What they said

Mexico's President Claudia Sheinbaum wrote on X, “There is absolute coordination with the governments of all states,” adding that “in the vast majority of the national territory, activities are proceeding with complete normality.” US Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau called Oseguera “one of the bloodiest and most ruthless drug kingpins” and said, “This is a great development for Mexico, the US, Latin America , and the world.”

Port-au-Prince is facing an effective blockade, with key roads cut off and armed groups controlling an estimated 90 per cent of the city. Footage from the aid operation shows long queues of residents holding tokens as they waited for basic supplies such as rice and flour, underscoring the scale of need in neighbourhoods increasingly isolated by insecurity.

The assistance reached both long-time residents of Delmas and people displaced from nearby areas who have sought refuge there after fleeing violence. With livelihoods disrupted and movement severely restricted, food aid has become a lifeline for families unable to afford basic necessities amid soaring prices and limited access to markets.

The distribution comes as Haiti faces a deepening humanitarian and political crisis. More than 5.7 million people, roughly half the population , are experiencing acute hunger, while internal displacement has risen to 1.4 million. At the same time, the mandate of the Transitional Presidential Council is due to expire on 7 February, raising concerns about a potential leadership vacuum as ongoing insecurity continues to prevent elections.

Guatemala is seeing a shift in organised crime dynamics as Mexican cartels, notably Sinaloa and Jalisco Nueva Generación and a newer Cartel Chiapas–Guatemala faction expand influence, challenging old tacit “peace” arrangements and escalating violent territorial disputes. Analysts note that Guatemala is no longer just a transit zone for narcotics but a space of active control and conflict, marked by armed clashes, murders and threats to security forces. Recent incidents in Huehuetenango and Sololá highlight this pattern of violence spreading from the Mexico–Guatemala frontier into the interior of the country.

PNC says report blaming army was written under threats

The National Civil Police (PNC) has disputed an earlier police report that accused the Guatemalan Army of attacking civilians and a patrol in Nahualá, Sololá during recent clashes. The PNC claims the original report was drafted under coercion, threats and extreme violence by armed groups, and insists that a revised, verifiable account was later submitted to prosecutors. Authorities maintain that the verified version confirms engagements with illegal armed actors and justifies the state of prevention in the area. The violence forms part of a broader security crisis in western Guatemala, where long-running territorial disputes between Nahualá and Santa Catarina Ixtahuacán have escalated into armed attacks on police and military positions. The unrest prompted the government to deploy security forces and impose temporary restrictions on movement and public gatherings.

Debate intensifies over Guatemala’s 2026 minimum wage increase

Guatemalan officials have approved an increase in the minimum wage for 2026, with differentiated hikes across sectors, 7.5% for non-agricultural work, 5.5% in agriculture and 4% in export and maquila sectors, effective 1 January. While the government says the adjustments align with technical criteria and economic needs, some analysts argue the rise exceeds what economic indicators justify and could challenge business formalisation. Business groups have called for more technical discussion on wage policy amid divided reactions across sectors.

Guatemala expels alleged Mara 18 gang member to El Salvador

Guatemalan authorities located and expelled Adilson Alfonso “Fatboy” Gómez, a 39-year-old alleged member of the Mara 18 gang wanted in El Salvador with multiple arrest orders. The operation, involving investigators from the DIPANDA unit, reflects continued efforts to remove transnational gang figures hiding in Guatemala. Gómez was delivered to Salvadoran authorities after being found in Guatemala City’s Zone 7, and his expulsion underscores ongoing regional cooperation against organised gang activity.

US issues travel warning over violence in Sololá region

The United States Embassy in Guatemala has issued a travel advisory urging US citizens to avoid the municipalities of Nahualá and Santa Catarina Ixtahuacán in Sololá due to deteriorating security following violent clashes. The alert follows the Guatemalan government ’s 15-day state of prevention declaration in response to recent armed confrontations that killed and wounded civilians and security forces. The embassy’s warning emphasises heightened risks for travellers in and around the conflict area.

The son of a fried chicken seller, Chérizier was expelled from the police after a notorious massacre - one of many linked to him. From there, he gradually brought together dozens of gangland factions into a coalition that delivers him a small army capable of confronting international reinforcements brought in by the island’s government.

He has already shown he can topple presidents, but will he one day move from kingmaker to king?

To do that, they need an ideology — and the country’s largest gang coalition,  Viv Ansanm  (VA), has one. Its leader, Jimmy Chérizier, known as “Barbecue”, does not want to be seen simply as a criminal. He sees himself as a revolutionary, a socialist and an anti-imperialist. Alongside Lenin, Mao and Che Guevara, Chérizier idolises Haiti’s independence leader Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who ordered the massacre of the island’s white population, and François “Papa Doc” Duvalier, the dictator who relied on the feared paramilitary secret police infamously known as  Tonton Macoutes .

When gangs launched their offensive in Port-au-Prince in March 2024, Chérizier received support from “political actors — the left-wing  Children of Dessalines  party, and the popular former senator Guy Philippe. Philippe brands himself as far-right, though such labels mean little in the Haitian context. For a time, Chérizier became not just a gang leader but a participant in a wider political alliance.

Among VA’s real or potential allies are former MP Victor Prophane, who once created the Gran Grif gang in the Artibonite Valley; the well-known singer Jacques Sauveur Jean, who has entered politics; and former football star Jeff Louis. Prophane is fighting his own war to capture Haiti’s main agricultural region. The other two are media figures who openly praise VA’s “revolutionary achievements” and bolster its image.

VA is waging war against Haitian and foreign police forces in an effort to overthrow what Chérizier calls a “pro-imperialist” government. Kenyan and other foreign police contingents brought in by the authorities are described as occupiers, and VA’s military campaign is framed as a national liberation struggle.

The coalition relies not only on violence but also on community structures to expand its influence. It uses neighbourhood committees, trade unions and sympathetic politicians to build support. In the summer of 2025, VA managed to stage several large public demonstrations that disrupted attempts by the police and army to retake gang-held districts.

The coalition also has backing from media outlets, both domestic and international.  Haiti Liberté , an online publication headquartered in New York with bureaux in Port-au-Prince, Toronto, Miami and France, has voiced strong support for the movement.

The Canadian left-wing platform  The Canada Files  publishes extensively on Haiti and shows sympathy for Chérizier’snarrative. One article states: “Chérizier calls for the overthrow of the Haitian bourgeoisie and what he describes as a ‘putrid, rotten system’. Instead of ‘5% controlling 85% of national wealth’, he advocates a system in which Haiti’s resources are shared by all.”

A similar message comes from  Internationalist 360° , a far-left US-based news portal. In its piece “Barbecue’s Haitian Revolution, & Empire’s Scramble to Stop it from Spreading Across America”, the site writes : “What Barbecue has built is the perfect threat towards Washington’s designs in the American hemisphere in particular; to ensure Haiti’s continued subjugation, the U.S. engineered the destabilization of Haitian society, but now Barbecue has come in to unite the gangs while lifting up people’s living standards. The empire’s worst fear is that this revolutionary struggle will keep spreading, until it comes to overthrow the imperial state itself.”

Chérizier may not be entirely wrong in believing that if his forces seize power, the UN, the United States and the European Union will not cut food and financial aid, and may even increase it out of a sense of obligation to a “desperate” country.

All he would need is recognition as a “party to the conflict,” which is often the first step toward becoming a legitimate political force. After all, Colombia is now conducting formal negotiations with the Gulf Clan, a criminal group involved in drug and human trafficking. And armed groups like the FARC in Colombia, the Shining Path in Peru and Mexico’s Party of the Poor were long seen in parts of the West as political actors, despite their methods.

Chérizier may therefore believe he can one day lead Haiti, swap his combat gear for an expensive suit, and denounce imperialism not from the burning streets of Port-au-Prince but from the podiums of international conferences.

This is why the war in Haiti can no longer be dismissed as mere gang violence. It has become a genuine civil conflict, fought by radical movements - criminal in origin, but hardly unique in that - against a pro-Western government.

This editorial represents the opinions of an international policy analyst who chooses to remain anonymous to avoid compromising his work. His identity has been verified by Global South World.

Laurent Saint-Cyr, President of the Haitian Presidential Transitional Council (PTC), welcomed the officers during an official ceremony, stating that the new arrivals will work alongside Haiti’s National Police and the Armed Forces to help secure the planned 2026 elections . “Haiti needs this support. The restoration of security is an imperative to allow the holding of elections,” he said, pledging visible results for the population.

The arrival of the new contingent coincided with the departure of another group of 100 Kenyan officers who completed their mission and returned home. Saint-Cyr thanked them for their service, expressing “eternal gratitude” on behalf of the nation and wishing them a safe return to their families.

The reinforcements come as Haiti awaits the full deployment of the Gang Repression Force (GRF), which is expected to reach 5,500 personnel. According to the UN, the GRF is intended to significantly weaken gang control and improve living conditions within a year of its full mobilisation.

The scale of the challenge remains immense. In 2024 alone, gang violence in Haiti reportedly left at least 5,600 people dead, more than 2,200 injured, 1,494 kidnapped, and over one million internally displaced. Between April and June 2025, authorities recorded a further 1,520 killings and more than 600 injuries, underscoring the country’s ongoing security emergency.

Survivors described desperate scenes: families escaping at night, many forced to abandon their homes with nothing but what they carried. Coastal towns like Saint‑Marc have seen a flood of displaced people , anger rising as residents demand protection from a government many say has failed to act.

The violence continues a trend of escalating gang power across Haiti. According to recent UN-linked reports, gang violence killed more people in 2024 than in previous years, while armed groups now dominate key regions, including the capital and central territories. The attacks over the weekend underscore how fragile state control has become and how vulnerable civilians are where armed groups operate freely.

Humanitarian organisations warn that the impact goes beyond deaths and displacement: huge numbers face food insecurity, lack of shelter, disrupted access to healthcare and education , and psychological trauma from repeated violence. For many families, survival has turned into a daily struggle, with uncertainty over whether they’ll ever return home or even remain safe while fleeing.

As Haiti’s government and international actors assess next steps, this crisis highlights the urgent need for sustained humanitarian and security responses. Without a coordinated strategy to curb gang power and protect civilians, regions like Artibonite risk sinking deeper into chaos, and thousands more could be forced to abandon everything they know.

According to official reports, 27 inmates were found hanged in their cells, apparently asphyxiated in one of the most chilling episodes of prison violence in the country. The prison oversight body (SNAI) stated that the deaths are being thoroughly investigated. Earlier that day, four prisoners died and more than 40 were injured during a riot, in an incident attributed to the reorganisation of inmates.

Analysts point to a broader pattern of instability in Ecuador’s detention system. Since 2021, more than 500 inmates have died in comparable clashes, often linked to gang rivalries and systemic overcrowding in prisons. The El Oro facility is reported to be overfilled, and internal power struggles among criminal organisations such as Los Lobos and Sao Box continue to drive violence.

The social organisations demanding accountability are calling for an immediate declaration of a national prison emergency, warning that without urgent intervention, such episodes will continue to put inmates’ fundamental rights at risk.

The massacre has not only fuelled domestic criticism but also attracted international attention. Observers warn that the crisis highlights serious governance failures and underscores the need for Ecuador to cooperate with global partners to reform its penal system.

Officials claim they killed armed criminals who resisted arrest, captured over 80 suspects, and seized dozens of rifles and drugs.

Rio’s governor described the operation as a fight against narco-terrorism and declared the city “at war .”

However, human rights groups and witnesses paint a far darker picture, calling the incident a “massacre.” Locals reported seeing bodies in the streets, some apparently shot execution-style. Others described injuries consistent with stabbings and even decapitation.

The raid comes just days before major global events in Brazil, including the Earthshot Prize and COP30 climate talks.

Unanswered questions remain, including how many of those killed were gang members and how many were innocent residents caught in the crossfire.

Critics fear the operation marks yet another escalation in Rio’s long cycle of violence between police and gangs, leaving already traumatised communities in deeper distress.

“It was a massacre with several premeditated killings, those where there is intent to kill,” said Alex Castro, a resident of the community. “Mothers have lost their children , wives their husbands, and children their parents. The only thing we ask for is peace.”

Neusa, another resident, expressed frustration at the state’s repeated use of violence while failing to invest in long-term solutions. “The State knows how to make us cry, because we are mothers. But the State doesn’t come with projects,” she said. “Everything that happened today should not have happened,” she said.

The community is still reeling, with reports that several bodies remain in the forested areas surrounding the favela. Residents have taken it upon themselves to organise searches, with some travelling by motorcycle deep into the woods to recover the dead.

Claudia, who witnessed one of the killings, described how a man who had already surrendered was executed. “He said, ‘I surrender.’ That’s what he did. And they shot him anyway,” she said. “Not even criminals should be killed. This shouldn’t be happening in our favela.” 

The operation has once again put Brazil’s militarised policing strategies under scrutiny, especially in poor, predominantly Black communities that say they are treated as enemy territory.

“They want to end violence in the favela, but who robs more?” asked resident Adailton. “They rob more than we, the poor. They even want to cancel our 13th salary, but instead of filtering their own thefts, they come to oppress us.”

So far, authorities have not released an official death toll or detailed account of the operation.

The MSS, led by Kenya , had aimed to deploy 2,500 officers but only managed to send 970, most of them Kenyan. Its planned first-year budget of 800 million US dollars barely reached 115 million. The new force promises a broader scope — 5,500 members, including both police and soldiers — and will be coordinated directly by the UN through a technical office tasked with logistics, resource mobilisation, and operations for 12 months. Unlike its predecessor, the GSF will be able to conduct independent operations, including the arrest of gang leaders.

The announcement has been met with cautious optimism across the region. Kenya hailed it as “a positive step forward,” while the Dominican Republic called it “a decisive move toward regional stability.” The Organisation of American States described the resolution as “vital for restoring peace and security.” Within Haiti, transitional president Laurent Saint-Cyr welcomed the measure as a long-awaited response to the country’s desperate security situation. But human rights groups remain sceptical. Pierre Esperance, head of Haiti’s National Network for the Defence of Human Rights, told France 24 that local authorities have “done nothing to fight the gangs” and that many Haitians view the mission as their last hope after years of terror.

Concerns also linger over potential civilian harm. During the previous mission, drone strikes intended to target gang leaders killed at least eight children in September and a total of 30 civilians since March. The UN estimates that up to half of gang members are minors, raising fears that intensified operations could worsen the humanitarian toll. “Human rights activists will be watching closely,” Esperance warned, calling for transparent rules of engagement and accountability mechanisms within the new force.

The mission’s launch comes amid a deep political crisis. Since the assassination of President Jovenel Moïse in 2021, Haiti has been governed by a transitional presidential council that has failed to organise elections or restore basic governance. Over 3,000 people have been killed in gang-related violence this year alone, and 1.3 million have been displaced. With more than 5.7 million Haitians facing food insecurity, analysts say that without a parallel political and economic plan, even a UN-backed military force will struggle to bring lasting stability. “Deployment alone will not be enough,” says Romain Le Cour Grandmaison of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organised Crime. “The next few months will determine Haiti’s future.”

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has welcomed the UN Security Council resolution authorising the deployment of a multinational force to combat gang violence in Haiti. In a statement issued on October 1, 2025, Rubio said Washington will work closely with members of the Permanent Group of Partners to ensure the rapid deployment of the Gang Repression Force.

Haiti’s Central Plateau remains paralysed after gang takeover

Six months after armed gangs seized control of Mirebalais, Saut-d'Eau, and other areas of Haiti’s lower Central Plateau, the region remains paralysed. Once an economic and cultural hub, the area is now marked by economic stagnation, closed schools, disrupted public services, and widespread insecurity. Thousands of families continue to face uncertainty as the violence shows no sign of abating.

Haiti’s transitional authorities face criticism over inaction amid crisis

Haiti’s Prime Minister Alix Didier Fils-Aimé and the Transitional Presidential Council, led by Laurent Saint-Cyr, are under growing criticism for maintaining what observers describe as a status quo marked by inaction. Despite a report by the Anti-Corruption Unit (ULCC) implicating Sports Minister Niola Lynn Sarah Dévalis Octavius, no sanctions have been imposed, raising concerns over entrenched impunity. Meanwhile, ordinary Haitians face escalating gang violence, soaring inflation, and collapsing public services. Education, healthcare, electricity, and security have all deteriorated, while the government is accused of offering diplomatic assurances in place of concrete measures.

EU welcomes adoption of UN resolution to support Haiti’s security

The European Union has welcomed the recent adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 2793 , praising the leadership of the United States and Panama in securing its passage and commending Kenya’s commitment to head the Multinational Security Support Mission. According to a statement published on its official website, the EU described the international coalition as a demonstration of the global community’s determination to address Haiti’s protracted security crisis. The resolution authorises the deployment of a strengthened international force with an expanded mandate to combat armed gangs, restore public order, and protect civilians.

UN approves creation of Gang Repression Force in Haiti

The United Nations Security Council, on September 30, adopted a resolution proposed by the United States and Panama, with Haiti’s support, to establish a Gang Repression Force (FRG). The decision, taken under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, comes after the Multinational Security Support Mission (MMAS), deployed under Kenyan leadership in June 2024, failed to halt the spread of armed groups. The resolution authorises the transition from MMAS to the FRG for an initial 12-month period, working in coordination with the Haitian government.

President Bernardo Arévalo has begun implementing Guatemala’s Departmental Governments mechanism as part of his A Tu Tierra working tour, with the latest stop in Petén. The initiative aims to decentralise governance by empowering governors to coordinate executive offices and municipal governments, creating localised networks to deliver services more effectively. Arévalo said the model will prioritise territorial needs through strategic agendas focused on social and productive development. The programme seeks to extend state presence beyond central departments and strengthen collaboration between national institutions and local authorities. By 2025, the government plans to establish departmental governments in seven regions, including Chiquimula, San Marcos, Retalhuleu and Alta Verapaz, in a bid to bring decision-making closer to remote communities.

Guatemala Congress advances bill to classify gangs as terrorists

Guatemala’s Congress has advanced Bill 5692, which would declare gang members terrorists , moving it to a second reading with final approval expected in a future session. The initiative proposes reforms to the Penal Code and the Law Against Organized Crime to treat all crimes committed by maras as high-risk offences. It would double penalties for gang-related crimes and impose three to 10 years in prison for threats made by gang members. Lawmakers say the reforms aim to strengthen the state’s ability to combat organised crime by mandating resources for enforcement. 

Arévalo accuses Congress of blocking executive’s work

President Bernardo Arévalo has criticised Guatemala’s Congress for what he called an unprecedented campaign of obstruction against his government. He said lawmakers have abused their oversight role, citing more than 260 citations this year directed at the Ministry of Communications alone, with 11 of 14 ministers facing interpellation requests. Arévalo argued that such pressure amounts to harassment rather than accountability, warning it prevents ministries from functioning. He also condemned attempts by legislators to intimidate officials, including an incident involving Communications Minister Miguel Ángel Díaz. Political analyst Renzo Rosal backed Arévalo’s concerns, saying congressional tactics have undermined the separation of powers and created the appearance of Congress overriding the Executive.

Guatemala moves toward maximum-security prison for gangs

Guatemala’s Congress is advancing plans to build a maximum-security prison for gang members as part of a wider security reform. Lawmakers are revisiting Initiative 5692, first introduced in 2020, which sought to label gangs as terrorist groups. A technical committee met this week to draft a proposal that could amend at least ten laws covering security and justice within six weeks. The plan will combine repression with prevention, focusing on child recruitment and victim protection. Proposals include tougher penalties for extortion, money laundering and criminal association, alongside greater powers for prosecutors and police. Officials argue isolating gang leaders is key, as more than 7,000 extortion cases are reported annually.

Arévalo backs Petén communities in forest protection pacts

President Bernardo Arévalo, on his A Tu Tierra tour in Petén, oversaw the signing of cooperation agreements between the National Council of Protected Areas (CONAP) and four local settlements to safeguard the Great Mayan Forest. The communities of Corral Pek, San Agustín and El Pato in Poptún, along with Nacimiento Nuevo Paraíso La Rejoya in Melchor de Mencos, committed to sustainable development practices that balance livelihoods with conservation. Arévalo highlighted the long-standing role of communities as stewards of natural resources, noting the forest “repays” with water, oxygen and opportunities for agriculture and tourism. He stressed that ensuring harmony between people and environment requires coordination across state institutions and local actors alike.

The Kenyan leader emphasised that the greatest obstacles to the Multinational Security Support Mission (MSS) were not the gangs themselves, but the logistical shortcomings that hampered operations.

“The biggest challenge and impediment was logistics, transport, support,” he said. “If that remains unpredictable, I'm afraid the next mission may suffer the same as MSS, and therefore it is very important that, as we create that transition, we make sure that resources, resourcing the new mission becomes at the heart of the transition.”

Ruto credited the United States with trying to fill some of those gaps. But he also underlined how inadequate resources placed personnel at risk, pointing to the consequences of being supplied with unreliable equipment.

“They did make available logistics, vehicles, but unfortunately, most of the vehicles were secondhand vehicles, and therefore they broke down a lot, many times, and in fact, it put our personnel in great danger when they broke down in very dangerous places,” he said. “But at least they stepped up. We didn't, however, get any useful support from any other quarter.”

Turning to the Haitian gangs themselves, Ruto downplayed their strength, insisting they retreat quickly when challenged. He suggested that their tactics showed vulnerability rather than strength.

“The gangs, in my very honest opinion, are cowards,” he said. “With very minimal intervention, they have literally gone into hiding, occasionally showing up. Some guerrilla warfare of some sort."

The president also defended the performance of the MSS.

“The achievements of the MSS are too often understated,” he said. “When the first contingent arrived in Port au Prince few could have imagined that a Boeing 787 one day, would land at the local airport without a risk of being brought down.”

Ruto also reiterated his message: that the international community had the means to turn the tide in Haiti, provided it acted with urgency and provided adequate support.

“Therefore, I thought I would use this meeting moving to the attention of the international community that the situation in Haiti can and must be solved.”

Viv Ansanm, led by gang leader Jimmy Chérizier, and Gran Grif, led by Luckson Elan, have been central to a wave of violence that has destabilised much of Haiti’s capital, Port-au-Prince. The latest update to the UN Sanctions List 2653 , which now includes seven individuals and two entities.  

“These sanctions close the door to all possibilities of negotiations with these thugs. They must be eliminated. This is my conviction,” said Haitian political figure Michel André.

The U.S. Department of State previously warned that any individuals or organisations providing material support to these gangs could face criminal prosecution and possible expulsion or entry bans. It also emphasised that all assets and interests of the designated entities within U.S. jurisdiction would be blocked.

“Terrorist designations expose and isolate entities and individuals, denying them access to the American financial system and the resources they need to carry out attacks,” the U.S. State Department said in a statement following the initial designation.

The UN action follows alarming findings from its Expert Group on Haiti, presented in a Security Council meeting on June 5, 2025.

“The capital city was for all intents and purposes, paralysed by gangs and isolated due to the ongoing suspension of international commercial flights into the international airport,” Jenča said. He added that armed groups now influence all communes in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area and beyond, further entrenching their power.

According to the UN Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH), more than 4,000 deliberate killings have been recorded since January 2025, underscoring the severity of the crisis. “Without increased action by the international community, the complete collapse of state presence in the capital could become a very real scenario,” Jenča cautioned, urging the Organisation of American States to adopt a resolution on Haiti and support CARICOM’s efforts to restore the rule of law . “We must not fail Haiti at this critical moment,” he stressed.

In response to the deteriorating situation, Kenya led the UN-backed Multinational Security Support mission, having deployed its first contingent in June 2024. However, Kenya’s delegate reported that as of June 25, deployments had reached 991 personnel, yet still well below the 2,500 planned, the Kenyan Times reports.

Ghada Fathi Waly, Executive Director of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime , noted concerns, warning that an estimated 90% of Port-au-Prince is now under criminal control. “As gang control expands, the state’s capacity to govern is rapidly shrinking, with social, economic, and security implications,” Waly said during a briefing from Vienna.

She explained that armed groups have started creating parallel governance structures and offering basic services. “This erosion of state legitimacy has cascading effects, with legal commerce becoming paralysed as gangs control major trade routes, worsening existing food insecurity and humanitarian crises,” Waly said. She also noted that rising demand for guns and military-grade weapons is fuelling illicit arms markets and increasing the risk of legal weapons being diverted to criminal elements.

Investigations have been repeatedly derailed by gang violence, death threats to judges, and the resignation of court officials fearing for their lives. To date, not one of the 20 suspects imprisoned in Haiti has faced trial, despite charges being filed.

Several key suspects, including former National Palace security chief Dimitri Hérard, escaped in a mass prison break last year after gangs stormed Haiti’s main jails. Court proceedings now take place in private residences under armed guard, after the capital’s courthouse was seized by criminal groups controlling over 85% of Port-au-Prince, according to the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) .

The case implicates 51 suspects, including 17 former Colombian soldiers, three Haitian officials, and figures linked to a Miami-based security firm. Some detainees maintain they were contracted for infrastructure security and had no role in the murder.

Allegations of torture, forced confessions, and denial of legal rights have been raised by defence lawyers. One Colombian, Jheyner Alberto Carmona Flores, testified that he suffered “psychological and physical torture,” claiming he had no knowledge of Moïse’s whereabouts during the attack.

Despite chaos in Haiti, the United States has prosecuted 11 individuals connected to the plot, with five pleading guilty. Court documents from the U.S. Department of Justice allege that the original plan was to detain Moïse, but it shifted to assassination after logistical failures. The U.S. trial is set for March 2026.

The revived Haitian probe, now overseen by six judges including Claude Jean and Phemond Damicy, is seen as a critical step toward accountability, though many remain sceptical.

“The local investigation has exposed the systemic collapse of justice in Haiti,” said Bruner Ulysse, a Haitian lawyer and historian. “International efforts may help, but true justice still feels out of reach.”

The case has significant global implications, as it reveals the fragility of governance in Haiti, a nation already overwhelmed by criminal networks and political vacuums.

Justice Minister Constant Mutamba announced that more than 300 gang members had been convicted, with 127 sentenced to death.

This comes after the government lifted a 20-year ban on executions last year, arguing that it was necessary to address growing security issues.

Religious leaders have strongly opposed the move, saying it goes against the sanctity of life, local reports say.

While some churches including representatives from the Catholic Church and some Islamic leaders have opposed the decision, calling for rehabilitation and respect for the constitution, some other churches and religious groups support the action, calling for swift action by the government to protect the nation.

Justice Minister Mutamba dismissed the criticism, calling it a “fruitless debate” and saying national security is the government’s priority.

Human rights groups, including Amnesty International, have raised concerns about potential mass executions.

Meanwhile, over 170 prisoners sentenced to death have been moved to a high-security prison, sparking fears that executions could begin soon.

This controversy stems from one of the most harrowing issues in modern Britain, a long-running series of child exploitation cases that first came to attention in 2011. 

The troops were welcomed at the airport by high-ranking officials, including Haiti’s Transitional Presidential Council leader Leslie Voltaire and Prime Minister Alix Didier Fils-Aimé.

Godfrey Otunge, who commands the Kenyan troops in the MSS, also welcomed the new arrivals. “We don’t take it for granted. We have a prime minister who is also our friend,” he was quoted as saying .

As part of the United Nations- and United States-backed effort to help Haiti’s police restore order, the troops will work with the Multinational Security Support (MSS) mission.

Normil Rameau, the acting head of Haiti’s National Police, said the support of the people is crucial.

“A marriage of the police with the people of Haiti remains the most effective way to restore security and lasting peace,” he was quoted as saying .

Haiti has struggled with rising gang violence since President Jovenel Moïse was killed in 2021. The country also faces natural disasters and a hunger crisis.

The UN approved the MSS mission in 2023 after Haiti repeatedly asked for international help. The mission includes police officers from Kenya, but their deployment faced delays. When they arrived last year, many did not get paid for months.

Despite these efforts, gang violence continues in the country. In November, flights to Haiti were grounded after bullets hit planes flying over Port-au-Prince and in October, gangs attacked US Embassy vehicles, leading to the evacuation of 20 embassy staff.

On October 28, 2024, El Salvador's government deployed an extensive force of over 2,000 soldiers and 500 police officers to the San Marcos neighbourhood to eradicate the remaining gang presence. President Nayib Bukele announced the establishment of a security fence designed to capture gang members hiding in the area. This operation is a continuation of previous efforts to dismantle the Barrio 18 gang, which were launched in response to a significant spike in violence observed in March 2022. Although these measures have resulted in lower homicide rates and numerous arrests, they have attracted considerable criticism from human rights organisations regarding potential violations and arbitrary detentions. Despite proclaiming victory over gangs, Bukele has extended the state of emergency for more than two years, asserting that further efforts are crucial.

El Salvador sanctions military deployment to Haiti

El Salvador's government sanctioned the deployment of military personnel to Haiti to aid in medical evacuation operations within the Kenya-led Multinational Security Support Mission. This decision received overwhelming support, with 57 out of 60 congressional votes in favour, allowing the Salvadoran Armed Forces to operate under the United Nations' "blue helmet" framework. This deployment is the result of a collaborative agreement between El Salvador and Haiti facilitated by the Organization of American States, aimed at ensuring the legal rights of all parties involved. The Salvadoran forces will bring valuable experience from previous UN missions to this critical operation.

China-El Salvador holds inaugural joint trade and economic committee meeting

China and El Salvador convened their inaugural joint trade and economic committee meeting in San Salvador, with a focus on fostering negotiations for a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA). China's Vice Minister of Commerce, Wang Shouwen, reaffirmed China’s commitment to swiftly progressing FTA discussions, as well as encouraging cooperation in infrastructure and investment sectors. El Salvador's Economy Minister, María Luisa Hayem, highlighted the importance of bolstering economic ties, improving market access for Salvadoran agricultural products, and attracting Chinese investment across diverse industries. The committee aims to strengthen practical collaboration, leveraging successful FTAs established by neighbouring countries such as Honduras and Nicaragua. The ongoing FTA negotiations, which commenced in April, are making strides towards concrete areas of collaboration and frameworks.

El Salvador aims at first nuclear facility after passing new energy law

El Salvador's Legislative Assembly passed a "Nuclear Energy Law" aimed at regulating the construction and operational management of nuclear facilities. This law, primarily supported by President Nayib Bukele's party, is designed to oversee the lifecycle of nuclear fuel for peaceful energy use. However, opposition members have raised concerns regarding the potential safety and environmental risks associated with nuclear energy. The government aims to have its inaugural research nuclear reactor operational within seven years, with plans to train approximately 400 individuals to work in this sector. While currently, 83% of El Salvador’s electricity is sourced from renewable energy, this new law indicates a strategic shift towards diversifying the national energy portfolio to include nuclear power.

El Salvador receives agricultural support from Central American bank

The Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI) has approved a substantial grant of $725,000 earmarked for enhancing the agricultural product supply chain within El Salvador. This funding initiative , orchestrated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, will facilitate the acquisition of around 30 vehicles to improve the transport of products from farms to markets, thereby enhancing operational efficiency and minimising post-harvest losses. This project aims to provide Salvadoran families with improved access to fresh, high-quality agricultural produce at reasonable prices.

Witnesses, speaking under anonymity for security reasons, recounted harrowing details of the incident. One witness described how armed assailants, purportedly disguised military personnel, targeted a specific individual known as "Negro." The attack escalated when the victim attempted to barricade himself inside his home, only for the attackers to forcibly enter and fatally shoot him.

Another witness recalled the chaotic scene, stating, "They were shouting... and then they said, 'massacre, massacre!'" This has raised fears among residents, particularly as they learned of the identities of the victims, including individuals known as "Papelito," "El Negro," and "Miguelito."

The Ecuadorian government has reported a decline in overall homicide rates, from 6,037 deaths in the first ten months of 2023 to 4,959 in the same period this year. However, violent crime remains a critical issue, with the homicide rate skyrocketing from 6 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2018 to 47 in 2023.

Authorities attribute most killings to territorial disputes among drug trafficking gangs.

Many Salvadorans have backed the government’s tough measures, hoping for an end to the violence that has plagued the country for years. Gangs in El Salvador have long controlled territories, engaged in extortion, and committed violent crimes, leaving entire communities under their influence.

However, reports from human rights organisations indicate that the crackdown has resulted in overcrowded and unsanitary prison conditions, with many detainees denied basic amenities. Critics argue that the campaign has led to arbitrary arrests, with innocent individuals swept up in the government's "war" against gangsters.

One such case is that of Yessica Mercedes, a 43-year-old seamstress whose family has been deeply affected by both gang violence and the government’s response.

Mercedes shared her story, revealing that one of her brothers was killed by gang members, while another was jailed during the government’s crackdown.

“I have a brother who died. I have funeral receipts that say he died because of the same criminal groups that lived there. He lost his life after being beaten until he was in a coma,” Mercedes told AFP.

She stressed that neither of her brothers was involved with gangs, saying her family had been caught between gang violence and the government’s aggressive anti-gang campaign. “I am not defending, or against, the government. What I want is for them to hand over my innocent brother. That's what I want: to be able to take care of him, give him his medication, have him in my home, take care of him myself. I don't want to take him out of prison in a coffin,” she added.

Antonio Zavala, a businessman who served a 13-month prison sentence for "aggravated fraud," echoed concerns about prison conditions. He disclosed to AFP, “Extortion no longer comes from the gangs (‘pandillas’), but from the government."

The government has detained over 85,000 adults and more than 3,000 minors aged 12 to 17 in its effort to combat gang violence. However, human rights groups estimate that a significant portion of those detained may be innocent. “Based on the numbers, we estimate that at least 30% of those on trial are innocent,” said Ingrid Escobar, director of Salvadoran NGO Socorro Juridico Humanitario.

In a 2023 BBC report , El Salvador's vice-president Felix Ulloa acknowledged that thousands of those arrested were likely not involved in gang-related crimes. Despite this, he defended the security measures, arguing that the crackdown has brought a level of peace that the country has not seen in years. "It's not perfect, but it's good. We've done something really good here," Ulloa told BBC.

Head of the MSS Mission, Godfrey Otunge praised the arrival of the CARICOM Advanced Team, highlighting their role in strengthening the mission’s operations. 

"Since we started the targeted operations, we have recorded successes that must go unnoticed. I'm happy that the CARICOM Advanced Team, that the Belize and Jamaica, who are now here, and we are going to have more security operations because they are coming with special strength. I'm happy MSS is now a fully multinational functional mission," Otunge is quoted in a video by the AFP. 

He reassured the Haitian community of the mission’s commitment, emphasizing that "failure is not an option" and reaffirming the goal of restoring stability and democracy to Haiti. 

"I can tell the Haitian community and the Haitian people , as I said earlier, we are not going to fail you. There is nothing like failure in this mission. The mission we must ensure that Haiti regains its glory," he added.

“They killed my son, we don’t know why,” said a grieving relative at the crime scene. "We are tired of so much crime, so much death," she shared with the AFP.

In response to the escalating violence, Duran has been militarized. A member of the Air Force, leading the operation, assured citizens, "Yes, the Canton of Duran is militarized. We invite the citizens to trust their armed forces, that we are patriotic people here, willing to pacify the canton."

This military action is part of Noboa's broader "war" against drug-related violence, with a warning to gangs in July that their "hours are numbered." The Air Force’s efforts include operations to control arms, ammunition, and explosives, aiming to bring peace and stability to the region.

What they said

“We are counting on your support”, said the Haitian Police official Joachim Prohete , seeking reassurance from the Kenyan police team about arrangements for the deployment. Kenya’s IGP reiterated the country’s commitment to supporting Haiti tackle gang violence that has plagued the country in recent times. “NPS remains committed to collaboration in the mission, for the good of the people of Haiti, especially women and children,” Japhet Koome said .

Panama showcased its maritime sector at the Posidonia 2024 exhibition, with a focus on investment opportunities and the Panama Canal's reliability. The delegation highlighted Panama's competitive advantages and diverse services in the maritime and logistics industry. The Panama Pavilion was inaugurated and attended by international maritime leaders. The aim was to promote Panama's commitment to the maritime sector and its collaboration with the Greek fleet. Additionally, a Ship Repair CEO, Mr. Lino Arosemena stated the importance of engaging with Greek clients amid a difficult year for Panama. The Director of International Promotion at PROPANAMA, Mr. Allan Ritter also expressed support for Panama's maritime industry at Posidonia, Hellenic Shipping News .

First climate change displacement

Panama's Cartí Sugdupu Island, home to 1,200 indigenous people, is being gradually abandoned due to the threat of rising sea levels from climate change. The Panamanian government is relocating the islanders to the mainland, providing them with new houses and basic amenities. The movement marks the first displacement in Panama caused by climate change and the move is described as a "brutal change" by residents who feel sadness over leaving behind their island and part of their culture, reports The Tico Times .

Rising sea levels

The Panama Canal Authority issued a notice to shipping lines last week, announcing a change in the maximum authorized draught, which will now be 13.71 meters (45 feet). This change was originally scheduled to take effect on June 15 but has been implemented earlier due to the expected onset of the rainy season in the Panama Canal Watershed and the current and projected levels of Gatun Lake. The water levels of Gatun and Alajuela lakes have risen above those recorded on the same date in 2023, for the first time in 2024, due to the onset of the rainy season. Under typical water level conditions, the Panama Canal has a capacity for 34 to 38 daily transits, but last year Panama experienced one of its driest years, forcing the Canal Authority to limit transits in 2023 and into early 2024, due to low water levels, according to Riviera .

Ecuadorian gang leader deported

Ecuadorian gang leader "Negro Tulio", was captured and deported from Panama to face numerous terrorism charges in Ecuador, including attacks and assassination attempts. His wife, Alexandra Germania E has also been arrested for her alleged involvement in criminal activities. The capture demonstrates Ecuador's ongoing struggle against gang violence and the ability of criminal organisations to operate from foreign countries. President Daniel Noboa has declared a state of emergency and classified gangs as terrorist organisations. Security reforms were passed to grant the president more power to combat criminal gangs. According to Atlas News , the leader of Los Choneros, Jose "Fito" Macias, remains at large, fueling ongoing violence within the country.

Cooperation with Belize

Belize and Panama have launched a Joint Cooperation Commission to strengthen their bilateral ties. The commission's first meeting highlighted the importance of enhancing friendship and cooperation, with a focus on projects related to tourism, special education, language exchange, environmental protection, and disability inclusion. The session was held at Padre Guardia Jaén Hall in the Bolívar Palace, Panama City as reported by Great Belize Television .

Despite fierce debate in parliament over the safety of Kenyan troops in Haiti and opposition by some ministries, human rights activists, and sections of the public, police officers began training in late 2023, the New York Times reports.

After months of training, the Kenyan police officers have been called back from leave this week ahead of their deployment expected to happen by the close of May.

Meanwhile, the United States of America (U.S.) military has set up barracks in Haiti which will serve as the operation grounds for deployed police officers from Kenya. The base will be set up in Haiti’s capital city Port-au-Prince.

A total of 1,000 Kenyan police officers are expected to be deployed as part of the 2,500 members making up the international mission. The Kenyan contingent consists of 1,000 officers drawn from National Police Service units: the paramilitary General Service Unit, Rapid Deployment Unit, Anti-Stock Theft Unit, and Border Police Unit.

The other 1,500 will comprise personnel from half a dozen nations that have pledged to support the mission.

Kenyan President, William Ruto is also expected to be hosted by U.S. President Joe Biden on May 23 during an official state visit to discuss a range of issues including the recent flooding and debt.

Jose Raul Mulino, the stand-in for former President Ricardo Martinelli, won Panama's presidential election with nearly 35% of the votes, Aljazeera reported. He replaced Martinelli as a candidate after Martinelli was banned from running due to a money laundering conviction. The election had a historic turnout and Mulino's victory was attributed to his ties with Martinelli. However, he faces obstacles in regularizing canal transit and reducing migration.

STEM training

SEforALL has partnered with the Government of Panama to launch a STEM traineeship programme, which will provide training to three recent university graduates in solar PV electrification. SEforALL explained the trainees will support the National Secretariat of Energy of Panama in overseeing solar installations through the Operación Solar project, which aims to bring PV systems to over 600 families, 10 schools, and 5 communities across Panama. The trainees expressed their excitement and aspirations for the programme, highlighting the opportunity to gain valuable hands-on experience and contribute to Panama's efforts in diversifying its energy sources and addressing climate change.

President-elect promises to boost economy

Panama's President-elect Jose Raul Mulino won Sunday's general election despite parachuting into the race late to replace his former boss, Ricardo Martinelli. He is seen as gruff and less charismatic than Martinelli but can channel Martinelli's popularity to win. Mulino promised to boost the economy, put more money in the pockets of ordinary Panamanians, and work closely with the private sector, reports US News . He also emphasized his vision for Panama and his past involvement in the civil crusade to end the rule of former dictator Manuel Antonio Noriega.

Gang violence and corruption

Panama's new President-elect Jose Mulino faces challenges with drug trafficking, white-collar crime, and human smuggling. Insight Crime indicates gangs and prisons pose a security threat while the country's low violence levels are seen as a business strategy by criminal groups. Mulino's relationship with former president Martinelli raises concerns about the country's fight against corruption. Record numbers of migrants crossing the Panama-Colombia border also present a challenge for the new administration.

Houthis damage Panama oil tanker

Yemen's Houthi rebels fired ballistic missiles, causing "minor damage" to a Panama-flagged oil tanker in the Red Sea. The attack comes after a lull in their campaign and follows an uptick in assaults in recent days. The rebels have launched more than 50 attacks on shipping since November, but attacks have dropped due to a U.S.-led airstrike campaign, ABC News indicates. However, there have been at least two other attacks claimed by the Houthis since Wednesday. The rebels have said they will continue their attacks until Israel ends its war in Gaza. Most of the ships targeted have had little or no direct connection to the conflict.

What they said

"The political and economic mafia forces have decided to take control of the presidential council and the government so that they can continue to control the state," the Montana Accord was quoted in a statement by the VOA News .

Haitians have urged the Transitional Presidential Council to prioritise security and restore stability following the selection of Edgard Gardy Leblanc Fils as president and Fritz Bélizaire as prime minister. The council's slow progress has been criticised, and calls have been made for urgent action to address the country's crisis. Despite concerns, there is hope that the council's recent meeting with the police and army signals a commitment to restoring national security. Haitian Times explained that expectations are high for the council to address the ongoing security and social violence issues swiftly and effectively.

New Prime Minister

The appointment of Haiti's new prime minister appears to have divided the transitional council. Four of seven members choose Fritz Bélizaire, causing unexpected political alliance and surprise among Haitians. The Montana Accord, a civil society group represented by a council member with voting powers, described the election as a "complot" hatched by four council members against the Haitian people "in the middle of the night," Daily Journal reported.

Haiti's new president

The Haitian Transitional Council has selected a new president and interim prime minister amid ongoing gang violence, international media Reuters reports. The nation's capital has been rocked by attacks, leading to a mass exodus of people. The situation remains unstable as the transitional council takes on the task of leading Haiti through the crisis.

Limited healthcare access

The World Health Organization (WHO) is concerned about the limited access to healthcare facilities in Haiti due to ongoing violence. Only three hospitals are operational in Port-au-Prince, and gangs have brought the health system to the brink of collapse. Patients participating in TB and HIV/AIDS programs are unable to attend hospitals due to gang violence, Media agency TeleSur explains. The chaos in Port-au-Prince also affects vaccination campaigns, epidemic control, and chronic disease prevention efforts. The international community is being urged to increase support and financial resources to provide vital services and essential supplies.

Colombian weapons in Haiti

Stolen Colombian weapons and ammunition may have ended up in the hands of armed gangs in Haiti, according to President Gustavo Petro. The missing supplies include explosives, hand grenades, and anti-tank missiles. The discovery came amid reports of foreign smugglers supplying weapons to gangs in Haiti. President Petro described the theft as a scandalous corruption involving officials in charge of protecting the state. Miami Herald indicated that the government is taking action to separate members of the public force from any criminal association.

Intense violence in Port-au-Prince has led to over 33,000 Haitians fleeing the city in the last two weeks. Gangs attacked police bases, causing over 2,500 deaths this year. The violence has also closed air and seaports, leading to food insecurity, reports Gzero media . However, a transitional council is making progress in setting up a new government, which could help address the crisis. The World Food Programme now says Haiti faces a record level of food insecurity.

Gang clashes

Haiti is on the brink of collapse as ongoing gang clashes and food shortages worsen. Charred bodies are piling up in the streets, indicating a shift in tensions between police and gangs. Laurent Uwumuremyi, head of aid group Mercy Corps’ Haiti claimed that the country is now run "90% by gangs" and that even in areas like Petion-Ville, a neighbourhood that is considered safe, the population has been barricaded indoors , reports news agency Daily Star . The country is also without a government after the former Prime Minister resigned, further complicating the situation

France evacuates nationals

France is organizing government-chartered flights from Haiti to help its nationals leave the country due to gang violence. About 1,500 French nationals are registered with the French embassy in Haiti. Evacuation flights are being organized with the defence ministry to enable the most vulnerable nationals to leave. Reuters reports that the flights are set to begin on March 31 and those wanting to leave should contact the embassy in Port-au-Prince. Street battles in the city prompted the resignation of the prime minister earlier this month.

Food insecurity

Gunfire erupted in Haiti's capital as residents awaited progress in forming a transitional government. Armed criminals attacked security forces, adding to the chaos and violence already plaguing the country. The establishment of a transitional government has been delayed, leading to a worsening humanitarian crisis, reports media agency Le Monde . The UN has reported that half of the population is facing acute food insecurity. The country has been rocked by gang violence and a state of emergency has been declared. Many foreigners, including Americans, have been evacuated as the situation continues to deteriorate.

Vigilantes fight gangs

Vigilantes in Haiti are fighting off gang attacks in the capital, Port-au-Prince. Bodies are a common sight in the city, and the situation is so dangerous that even the main road to the international airport is now seldom used. The city is split into barricaded neighbourhoods, with one community of 10,000 protected by armed vigilantes and off-duty police officers. Sky News reported that these vigilantes are determined to hold off the gangs and protect their neighbourhood, saying they are fighting tooth and nail day and night for the freedom of their community and their country.    

What they said:

During a press briefing at the UN headquarters in New York on March 6, UN spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric said the UN Security Council was concerned the MSS hadn’t begun even as violence escalated in Haiti. He noted that the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Haiti, Maria Isabel Salvador is working on promoting dialogue among stakeholders and leaders to tackle the crisis. Ms Salvador remains in close contact with the PM, the government and other stakeholders from across the political spectrum to encourage a peaceful and constructive inter-Haitian dialogue to promote a nationally-owned political solution to this crisis,” Stéphane Dujarric said. “We have not yet received an official notification, in line with Security Council resolution 2699. However – as you have seen, as this was public - President Ruto of Kenya has publicly expressed that his country is ready to deploy police officers to Haiti in the context of the Multinational [Security] Support mission,” he further noted.

Intense weapon fires were reported in the vicinity of Toussaint Louverture International Airport on the evening of March 5, causing anxiety among residents in nearby neighbourhoods. The gunfire was part of a series of incidents involving armed groups attempting to seize control of airport facilities. This violence, aimed at various public institutions, including the Guy Malary terminal, is believed to be part of a series of activities to prevent the return of Prime Minister Ariel Henry to Haiti, reports media agency Alter Presse . Henry's attempts to return from travels abroad have so far been unsuccessful.

4,733 prisoners on the run

According to the Office for Citizen Protection (OPC), a total of 4,733 prisoners fled from the prison during attacks by armed gangs on March 2, 3, and 4. The OPC expressed alarm over the escalating insecurity, particularly in Port-au-Prince, reports local media Le National . The OPC criticized the authorities' indifference towards the incidents and lamented the lack of security reinforcement near the detention centres amid the crisis. The OPC highlighted the threat posed by escapees to judicial officials and called for measures to protect the remaining prisoners.

UN response

In response to the escalating security crisis in Port-au-Prince, UN Secretary-General António Guterres has called for urgent action in Haiti and financial support for the Multinational Security Support Mission (Mmas). He also urged the de facto government and political factions to agree on measures for democratic restoration through elections. Guterres reiterates the need for international support to combat gang violence, reports media agency Alter Presse .

US will not deploy soldiers

John Kirby, White House National Security Communications Advisor, informed reporters that high-level U.S. government officials maintained close contact with Haitian government officials and international partners over the weekend to stabilize the situation and pursue a lasting political solution. Following 72 hours of diplomatic engagement, the Biden administration will not deploy American troops in Haiti to support the Haitian National Police's security operations, local media Haiti Libre reported. Instead, they are mobilizing urgent support for Haiti. The United States will also not provide a military plane to accompany the Prime Minister and his delegation to Haiti, who have been stranded in the USA since March 2 due to the temporary suspension of commercial flights to Haiti.

Civil war threat

Gang leader Jimmy Chérizier, also known as Barbecue, issued a threat of a potential civil war if contested Prime Minister Ariel Henry remained in power amidst Haiti's escalating violence. Chérizier, who leads an alliance of armed gangs called "the G9 family" and its allies, warned of dire consequences if Henry did not resign and if the international community continued to support him, reports local media Haiti Loop . The gangs, controlling important parts of Haiti and the capital, intensified attacks against infrastructure and strategic sites during Henry's trip abroad. Chérizier, a former police officer sanctioned by the UN, said Haiti would either become a paradise or a hell for all its inhabitants.

What they said:

On Tuesday, President Daniel Noboa acknowledged the existence of an internal armed conflict and, through a revised decree, designated 22 gangs as terrorist groups to be pursued by the military. “I have signed the executive decree declaring an Internal Armed Conflict and identified the following transnational organised crime groups as terrorist organisations and belligerent non-state actors: Águilas, ÁguilasKiller, Ak47, Caballeros Oscuros, ChoneKiller, Choneros, Covicheros, Cuartel de las Feas, Cubanos, Fatales, Gánster, Kater Piler, Lagartos, Latin Kings, Lobos, Los p.27, Los Tiburones, Mafia 18, Mafia Trébol, Patrones, R7, Tiguerones. I have ordered the armed forces to carry out military operations to neutralise these groups,” he said on X.  

Admiral Jaime Vela, head of the joint command of the armed forces, responded to Noboa's decree through an official statement, also published on X . "Mr. President of the Republic, Daniel Noboa, through the executive decree number 111, has given us a very clear mission. From this moment on, every terrorist group identified in the mentioned decree has become a military target. The present and future of our country are at stake. No act of terror will make us give in. We will not back down or negotiate [...] Ecuadorian people, this struggle will succeed with the support of each and every one of you [...] Rest assured that the armed forces and the national police will fulfill our oath to defend you with our lives if necessary."