal, which has faced setbacks since independence in 2011.

3,000 Ugandans receive cholera vaccine from South Sudan

At least 3,500 Ugandans from Elegu Town Council in Amuru district have received cholera vaccines in South Sudan’s Nimule Town amid efforts to contain an outbreak that has killed five since July 2. The cross-border campaign, coordinated by Amuru health authorities and Nimule Hospital, aimed to curb transmission across the border. Officials said the initiative followed limited government support and resources in Amuru. Patrick Louis Lamot, Elegu’s Port Health focal person, said both sides agreed on joint strategies to combat public health threats, with vaccination as a key measure. He noted a recent drop in cholera cases but said it is unclear if it was directly linked to the vaccines.

Central Banks of the UAE and South Sudan sign MoU on payment

The Central Bank of the UAE and the Bank of South Sudan have signed an MoU to boost cooperation in security printing, payment systems, and capacity building. The agreement, witnessed by UAE Minister Sheikh Shakhbout bin Nahyan Al Nahyan and South Sudan’s Vice President Benjamin Bol Mel, was signed by officials from both banks. Under the deal, the UAE will support South Sudan in banknote security printing through its subsidiary Omlat, and develop a two-phase payment card system via Al Etihad Payments. The MoU also covers knowledge exchange, technical support, and staff training through the Emirates Institute of Finance.

South Sudan denies Israel talks over forced transfer of Palestinians

South Sudan has denied reports it is in talks with Israel to resettle Palestinians from Gaza, calling the claims “baseless” and not reflective of its policy. The Associated Press had reported discussions on an Israeli proposal to transfer Palestinians to South Sudan. The foreign ministry’s statement follows international criticism that such transfers would amount to forcible expulsion and violate international law. Critics fear the plan could block Palestinians’ return to Gaza and enable Israeli annexation. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has promoted “voluntary migration” for Gaza’s population, and similar proposals have reportedly been floated with other African nations. Egypt has rejected any forced transfers, while South Sudan—still recovering from civil war—already hosts large refugee populations.

What they said

“We have seen very positive development and results that would augur well for Cambodia and Thailand,” Anwar said as he stood alongside the two leaders. He added, “This is a vital first step towards de-escalation and the restoration of peace and security.” Hun Manet said he had “a very good meeting and very good result that we hope to stop immediately the fighting that have caused many lives lost.” He also praised Trump’s “decisive” role in facilitating the talks and expressed hope that the agreement would lead to the “rebuilding of trust and confidence” between the two nations. Phumtham, who had previously expressed scepticism about Cambodia’s sincerity, said the ceasefire would “be carried out successfully in good faith by both sides.”

"The AFC/M23 promises to provide you with a daily bulletin of ceasefire violations by the government coalition. Every day they are violating the ceasefire, even just after the signing in Doha, they attacked us," said Mbonimpa, who led the AFC/M23 delegation in the negotiations backed by Qatar.

"Across from us, we have people who violate every agreement. And I'm starting to fear that, given the way government officials are communicating and conveying the message, this declaration of principles is going to be stillborn. I fear because in the media they are already distorting the entire content of the agreement, everything we have agreed upon," he added.

The DRC government and M23 signed a declaration of principles on July 19 in Doha, with mediation from Qatar. The agreement includes a timeline for negotiations aimed at reaching a peace deal by August 18.

The DRC also signed a peace agreement with Rwanda on June 27 in Washington, with support from the United States , to help end the long-standing violence in eastern Congo.

According to the United Nations , more than 27 million people in the DRC face food insecurity, while over 7 million have been forcibly displaced due to the ongoing conflict in the eastern region.

The figures, visualised by World Visualized, show that nearly 50 countries support the UN peacekeeping mission, but a handful provide the lion’s share of boots on the ground. UNIFIL has played a key role in monitoring the ceasefire line (Blue Line) between Israel and Lebanon since its mandate was expanded in 2006 following the Israel–Hezbollah war.

The top 10 contributors to the UNIFIL peacekeeping mission are:

Indonesia - 1,255 peacekeepers

Italy - 1,098

India - 902

Ghana - 878

Nepal - 876

Malaysia - 831

France - 749

Spain - 690

China - 484

Ireland - 335

These nations collectively represent the core of UNIFIL’s personnel, tasked with de-escalation, patrolling the border, and supporting the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) in maintaining peace and humanitarian access.

Indonesia’s significant troop contribution reflects its longstanding commitment to global peacekeeping. The country has been active in various UN missions and views participation in UNIFIL as part of its broader strategy to promote international peace and security.

Israel said it had agreed to Trump's ceasefire plan, adding that it had achieved all its objectives. Iran stopped short of officially accepting the proposal, but its top security body said the Islamic Republic's forces had "compelled" Israel to "unilaterally" cease fire.

Its foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi, had earlier said that if Israel stopped "its illegal aggression," Tehran would have "no intention" to continue fighting.

"ISRAEL. DO NOT DROP THOSE BOMBS," Trump said on his Truth Social platform, hours after he said the truce had taken effect. "IF YOU DO IT IS A MAJOR VIOLATION. BRING YOUR PILOTS HOME, NOW!"

The US leader had said the truce would be a phased 24-hour process beginning at around 0400 GMT Tuesday, with Iran unilaterally halting all operations first. He said Israel would follow suit 12 hours later. "THE CEASEFIRE IS NOW IN EFFECT. PLEASE DO NOT VIOLATE IT!" Trump wrote on his Truth Social platform.

The Israeli government said: "Last night, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu convened the cabinet... to announce that Israel had achieved all the objectives of Operation 'Rising Lion' and much more." It added that it had removed "an immediate dual existential threat: nuclear and ballistic".

"Israel will respond forcefully to any violation of the ceasefire," the statement said, while the army added that the "danger persists" despite the truce announcement. 

"Faced with this scenario, Venezuela makes an urgent call" to organisations in the global south to jointly promote an immediate and comprehensive ceasefire in West Asia ," said Vice President Delcy Rodríguez, reading a letter signed by President Nicolás Maduro.

This "threatens to trigger a crisis with catastrophic nuclear consequences for the region and the world ," read Rodríguez's letter in support of Iran. In the letter, Maduro addresses organisations such as "the Non-Aligned Movement, the League of Arab States, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Gulf Cooperation Council, the African Union, the BRICS, CELAC, and other regional bodies."

Held in Moscow's Red Square , the event featured over 11,000 troops, advanced military hardware, and a significant international presence, signalling President Vladimir Putin's intent to project strength and global support despite ongoing hostilities.

The Kremlin announced that 29 foreign leaders attended the parade, marking a notable increase from previous years. Prominent attendees included Chinese President Xi Jinping and Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, underscoring Russia's strategic partnerships beyond Western alliances. Leaders from countries such as Belarus, Serbia, and Vietnam were also present, reflecting a diverse array of international support.

The parade showcased Russia's military capabilities, featuring modern tanks, missile systems, and aerial flyovers. Notably, Chinese troops marched alongside Russian forces, symbolising the deepening military cooperation between the two nations. President Putin used the occasion to draw parallels between World War II and the current conflict in Ukraine, framing Russia's actions as a continuation of its historical fight against fascism.

Following a series of Ukrainian drone strikes on Moscow earlier in the week, the event occurred under heightened security. In response, Russia declared a unilateral ceasefire from May 8 to May 11. However, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky dismissed the ceasefire as a "theatrical performance," asserting that Ukraine was not consulted and would not adhere to it.

U.S. President Donald Trump announced plans to substantially increase trade with India and Pakistan following the two countries' agreement to a ceasefire aimed at ending recent cross-border hostilities. In a statement on Truth Social, Trump expressed support for the ceasefire and indicated his intention to assist in resolving the long-standing Kashmir dispute. He praised the leadership of both nations for their role in reaching the agreement. The ceasefire, brokered with diplomatic pressure from the United States, came after days of intense military exchanges that resulted in dozens of casualties. Despite the agreement, artillery fire was reported in Indian-administered Kashmir hours later, raising concerns about the durability of the truce.

Pakistan denies false reports of Imran Khan’s death

Pakistan’s Ministry of Information and Broadcasting on Saturday, 10 May, dismissed as false a press release claiming former Prime Minister Imran Khan had died in judicial custody. The ministry urged the public to reject what it described as irresponsible behaviour. Earlier, an undated statement, allegedly from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, circulated with claims of Khan’s death and a related investigation. The incident coincided with legal efforts by Khan’s party, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), which petitioned the Islamabad High Court on Friday for his release, citing health risks and regional tensions with India.

Air travel from UAE to Pakistan resumes with scheduled flights to major cities

Air travel between the UAE and Pakistan has resumed , with flights departing from Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Sharjah to several Pakistani cities. UAE aviation authorities confirmed the restart of Pakistan-bound operations, including scheduled flights to Karachi, Lahore, Sialkot, Peshawar, and Islamabad. The first flight to Islamabad is scheduled for May 12, followed by Peshawar on May 13.

Bangladesh and Pakistan cricket boards in active talks over upcoming tour

The Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) has confirmed that it is in active discussions with the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) regarding the upcoming white-ball tour scheduled for later this month. In a statement released Saturday, the BCB emphasised that player and staff safety remains its highest priority. Decisions about the tour will be based on an assessment of the current situation in Pakistan, with a focus on the best interests of the team and national cricket. Bangladesh is set to arrive in Pakistan on May 21 for five T20Is in Lahore and Faisalabad, beginning May 25.

India and Pakistan delay military talks as ceasefire holds overnight

India and Pakistan postponed talks between their military operations chiefs to Monday evening, according to the Indian army. The meeting is intended to determine next steps following Saturday’s ceasefire, which ended four days of cross-border hostilities. The Indian army reported no explosions or projectile fire overnight, marking the first peaceful night along the border in recent days. Some schools in the region remain closed. Airports in India have reopened, and markets responded positively, with shares rising in both countries.

Russia is preparing to hold a military parade on May 9 to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Nazi Germany's defeat—an event President Vladimir Putin aims to use as a demonstration of national strength.

Some residents welcomed any temporary lull in fighting as a chance to seek safety, reconnect with family, or access basic supplies.

"Today, at least I slept. The night before last, no. I think today was calmer," Nastya, a resident, told AFP.

Kateryna, on the other hand, shared, "They say we have a ceasefire, like, 'we’re not firing heavy weapons,' but at the crossing zone, everything is the same as it was. They are inconsistent in their actions. It seems that no one is paying attention to this — we are. After the other day, when we had 12 Shahed drones , I even thought about boarding up my windows. Those are the kinds of thoughts I have. I’m not even thinking about a ceasefire."

The order, which is expected to last from May 8 to May 10 , is met with suspicion by many Ukrainians who recall previous truces being violated or used as cover for repositioning troops.

For Andriy Yermak, Zelenskiy's chief of staff, "The Kremlin's proposal for a three-day truce is not about peace , but about safely holding the parade in Moscow. This is political manipulation."

Such attacks "play into the hands of Hezbollah," Macron said after a meeting with new Lebanese President Joseph Aoun, and following Lebanese official media reports of an air strike on south Beirut, the first such raid since a November ceasefire largely halted hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah.

Sybiha made the comments at the Raisina Dialogue in New Delhi, with the theme of this year's summit being “Kalachakra – People, Peace and Planet.”

The Israeli army carried out a wave of deadly overnight strikes on Gaza, the most intense since a ceasefire began last January, killing more than 400 people according to the Hamas-run Gaza health ministry. 

"Council expressed its grave concern and outright condemnation of the recent developments in Sudan, in particular the announcement by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and its affiliated political and social forces of the establishment of a parallel government in the Republic of Sudan, and warned that such action carries a huge risk of partitioning of the country," the statement read.

The AU emphasised that no member state or international actor should recognise or support any parallel government or entity seeking to govern any part of Sudan’s territory. The Council reaffirmed its commitment to Sudan’s sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity while calling for a peaceful resolution to the ongoing conflict.

"Council does not recognise the purported parallel government or entity in the Republic of Sudan," the AU declared, urging all parties involved in the conflict to respect calls for a ceasefire, especially during the holy month of Ramadan, and to commit to comprehensive peace talks.

Since April 2023, Sudan has been embroiled in a devastating war between the RSF and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). The conflict has led to tens of thousands of deaths and the displacement of over 12 million civilians, making it the world’s largest humanitarian crisis.

These stipulations were not part of the original ceasefire agreement, which primarily focused on the exchange of hostages and prisoners, increased humanitarian aid, and a partial Israeli troop withdrawal.

The second phase of the truce aims to secure the release of Israeli hostages and address conditions for a potential full withdrawal of Israeli troops from Gaza.

The ceasefire, initiated on January 19, 2025, has faced challenges, with negotiations for its extension encountering obstacles. Israel has accused Hamas of misusing humanitarian aid and insists on the release of additional hostages as a prerequisite for progressing with the ceasefire.

Public sentiment varies across different populations. ​A recent IPSOS report surveyed 23,721 adults across 33 countries, revealing the highest levels of optimism. China led with 59% of respondents expressing optimism, followed by Indonesia at 56% and India at 51%, while the global average stood at 27%.

U.S. President Donald Trump has emphasised the urgency of reaching a peace agreement between Russia and Ukraine, asserting that it needs to be finalised soon to end Europe's most devastating conflict in 80 years.

This dream is, however, on the brink of being dashed as Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy's visit to the White House on Friday, February 28 ended in an aggressive exchange with President Trump.

Zelenskyy was set to sign a mineral rights deal with Trump which will grant the U.S. a stake in Ukraine's rare earth elements, purportedly to reimburse war aid costs.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022 , has had devastating consequences. The conflict started with attacks on major cities like Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, and Sumy. As of January 2025, the United Nations had verified over 12,600 civilian deaths, with millions more displaced.

The displacement of Ukrainians has put a strain on neighbouring countries, with Poland recording the highest number of border crossings, followed by Hungary, Romania, and Russia.

The international community has taken economic measures against Russia, with the U.S., European Union, UK, and allied nations imposing financial and trade sanctions. These sanctions target Russia's financial sector, government-affiliated individuals, and high-tech exports, aiming to cripple the country's ability to wage war.

Throughout the conflict, the U.S. Department of Defence has played a significant role in supporting Ukraine, providing over $66.5 billion in security assistance since the start of the Biden administration.

In January 2023, Russia proposed a 36-hour Christmas truce, which Ukraine rejected, calling it a "cynical trap." The truce had little effect, as fighting persisted, and the Wagner Group, a Russian paramilitary organization, did not commit to the ceasefire.

Fast-forward to 2025, and there are indications that both sides may agree to a ceasefire. However, experts warn that this would not necessarily mean peace.

In early 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump initiated direct talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin to expedite a resolution to the conflict. These discussions, notably excluding Ukrainian representatives, have raised concerns among European allies and Ukraine. The exclusion of Ukraine from initial negotiations has been perceived as undermining its sovereignty and agency in determining its future.

European leaders, particularly French President Emmanuel Macron, have stressed the need for a peace agreement that ensures Ukraine's sovereignty and security. Macron has warned against hasty settlements that could compromise long-term stability and advocated for a cautious and inclusive approach to negotiations.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has maintained a firm position on regaining all occupied territories and securing NATO membership. However, the exclusion from initial U.S.-Russia talks and the potential for international pressure to make concessions pose significant challenges. Zelenskyy has expressed willingness to consider various avenues for peace, including personal political sacrifices, but insists on solutions that do not compromise Ukraine's territorial integrity or sovereignty.

UN on the other hand has passed a resolution which condemns Russia's attacks on Ukraine. The resolution further calls for an immediate end to hostilities, the withdrawal of Russian forces, and the restoration of Ukraine's territorial integrity.

Scholz emphasised that while ending the war as quickly as possible is crucial, a Russian victory or Ukrainian collapse would not pave the way for sustainable peace. This sentiment is echoed by many experts, who warn that a ceasefire or temporary truce may not necessarily translate to lasting peace.

Dani Miran, whose son Omri Miran has been held hostage since the October 7 attack, expressed his deep frustration outside Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office in Jerusalem on Sunday, January 26.

"We want the agreement to continue and for them to bring the children back as quickly as possible—and all at once," said Miran, who has become a familiar figure at rallies demanding the release of hostages.

However, it is reported that Miran's son was excluded from the initial list because he does not meet the criteria of being over 50, sick, or injured.

On the other hand, Chaim Hayman's daughter Inbar died in captivity and has been vocal about his anger. Hayman has campaigned tirelessly for the return of his daughter's body, which remains in Gaza.

"My daughter is in captivity. She is a woman first and then a deceased person. She should have been prioritised on the list of women," Hayman told AFP

The current truce stipulates the release of 33 hostages in exchange for approximately 1,900 Palestinian prisoners held by Israel. Since the ceasefire began, Hamas has freed seven Israeli women in exchange for nearly 300 Palestinian prisoners.

However, 87 hostages taken on October 7, 2023, remain in Gaza, including 34 whom the Israeli military believes are dead.

The release took place on Saturday, January 25 in Sanaa, the Yemeni capital, which has been under Houthi control since 2014. The prisoners included individuals who were sick, wounded, or elderly, highlighting the humanitarian nature of the gesture.

Abdul Qader al-Murtada, head of the Houthis' Committee for Prisoners' Affairs, emphasised that the initiative aimed to build trust and pave the way for more serious and honest dealings in the future.

Iskandar Al-Maamari, spokesperson of the International Committee of the Red Cross also echoed these sentiments.

"The International Committee of the Red Cross expresses its readiness to play a neutral mediator role to facilitate similar releases," Iskandar said during a press briefing.

Christine Cipolla, the ICRC's head of delegation in Yemen, further expressed hope that this release would lead to more such positive steps.

"This operation has brought much-needed relief and joy to families who have been anxiously waiting for the return of their loved ones," she said.

This release comes amid a fragile ceasefire that has significantly reduced hostilities in Yemen. The ceasefire, brokered by the United Nations in 2022, has been a crucial step towards ending the conflict that has devastated the country for over a decade.

A new airstrip is nearing completion on Abd al-Kuri Island in Yemen, with satellite images indicating significant construction activity. The runway, which appears to be built by the United Arab Emirates (UAE), could serve military operations in a region experiencing increased Houthi rebel attacks, which have halved commercial shipping through the Gulf of Aden. The UAE has been actively expanding its military presence in Yemen amid the ongoing conflict with the Iranian-backed Houthis, who have escalated their campaign amid regional tensions tied to the Israel-Hamas war. AP reports that the airstrip may facilitate surveillance and weapons interdiction against Houthi smuggling routes. Analysts warn that a new escalation in the war could occur soon, especially with incoming U.S. leadership under President-elect Donald Trump, who may take a firmer stance against the Houthis.

US warplanes strike northwest Yemen in fresh aggression

US warplanes conducted at least five airstrikes in Yemen's Harf Sufyan district, following comments from Yemeni leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi that military operations would persist against Israeli-linked targets in response to ongoing strikes in Gaza. The Yemeni armed forces have been targeting Israeli and American interests, aiming to pressure an end to Israel's offensive in Gaza, which has resulted in significant Palestinian casualties. Houthi emphasized that attacks would continue until Israel ceases its military actions, MEHR reports.

Yemen conducts missile attack on US destroyer, occupied lands

Yemen's military spokesperson, Yahya Saree, announced a large-scale missile attack targeting Israeli positions in Eilat and Jaffa. MEHR reports that the operations involved four cruise missiles and drones, successfully striking key targets. Additionally, the Yemeni Navy targeted the US aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman during these operations, coinciding with a supportive march for Palestine in Sanaa.

Iran dismisses claims of training, providing help to Yemen

Iran has dismissed allegations from a UN report suggesting it is training and aiding Yemen's Ansarullah group. Ambassador Amir Saeid Iravani criticized the report for relying on unfounded assumptions about weapon similarities and unverified sources. He asserted that such claims do not prove Iranian involvement, as similar weapons can be produced globally through reverse engineering. According to MEHR , Iravani also rejected specific accusations regarding coordination with Ansarullah and claimed a recent military operation was a self-defence measure, responding to an Israeli attack. He emphasised that Iran does not operate through proxy groups.

Yemenis celebrate Gaza ceasefire deal as shared victory against Israeli aggression

Hundreds of thousands of Yemenis celebrated a ceasefire deal between Hamas and Israel, marking a hopeful step toward peace after 15 months of conflict in Gaza. Demonstrators in various Yemeni cities displayed Palestinian flags and images of martyred leaders, voicing solidarity with Gaza. Ammar Amri, a Sanaa teacher, emphasized Yemen's continued support for the Gazans despite the risks of Israeli airstrikes targeting Yemen as retaliation for Houthi attacks. The ceasefire, announced by Qatar’s Prime Minister, involves an exchange of prisoners and aims to finalize a permanent end to hostilities. Houthi leader Abdulmalek Al-Houthi praised Palestinian resilience but warned that attacks would resume if Israeli aggression continues. The 15-month conflict has resulted in severe humanitarian crises, with over 46,000 Palestinians killed and millions displaced. While there is hope that the ceasefire will lessen violence, opinions vary among Yemenis about its implications for regional dynamics and the path to lasting peace for Palestine, New Arab reports.

Many Israelis are relieved by the prospect of peace and the return of hostages. Families of those held captive have expressed overwhelming joy and hope that their loved ones will soon be home. "This is a significant step forward that brings us closer to seeing all hostages return," said a spokesperson for the Hostages and Missing Families Forum Headquarters.

The emotional toll of waiting for news about the hostages has been immense, and the ceasefire offers a glimmer of hope for their safe return.

However, not all reactions have been positive. Some Israelis are sceptical about the ceasefire's longevity and effectiveness. Concerns about the potential for the agreement to fall apart are prevalent. "Deep anxiety and concerns accompany us regarding the possibility that the agreement might not be fully implemented, leaving hostages behind," the spokesperson added.

The fear that the ceasefire might be temporary and that hostilities could resume at any moment looms large.

Politically, the ceasefire has also generated mixed opinions. Some view it as a necessary step towards peace, while others see it as a concession to Hamas.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has yet to confirm the finalisation of the deal, adding to the uncertainty. The agreement's terms, which include the release of Palestinian prisoners in exchange for Israeli hostages, have been a point of contention.

"I believe that if we will achieve this hostage deal, we will have a majority in the government that will support the agreement. So, this is the simple answer. I believe, I know, there is a true willingness from our side to reach an agreement.," Sa'ar stated during a press conference in Rome alongside Italian Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani.

The negotiations, facilitated by mediators from Qatar, Egypt, and the United States, have reached an advanced stage. U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken indicated that a final proposal is on the table, awaiting Hamas's acceptance.