However, projections into the country’s economic performance in 2026 are being haunted by uncertainty over US trade policy, which is emerging as a key risk.

Malaysia currently faces a 19 per cent tariff on goods exported to the United States . While recent US semiconductor tariffs were narrower than initially feared, affecting less than 10 per cent of related exports.

Bank Negara Malaysia has projected economic growth of between 4 and 4.5 per cent in 2026, slightly slower than in 2025. The central bank kept its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 2.75 per cent, citing stable inflation and steady economic momentum.

Household spending remains strong, supported by wage growth and a healthy labour market. Investment is also holding up, backed by ongoing infrastructure projects and private sector expansion.

Some developing economies benefited from rebounds in energy production, strong remittances and post-crisis recoveries. Others were dragged down by violence, political instability and structural weaknesses. 

Global South World reviewed the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) 2025 projections — a closely watched outlook produced by the Washington-based lender that monitors economic developments worldwide — to identify the year’s strongest and weakest performers.

BIGGEST WINNERS

Republic of South Sudan (24.3%)

South Sudan’s surge reflects a rebound in oil production following earlier pipeline disruptions and conflict-related shutdowns, amplified by a low base. The IMF cautioned that the recovery remains fragile and almost entirely dependent on crude exports, leaving the economy highly exposed to price and security shocks.

Libya (15.6%)

Libya’s growth was driven by higher crude output after repeated blockades eased, boosting exports and government spending. In May, the North African country recorded a 12-year high in oil production, reaching 1.23 million barrels per day, underscoring the economy’s continued reliance on hydrocarbons.

Guyana (10.3%)

Guyana remained one of the world’s fastest-growing economies as new offshore oil projects came online, lifting exports and funding public investment. This followed a 43.4% expansion in 2024, when oil production reached 225 million barrels. Spillovers from the energy sector continued to fuel construction, manufacturing and agriculture, while non-oil GDP rose 13.1%, driven largely by government-led capital spending.

Kyrgyz Republic (8.0%)

Growth continued to be supported by the services sector, which accounts for nearly half of GDP. In 2025, services, goods production and rising tax revenues emerged as the economy’s main bright spots, helping offset external pressures.

Tajikistan (7.5%)

Tajikistan’s expansion was underpinned by growth in services and industry, optimism over energy investments, strong consumer demand and private-sector activity. Real GDP rose 8.2% in the first three quarters of 2025, while inflation remained contained at 2.8% year on year in September.

BIGGEST LOSERS

Haiti (-3.1%)

Haiti’s economy continued to contract as gang violence, political paralysis and collapsing institutions disrupted trade, investment and basic services. It remains one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, with nearly two-thirds of the population living below the poverty line.

Myanmar (-2.7%)

Myanmar remained in recession amid ongoing civil conflict, sanctions and capital flight following the 2021 military coup. The economy also grappled with the aftermath of a March earthquake that triggered large reconstruction needs. Inflation is expected to stay above 20% in the near term, further straining household budgets.

Equatorial Guinea (-1.6%)

The contraction reflected heightened global uncertainty and declining hydrocarbon production. Despite falling output, poverty is projected to ease modestly — from 57.0% in 2024 to 55.8% by 2027 — supported by expansion in labour-intensive agriculture and services.

Yemen (-1.5%)

Yemen’s economy remained under pressure from protracted conflict and disrupted oil exports. In areas controlled by the internationally recognised government, inflation continued to erode purchasing power. In Houthi-controlled regions, airstrikes on key ports and persistent liquidity shortages further constrained imports and access to essential goods.

Botswana (-0.9%)

Botswana slipped into contraction as weaker global diamond demand weighed on exports and fiscal revenues, compounded by drought pressures. Rising debt risks prompted the government to introduce austerity measures, tightening conditions further.

Economists had expected a slightly stronger reading of 49.4, and while the figure is an incremental improvement from October, it highlights the depth of the slowdown. 

Industrial output this quarter has posted its weakest gains since early 2025, reflecting falling export orders and nervous domestic spending.

The latest survey also showed that activity across construction and services slipped into contraction for the first time in nearly three years. The non-manufacturing PMI fell to 49.5 in November, from 50.1 the month before, dragged down heavily by the property sector and residential services.

What’s behind the slump?

The data paints a picture of an economy losing momentum on multiple fronts. 

Retail sales growth has slowed for five consecutive months — the longest decline since the early Covid-19 lockdowns — signalling that consumers remain cautious despite government efforts to revive demand. 

Job uncertainty, falling house prices and weak confidence are weighing on household spending.

Trade strains continue to cloud the outlook. Exports unexpectedly contracted in November as global demand failed to compensate for a steep fall in shipments to the United States . 

Although tensions eased slightly after a temporary truce was struck in South Korea in October between Presidents Donald Trump and Xi Jinping, key issues — including controls over rare earth exports — remain unresolved, leaving the deal fragile.

Relations with Japan have also deteriorated, adding another layer of uncertainty. A diplomatic dispute in recent weeks has prompted Beijing to consider economic countermeasures, raising concerns over further disruption to regional supply chains.

Bright spots

There are pockets of resilience: high-tech manufacturing stayed in expansion territory at 50.1 for a tenth month, and sentiment indicators show some improvement. The index measuring expectations for production and operations climbed to 53.1, with aerospace equipment and non-ferrous metals reporting confidence levels above 57.

Smaller firms also showed signs of recovery, with the PMI for small enterprises jumping two points to 49.1 — the strongest reading in nearly six months. But large manufacturers, which drive the bulk of industrial output, weakened to 49.3, signalling uneven recovery across sectors.

The weak readings follow a bruising period for industry. Industrial profits fell 5.5% in October, the sharpest decline since June, and the property slump continues to erode demand for construction materials and household goods. Services activity, which had been buoyed by the October Golden Week holiday, has now given up much of that boost.

For policymakers, the dilemma remains familiar. 

Beijing has resisted launching major stimulus, arguing that growth is still on track to meet the government’s 5% target for the year. But with output stagnating and demand still faltering, pressure is growing for clearer support measures — and confidence that China’s manufacturing engine can restart after months of sputtering.

China’s exports have stayed firm overall, rising 8.3% in September from a year earlier, but shipments to the US plunged 27%. Electric vehicle exports doubled, yet retail sales grew only 3% and spending during the Golden Week holiday was “mildly disappointing,” analysts at Morningstar said.

Residential sales fell 7.6% in the first nine months of the year, and S&P expects new home sales to drop a further 8% in 2025. Economists expect a central bank rate cut by year’s end as authorities look for ways to revive demand.

Across the Pacific , the US faces its own strain. The national debt has topped $38 trillion for the first time, as a government shutdown leaves hundreds of thousands of federal workers unpaid and delays key spending decisions.

“Reaching $38 trillion in debt during a government shutdown is the latest troubling sign that lawmakers are not meeting their basic fiscal duties,” said Michael Peterson of the Peter G. Peterson Foundation. 

The debt has climbed from $34 trillion in January 2024, an unusually fast pace. The Trump administration says it is tightening spending and cutting the deficit. Treasury data show a $468 billion shortfall from April to September, the lowest since 2019. 

But with voter concern about debt rising, and China’s growth slowing, both superpowers head into APEC under pressure to prove they can keep their economies — and their rivalry — under control.

“ Trade tensions, financial market vulnerabilities, and weak fiscal positions are converging in ways that could quickly reverse hard-won gains,” he said while speaking at the Annual IMF Meetings.

Here are the four key threats outlined by the IMF:

1. Trade tensions and supply chain disruptions

Despite some optimism earlier this year, global trade remains at risk from new tariff measures and geopolitical rifts. The IMF noted that while recent U.S. tariffs have had a limited immediate impact due to exemptions, any escalation could knock 0.3 percentage points off global output.

Countries that rely heavily on exports or imported inputs could face inflationary pressures and a slower recovery if protectionism intensifies.

"Flaring up trade tensions with the potential for supply chain disruptions could quickly lower global output by as much as 0.3 percentage points," he said.

2. Financial market risks, the AI boom and a potential tech bubble

The IMF drew parallels with the late 1990s dot-com bubble, cautioning that today’s AI-driven surge in tech investments could start financial instability. Surging stock valuations, rapid capital inflows, and speculative investments risk a sharp market correction.

A sudden fall in tech markets, Gourinchas warned, could hurt household wealth, corporate investment, and global financial conditions . “There are echoes in the current tech investment surge of the dot-com boom of the late 1990s. It was the internet then, it is AI now. We're seeing surging valuations, booming investment, and strong consumption on the back of solid capital gains. The risk is that with stronger investment and consumption, a tighter monetary policy will be needed to contain price pressures. This is what happened in the late 1990s. There is also the flip side of the boom. Markets could reprice sharply,” he said.

3. China’s economic slowdown and structural weaknesses

The IMF flagged serious concerns about China, pointing to its property sector crisis, high local debt , and declining productivity. The country’s pivot to state-backed industrial sectors, such as electric vehicles and solar, has generated growth, but at a potential cost of misallocated resources and rising fiscal burden. China’s ongoing slowdown could spill over to commodity-exporting nations and global supply chains.

4. Fiscal fragility and pressure on central banks

Many countries have failed to rebuild fiscal buffers after the pandemic. With high public debt, rising interest costs, and new spending demands, from climate adaptation to defence, governments face increasing pressure. "As fiscal constraints become more binding, we are seeing rising pressures on central banks. Calls to ease monetary policy, whether to support activity or reduce government debt service at the expense of price stability, always backfire,” he added.

A fragile mandate amid divided politics

Mutharika’s Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) secured a decisive presidential win, but parliamentary seats are fragmented, with the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) and smaller groups holding significant sway. This means policy will require coalition building.

A resounding victory for Mutharika but will need cross-party cooperation to advance government's business in parliament.

The economic reality: a country under strain

A new analysis by Fitch Solutions’ BMI highlights just how precarious Malawi’s economy has become, underscoring the uphill battle for newly re-elected President Peter Mutharika. The data show Malawi’s budget and current account deficits have remained stubbornly high for years, with both hovering deep in negative territory since 2017.

Fiscal shortfalls consistently exceed 8–10% of GDP, while current account gaps further strain the balance sheet. Real GDP growth, meanwhile, remains modest, projected below 4% into 2026. This combination of sluggish growth and structural deficits leaves Malawi highly exposed to external shocks.

Malawi’s economy is among the most aid-dependent in Sub-Saharan Africa. U.S. foreign assistance and multilateral aid make up a large share of secondary income inflows. At the same time, Malawi has barely 1.5 months of import cover, critically below the IMF’s recommended threshold.

In contrast, regional peers such as Zambia and Tanzania enjoy stronger external buffers, with higher import cover and less reliance on aid.

What Mutharika promises and what stands in the way

Mutharika is remembered for delivering relative stability in his earlier term (2014–2020), when inflation fell to single digits and roads were built. Yet his legacy was clouded by allegations of cronyism, which may affect donor confidence today.

Economists say his government must prioritise:

Cautious optimism, high risks

Fitch Solutions warns that Mutharika will likely need “cross-party deals” to govern effectively, while policy missteps or stalled reforms could push the country into a deeper crisis. His administration must restore economic stability through tighter fiscal discipline, credible monetary policies , and structural reforms. Otherwise, Malawi risks deepening its dependence on aid and falling further behind its regional peers. overshadowing recovery.

BMI , a Fitch Solutions research firm, is projecting growth of 5.4% in 2025 and a dramatic jump to 7.4% in 2026, easily outpacing many of Zambia’s regional peers.

Inflation, which peaked at 16.8% in February, has eased to 12.3% by September, boosting household purchasing power.

Meanwhile, agriculture continues to recover strongly and hydroelectric production is improving the electricity supply, a long-standing pain point for businesses. But the single most important driver is copper, Zambia’s flagship export. Major mine expansions and foreign-backed investments are expected to push copper production up 10% next year, compared to a 6% rise this year.

“With copper prices climbing and production ramping up, Zambia is well positioned to ride a powerful commodity wave,” BMI analysts noted.

BMI forecasts a 150 basis point cut to the policy rate, down to 13% by year-end, as inflation stabilises within the 6 - 8% target range.

Cheaper credit would encourage household consumption and enable private sector investment, helping spread the benefits of growth beyond the mining belt.

Thailand’s gross domestic product (GDP) forecast has been revised downward , with growth expected to remain below 5% next year. The adjustment reflects both global and domestic economic challenges, particularly those affecting exports. Analysts caution that these pressures may pose additional hurdles for the Thai economy, which is still recovering from the effects of the pandemic. According to a report from the news outlet เดลินิวส์ (Daily News), economic authorities are closely monitoring the situation and preparing measures to support growth.

Malaysia facilitates Thailand-Cambodia border talks

Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim has ruled out armed conflict over the Ambalat Block dispute with Indonesia, assuring it will be resolved diplomatically. Speaking in Jakarta on July 29, 2025, he said he had discussed the matter with President Prabowo Subianto, stressing peaceful resolution over war. His comments come amid rising regional tensions after the recent Thailand-Cambodia border clashes. Despite opposition pressure for a tougher stance, Anwar reaffirmed Malaysia’s commitment to negotiation.

Thailand aids farmers in selling surplus longan

Facing a projected surplus of over 1 million tonnes of longan in 2025, the Thai government is collaborating with the private sector to support farmers amid declining prices. The Ministry of Commerce is managing 151,000 tonnes through exports, domestic sales, and processing. Initiatives include exporting 15,000 tonnes, promoting local consumption via the Thai Fruit Festival, CSR-driven purchases, subsidised shipping, vending machine sales, and global outreach through 58 trade offices.

Two storms approaching northeast

Northeast Thailand is preparing for two storms expected to hit the region this September, according to weather forecasts. Local authorities have begun implementing emergency measures to protect residents and reduce potential damage. The storms are forecasted to bring heavy rainfall and strong winds, raising the risk of floods and landslides in vulnerable areas. Communities have been advised to remain vigilant and follow official guidance.

Thailand’s green tourism sets sustainability standard

On July 29, 2025, Thailand unveiled the Green Tourism Collections , featuring 20 eco-friendly travel routes across 10 designated Green Cities, including Chiang Mai, Krabi, and Bangkok. Developed by the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT), the initiative aims to align with European sustainability standards and cater to growing demand for low-impact travel, especially from EU and U.S. tourists. The routes promote environmental responsibility, cultural authenticity, and support for local businesses. Spanning both urban and rural areas, they encourage sustainable tourism practices while preserving Thailand’s natural and cultural heritage, in line with the 2030 Sustainable Tourism Goals.

Per a recent graphic by World Visualized, Indonesia led stock index gained after the trade deal announcement -rising 4.1%, followed by Japan (3.3%), Vietnam (2.7%), Hong Kong (1.5%), Malaysia (1.2%), South Korea (1.1%), Singapore (1.0%), Taiwan (0.4%), Philippines (0.3%), China (0.2%), Pakistan (0.1%), with India slipping 0.1%.

Bloomberg Intelligence attributed the rally to renewed trade optimism. The U.S.–Japan deal, which imposes a 15% tariff on Japanese auto exports in exchange for Japan investing $550 billion in the U.S., trickled through Asian markets with expectations of broader agreements. 

Meanwhile, U.S. markets hit fresh highs as reports indicated a pending EU deal featuring 15% tariffs on most European goods, coupled with pledged EU investments and energy purchases in the U.S. 

Revenues in the U.S. energy and semiconductor sectors surged , while European automakers dropped on anticipated export restrictions . Strong corporate earnings further bolstered sentiment, pushing the S&P 500 and Nasdaq to record highs.

Analysts caution that despite broad gains, uncertainties remain over tariff enforcement and evolving trade negotiations with China and Mexico.

Bloomberg Intelligence noted that while tariffs may slow global growth and squeeze margins, the reprieve offered by these deals has provided markets crucial breathing space 

According to the latest estimates from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank , countries exceeding the global PPP average span several regions.

In North America, the United States and Canada take the lead. In Europe, nearly all Western and Northern nations report above-average figures.

Across the Asia-Pacific, countries such as Singapore, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Japan, and South Korea also surpass the benchmark. Argentina and Chile are among the few South American nations meeting the threshold, along with select Southeast Asian economies.

The highest performers include Luxembourg, with a GDP per capita at PPP of around $141,000, followed by Qatar at $128,000 and Singapore at $127,000. The United States is projected to reach $89,700, placing it among the top global economies.

Other consistently strong performers include Denmark, Norway, Australia, and the UAE. Meanwhile, populous nations such as China ($24,600), Malaysia ($36,400), and Russia ($44,100) also exceed the global average, though they fall in the lower range of above-average economies.

Experts highlight that using PPP rather than nominal GDP allows for better cross-country comparisons by accounting for differences in local price levels. A dollar in lower-cost economies like India or Vietnam stretches further than it would in high-cost nations like Switzerland or the U.S., offering a more realistic gauge of domestic purchasing power.

Despite surpassing the global benchmark for GDP per capita (PPP), many countries continue to grapple with significant internal inequalities . For instance, the United States, with a PPP GDP per capita of around $89,700, remains one of the most unequal developed economies, with the top 10% holding over 70% of national wealth.

Similarly, China, despite a per capita PPP GDP of about $24,600, faces stark rural-urban divides, with urban residents earning more than 2.5 times the income of rural citizens. In India, while the country’s PPP GDP per capita exceeds the global average, the top 1% of earners account for over 22% of total national income, underscoring widening wealth gaps (World Inequality Lab).

Economists emphasise that GDP per capita, particularly at PPP, can mask these disparities and fail to capture access to essential services such as healthcare, education, and digital infrastructure. Growth potential in emerging economies like India, China, and Indonesia depends heavily on policy efforts.

For example, India’s Digital India programme aims to expand internet connectivity and boost digital inclusion, especially in rural areas. In Indonesia, initiatives like Smart Indonesia Card provide conditional cash transfers to support school attendance in low-income families. Meanwhile, China’s Common Prosperity campaign seeks to address income inequality through wealth redistribution, higher rural investments, and taxation reform.

Amidst modest global growth, the IMF forecasts that several developing economies are poised for significant expansion in 2025, with India, Argentina, and Indonesia leading the pack.

According to the IMF, India is projected to post the highest GDP growth rate among Global South nations, at 6.2%.

This performance cements India’s position as a global economic powerhouse, driven by strong domestic demand, digital transformation, and public investment in infrastructure and manufacturing.

Coming in second is Argentina, with a 5.5% growth rate, marking a dramatic turnaround from recent years of economic turmoil. Economic stabilisation efforts, structural reforms, and export recovery, particularly in agriculture and energy are contributing factors.

Indonesia rounds out the top three with 4.7% growth, driven by industrial development, consumer spending, and a resilient export sector.

Other key projections include:

The 2025 IMF report underscores a broader global context of moderate recovery, with world output growth expected to hover around 3.2%, largely unchanged from 2024. However, this average masks wide regional disparities.

Despite positive signals from emerging markets, the IMF cautions that rising tariffs, weak multilateral cooperation, and elevated policy uncertainty continue to dampen overall economic dynamism.

Global trade remains sluggish, and geopolitical tensions, particularly in Europe and parts of Asia, are casting long shadows over investment flows.

According to IMF projections for 2025 , Poland’s nominal GDP is set to hit $979 billion, outpacing the total economic output of Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Moldova, which collectively reach $927 billion.

Here’s the breakdown:

Despite having only 38 million residents, Poland generates more output than these seven countries combined, which together are home to over 77 million people .

The contrast is even more staggering in GDP per capita: $26,800 in Poland versus an average of $13,300 among its neighbours.

This economic edge is no accident. Poland’s early integration into the European Union, coupled with sound institutions, investor confidence, and a robust manufacturing sector, has fuelled steady growth.

Meanwhile, many of the surrounding nations continue to wrestle with structural weaknesses, ranging from post-Soviet economic legacies and political instability to, in some cases, active conflict zones.

Poland’s position today marks a dramatic transformation from the 1990s and underlines its emergence as Eastern Europe ’s most dynamic economy.

The report evaluated 186 countries based on their ability to produce seven key food groups locally, and only Guyana passed all benchmarks.

This stunning achievement places the South American nation at the centre of a crucial global conversation about sustainability, agricultural resilience, and national food security.

According to the Nature Food study, researchers analysed national self-sufficiency based on availability and domestic production of fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat, cereals and grains , pulses and legumes, oils and fats.

Guyana is the only country that meets 100% of its population’s nutritional requirements across all seven categories without the need for food imports.

Guyana's agricultural strengths include rice and sugarcane production (key cereals and cash crops), extensive fruit and vegetable farming (including bananas, citrus, and root vegetables), growing livestock and dairy sectors, access to both inland and marine fisheries, and a tropical climate with two growing seasons per year.

How Guyana achieved this

During a recent visit to Cane Grove farmers, the country's Minister of Agriculture, Zulfikar Mustapha, emphasised that Guyana is now the only country fully able to feed its population without food imports, thanks to the government’s strong focus on agriculture.

He highlighted major investments, including over $104 billion in the 2025 budget for boosting crop production, livestock, aquaculture, and agro-processing. Mustapha also noted that Guyana’s national policies integrate food systems with sustainability, health, and climate resilience.

Additionally, Guyana’s leadership in the “25 by 2025” CARICOM initiative, aimed at cutting regional food imports by 25%, highlights its strong commitment to food security and economic growth. Despite climate-related challenges, the government remains confident in reaching its goals through continued agricultural innovation and diversification.

Here are the top 10 manufacturing nations building a competitive value chain ranging from automotive to agro-processing in 2025, according to a report by The African Exponent .  

Africa’s most industrialised economy leads in automotive, steel, chemicals, and food processing. Anchored by giants like Volkswagen SA, Sasol, ArcelorMittal, and Tiger Brands, South Africa benefits from advanced infrastructure, deep financial markets, and integration with global value chains.

With strong exports to Europe and the Middle East , Egypt excels in cement, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, and textiles. Key players include Elsewedy Electric, Cleopatra Group, and EIPICO, driven by pro-industrial policy reforms and a skilled workforce.

Nigeria boasts of Africa’s largest domestic market with flagship projects like Dangote Refinery and the expansion of BUA Group are reshaping its industrial landscape. Top sectors include cement, food and beverages, consumer goods, and oil refining.

A regional hub for automotive and aerospace, Morocco leverages EU trade ties and foreign investment, including major firms like; Renault Morocco, PSA Group, and Bombardier Morocco. Government incentives and industrial zones further fuel growth.

East Africa’s industrial anchor excels in agro-processing, pharmaceuticals, and plastics. With Nairobi as a tech and manufacturing hub, top firms like Bidco Africa, Brookside Dairy, and Devki Group are scaling up regional production.

Combining public and private manufacturing, Algeria is strong in cement, steel, electronics, and automotive assembly. Firms such as Groupe Cevital, SNVI, and Hyundai Algeria lead operations supported by national infrastructure .

Industrial parks and low labour costs attract global manufacturers in textiles, leather, and food processing. Supported by state-driven policies, companies like Ayka Addis and Derba Cement underscore Ethiopia’s export-oriented push.

Programs like “One District One Factory” have boosted agro-processing, cocoa manufacturing, and pharmaceuticals in Ghana. Major companies include Kasapreko, Fan Milk, and Nestlé Ghana, driving value-added exports.

A niche player in automotive components, electronics, and textiles, Tunisia supplies EU markets with high-value light manufacturing. Companies such as Coficab, Poulina Group, and STIP are expanding their continental footprint.

Driven by cement, agro-processing, steel, and consumer goods, Zambia’s industrial base is growing. Firms like Zambeef, Trade Kings, and Dangote Zambia are benefiting from government-led industrial incentives.

Africa’s manufacturing momentum is shaped by local policies, international investment, and the need to create value beyond raw material exports.

"For 500 years, basically the West,  meaning Europe and the United States, were in charge. They were in charge through imperialism. They were in charge of world finance. They were in charge of the world economy," Sachs told Global South World.

According to Sachs, the legacy of colonial domination, from the Atlantic slave trade to late-19th-century African colonisation, left enduring economic scars. But now, he argues, that era is ending,  not by design, but by global shifts in power and technology .

“Finally, this Western system is ending,” he remarked, adding, “And I say finally because it was not a fair system. It was not a just system. It was not an ethical system. It was a system of power.”

The current shocks, marked by the United States’ reintroduction of tariffs , intensifying geopolitical rivalries, and sanctions that have shaken the post-World War II economic order, have left many developing nations in economic limbo. But Sachs insists this is also a time of unprecedented opportunity.

“Power is now more diffused, more shared, across more parts of the world than has been true for centuries,” he noted.

He cited the growing influence of China and India as examples of the shifting balance and called for the African Union to rise as a unified global force, pushing for fairer systems of trade, finance, and governance.

“Technology is spreading, economic development is spreading. The world is online everywhere, even in remote villages — though not equally yet,” he noted.

In this new world order, Sachs says the path forward for the Global South lies in unity, investment in technology and education, and a firm demand for inclusion in shaping international policy .

“Unity is absolutely essential. Africa has 1.4 billion people. China has 1.4 billion. India has 1.4 billion. But Africa is 55 countries, not by choice, but because that’s how the imperialists divided the continent,” Sachs told Global South World.

By contrast, Sachs explained, China and India retained their unity due to different colonial trajectories. China was never fully colonised, and India remained under a single imperial power, Britain. This, he argues, has enabled them to develop cohesive national strategies and global leverage, something Africa still struggles to achieve.

“I want Africa to speak with the voice of 1.4 billion people ,” he said. “By mid-century, Africa will have a larger population than India and China. It must have its voice heard at that scale.”

Sachs warned that Africa’s division into 55 states allows external powers, including the United States , to continue a “divide and conquer” approach that weakens Africa’s geopolitical clout. 

In recent years, Sachs has been an outspoken advocate for the African Union’s elevation to a global decision-making role. His efforts contributed to the AU becoming the 21st member of the G20 , a milestone he now urges African leaders to fully capitalise on. 

However, the IMF expects growth to rebound to 4.2% in 2026, driven by stronger investment and improving global conditions.

The updated outlook comes as part of the IMF’s global economic update , which reflects weaker-than-expected international trade dynamics, including new U.S. tariffs and an increasingly uncertain geopolitical environment.

Despite the overall slowdown, several countries in the region are expected to remain strong performers. Senegal, Ethiopia , and Côte d’Ivoire are forecast to post the highest growth rates in sub-Saharan Africa this year, underpinned by infrastructure investment, services expansion, and relatively stable political environments.

Meanwhile, Africa’s oil-exporting nations are expected to grow slower, averaging 2.7%, as global oil demand shows signs of softening. Nigeria, the region’s largest oil producer, is projected to grow by 3%, though this marks a 0.2 percentage point downward revision from previous forecasts due to falling oil prices and demand concerns.

Equatorial Guinea is likely to face the steepest contraction, with its economy expected to shrink by 4.2% this year, reflecting structural weaknesses and declining hydrocarbon output.

In  South Africa , the continent’s most industrialised economy, growth remains subdued at 1%, held back by persistent power shortages, policy uncertainty, and weak private investment.

The IMF warned that political instability and conflict remain “pronounced” risks to the region’s economic outlook. Rising food and energy prices, in particular, continue to weigh heavily on vulnerable economies with limited fiscal flexibility.

“Rising food and energy prices have had a severe impact on vulnerable nations with limited fiscal space,” Semafor quotes.

The IMF further urged policymakers in the region to prioritise fiscal discipline, investment in human capital, and governance reforms to build resilience in the face of global shocks.

The recent data from China's National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) provides insight into the ongoing impacts of these trade tensions on the country's economic recovery. With existing challenges comprising low consumer spending and a crisis in the property market, the data reflects that industrial output increased by 6.5 percent in the first quarter compared to a figure of 5.7 percent in the previous quarter. Furthermore, retail sales, which serve as a critical indicator of consumer demand, rose by 4.6 percent year-on-year.

Despite the positive growth rates, the NBS cautions that the global economic landscape is evolving into a more complex and severe environment. They emphasized the need for enhanced growth and consumption measures, stating, "The foundation for sustained economic recovery and growth is yet to be consolidated". The bureau called for "more proactive and effective macro policies " to address the challenges ahead.

Here's some of what they said.

You can share your opinions on our Facebook , Instagram , YouTube , TikTok , or X posts.

Bangkok, Thailand

Ayush: "The idea of capitalism is that, if you let the free market regulate, companies will be able to charge an amount that they want to, customers will look for the best deal, and then they meet in the middle. Customers get the best deal and we pay the lowest for the best service. But I feel like that doesn't apply to things like health care and housing, which are pretty f*cking important. So no, I don't think capitalism is working."

Ethan: "I don’t know but I buy a lot of stuff and that’s capitalism."

Mahmoud: "Capitalism, unfortunately, is working. Without capitalism, I don't think the world turns the way it turns."

Aiden: "Capitalism has always been a broken system. Unfortunately, there is no worldwide system yet that can actively replace it [...] Would I like to see something replace capitalism? Yes. Do I see it happening anytime soon? Unfortunately, no."

Azman: "Consumers have choices. If you prefer an iPhone, you can buy an iPhone. If you want a Samsung, you can buy a Samsung. There is a price for everyone [...] I feel it works."

Aiya: "Honestly… No."

Yuta: "When capitalism is in place, people are more worried about making as much money as they can instead of the main goal [...] which is either saving our planet or finding another planet that we can live in."

Fam: "A lot of people would judge me, but I think capitalism is the biggest lie ever. It doesn’t work. It's an unfair distribution of wealth and power."

Kim: "Yes and no. There are no middle-class families anymore."

Larry: "Absolutely. It's the only thing that has worked."

Vince: "They need to give back what people need."

Accra, Ghana

Nancy: "Capitalism is not really working. I would prefer socialism to capitalism."

Shadrach: "Yes, but we don't seem to have any country that practises pure capitalism."

Joyceline: "I don't think it's working because it only gives power to a few."

Felix: "Capitalism is working. I think some countries don't like practising it."

Ansah: "Capitalism is working, especially in Ghana."

Evans: "In European countries, when you go there, capitalism is working perfectly. But here in Ghana, it's not like that."

Godwin: "Capitalism is not working [...] The richer will keep getting richer and the poorer will keep getting poorer."

Ruth: "Yes. I feel it's working for a few."

Samuel: "It works for a few. In Ghana, it favours those who have businesses, those in politics. We, the ordinary persons, are left out of this capitalist ideology."

John: "It's not working. It only benefits those who are in charge."

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Erleyvaldo: "No. We have problems that are consequences of capitalism."

Eduardo: "No. Politics keep going without resolving anything. It’s always the same."

Tarcio: "No, it only works in the media, in their propaganda."

Victoria: "No, definitely not. Especially here in Rio de Janeiro. There is so much social inequality, so much contrast, so many people in the street… I don’t think it's working very well."

Brenno: "I don’t think any country could live completely without capitalism. There are negative aspects, but I think it is necessary."

Maria Clara: "Capitalism has failed. There is a lot of inequality, many people with a lot of money, others with little, there is no egalitarian distribution of wealth… I don't think it's working."

Silvia: "No. It’s not about saying it’s completely wrong, but it needs to be revised. Its consequences will eventually lead to the end of humanity. But I believe in human potential to review this system and find a solution."

Artur: "The world is capitalist, and that’s it. Money runs the world, unfortunately."

Mayara: "No, it never worked, it never will. Politics, corruption... In Brazil, especially here in Rio de Janeiro."

Anderson: "More or less. It’s good for the rich, right? For us poor people, it’s much harder. Now with the high dollar and high inflation, it’s even worse."

Maria : "I don’t think it’s working very well."

Tokyo, Japan

Interviewee 1: "It's probably not helping climate change. I guess we could have a better society model than capitalism."

Interviewee 2: "Yes for some people but no for others."

Interviewee 3: "Capitalism isn't giving us any solutions for climate change or the modern problems that we're facing. It's time for us to consider other solutions."

Interviewee 4: "Depends on who you're talking to. As a broke uni student, I'd say probably not. If I was the CEO of some big chain, and I was earning three million a month, committing tax evasion and stuff, I might have a different answer."

Interviewee 5: "I can't think of a better system to put in its place. But having completely unfettered capitalism with no restraints is a horrifically awful system. So, it's about finding that sort of nuance between social capitalism."

Interviewee 6: "We need to consider alternatives, but I don't think that people in power are willing to let that happen. They are invested in the system, it makes them money. Oppression of the working class is the only way to ensure that they can stay nice and comfy at the top."

Interviewee 7: "There's not a better alternative so far."

Interviewee 8: "No, it's not working at all."

A Global South World video series

This video is part of a Global South World’s series exploring global opinions on pressing issues.

You can share your thoughts on our Facebook , Instagram , YouTube , TikTok , or X posts.

In previous videos we asked:

Is the US a friendly power?

Are you scared of AI?

Stay tuned for more perspectives.

Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra announced an economic stimulus plan on Monday, aiming to boost Thailand’s GDP growth to 3-3.5% this year. Unveiling the plan on X, she credited Finance Minister and Deputy PM Pichai Chunhavajira, who developed it after consultations with five key economic agencies. According to The Nation , the plan includes accelerating the disbursement of over 100 billion baht in pending state funds, improving budget efficiency, and supporting structural economic reforms. It also seeks to fast-track private sector investment, particularly through the Board of Investment, which received applications worth 1.14 trillion baht (over $33 billion) last year.

TikTok commits $8.8bn to data centres

TikTok will invest $8.8 billion in Thai data centres over five years, including a previously announced $3.8 billion for data hosting. VP of Public Policy Helena Lersch announced the investment in Bangkok on February 28. DCD reports that TikTok, which typically leases colocation space, previously opened a $2.13 billion AI hub in Malaysia and is considering a data centre in Australia. ByteDance, its parent company, also utilises Bridge Data Centres for its Chinese operations.

Thailand condemned for ‘shameful’ mass deportation of Uyghur refugees to China

The family of a Uyghur man feared to have been forcibly deported from Thailand to China has condemned the move as “shameful.” The deportations occurred despite UN warnings that those sent back faced a “real risk of torture.” Ignoring protests from the UN refugee agency, the EU, and the US, Thailand deported 40 Uyghurs who had been detained for a decade, claiming they returned voluntarily to their families. However, speaking to The Guardian , the family of one deportee insisted it was “impossible” that the men would willingly go back to China as reported by The Guardian .

Thailand considers building a wall on its border with Cambodia

Thailand is considering building a border wall with Cambodia to curb illegal crossings and dismantle scam centres near the border, a government spokesman said Monday. Government spokesman Jirayu Houngsub stated that the proposal was discussed in a Cabinet meeting, with the Foreign and Defence Ministries assigned to consult Cambodian authorities, AA reported. He emphasised the need to study its feasibility and impact. The Cambodian government has not yet responded. Meanwhile, authorities are intensifying crackdowns on financial fraud networks, primarily run by Chinese gangs in Cambodia and Myanmar.

Gorilla Technology secures $1.8b deal for Thailand's largest smart grid and AI energy project

Gorilla Technology Group (NASDAQ: GRRR) has secured a landmark $1.8 billion deal to lead Thailand’s largest energy digitization and infrastructure transformation. Over 15 years, this AI-driven initiative will modernize power distribution, enhance security, and optimize energy efficiency nationwide. Unlike traditional infrastructure projects, Gorilla has introduced an innovative financing model to ensure long-term, sustainable funding, enabling large-scale execution while delivering lasting financial benefits to all stakeholders, according to Newsfile .

Angola’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 3.8% in 2024, driven by a recovery in the oil sector, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). However, the IMF warns that budget consolidation efforts have weakened due to rising capital expenditures and slow fuel subsidies reforms. Inflation remains high, and the currency depreciated over 10% against the US dollar in 2024, Angola Noticias reports. While the debt-to-GDP ratio declined, high external debt service continues to pressure the economy. The IMF projects 3% growth in 2025 but cautions about ongoing risks. "Growth is expected to remain at 3% in 2025, while inflation is expected to decrease with the disappearance of cost factors," estimates the IMF.

Angola among Africa’s 'less free' nations  

Freedom House’s "Freedom in the World 2025" report ranks Angola among Africa’s least free nations, scoring 28 out of 100. The report cites systematic repression of political dissent, despite some anti-corruption efforts under President João Lourenço. According to the study, "Angola has been governed by the same party since independence, and the authorities have systematically repressed political dissidence. Since the election of President João Lourenço in 2017, the government has taken measures to repress endemic corruption and eased restrictions on the press and civil society, but serious challenges persist in terms of governance and human rights," Angola24horas reports. Equatorial Guinea scored lower, ranking among the continent’s worst, while Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe were the most democratic Lusophone African countries.

Angolan president cancels Timor-Leste visit  

The Angolan President João Lourenço has postponed his visit to Timor-Leste due to responsibilities as the African Union (AU) chair. Lourenço’s mediation of the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo, according to the presidency, remains a priority. "Unfortunately, the President of Angola has postponed the trip because Angola has assumed the presidency of the African Union, a great responsibility and a great honour," José Ramos-Horta told journalists. Ramos-Horta emphasised Timor-Leste’s understanding of the situation, noting that the president's planned visits to Australia and Indonesia are also now unlikely due to his AU commitments, Novo Journal reports.

Over 3,000 killed in road accidents in 2024  

Angola recorded 3,120 road accident deaths in 2024, up from 2,915 in 2023, despite a decline in overall accidents from 13,597 to 12,303. Injuries slightly decreased to 16,282. Luanda had the highest toll, with 2,650 accidents causing 954 deaths, Novo Journal reports. Major causes include speeding, drunk driving, poor road conditions, and mobile phone use while driving. Motorcycle riders, especially moto-taxi operators, were involved in a significant number of accidents.

Missionary's wife charged with murder  

Jackie Shroyer, wife of slain American missionary Beau Shroyer, has been formally charged with murder. Shroyer was stabbed in Huila Province in October 2023. The Criminal Investigation Service (SIC) claims Jackie orchestrated the crime with hired help. The couple arrived in Angola in 2021 for missionary work with SIM, a religious organisation. According to Angola Noticias , their children remain in the care of close family, while Jackie awaits trial, expected within six months.

Apple Inc. has reached an agreement with Indonesia to invest in the country, clearing the way for iPhone 16 sales to resume in Southeast Asia’s largest market. Indonesian Industry Minister Agus Gumiwang Kartasasmita announced the deal during a media briefing in Jakarta. According to news outlet Kompas , the ministry will now begin the process of issuing Apple a sales permit for its latest smartphone. This agreement ends a five-month standoff that began in October when Indonesia denied Apple a permit due to non-compliance with local manufacturing requirements for smartphones and tablets.

What to know about Indonesia's sovereign wealth fund

President Prabowo Subianto launched the investment management agency Daya Anagata Nusantara (Danantara) on February 24, 2025, to optimise government investments and drive economic growth. Danantara aims to transform Indonesia’s economy by building a global sovereign wealth fund (SWF) and supporting national development. It will initially manage Rp300 trillion (US$20 billion) reallocated from inefficient spending programmes, Antara reports.

President Prabowo launches Indonesia’s first bullion bank services

President Prabowo Subianto officially launched Indonesia’s first bullion bank services in Central Jakarta on Wednesday, highlighting it as a key step in driving economic growth. The services, provided by PT Pegadaian and Bank Syariah Indonesia, will offer gold deposit options and are expected to add IDR 245 trillion to the country's GDP while creating 1.8 million jobs. “Indonesia, which holds the sixth-largest gold reserves in the world, will, for the first time, have a bullion bank. We hope this will accelerate savings and increase our gold reserves,” he said, at the event as reported by Bernama .

$200 million aid for Palestine

Indonesia launched a $200 million humanitarian aid campaign on Wednesday to support Gaza’s rebuilding. A strong supporter of Palestine, Indonesia views Palestinian statehood as a constitutional mandate against colonialism. Titled “Indonesia for Palestine: Solidarity, Real Action, and New Hope,” the campaign is led by the Indonesian Ulema Council, National Alms Agency, and NGOs, with government support. “This is not just a constitutional and religious duty but also a humanitarian emergency,” Deputy Foreign Minister Anis Matta said, aiming to turn the initiative into a movement for humanitarian diplomacy, Arab News reported.

Volcanic eruption temporarily closes Frans Xavier Seda Airport

Rans Xavier Seda Airport in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, was temporarily closed on Wednesday after Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki erupted on Flores Island, according to AirNav Indonesia. According to Social News XYZ , AirNav official I Nyoman Oka Wirama told local media that the airport, located in Sikka, would remain closed for a day until conditions were safe for flights. The closure followed a pilot’s report of a sulfur smell at altitudes between 5,000 and 11,000 feet while flying from Maumere to Kupang.

This growth is fuelled by the country’s rich natural resources, including palm oil, coal, and nickel, making it a key global supplier. Indonesia’s rapidly expanding middle class drives domestic consumption, further strengthening the economy. With ongoing infrastructure development and digital transformation, the country is expected to maintain its upward trajectory in the coming years.

Singapore, ranked ninth in the region, continues solidifying its status as a global financial hub. Despite its small geographical size, it has built a highly competitive economy by leveraging its strategic location and fostering an innovation-driven business environment.

The country has invested heavily in technology, research, and development, positioning itself as a fintech, biotech, and advanced manufacturing leader. With a projected GDP of $562 billion, Singapore remains a key player in international trade and finance, attracting multinational corporations and high-value investments.

Vietnam’s economy is expected to reach $506 billion by 2025, driven primarily by its booming manufacturing sector and substantial foreign direct investment. The country has become a significant production hub for global brands, particularly in electronics and textiles, as companies seek alternatives to traditional manufacturing bases like China.

Government policies that support business-friendly reforms and infrastructure development have also contributed to the country’s rapid economic expansion. Additionally, Vietnam’s young, highly skilled workforce and growing digital economy are expected to sustain long-term growth significantly.

Thailand and the Philippines are also set for strong economic performances, with projected GDPs of $545 billion and $508 billion, respectively. Thailand benefits from a well-established manufacturing sector, particularly in the automotive and electronics industries, alongside a thriving tourism industry that continues to recover post-pandemic. Government initiatives to enhance digital transformation and promote foreign investment are expected to further boost economic growth.

With its youthful and tech-savvy population, the Philippines is emerging as a hub for the digital economy and business process outsourcing. Its rapidly growing technology sector and increasing foreign investment in infrastructure and services are positioning the country for continued expansion. The strong remittance inflows from overseas Filipino workers further support household spending and economic resilience.

With dynamic economic landscapes and strategic investments in key sectors, Southeast Asia’s largest economies are set to play an increasingly important role in global markets, reinforcing the region’s status as a critical driver of economic growth in the coming years.

John Baraka, a 33-year-old unemployed resident, expressed his hopes for a better future: "You know, we have no choice. The people of Bukavu expect, above all, to see improvements in our lives - jobs and economic growth. We want young people to have opportunities and for everyone's living conditions to improve."

Similarly, Jean-Claude Mazombo, a father of six, emphasised the need for change: "We expect the new leaders to bring real transformation, unlike what we experienced in the past. We struggled with unemployment, but we hope the current authorities will listen to us and provide opportunities."

Another resident, Fiston, echoed these sentiments, stating, "We hope to see changes in all sectors. Young graduates need jobs. We want our education to count so that we can support our families."

UN Security Council Calls on Rwanda to Halt Support for M23

Meanwhile, as rebels continue their advance in eastern DR Congo, the United Nations Security Council has, for the first time, called on Rwanda to cease its backing of the M23 group and to put an end to the violence. UN experts estimate that the group has received support from approximately 4,000 Rwandan soldiers, the AFP reports.

The rapid territorial expansion of M23 has forced thousands of people to flee their homes. The rebel group now controls significant portions of eastern DR Congo, a region known for its wealth of natural resources. Fighters seized the South Kivu provincial capital, Bukavu, on Sunday, just weeks after taking control of Goma, the capital of North Kivu and the largest city in the country's eastern region.

Gaolathe referenced the previous administration’s Integrated Resource Plan, which set targets of 30% renewable energy by 2030 and 50% by 2036. However, he assured the nation that the new government intends to surpass these targets within a significantly shorter timeframe. “As the incoming government, we are setting our sights even higher,” he stated. “I won’t specify percentages, but we are aiming beyond previous ambitions because our people envision more,” Mmegi Online reports.

Recognising Botswana’s immense solar energy potential, Gaolathe noted that the country ranks third globally for solar radiation exposure, receiving approximately 3,200 hours of sunshine annually.

“With this resource, there is no reason Botswana cannot become a hub for solar-generated power,” he asserted.

He reiterated the country’s commitment to reducing its carbon footprint by 15% by 2030 but stressed the need for flexibility to balance economic growth with environmental commitments.

The vice president also mentioned the government’s dedication to research and development, particularly in science and renewable energy.

The 2020 Resource Plan projected an increase in national power supply by over 1,200 megawatts, with several projects already in progress.

However, Gaolathe believes these projections underestimate Botswana’s true potential.

He further outlined the government’s strategic shift from coal-powered energy towards a solar-dominated industry. “Another important aspect of our diversification drive is the modernisation of the power sector, with a strategic shift towards a solar-dominated energy industry,” he emphasised.

“Solar energy presents a remarkable opportunity for our nation. With abundant sunshine throughout the year, Botswana is ideally positioned to harness this clean and sustainable resource to power our households, industries, and communities,” Gaolathe concluded.

South Sudanese migrant sues Italy over release of alleged Libyan torturer: Video

Lam Magok, a South Sudanese migrant, has filed a complaint against Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni after Italy deported Osama Almasri Najim, a Libyan judicial police chief accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity. Read more here .

African leaders call for direct talks with rebels to resolve Congo conflict

At a historic joint summit of Eastern and Southern African blocs focused on resolving the crisis in Eastern Congo, leaders called on all parties to engage in direct talks, including with the Rwanda-backed rebels whose progress has raised concerns about a potential broader conflict. Read more here .

How AI is transforming African economies and businesses

African economies are not being left behind in the technological revolution, with the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in recent times. AI is transforming industries from agriculture to healthcare, finance, and customer service, creating growth opportunities and addressing challenges across Africa. Read more here .

Asia

China blames US 'sabotage' for Panama's departure from Belt and Road initiative

China condemned the U.S. for "smearing and sabotaging" the Belt and Road Initiative in Panama through "pressure and coercion," following Panama's decision to withdraw from the program, according to its foreign ministry on Friday, February 7. Read more here .

Taiwan sends officials to US to discuss possible Trump tariffs

Taiwan has sent officials to Washington to discuss potential U.S. tariffs under President Donald Trump and has made preparations in case they are implemented, Economy Minister Kuo Jyh-huei said on Saturday, February 8. Read more here .

About 500 Samsung India factory workers hold sit-in in latest dispute, sources say

Around 500 workers at Samsung's plant in southern India are staging a sit-in to protest the suspension of three employees, with the company bringing in contract workers to fill the vacancies, according to two sources. Read more here .

Latin America

How plastic waste is being converted into fuel in Mexico

A Mexican startup is transforming plastic waste into fuel as part of its efforts to reduce pollution. Petgas, based in the coastal city of Boca del Río, has created a machine that converts plastic into gasoline, diesel, and other fuels. Read more here .

Colombians weigh returning home after rebel violence

Residents of Colombia's conflict-ridden Catatumbo region, near the eastern border with Venezuela, are deciding whether to return home after a rebel group's attacks displaced at least 50,000 people over several weeks. Read more here .

Brazil's Lula rejects Trump plan for Gaza and tariff threats as 'bravado'

On Wednesday, February 5, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva rejected U.S. President Donald Trump's proposal to take control of the Gaza Strip, dismissing his expansionist ambitions and tariff threats against trading partners as "bravado." Read more here .

The West African nation produced a record 765,000 tonnes of cotton in 2021, with most exported to Bangladesh and other countries. Efforts are now underway to process more of the fiber domestically.

"Benin is currently the largest cotton producer in Africa," said Letondji Beheton, General Manager of SIPI-BENIN SA. "We now process 40,000 tonnes annually across three integrated textile units. To fully transform our fiber production of 305,000 tonnes, we need about 30 such units," he told the AFP.

The government aims to attract investments to build these facilities within the next five to six years, fostering local manufacturing and job creation.

Agro-economist Nestor Ahoyo Adjovi highlighted the economic ripple effects. "This will create direct and indirect jobs, generate income, and stimulate growth across related services," he said.

While Benin's cotton potential is promising, producers face challenges. "Last year, I harvested 4,400 tonnes, but this season's yield is uncertain," said farmer Mathias Azonnoudo, citing unpredictable factors impacting production.

Between 2017 and 2019 , cotton production in Benin grew by 13.4%, reaching a record 678,000.3 tonnes in the 2018-2019 season, up from 597,573.2 tonnes the previous year. 

The Auditor General's report for 2024 reveals significant issues with Uganda's EU-funded aquaculture parks project, for which the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry, and Fisheries (MAAIF) received a $10.5 million grant aimed at promoting sustainable fish farming. Key concerns include incomplete projects, lack of performance guarantees from contractors, and inadequate use of advanced funds. Specifically, a water-based Tilapia park and a land-based catfish park are unfinished despite substantial advances. The absence of secured land titles further complicates accountability. According to ChimReports , attempts to recover funds from contractors have failed, risking permanent loss of public funds. The Auditor General has urged immediate action from the Permanent Secretary to recoup funds and enforce financial safeguards in future contracts. The findings have prompted calls for increased oversight and accountability in managing public and donor resources.

Museveni woos UAE investors to Uganda

President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni of Uganda has urged global investors to engage in business opportunities within Uganda and Africa, emphasising the country’s rapid economic growth and the potential for added value in various sectors, particularly agriculture. Speaking at the Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week 2025, he highlighted Uganda's classification as a lower-middle-income country with aspirations to become a high-middle-class nation. As reported by The Independent , Museveni noted that a significant market exists in Africa, with a projected population of 2.5 billion by 2048, promising a lucrative ecosystem for investors. He stressed the importance of sustainable policies to ensure shared prosperity and cautioned against mistakes that could hinder progress. The summit included various dignitaries from Uganda's government.

Flynas celebrates its first direct flight between Riyadh and Entebbe in Uganda

Flynas, the leading low-cost airline in the Middle East, launched its first direct flight between Riyadh and Entebbe, Uganda, on January 15, 2025, as part of its growth strategy to connect Saudi Arabia with 250 international destinations by 2030. Zawya explains that The new route will operate three weekly flights and support the National Civil Aviation Strategy and Vision 2030 objectives. The inauguration event took place at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, attended by Flynas and Riyadh Airports Company representatives. Passengers can book flights via Flynas’s website, app, call centre, or travel agents.

Funding for refugee support

The UK has pledged $20 million to the World Food Programme for 2024/25 to support Uganda's refugee response, marking a significant increase from previous years. This funding is part of a larger GBP 25 million commitment and will assist over 800,000 vulnerable refugees through expanded cash transfers for food assistance. The initiative aims to enhance economic resilience, promote self-reliance, and provide financial literacy training. The UK's support reflects its ongoing collaboration with the WFP since 2018 and its commitment to sustainable solutions for the over 1.7 million refugees in Uganda, primarily from conflict in neighbouring countries, SoftPower News reports.

Lawyer for Ugandan opposition politician ‘arrested and tortured’

Eron Kiiza, a human rights lawyer in Uganda, was arrested and tortured after representing opposition leader Dr. Kizza Besigye in a military courtroom on January 7. Convicted of contempt of court, he received a nine-month sentence and was transferred to Kitalya prison. Colleagues who visited him reported signs of physical and mental torture, INKL reports. Human rights groups, including Amnesty International, have called for his immediate release, condemning his detention as a violation of laws. The Ugandan armed forces dismissed the torture claims as "absolute rubbish." The situation reflects a decline in the rule of law in Uganda, particularly in the lead-up to general elections, as repression of opposition figures appears to be increasing.

The Philippine peso is predicted to decline to an unprecedented low this year, with estimates suggesting it may sink beyond P59:$1. This anticipated depreciation is largely attributed to a strengthening US dollar alongside expected protectionist measures under the incoming US administration. According to GMA News , HSBC economist Aris Dacanay forecasts that this significant drop to materialise in the second quarter of 2025. However, he notes that the peso is likely to exhibit resilience when compared to other Asian currencies, largely due to the Philippines' protection against tariff risks, its robust dollar reserves standing at $106.837 billion as of December 2024, and consistent economic growth reported at 5.2% in the third quarter of 2024. For 2025, the Philippines is projected to achieve an average economic growth rate of 6.3%, falling within government benchmarks but slightly lagging behind initial aspirations.

Importation of birds from New Zealand banned amid bird flu outbreak

The Philippine Department of Agriculture has implemented a ban on the importation of both domestic and wild birds from New Zealand, in response to a recent outbreak of avian influenza, specifically the H7N6 strain. This ban encompasses eggs, day-old chicks, and poultry meat. Notably, GMA News reports that shipments that were already in transit prior to the ban will still be permitted as long as they were produced before November 9, 2024. This initiative is aimed at safeguarding the local poultry sector, a critical component for both food security and job creation, by preventing the high pathogenic avian influenza from infiltrating the Philippines.

Inflation speeds up to 2.9% in December 2024

In December 2024, inflation within the Philippines escalated to 2.9%, up from 2.5% in November, primarily driven by rising housing and energy costs. This inflationary increase surpassed analyst projections yet remained within the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) forecast range of 2.3% to 3.1%. The overall average inflation rate for 2024 settled at 3.2%, marking a return to the BSP's target corridor of 2% to 4% for the first time in three years. The BSP now possesses the capacity to sustain its cycle of rate cuts to bolster economic growth, with Governor Eli Remolona suggesting possible further reductions in early 2025. Nevertheless, he cautioned against ongoing supply-side risks, underlining the importance of vigilance and readiness, ANN reports.

Philippine activists fear US’ anti-ICC bill may impede probe into Duterte’s drug war

A newly introduced US bill, which seeks to protect American and allied leaders from the scrutiny of International Criminal Court (ICC) investigations, has raised alarms among Filipino activists. Concerns centre around the potential impact this legislation may have on the ICC's inquiry into former President Rodrigo Duterte's controversial drug war, with fears that it could obstruct justice for victims of this campaign, as highlighted by My News . Known as the Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act, this bill, backed by bipartisan support from Republican lawmakers, threatens to impose sanctions on individuals aiding ICC investigations involving US citizens or affiliated officials, including those hailing from the Philippines. Detractors of the bill argue that it could significantly undermine legal cooperation and bolster initiatives to delegitimise the ICC's authority in the Philippines.

Hefty oil price hike to greet consumers

Beginning on January 7, 2025, consumers can expect an increase in fuel prices, with gasoline and kerosene experiencing a rise of PHP1 per litre, and diesel seeing a hike of PHP1.40 per litre, according to announcements from oil companies such as Caltex, Cleanfuel, Petro Gazz, Seaoil, and Shell. Following a price rollback on New Year’s Eve, this imminent increase has been linked to expected shifts in US policy as well as colder weather impacting supply chains, PNA reports. Currently, petrol prices in Metro Manila fluctuate between PHP50.85 and PHP74.62 per litre, with diesel priced between PHP48.77 and PHP71.30, and kerosene ranging from PHP69.94 to PHP81.20.

According to the latest data from the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the top 10 largest digital exporters in the world are leading the charge in this digital revolution.

Here’s a closer look at these digital powerhouses:

United States

The U.S. is a leader in digital exports, contributing 15.3% of the global total. With a value of $649 billion in 2023, the country’s advancements in technology and innovation strengthen its digital export capabilities.

United Kingdom

The UK is a major player in the digital export market, with $438 billion worth of digital services exported in 2023. Over 80% of the UK's services exports are delivered through digital channels.

Ireland

Known for its favourable business environment and tech-savvy workforce, Ireland exported $328 billion in digital services, making up 7.7% of the global share.

India

India’s digital service exports reached $257 billion in 2023, reflecting a 17% annual growth. The country’s robust IT sector and skilled workforce are key contributors to its digital export success.

Germany

With $248 billion in digital exports, Germany is a significant player in the global digital economy. The country’s strong industrial base and technological advancements support its digital export growth.

China

China’s digital service exports have seen substantial growth, reaching $207 billion in 2023. This marks a near doubling of its digital exports since 2019.

Netherlands

The Netherlands exported $194 billion in digital services, leveraging its strategic location and advanced digital infrastructure.

Singapore

As a global financial hub, Singapore exported $182 billion in digital services, benefiting from its highly developed digital economy.

France

France’s digital exports totalled $170 billion in 2023, supported by its strong tech sector and innovative digital solutions.

Luxembourg

Luxembourg exported $122 billion in digital services. The country’s favourable regulatory environment and advanced digital infrastructure are crucial in its digital export capabilities.

Mourners gathered in New Delhi to pay their respects to Singh, whose body was brought to the Congress Party headquarters before being taken to Nigambodh Ghat for cremation. The ceremony was marked by full state honours, including a guard of honour and the beating of drums by soldiers.

Manmohan Singh, who served as Prime Minister from 2004 to 2014, is celebrated for steering India through a period of rapid economic growth and for sealing a landmark nuclear deal with the United States. His tenure as finance minister in the early 1990s was pivotal in opening up India's economy, a move that has had lasting impacts.

Luang Prabang, Laos, has been named the top destination in Asia for 2025 by Lonely Planet, known for its scenic beauty, old temples, and vibrant festivals. It ranks first, followed by Bangkok, Angkor Wat, and Hội An. The province recently received recognition in the 2024 Green Destinations Top 100 for its commitment to responsible tourism and the preservation of its architectural heritage, becoming the only selected site from Laos. According to Viet Nam News , Luang Prabang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1995, attracted over 1.9 million visitors in 2023, generating over $1 billion in revenue. Popular attractions include the Phu Si stupa and Kuangxi waterfall.

Suspected fraud ring member arrested in Osaka

Kento Yoshida, a 28-year-old suspected member of a fraud ring, was arrested in Osaka after fleeing from Laos five years ago. He is accused of defrauding two women in Japan out of approximately 500,000 yen ($3,181.04) via false emails related to unpaid website fees. The fraud ring operated in Thailand until its bust, affecting 26 victims and totalling around 300 million yen ($1.9 million) in losses. Police have made 28 arrests related to the case as reported by Tokyo Reporter .

Vientiane surpasses poverty reduction target

Vientiane, the capital of Laos, has achieved a significant milestone in poverty reduction, with 99.43% of its 156,392 families now above the poverty line. Only 899 families remain below this threshold. According to The Star , over 140,000 families and nearly 380 villages have reached developed status, although more than 10,000 families and over 100 villages still face developmental challenges. In 2023, Vientiane's economy grew by 5.85%, exceeding the National Assembly's target of 0.3%.

South Korea funds bridge upgrade and national road safety in Laos

The Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) has granted US$13 million for upgrading six bridges and enhancing road safety on National Road No. 8 in Laos. A groundbreaking ceremony was held in Vientiane, attended by key officials from both countries. The project aims to improve infrastructure along a crucial international route connecting Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam, and is part of efforts to strengthen bilateral relations, coinciding with the upcoming 30th anniversary of diplomatic ties. As reported by The Star , the initiative includes design consultancy, construction, installation of safety equipment, and training programmes, significantly enhancing trade and travel safety in the region.

Meuangfeuang district aims to attract visitors with ethnic festivals

Meuangfeuang district in Vientiane province is hosting the Sam Meun Toup Feuang festival from December 27 to January 1 to attract tourists. The festival features traditional thatched house displays representing various ethnic groups, local food stalls, live performances, and a night market. Visitors can dress in traditional costumes and experience living in straw-built houses. Entrance is free, and with picturesque scenery reminiscent of Guilin, China, Meuangfeuang has become a rising tourist destination. The district aims for 30 billion kips (over $1.4 million)in tourism revenue this year, having attracted 146,000 visitors in the first ten months of 2024, reports The Star .

Uganda's Central Bank has opted to maintain the Central Bank Rate (CBR) at 9.75% for December 2024. This cautious stance is influenced by various factors, including potential political shifts due to Donald Trump's election and the ongoing conflicts in Gaza. The Uganda shilling has shown a slight depreciation against the US dollar, averaging Ush3,679 ($1) in November. Concurrently, lending rates have seen an uptick from 18.8% in September to 19.4% in October, indicative of tightening monetary conditions. According to Zawya , the economy has witnessed a reduction in quarterly growth, decreasing from 7.1% in March to 6.2% in June 2024. The government's strategy to alleviate domestic borrowing pressures includes sourcing funds from the World Bank, with the performance of tax revenues expected to play a critical role in determining the amount raised. While headline inflation has remained stable at 2.9% for October and November, the decision to uphold the neutral policy rate is aimed at sustaining the stability of the shilling in the short term, although the repercussions of such policy decisions on economic growth may not be realised for up to a year.

Dubai and Uganda sign deal for economic growth

Dubai Chambers has formalised a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Uganda Chamber of Commerce and Industry. This agreement was forged during a bilateral business forum held in Kampala, aimed at fostering collaboration, facilitating trade missions, and exchanging expertise. The forum underscored the investment potential in diverse sectors such as tourism, agriculture, mining, and technology. Notably, the event attracted representatives from 29 Dubai-based enterprises and received support from various embassies and local organisations. In 2023, non-oil trade between Uganda and Dubai reached a substantial $1.2 billion, further highlighting the increasing participation of Ugandan businesses within Dubai’s Chamber of Commerce, reports Soft Power News .

Uganda allocates Shs177 million to transform Tororo Rock into a top tourist attraction

Recognising the untapped potential of its landmarks, Uganda's Ministry of Tourism has allocated a budget of Shs177 million ($48,314) to revamp Tororo Rock into a premier tourist attraction. This initiative includes a detailed master plan presented to the local government, reports ATTA . Local officials, including James Mboijjana and Mayor Kenneth Orono, have expressed optimism that this initiative will bolster the local economy and stimulate investments in hospitality. The transformation of Tororo Rock is viewed as an opportunity to elevate its significance not only in Uganda but across the African continent.

Uganda promotes birding to attract Asian tourists

To tap into the lucrative Asian tourism market, Uganda is actively promoting its exceptional birding opportunities, showcasing over 1,000 bird species, which represents 53% of Africa's total avian diversity. Lily Ajarova, the head of the Uganda Tourism Board (UTB), underscored the market's potential, projecting a revenue generation of $13 billion by the end of 2024. As reported by, Chim Reports , birding will be a focal point of UTB’s marketing strategy, which will also accommodate the predominantly Muslim culture of the region. Furthermore, employing digital marketing tools is considered crucial for enhancing Uganda's tourism profile.

Besigye sues Kenya, Uganda governments at East African court

Dr. Kizza Besigye, a prominent four-time presidential candidate in Uganda, has initiated legal proceedings against the governments of Kenya and Uganda in the East African Court. He alleges unlawful abduction from Nairobi, claiming that Kenyan security forces collaborated with Ugandan authorities in this extraterritorial operation, which purportedly contravenes both the Kenyan Constitution and the East African Treaty. Following their forcible return to Uganda, Besigye and his aide face military trial on security-related charges, despite their civilian status. His legal representatives contend that military courts do not possess jurisdiction over civilians and assert that the incidents in question occurred outside Uganda's borders. The Citizen reports that Besigye is seeking compensation of $100,000 and a permanent injunction to prevent Kenya from engaging in forced removals in violation of due process.

Thailand's healthcare and wellness market is projected to grow by nearly 9% annually, driven by an ageing population and rising beauty trends. The Global Wellness Institute estimates the wellness economy will surpass $7 trillion next year and increase to $8.5 trillion by 2027. According to TTW , With 20.7% of its population aged 60 and older, Thailand is on track to become a super-aged society by 2033, boosting demand for healthcare services, especially among seniors. Key factors fueling this growth include government healthcare initiatives, population dynamics, and increasing medical tourism, particularly in cosmetic surgery.

Thailand’s DES ministry blocks over 178,000 illegal URLs

Thailand’s Digital Economy and Society (DES) Ministry has blocked over 178,000 illegal URLs, with an average of 12,757 blocked each month over the past 14 months. This marks an 8.6-fold increase from the previous year. DES Minister Prasert Chanthararuangthong highlighted improvements in monitoring and collaboration with internet service providers as key factors. The Nation reports that Upon detecting illegal sites, the ministry promptly seeks court orders for blocking, which must be executed by internet providers within two to three days. Noncompliance can lead to daily fines, with potential penalties totalling 21 million baht ($615,862).

Hanwha ocean’s shipbuilding expertise praised

The Thai Parliamentary Defence Committee praised Hanwha Ocean’s shipbuilding expertise during their visit, highlighting its advanced ship design and automation technologies. They recognised the successful HTMS Bhumibol Adulyadej frigate project and expressed interest in collaborating on Thailand's follow-on frigate program to enhance the Royal Thai Navy's capabilities. According to Naval News , Hanwha Ocean proposed strategies to improve Thailand’s shipbuilding industry in partnership with local shipyards. The delegation also acknowledged the quality of Hanwha Ocean’s training programmes for Thai trainees. Steve SK Jeong of Hanwha Ocean emphasised the importance of this partnership for Thailand’s maritime security and economic development.

TAT projects 40 million foreign tourists in 2025

The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) forecasts 40 million foreign tourists in 2025, driven by government initiatives to boost tourism and the economy. TAT governor Thapanee Kiatphaibool anticipates 29 million short-haul and 11 million long-haul tourists, with a 7.5% increase in tourism revenue compared to 2024. The "Amazing Thailand Grand Tourism & Sports Year 2025" campaign will support this growth, coinciding with major events like the Southeast Asian Games and the FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship, The Nation reports. TAT plans to enhance tourism through various activities and is urging airlines from India and China to increase flights. This year, Thailand expects 35 million arrivals, generating 2.9 trillion baht in revenue, with notable contributions from China, Malaysia, and India.

Indonesia and Thailand bolster bilateral relations

Indonesia and Thailand are strengthening their bilateral relations under new leadership, focusing on collaboration in trade, investment, security, education, and culture. Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs Airlangga Hartarto highlighted a record bilateral trade of over $19 billion in 2022 and significant foreign direct investment from Thailand, reports Antara . He emphasised the need for deeper engagement, including business exchanges and people-to-people contact, aligned with President Prabowo Subianto’s priorities on food and energy security. As both nations approach 75 years of diplomatic relations in 2025, they are also collaborating on initiatives such as the Digital Economy Framework Agreement and seeking membership in BRICS and OECD to amplify the voices of developing countries. Hartarto expressed optimism for continued growth in bilateral and regional relations.

It was as if she knew her future roles when she earned degrees from institutions in Zambia and the United Kingdom in Political Science and International Relations.

Being a loyal member of SWAPO from age 14, Netumbo has served in ministerial positions since the early years of Namibia's independence from South Africa in 1990 including Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Environment and Tourism, and Deputy Prime Minister.

In 2017, she was elected as the Vice President of SWAPO, making her the first woman to hold this position. Her election as the party's vice president positioned her as a key figure in Namibian politics and set the stage for her presidential candidacy.

One of her notable achievements as minister is the Combating of Domestic Violence Act, which she introduced to the National Assembly in 2002. Despite facing criticism and jokes from male MPs, she successfully navigated the Bill through parliament.

Consistently advocating for gender equality, she called for a 30 percent representation of women among elected leaders, acknowledging that the 50 percent target may be unrealistic.

As a presidential candidate, Nandi-Ndaitwah has promised to address critical issues such as unemployment, particularly among the youth, and to promote economic growth. She has pledged to create more jobs and tackle the 20% unemployment rate for young people and graduates.

Her vision includes spending approximately 85 billion Namibian dollars ($4.7 billion) over the next five years to create more than 500,000 jobs

Women ruling at the apex of government across the globe have taken prominence in the 21st century.

If elected on Wednesday, November 27, Nandi-Ndaitwah would join the ranks of pioneering African women leaders like Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia and Joyce Banda of Malawi.

Despite her impressive credentials and 'juicy' campaign messages, Nandi-Ndaitwah faces significant challenges of SWAPO being ousted.

The party's dominance in Namibian politics has dwindled in recent years, partly due to allegations of corruption and economic mismanagement. The party lost its two-thirds majority in the National Assembly for the first time since 1994 during the 2019 elections.

The Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) in Colombia has charged six former Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) leaders with severe violations, including the forced recruitment of over 18,000 children from 1971 to 2016. Among the additional charges are allegations of torture, killings, and sexual violence targeted at children, with a specific focus on the LGBT youth. This action is part of the larger framework of “Macro-case” 07, which encompasses the suffering of more than 9,800 victims, including many from indigenous groups. The JEP's acknowledgement of violence against LGBT children as a human rights violation during the conflict marks an important step in transitional justice, with civil society advocating for thorough accountability and prosecution of the offenders. 

Abolition of child marriage for persons under 18

Colombia's Senate has unanimously approved the "Son Niñas No Esposas" law, which prohibits marriage for individuals under 18. This reform effectively abolished a long-standing statute from 1887 that permitted children over the age of 14 to marry with parental consent. The decision, made on November 13, underscores a pivotal triumph for the protection of children and women's rights after a protracted 17-year advocacy campaign. As Colombia becomes the 12th Latin American nation to enact such legislation, it faces challenges regarding its implementation, particularly in Indigenous communities where cultural norms regarding marriage differ, as highlighted by Wayuu Senator Martha Peralta Epieyú. The law also allows for the annulment of marriages entered into while underage, addressing significant issues, including gender inequality and teenage pregnancy. 

Peace negotiations continue with rebel group amid split

The Colombian rebel faction Segunda Marquetalia has experienced a split into two factions; however, the majority is poised to continue engaging in peace negotiations with the government. Originating from former FARC members who dissented from the 2016 peace agreement, Segunda Marquetalia is experiencing notable internal rifts, particularly between leader Ivan Marquez and negotiator Walter Mendoza. Mendoza has articulated that disarmament is contingent upon receiving further government concessions, particularly concerning social investment in underprivileged areas. Despite this division, the prevailing faction has reaffirmed its commitment to advancing peace dialogues with the administration of President Gustavo Petro. 

President highlights economic growth

Colombia’s President Gustavo Petro has reported a significant economic growth of over 10% in the agricultural sector, reflecting a strategic transition from coal reliance towards coffee production and amplified rural development. The rise in both foreign and domestic tourism now exceeds coal's contributions to foreign exchange, signalling a robust shift in economic focus. As fossil fuel industries face declines due to diminishing international prices, the agriculture, tourism, and industrial sectors are on a growth trajectory. The president has also underscored the importance of stimulating housing construction through reduced interest rates and promoting clean energy initiatives within Ecopetrol, the state oil company. 

Colombia’s president describes Venezuela's election as a “mistake”

President Gustavo Petro described Venezuela's presidential election in July as a "mistake," in a recent interview with Brazil's Globo News, contrasting his prior support for Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro. Petro told the news outlet Globo News during his visit to Brazil for the G20 summit that he initially supported Venezuela conducting the elections, but later concluded that the election was not “free.”

In a recent training session held by the World Council of Churches (WCC) in Namibia, professionals engaged with the youth on critical topics such as HIV, mental health, and human rights. The initiative saw participants discuss and work collaboratively in groups, led by Ester N. Sakaria, who pointed out that while young people possess some understanding of these issues, they continue to grapple with stigma, economic challenges, and violence. These factors act as significant barriers to accessing essential support services. Church leaders have pledged their commitment to guiding the youth in developing a comprehensive action plan to address these hurdles. Rev. Josef Ngula underscored the church's pivotal role in fostering a non-judgmental environment conducive to open discussions about personal struggles among young individuals, according to WCC .

Namibia completes major fibre expansion

Telecom Namibia has undertaken a substantial expansion of its fibre optic infrastructure, which has resulted in improved high-speed internet connectivity in previously underserved regions. This investment, totalling approximately N$35.5 million in the 2023-2024 financial year for the installation of 233,858 meters of fibre, has notably connected 7,838 erven, with a focus on areas like Katutura and Walvis Bay. Looking ahead, the company is allocating an additional N$27 million for future expansions in the 2024/25 fiscal year. Such advancements are expected to significantly bolster digital connectivity across various sectors including healthcare, education, and agriculture, furthering economic growth and addressing the digital divide within Namibia, Tech News Africa reports.

Truth about $60m-worth ballot papers

A false notion regarding the Electoral Commission of Namibia (ECN) has gained traction, asserting that the ECN disbursed $60 million for ballot paper printing. However, this figure has been rebuffed by the ECN, which clarified that the actual cost was merely N$6,259,686 (approximately $350,000). Despite the erroneous reporting by foreign outlets, including The Africa Report, which perpetuated the inflated claim, thorough investigations by entities like Namibia Fact Check failed to validate the original assertion. Following scrutiny, The Africa Report amended its introductory statement to reflect the correct financial figure without acknowledging the prior inaccuracies, according to Namibia Factcheck .

China's road network

In the Kavango East region of Namibia, road upgrading initiatives spearheaded by Chinese companies are significantly transforming local economies and improving daily living standards. The upgrades have rendered previously inaccessible roads navigable, which has in turn enhanced market access for residents such as goat seller Elizabeth Simboti, who has reported greater livestock sales and decreased transport expenses. The developments by the China Henan International Cooperation Group (CHICO), which has been operating in Namibia since 2007, are not only triggering growth in the main town of Rundu but are also creating job opportunities and fostering better community welfare through educational projects, as reported by Xinhua .

Namibians prepared for elections

Namibia's Minister of International Relations, Dr. Peya Mushelenga, has declared that the nation is fully prepared for the impending presidential and national assembly elections occurring in two weeks. According to The Heritage Times , these elections are crucial as they see the ruling party, SWAPO, confronting rising opposition from various parties. SWAPO has put forth the Vice President as its candidate for the presidential election, marking a pivotal moment towards achieving gender equality in the political arena. Dr. Mushelenga remains optimistic about SWAPO's chances, citing the party's entrenched historical support within the populace. Initial voting for security personnel and expatriates has already commenced, reflecting Namibia's steadfast dedication to maintaining a democratic electoral process. As the elections approach, they serve as a litmus test for the resilience of Namibia's democratic institutions.

This expansive development is expected to create up to 80,000 jobs and generate more than €14 billion in tax revenue for the Greek government .

CEO of Lamda Development, Odisseas Athanasiou, highlighted the national impact of the project, calling it a major step forward in building Greece’s global credibility post-financial crisis. "It’s a huge opportunity to put Greece on the map globally. The Ellinikon will add more than two percentage points to Greece’s GDP and will establish the country as a serious destination for foreign investment,” Athanasiou told the AFP.

The Ellinikon also aims to establish itself as the world ’s largest coastal park, designed to embody a “15-minute city” concept. Athanasiou shared his vision of a highly walkable city where residents can access everything within a 15-minute stroll or bike ride. “People are going to live in the largest coastal park in the world, designed for easy, sustainable living,” he explained.

With all infrastructure built from scratch, the development team has an opportunity to incorporate cutting-edge technology into every aspect of Ellinikon’s design, from energy-efficient buildings to high-tech connectivity. “It will be nature coupled with technology in a unique way,” Athanasiou noted.

By 2027, Ellinikon’s first phase will open to the public.

According to the  World Population Review , male workers, primarily from South Asia, Egypt, and other developing regions, have flocked to Qatar to fill labour-intensive roles, drawn by the prospect of better pay and stable employment. This influx has fuelled Qatar’s rapid economic growth and urban expansion but has also introduced some unique societal challenges.

The first one is economic implications.   Fewer women in the population often means fewer families are formed, resulting in a lower birth rate and may impact long-term demographic stability.

This could pose challenges for Qatar’s sustained economic growth, as a lower rate of natural population increase might create a greater reliance on continual migration to meet workforce demands.

The second challenge is the social challenge. A heavily male-skewed population affects more than just numbers; it can reshape community dynamics. For example, fewer women in society can lead to imbalances in family structures and marital dynamics and even influence social behaviours.

There can also be strains on the traditional support systems and changes in community cohesion, making it harder for the male-dominated population to integrate fully. With a limited number of women in the population, there’s also a risk of family inequality and related issues that could reverberate for generations.

While migrant labour has helped to propel Qatar’s development and diversify its economy, the resulting demographic shift has left a lasting mark on its social fabric. The challenge now lies in balancing economic needs with the social and cultural dynamics that a more balanced population brings.

Qatar’s experience is a reminder of how the pursuit of economic growth through migration can reshape a nation in unexpected ways, and it raises important questions about how to support a balanced society moving forward.

Singapore

Singapore leads the region with the highest average wage in manufacturing, $5,016 per month. The country's advanced industrial base in sectors like biotech, electronics, and chemicals and its high cost of living contribute to these elevated wage levels.

Malaysia

Malaysia's manufacturing sector is robust, and the average wage is $797 per month, particularly in electronics and machinery. This helps maintain relatively high wages compared to its regional peers.

Philippines

With a $555 average wage, the Philippines has a growing manufacturing sector, with significant contributions from the semiconductor and food industries, supporting higher wage levels.

Thailand

Thailand's manufacturing industry is well-developed, especially in the automotive and electronics sectors, which helps sustain competitive wages. The average monthly wage in Thailand is $431.

Indonesia

Indonesia's average wage per month is $350. The country's large manufacturing workforce and diverse industrial base in key sectors like electronics, automotive and textiles contribute to its position on this list, with wages reflecting the country's economic scale.

Here are the top five economies for 2024:

United States

The United States remains the largest economy in the world, driven by its diverse and innovative economic landscape. The U.S. economy benefits from strong consumer spending, technological advancements, and a robust financial sector. Despite challenges such as inflation and geopolitical tensions, the U.S. continues to lead in global economic output.

China

China holds the second position, maintaining its rapid growth trajectory. The country's significant investments in infrastructure, technology, and manufacturing have solidified its status as a global economic giant. However, China faces challenges such as an ageing population and environmental concerns, which could impact its long-term growth.

Germany

Germany is the third-largest economy, leading Europe with its strong industrial sector and export-oriented economy. Known for its engineering prowess and high-quality manufacturing, Germany's economic stability and innovation drive its growth. The country continues to navigate challenges such as energy transitions and demographic shifts.

Japan

Japan ranks fourth, known for its advanced technology and strong industrial base. The Japanese economy is characterised by high levels of innovation and a focus on quality manufacturing. Despite demographic challenges, Japan's economic policies and technological advancements continue to support its position among the world's largest economies.

India

India is fifth with its rapidly growing economy driven by a young population, expanding middle class, and increasing urbanisation. Economic reforms and investments in infrastructure and education are propelling India's growth, making it a key player on the global stage.

Rwandan scientists have identified two tree species, Senna siamea and Gliricidia sepium, as viable options for generating clean electricity to help meet the country's goal of 100% electricity access by 2030. These fast-growing trees have high wood density and calorific values, making them efficient alternatives to fossil fuels. The initiative, led by Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa from the Rwanda Forestry Authority, aims to sustainably address energy needs in rural areas, while also improving soil quality, mitigating climate change, and alleviating poverty. The project emphasizes farmer participation in cultivating biomass for energy production. Meanwhile, testing for biomass heating value has commenced, with additional analyses required abroad for other key elements. The approach has garnered praise for its potential to resolve food shortages and electricity gaps in rural communities, Tech Xplore reports.

Leader in ADR

Rwanda has emerged as a leader in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in Sub-Saharan Africa, according to the World Bank's recent Business Ready report. The nation has established effective mechanisms such as community mediators (Abunzi), court-annexed mediation, and plea bargaining, allowing for swift and amicable resolution of disputes. In the fiscal year 2023/2024 alone, over 12,000 cases were resolved through ADR, saving an estimated Rwf7.5 billion. Judicial spokesperson Harrison Mutabazi emphasized that a robust ADR framework enhances the business environment, making Rwanda more attractive to investors by preventing protracted legal battles. Since its implementation in 2012, the judiciary has focused on training, with a recent opening of an ADR centre in Nyamirambo underscoring this commitment, reports The NewTimes .

Marburg disease contained

The Marburg virus disease outbreak in Rwanda has been contained, with no deaths reported in the last three weeks and two stable patients remaining under care, according to Minister of Health Dr. Sabin Nsanzimana on November 1. Key updates include a 22.7% case fatality rate, over 6,000 tests conducted, and more than 1,600 vaccine doses administered. The virus's source was identified as fruit bats in a cave, which has now been sealed off from human contact. As of October 31, Rwanda recorded 66 cases, including 49 recoveries and 15 deaths. Weekly updates on the outbreak will begin on November 1, as reported by The NewTimes .

Tourism in Rwanda

In the first half of 2024, visitors to Rwanda spent $267.71 million on goods and services, a nearly 12% increase from $236.2 million in the same period of 2023, according to the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). The Travel Expenditure Survey revealed that in Q1 and Q2 of 2024, travel credit (expenditures by visitors) totalled $267.71 million, while travel debit (expenditures by Rwandan residents abroad) amounted to $168.8 million. A significant portion of travel credit (84.4%) came from air transport. According to The NewTimes , holiday spending was the largest category, accounting for 48% of total travel credit, with average daily expenditures of $173 for air travellers and $66 for land travellers. The survey's findings are intended to inform policymakers and businesses for better decision-making and enhance travel experiences.

Mpox vaccination progress

Over 50,000 people have been vaccinated against mpox in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda, according to the WHO. Despite this, the outbreak remains uncontrolled, with the African Union warning of a potential pandemic worse than Covid-19. Over 1,100 deaths and 48,000 cases have been reported in Africa since January, with the majority of deaths occurring in the DRC, the epicentre of the outbreak, Barron's reports.

Switzerland : For the 14th consecutive year, Switzerland holds the top spot. The country is known for its strong performance in knowledge and technology outputs.

Sweden : Maintaining its second position, Sweden leads in infrastructure and business sophistication. It also ranks highly in human capital and research.

United States : The US remains third, excelling in the quality of its universities, scientific publications, and intellectual property receipts. It continues to be a powerhouse in software spending and technological advancements.

Singapore : Moving up to fourth place, Singapore leads in 14 out of 78 GII indicators, including innovation inputs. Its strategic focus on technology and business sophistication is not left out.

United Kingdom: The UK is fifth with its strong performances in innovation outputs and creative outputs. Its vibrant research community and high-quality institutions contribute significantly to its ranking.

South Korea : Climbing to sixth place, South Korea is recognised for its high R&D expenditures and production complexity. It ranks second globally in the number of researchers and R&D performed by businesses.

Finland : Finland's emphasis on education and research, coupled with its innovative business practices, secures its place in the top ten.

Netherlands : Known for its innovative business environment and strong knowledge absorption, the Netherlands is a global leader in innovation.

Germany : Germany's strong industrial base and strong focus on R&D make it a key player in global innovation. It excels in manufacturing and technological advancements.

Denmark : Denmark's innovative public sector and a strong emphasis on sustainability and green technologies help it maintain a top ten position.

Below is a list of the 5 largest economies in Africa:

South Africa

South Africa leads the list with a GDP of $373.3 billion. As Africa's most industrialized nation, it continues to dominate the continent's economic landscape. The country's diverse economy, which includes mining, manufacturing, and services, plays a significant role in maintaining its top position.

Egypt

Egypt follows closely with a GDP of $347.5 billion. Despite recent economic challenges, including currency devaluations, Egypt remains a key player in Africa's economy. Its strategic location and robust sectors such as tourism, agriculture, and manufacturing contribute to its economic resilience.

Algeria

Algeria ranks third with a GDP of $266.7 billion. The country's economy relies heavily on hydrocarbons, with oil and gas exports being the primary revenue sources. Efforts to diversify the economy are ongoing to reduce dependence on the energy sector.

Nigeria

Nigeria, with a GDP of $252.7 billion, is Africa's fourth-largest economy. Known for its vast oil reserves, Nigeria's economy has faced challenges due to fluctuating oil prices and currency devaluation. However, sectors like agriculture, telecommunications, and services are contributing to its economic diversification.

Ethiopia

Ethiopia rounds out the top five with a GDP of $205 billion. The country's rapid economic growth is driven by sectors such as agriculture, construction, and services. Ethiopia's ambitious infrastructure projects and industrialisation efforts are key factors in its economic expansion.

Thailand’s Finance Minister Pichai Chunhavajira has highlighted the critical importance of maintaining an average inflation rate of around 2% to facilitate economic growth. Following a meeting with the Bank of Thailand regarding the 2025 inflation target, he affirmed that although the present range of 1-3% is acceptable, an inflation rate falling below 1% is simply intolerable. According to the Bangkok Post , Pichai underscored that a more robust inflation rate could catalyse stimulating domestic investment and consumption, thereby enhancing GDP growth. He stressed that it is crucial to align monetary policy with growth objectives. Conversely, Bank of Thailand Governor Sethaput Suthiwartnarueput cautioned against adopting a higher inflation target, which could lead to market instability. The final Monetary Policy Committee assembly of the year is slated for December 18.

Hazardous waste returns from Albania

In a separate development, a shipment containing 2,100 tonnes of suspected hazardous steel industry waste was returned to Albania from Thailand on October 28, after being denied entry into the country. This shipment was flagged by the Basel Action Network (BAN) and originally hails from Albania with the intent of being processed in Thailand. Concerns regarding the legitimacy of the shipment surfaced after a whistleblower's alert, resulting in Thailand's refusal to accept it. Upon its arrival in Durres, Jim Puckett, BAN's Director, has advocated for a comprehensive analysis of the waste to verify its hazardous characteristics and to pinpoint the accountable parties. Previous examinations in Thailand had revealed worrisome levels of toxic metals, prompting environmental apprehensions regarding the importing facility, reports World Cargo News .

Export gains from wood chips

In September 2024, Thailand exhibited a significant increase in wood chip exports, recording a year-on-year rise of 40%, reaching a total of 528.1 thousand tonnes, alongside an 8% increase in export prices, Lesprom reports.

Exports of recycled pulp decrease

Thailand's exports of recycled pulp encountered a 25% year-on-year decrease, falling to 179.9 thousand tonnes in September 2024, despite an 8% hike in prices for the exported pulp, as reported by Lesprom .

Student jets off to Thailand

Anani Nani, a student at the Durban University of Technology (DUT), has been selected to represent South Africa at the Asia Youth International Model United Nations (AYIMUN) in Bangkok, Thailand, from November 1-4, 2024. The conference, which carries the theme “Empowering Youth Diplomacy for Global Harmony,” aims to foster leadership and diplomatic skills among emerging leaders. Nani, who is the founder of INAN Aeroponics Farming and a scholar in Urban and Regional Planning, will participate in discussions at the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Council, focusing on sustainable agricultural practices in the face of climate change. According to The Witness , she intends to champion climate-resilient crops and Agri-tech solutions, drawing upon her academic insights and leadership experiences to address the agricultural challenges faced by South Africa amid climate fluctuations.

This immense demographic scale presents both opportunities and challenges for economic growth, urban development, and resource management.

On the one hand, the country's immense population could drive economic growth and expand markets, while also enhancing its geopolitical influence. On the other hand, it creates substantial pressure on urban infrastructure, resource management, and employment.

On a wider scale, India's population is equivalent to 17.78% of the total world population.

As the world’s second-most populous country, India's growing role in global markets and geopolitics is becoming increasingly evident.