The response was uniform: "No vacant bed available". By 12:50 am GMT, Charles Amissah was dead —not for lack of medical expertise or a responding ambulance, but for lack of a piece of furniture.

His tragic death has reignited fury over Ghana’s "no bed syndrome," a systemic failure where emergency care is routinely denied based on physical space. 

However, a look into healthcare systems across sub-Saharan Africa reveals that Amissah’s death is not an isolated incident; it is a symptom of a continental crisis where hospital beds have become a tool of lethal exclusion.

The Ghana context

In Ghana, the "no bed syndrome" is a chronic ailment. In 2024, the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), the nation’s largest medical facility, had to suspend referrals to its Surgical Medical Emergency unit because it was housing 60 patients in a 36-bed unit. Photos on social media captured the dehumanising reality: patients receiving treatment in plastic chairs, wheelchairs, and on the bare floor.

The Ministry of Health, on February 18, announced that it had constituted a three-member committee to probe Amissah’s death , examining decision-making processes and contributing factors. Yet, local experts argue the problem is structural. Beyond the physical shortage, the system suffers from abandoned facilities, a lack of medicines, and a severe brain drain as medical professionals flee for better opportunities abroad. 

Despite a national health insurance scheme, the cost of emergency care remains prohibitively high for many, and the referral chain is often broken by a lack of coordinated communication between ambulances and receiving wards.

The Nigerian mirror

Nigeria faces a nearly identical "no bed" crisis, often overshadowed by the "Japa syndrome"—the mass exodus of healthcare workers. The story of Ifelola Abiona last year, a 42-year-old mother of two, mirrors that of Charles Amissah. 

Despite doctors being physically present and ready to operate at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), she was left to "languish" and eventually die because no bed could be found. Her husband recounted a harrowing ordeal of being referred between facilities, paying nearly a million naira (about $745) for redundant tests, only to be told again: "No bed".

The Nigerian Medical Association (NMA) blamed this on a dysfunctional referral system and a weak primary healthcare foundation.

Chairman of the NMA in Lagos, Dr Saheed Babajide, revealed that in Lagos, only 57 out of 300 primary health centres are comprehensive enough to have doctors, forcing patients to swarm tertiary hospitals for minor ailments. This over-subscription, according to reports, means that many hospitals consistently operate at over 90% occupancy.

Furthermore, the lack of space extends to the families. Informal caregivers—relatives who perform the roles of nurses due to staffing shortages—are forced to sleep on staircases , wooden benches, or bare concrete. They report being bitten by mosquitoes, shivering in the rain, and eventually falling ill themselves, creating a secondary public health risk.

The ICU crisis in South Africa

In South Africa, the crisis shifts from general ward beds to the even more critical shortage of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) beds. Reports reveal that South Africa has a mere five ICU beds per 100,000 people . In some provinces, the ratio drops to one bed per 100,000.

The consequences are visceral. In Gauteng, South Africa's economically dominant province, which houses its financial capital, Johannesburg, a 29-year-old man died after a one-hour wait for medical attention; his family attributed the delay to "corruption led by the political elite" and a lack of available ICU space. Another patient waited six weeks for an ICU bed for a bypass surgery; during that time, gangrene spread, resulting in a double amputation.

The shortage is not just about infrastructure but specialised human capital. Only 25% of ICU nurses in the country are actually trained in critical care. This deficit, combined with crumbling utilities and water/power shortages, means that even when a physical bed is available, there may be no one qualified to man it. 

There have also been reports of financial mismanagement where security budgets outweigh clinical budgets, leaving hospitals under-equipped while funds are siphoned away.

Liberia and Kenya: Crumbling walls and digital deadlocks

In Liberia, the "no bed" crisis is exacerbated by the scars of civil war and the 2014 Ebola epidemic. At Phebe Hospital, the second-largest in the country, reports from 2024 indicated that a lone surgeon had been forced to carry out operations by the light of storm lanterns because of frequent electricity cuts. 

The hospital, burdened by $300,000 in debt to vendors, often lacks basic drugs, forcing doctors to watch patients die while relatives run to local pharmacies to buy supplies. At the James Jenkins Dossen (JJ Dossen) Hospital in Harper, the coastal capital of Maryland County in southeastern Liberia, the influx of patients was so high that pregnant women and their newborn babies were forced to sleep on the floor.

Kenya offers a more modern, albeit equally frustrating, version of the crisis. Recent transitions to the Social Health Authority (SHA) portal resulted in chaotic situations where hospitals with physical beds were shown as having "zero occupancy" in the digital system. Hospital owners reported being forced to turn away women in need of maternity services because the digital dashboard "locked," preventing admissions and reimbursements. 

Officials claim this was a deliberate downgrade to protect patient safety in facilities lacking essential equipment, but providers allege it is a cost-containment strategy by a state grappling with billions in unpaid claims.

A continental death trap

The collective data across these nations paints a grim picture:

Why the bed is just the symptom

The "no bed syndrome" is rarely just about furniture. It is the end result of the "Three Delays" model, according to researchers :

Many governments in Africa still view Emergency Medical Services (EMS) as a luxury rather than an essential component of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). 

In Nigeria, for instance, only 9% of the population is covered by a formal EMS system. Governments struggle to maintain ambulance fleets, and most response is left to expensive, private hospital-owned vehicles that can cost more than a month’s wages to hire.

The path forward: Essential, not optional

The African Critical Illness Outcomes Study , which investigated about 20,000 patients from 180 hospitals in 22 countries across the continent, suggests that thousands of lives could be saved through simple, low-cost interventions that can be provided in general wards, such as ensuring oxygen availability and training staff in basic life support.

Case studies in Sierra Leone and Malawi show promise. Sierra Leone utilised ambulances from its Ebola response to create a national EMS system that now achieves national coverage with 80 ambulances and over 400 paramedics. Malawi is piloting a coordinated "118" emergency number and trauma registry along its deadliest road corridor.

Civil society organisations in Togo have called on citizens to remain mobilised and vigilant amid what they describe as a difficult political climate. Activists say new forms of civic resistance may be necessary to defend democratic freedoms and social rights. The appeal follows renewed tensions between authorities and opposition groups. Organisers stress that any mobilisation should remain peaceful and focused on public participation. The call reflects growing frustration among segments of the population over governance issues.

Release of 70 political detainees

Opposition parties and civil society groups in Togo are demanding the release of nearly 70 people they describe as political detainees. They accuse the government of using arrests to suppress dissent and intimidate protesters. The groups say many detainees were arrested during demonstrations or political activities. They are calling for respect for fundamental rights and due process. Authorities have not issued an official response to the demands.

Renewed criticism of Togolese government

The recent release of some political detainees in Togo has drawn criticism from opposition figures and commentators. Critics argue that the releases were carried out only after sustained domestic and international pressure. They say the move does not address the root causes of political repression. Analysts describe the situation as an attempt by authorities to ease tensions without implementing meaningful reforms. Calls continue for broader dialogue and systemic change.

ANC calls for compensation for political prisoners

Togo’s opposition ANC party is demanding compensation and medical treatment for individuals it identifies as political prisoners. The party claims many detainees suffered injuries and health complications while in custody. ANC leaders argue that releases alone are insufficient without accountability and reparations. They are urging the government to take responsibility for alleged abuses. The call adds to mounting pressure on authorities over human rights concerns.

Kanka-Malick Natchaba appointment

President Faure Gnassingbé has appointed Kanka-Malick Natchaba as the new Director General of the Autonomous Road Maintenance Financing Company (SALT). The decision was announced through an official decree and takes immediate effect. Natchaba is expected to oversee reforms aimed at improving road infrastructure financing and management across the country. Analysts say the appointment reflects the government’s focus on strengthening public agencies responsible for transport and mobility. SALT plays a key role in maintaining national road networks critical to trade and regional connectivity.

Here is a rundown of elections that made a difference in 2025:

Sri Lanka

One of the most consequential elections was Sri Lanka ’s parliamentary transition in early 2025, which followed the 2024 presidential election won by Anura Kumara Dissanayake after the country’s worst economic crisis since independence. Voters decisively rejected the long-dominant Rajapaksa and Wickremesinghe political establishments, widely blamed for the 2022 debt default, instead backing parties and candidates associated with fiscal discipline, anti-corruption reforms, and continued engagement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) recovery programme.

Crucially, the mass youth-led protest movement known as the “Aragalaya,” which had forced former president Gotabaya Rajapaksa to flee in 2022, evolved into sustained electoral pressure in 2025.

Cameroon

In the October 12, 2025, presidential election, Cameroon’ s long-serving President Paul Biya, aged 92, was declared the winner with approximately 53.7% of the vote, extending his rule that began in 1982 into an unprecedented eighth term. The result sparked widespread protests in major cities such as Douala and Yaoundé, with opposition supporters rejecting the official outcome and accusing the government of electoral fraud and repression. The election and its aftermath underscored deep social tensions between entrenched political authority and a growing demand for democratic accountability among citizens and civil society groups.

Tanzania

Tanzania’s 29 October 2025 general election faced criticism over the exclusion of major opposition candidates and claims of suppressed dissent, fuelling public dissatisfaction with the electoral process and governance. Following the government’s declared victory, protests erupted in major cities, driven largely by young people contesting the outcome and broader political restrictions. Opposition groups and civil society alleged that thousands were killed during the unrest, with some estimates as high as 10,000. These claims have not been independently verified and were dismissed by the government as exaggerated. Prime Minister Mwigulu Nchemba’s administration described the figures as misinformation and announced investigations into the protests and any confirmed deaths. A presidential commission was subsequently established, though no official death toll has been released.

Chile

In the December 2025 presidential election in Chile , José Antonio Kast of the conservative Christian Social Front was elected president, defeating left-of-centre candidate Gabriel Boric and signalling a sharp political shift after years of social unrest and economic uncertainty. Kast’s victory reflected widespread voter concern over crime, public security, and economic challenges, with his campaign promising tougher law-and-order policies and market-oriented fiscal reforms. The result marked a substantive rightward turn in Chilean politics, underscoring a broader social realignment in Latin America as citizens adjusted priorities away from progressive agendas toward stability, security, and economic pragmatism in the aftermath of mass protests and constitutional debates.

Bolivia

In the 2025 Bolivian presidential runoff, Rodrigo Paz —a centrist and former mayor of La Paz— defeated his main rival to secure the presidency with a clear lead in the early official count, ending nearly two decades of dominance by the Movement for Socialism (MAS) party. Paz’s campaign focused on economic stability, reducing political polarisation, combating corruption, and restoring investor confidence after years of tension between MAS supporters and opposition groups, appealing to voters across the political spectrum. The election marked a significant social and political shift in Bolivia, reflecting widespread public desire for consensus leadership and pragmatic governance following periods of protests, contested elections, and economic uncertainty under previous administrations.

Public debate in Grenada is intensifying around allegations that the government may be acting inconsistently with its own laws and regulatory obligations. According to the media briefing, questions are being raised about compliance with established legal procedures, particularly in relation to decision-making processes and statutory oversight. While the briefing does not detail specific statutes, the issue has gained traction because it touches directly on governance standards, transparency, and accountability—core principles underpinning public trust in state institutions. Observers note that even the perception of legal inconsistency can have broader implications for investor confidence and democratic credibility in small island states such as Grenada.

Local contractors face mounting financial and operational pressure

Grenadian contractors are reportedly experiencing growing difficulties , reflecting deeper structural challenges within the local construction and infrastructure sector. The briefing highlights that contractors are “in trouble,” a phrase that industry stakeholders interpret as encompassing delayed payments, cash flow constraints, and limited access to large public projects. These pressures come at a time when local firms are expected to play a central role in national development initiatives. The situation raises concerns about whether domestic businesses are being adequately supported and whether procurement practices are structured to strengthen local capacity rather than marginalise it.

Questions raised about Project Polaris and its relationship with PAHO

Project Polaris has come under renewed scrutiny , particularly regarding its relationship with the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO). The media briefing signals uncertainty or concern around how this relationship is structured and governed, prompting calls for greater clarity. Given PAHO’s role as a key regional health institution, any ambiguity surrounding partnerships tied to health-related projects is significant. Analysts suggest that clearer communication on roles, responsibilities, and accountability mechanisms would help reassure the public and stakeholders, especially in a post-pandemic context where health governance remains a sensitive and high-priority issue for Grenada.

An example of this trend is Chile, where José Antonio Kast , a right-wing conservative, won the December 2025 presidential runoff with about 58% of the vote, defeating leftist candidate Jeannette Jara.

His victory marks one of the clearest rightward political shifts in the country since its transition to democracy in 1990, and places Chile alongside other South American states now governed by conservative leaders.

Kast joins leaders such as Ecuador’s Daniel Noboa, El Salvador’s Nayib Bukele, and Argentina’s Javier Milei to show a regional shift away from leftist dominance.

The trend was further highlighted in October, when Bolivia elected centrist Rodrigo Paz, bringing nearly 20 years of socialist rule to an end.

Yet this rightward shift is not without its challenges and critics. Scholars like Ken Roberts, a professor at Cornell University, warned of potential political polarisation and institutional strains as new administrations push their agendas amid divided electorates ahead of the run-off.

“A Kast victory would reinforce the recent surge of right and far-right political actors in Latin America, who are strongly supported by the Trump Administration in the US. But it would also continue a much longer pattern of volatile anti-incumbent voting in Latin America's turbulent democratic waters. This latter pattern suggests that any political shift to the right in Chile and neighbouring countries is likely to encounter strong political headwinds and underlying fragilities in a regional context of acute polarisation and severely atrophied political institutions,” Roberts said.

The continent's electoral calendar continues with significant votes ahead in countries like Peru, Colombia and Brazil, and observers will be watching closely to see whether the current momentum carries forward or stalls.

At least 37 people were killed after torrential rains triggered flash floods in Morocco’s Atlantic coastal province of Safi, authorities said. State broadcaster SNRT News reported that at least 14 people were hospitalised, including two in intensive care, after heavy rain on Sunday swept cars and debris through the town, about 300km south of Rabat. Local authorities said more than 70 homes and businesses in the historic old city were flooded within an hour, while search and rescue operations and support efforts for affected residents remain ongoing.

Morocco positions itself at the centre of Atlantic geopolitics and long-term reform debates

Morocco is being highlighted as a central actor in discussions around geopolitics , structural reforms, and future-oriented policy planning through the “Perspectives 2030” framework. The Policy Centre’s focus places the country at the heart of the Atlantic Dialogues, underscoring Morocco’s growing role as a convening power between Africa, Europe, and the Atlantic world. This positioning reflects sustained diplomatic engagement, strategic economic planning, and an emphasis on long-term stability and influence in regional and transatlantic affairs.

Morocco–EBRD contracts set to reach a record $1 billion in 2025

Greg Guyett, first Vice-President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, said 2025 is a record year for EBRD contract signings with Morocco, totalling about $1 billion , driven by strong government partnerships and private sector collaboration. He said the bank will continue investing to support business growth, particularly for SMEs, with a focus on energy, industry, water, renewable energy, grid upgrades, and education programs that empower youth and women.

Government explores a new framework to recognise and support women’s unpaid household work

Morocco is examining the development of a new policy framework aimed at addressing women’s unpaid household labour , a long-standing issue in social and economic policy. This initiative signals increased attention to gender equity, social protection, and the economic value of care work that has traditionally gone unrecognised. The exploration of such a framework suggests a broader reform agenda focused on inclusion, labour recognition, and social justice within national development priorities.

Morocco reiterates a firm and fair position on the Sahara issue under King Mohammed VI’s leadership

The head of government has reaffirmed Morocco’s firm and fair stance on the Sahara issue, emphasising continuity and clarity under the leadership of King Mohammed VI. This position reflects the state’s consistent diplomatic narrative, combining sovereignty claims with calls for pragmatic and realistic solutions. The reiteration underscores the centrality of the Sahara issue to Morocco’s foreign policy, national unity, and international engagement strategy.

Yet, Liberia and Georgia are countries where former international football stars became heads of state.

In Liberia, George Weah stands as the most iconic example; not just a sports legend, but a trailblazer whose journey from the dusty streets of Monrovia to the global football elite and, ultimately, the presidency, captured worldwide attention.

After an 18-year professional football career that saw him star for giants like AS Monaco, Paris Saint-Germain, AC Milan, Chelsea, and Manchester City, Weah achieved an unprecedented milestone in 1995 by becoming the only African winner of both the Ballon d’Or and FIFA World Player of the Year.

Transitioning from sport to politics is seldom straightforward, yet Weah embraced that challenge. After serving as a senator, he successfully campaigned for the Liberian presidency, taking office on January 22, 2018 .

His leadership marked a historic first: Liberia’s first former professional footballer to become a head of state, and a symbol of hope for many Liberians navigating persistent economic and social recovery.

While Liberia’s football-turned-politician narrative is inspiring, a less familiar but contemporarily critical chapter unfolded in Georgia. Mikheil Kavelashvili, a former professional striker who once played for Manchester City, emerged as Georgia’s president as of December 29, 2024.

Kavelashvili’s elevation is distinctive for several reasons. Unlike Weah, who built his political career over years of local campaigns and legislative service, his ascent has been tightly interwoven with ongoing political turmoil in Georgia.

Reports describe a fraught transition marked by protests and allegations of democratic backsliding after the October 2024 elections, as well as geopolitical tensions resulting from strained relations between Tbilisi and Western partners amid disputes over EU accession and democratic norms.

The country decided to put EU accession talks on hold till 2028, even though it is drafted in the constitution.

This dual narrative, a celebrated African football legend turned president, alongside a former European league professional now at the helm of a Eurasian state, highlights the surprising and sometimes controversial intersections between sport, politics, and national identity.

The contrasting trajectories of Weah and Kavelashvili also mirror broader global trends where public fame, whether on a football pitch or in any popular arena, can become potent political capital. Yet the outcomes differ: Weah’s tenure was born from democratic elections and wide public support, while Kavelashvili’s rise is unfolding amidst constitutional contention and mass demonstrations.

Stakeholders in Seychelles are navigating the ongoing tension between administrative processes and the nation’s development ambitions. Discussions continue around how best to maintain institutional rigour while ensuring that reforms and initiatives move forward at a pace aligned with the country’s socio-economic priorities.

National Assembly passes supplementary budget

The Seychelles National Assembly has approved a supplementary budget, signalling adjustments to existing fiscal allocations in response to evolving national needs. The passage of this budget underscores the government’s intent to address emerging priorities and to realign resources to support pressing policy commitments.

Seychelles Aquatic Federation elects new executive committee for 2025–29

The Seychelles Aquatic Federation has officially elected a new executive committee that will serve from 2025 to 2029. This leadership transition marks a significant step for the country's aquatic sports governance, shaping the strategic direction and development agenda for competitive and recreational aquatic activities over the next four years.

Seychelles strengthens circular economy links at Turkey forum

Seychelles strengthened international cooperation on sustainable waste management at the Global Zero Waste Forum in Istanbul, where an LWMA delegation advanced partnerships to support the country’s shift to a circular economy. As one of the few SIDS invited, Seychelles underscored its growing global role, with a key outcome being an MoU between LWMA and the Zero Waste Foundation to collaborate on policy development, capacity building, pilot projects, research, marine protection, and circular-economy initiatives.

Since Rajoelina’s transition , Madagascar has been less governed than managed as a hunting ground for a privileged elite. The Presidential Palace became a hub of organised predation, where advisers ran a disciplined criminal network, shaping decrees, controlling contracts, and striking opaque deals with foreign companies. “Development” became a code for kickbacks. Cabinet members advanced mining and land deals that benefited their clans while blocking essential public services, and intelligence agents enforced the system by suppressing dissent around this core, operating intermediaries who managed laundering, transfers, and offshore channels that drained national wealth. In mining regions, forests were razed, rivers polluted, and gold smuggled out weekly under official protection, investment in name but a liquidation of sovereignty in practice.

The transitional pill or the subtle art of confiscating the nation!

In Malagasy political life, certain words are used so often they lose meaning, and “ transition ” is one of them. It suggests a temporary passage toward renewed democracy, yet our history shows that transitions have never been passages at all. They become lucrative interludes, zones outside normal political rules, where the state stops functioning as an institution and instead becomes an asset controlled by a small circle. A transition has no ideology, no vision, and no project beyond its own survival. Its fuel is the Provisional, a space where nothing is fixed and those in power enjoy near-total freedom because everything remains undefined. In this context, the Provisional becomes a resource to be exploited. This is why transitional governments avoid clear political agreements: agreements close the parenthesis, limit their manoeuvring room, and impose deadlines they prefer to keep vague so the period where anything is possible, even the unspeakable, can continue.

The three little pigs of the republic: The presidency, mines, and finances

The orange-clad presidency did not govern ; it operated like a multinational plunder corporation. It became the central server of an institutional mafia that turned the Malagasy administration into a trafficking hub sanctioned by decree. The Palace was less a seat of power than the headquarters of a white-collar family gang. Madagascar has been treated like an open-air supermarket through the hidden dominance of its mines. The sector wasn’t merely looted but emptied and ravaged with official approval. Across the south, southeast, and central regions, the pattern repeats: Chinese companies signing deals in hours, local authorities facilitating rather than overseeing, resources extracted without compensation or safeguards, and vast stretches of land left as abandoned craters.

The shadow of the ‘Tablieristes’: Why are we trapped in our own poverty?

Madagascar’s persistent poverty is not the work of fate or an ancient curse; it stems from the fact that real power has long operated outside formal institutions. Parallel networks and closed fraternities have placed their people throughout the administration, preventing the rise of a true public meritocracy. The state grew not through exams, standards, or independence, but through belonging to a clan, region, business group, or lodge. When the state is weak, these networks rule; when institutions fail, closed circles decide . The result is an administration suffocated by co-optation, appointments negotiated in back rooms, ministries run by loyalty instead of competence, and entire sectors controlled to protect insiders rather than serve the nation.

World Bank funding to align with refoundation priorities

Resources must respond to citizens’ needs, which is why Economy and Finance Minister Dr. Herinjatovo Ramiarison urges that World Bank funding align with the “Refoundation” Government’s priorities. He reiterated this during the review of World Bank–financed projects, noting that Madagascar has already set its goals: improving access to water and electricity, strengthening health, education, and security, and restoring citizens’ dignity. The focus now is accelerating implementation and ensuring concrete results. The 2023–2027 Country Partnership Framework (CPF) had already outlined the Bank’s strategy for inclusive and resilient growth, centered on three priorities: expanding employment opportunities, improving equitable access to public services, and strengthening resilience to shocks.

The special prosecutor’s office argues she has “placed herself above the law” and undermined public trust in the justice system. Kim’s legal team denies all wrongdoing, insisting she acted as an ordinary investor in the stock case and that the gifts were ceremonial congratulatory items and not bribery.

Kim said in her final court statement that she had been “wronged in many ways” but apologised for causing public concern.

The trial is only one part of a wide investigation involving allegations of political interference, bribery and influence-peddling. She is also awaiting trial on accusations linked to the alleged unlawful recruitment of Unification Church members into the ruling party and other ongoing probes.

A final verdict is expected in January 2026.

In correspondence shared by the party, Pillay wrote, “The Public Protector has considered your submissions and will proceed to investigate your allegations in connection with abuse of power and/or improper conduct.”

MK party spokesperson Nhlamulo Ndhlela said the investigation was critical to “restoring credibility to the highest office,” adding that no president should be “placed above the law .”

The complaint draws on long-standing controversies surrounding Ramaphosa’s presidency, including the Phala Phala foreign currency scandal and what the party describes as the weakening of oversight institutions.

Ramaphosa has previously been cleared of separate ethics violations. In April, Public Protector Kholeka Gcaleka dismissed a complaint lodged by opposition leader John Steenhuisen, who argued that the president blurred party-state lines at an ANC event.

However, 47-year-old Fernando Dias also seems to be in a comfortable lead.

After being disqualified from standing as a candidate, opposition leader Domingos Simões Pereira has thrown his weight and support behind the Party for Social Renewal (PRS), a party headed by political newcomer Fernando Dias.

Expectations of the citizenry

During a conversation with Abigail Johnson Boakye, a journalist with Global South World, Samba M. Baldé, a Bissau-Guinean journalist, shared that despite the hype surrounding the upcoming elections, electorates seem to be less engaged, as they are tired of slogans and manifestos and want real solutions.

"Engagement exists, but it's uneven because voters react to something that has certain benefits than to only promises because for voters, when candidates fail to translate their proposals into real impact or how they can really impact society, public interest quickly drops. ...But people are, for example, no longer satisfied with slogans. They want clear plans and measurable results in Guinea-Bissau," Samba said.

On November 23, 860,000 voters head to the polls to decide whether their country can finally break free from decades of political turbulence.

Who is Fernando Dias?

Although new to the political spotlight, Dias is not entirely new to public life. His journey reflects a careful mix of academic training, political apprenticeship and a recent surge in national prominence.

He is a trained lawyer, holding both a Bachelor's degree in Law and a postgraduate qualification in Criminal Law from the Bissau Faculty of Law.

Before emerging as a presidential contender, he had built a steady career within state institutions, serving as the first Vice-President of the National People’s Assembly during the 11th legislature.

His roots in party politics run deeper than his “newcomer” label suggests.

He once served as Secretary-General of the youth wing of the Party for Social Renewal (PRS), eventually becoming its interim leader following a leadership vacancy. In June 2024, he was elected as president of the PRS.

He promises security for the people and desires to ensure the military does not interfere in the West African country's politics again.

"Our mission is clear: free Guinea-Bissau from the shackles of dictatorship and return power to the people. With faith, unity and courage, we will win the polls and build a new time for our nation," he wrote on his Facebook wall.

Background

Guinea-Bissau’s presidential and legislative races come at a moment when institutions are strained, and trust is fragile.

Umaro Sissoco Embaló's bid is seen as controversial because he has strategically reshaped the political arena through sudden dismissals and the appointment of a new prime minister ahead of the vote.

Heavyweight Domingos Simões Pereira and the historic PAIGC party-led coalition, PAI-Terra Ranka, were barred from contesting after the Supreme Court ruled their paperwork incomplete in October. This marks the first time the PAIGC party will be absent on a ballot paper.

Coups d'états, dissolved parliaments, and stalled reforms have marked Guinea-Bissau’s history. Embaló dissolved the National Assembly in December 2023, claiming an attempted coup, and left the country with no operational parliament for nearly two years.

Although his tenure ended in February 2025, Embaló stayed in the seat of power.

“It is disappointing that the government decided to use over D1 billion from the sale of Jammeh’s assets on other things instead of the welfare of victims,” Jome said. “They promised the TRRC that reparations would be funded from Jammeh’s assets, but that never happened.”

The Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), established in 2018, had recommended more than D280 million (approx. US$3.8 million) for reparations. However, according to Jome, the government only provided D50 million (approximately US$685,000), of which D13 million went to interim reparations and medical bills, leaving just D33 million (approximately US$452,000) for compensation.

The TRRC used those funds to pay only 19 percent of victims’ approved reparations, promising that the government would cover the balance. “That balance is still pending,” Jome said.

Although the government set up a Reparations Commission in April to implement TRRC recommendations, victims say progress remains painfully slow. Jome stated that only D30 million, D20 million for reparations and D10 million for the Commission’s operations have been allocated for 2025 - 2026, far below what is needed. 

“Considering the number of victims, D30 million is grossly inadequate,” he said. “The Victims’ Centre and the entire community is worried about how the government is handling this issue. Jammeh’s regime left thousands subjected to arbitrary arrests, torture, disappearances and killings,” Jome said. “Reparations are not only financial, they represent acknowledgement, dignity and closure. But victims are still waiting,” he added.

Many victims have died while waiting for justice . Jome said more than 170 victims have passed away, including some who testified before the TRRC.

In the recording, Jammeh insisted he fears “nothing, not even death,” and claimed that his return was divinely ordained. “If Allah has written it, it shall happen,” he said.

In a press release issued by the party’s NAM Media Team, the APRC distanced itself from videos and voice notes circulating on TikTok, WhatsApp and Facebook that claim to reveal a specific date for Jammeh’s return. The party described all such dates as “bogus” and warned supporters against sharing unverified information.

According to the APRC, Jammeh has previously stated his intention to return “in November 2025,” but the party stressed that no official date has been set. Any confirmed announcement, it added, would come only from the interim party leadership through verified communication channels.

The statement urged the public to remain calm, avoid misinformation, and wait for an official update.

The Communist Party of Cuba has officially convened its 11th Plenary Session of the Central Committee, marking another key moment in the island’s political calendar. This session reflects the country’s continuing effort to maintain centralised political coordination while addressing emerging national concerns. The announcement signals that the party leadership aims to evaluate ongoing national priorities and reinforce political alignment among its members. The decision to convene the 11th plenum underscores the CCP’s ongoing strategy of maintaining stable leadership structures amid evolving domestic and international conditions.

Party leadership outlines central committee agenda for the upcoming session

The 11th Plenary Session will bring together the Central Committee of the Communist Party, with the agenda reportedly focused on several internal and national issues. The explicit convening of the session indicates that party leadership intends to oversee critical aspects of governance, evaluate the political performance of institutions, and discuss the nation’s immediate priorities. This move continues a pattern in which the Central Committee meets to recalibrate strategies in response to changing socioeconomic pressures on the island.

Economic plan, hurricane damages, and “important issues” dominate PCC agenda

Among the detailed topics expected to be addressed at the plenary are Cuba’s national economic plan, the damages caused by Melissa, and other unspecified but “important issues.” This reflects the country’s need to manage multiple crises at once, economic stagnation, infrastructure challenges following natural disasters, and the broader strain on state resources. The reference to Melissa’s damages suggests a push to coordinate governmental response efforts and reinforce recovery initiatives. At the same time, highlighting “important issues” signals the party’s recognition that a wide range of political, economic, and social concerns now require attention at the highest levels of decision-making.

Government to conduct national review of its programme to correct distortions and boost the economy

A study and analysis of the Government Program will be carried out across Cuba with the intention of correcting distortions and implementing measures to boost the national economy. This initiative reflects an acknowledgement that structural problems and inefficiencies persist within the Cuban system and that a comprehensive review is necessary to stabilise conditions. The nationwide assessment indicates that authorities aim not only to diagnose the roots of the distortions but also to develop solutions that can strengthen the economic framework. This process is expected to engage officials at various administrative levels to ensure that corrections are implemented consistently across the nation.

Debate intensifies over the impact of U.S. unilateral sanctions

The question “Are the USA’s Unilateral Sanctions on Cuba a Good Thing?” reflects the ongoing debate, both domestically and internationally, about the real impact of U.S. restrictions on the island. The discussion continues to shape public discourse, as policymakers, analysts, and citizens evaluate whether the sanctions are causing undue suffering for the population, effectively pressuring the government, or creating new geopolitical tensions. By raising the issue at this moment, the roundup shows that sanctions remain central to Cuba’s economic difficulties and political narrative. The debate also highlights the growing pressure on policymakers to either negotiate relief mechanisms or adjust internal strategies to mitigate the effects of sanctions.

Bangladesh’s interim government is under pressure as political parties continue to clash over the July National Charter, a framework meant to guide the country’s transition. The rift has widened over how and when a national referendum on the Charter should be held. Despite repeated calls for unity, the stalemate threatens to delay vital reforms and further test the credibility of the interim administration.

Government faces test as parties spar over referendum timing

The government’s biggest test now lies in navigating growing partisan tensions. Several political parties are unwilling to compromise on the referendum’s timing, accusing the interim government of trying to dictate the process. Officials, however, warn that if talks fail, the government may move ahead unilaterally to keep the transition on track. Analysts suggest that such a move could spark political unrest at a sensitive time for the nation.

Can political parties reach an agreement through discussion? What history says

Observers remain sceptical that the warring political camps will voluntarily engage in meaningful dialogue. Historical precedents show that major political agreements in Bangladesh have often required mediation or external pressure rather than self-initiated consensus. Political scientists argue that unless this dynamic changes, the July Charter dispute risks becoming another protracted impasse in the country’s democratic evolution.

Is the July Charter drive losing its way?

Efforts to secure broad-based agreement on the Charter appear to be faltering. Major parties have refused to participate in government-led discussions, accusing the administration of lacking transparency. Critics worry that the government’s top-down approach and political brinkmanship are eroding public confidence in what was supposed to be a unifying reform process. Without renewed dialogue, the Charter’s legitimacy could come under question both domestically and internationally.

Cabinet likely to take up issue in next meeting

In a bid to break the deadlock, the interim government plans to bring the July Charter and referendum timeline before its advisory council at the next cabinet meeting. The move signals that officials are aware of the growing urgency but remain divided on the strategy. Political analysts believe the cabinet’s decision could determine whether the country moves toward reconciliation or sinks deeper into political uncertainty.

Notably, as of now, it does not have formal ties with any of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council — the United States, China, Russia, the United Kingdom and France.

This is because the country has long prioritised sovereignty, cultural preservation, and its unique philosophy of Gross National Happiness over broad global entanglements. Its monarch and government steer its foreign relations in accordance with Article 20 of its Constitution.

Despite its cautious stance, Bhutan formally established relations with the Philippines on October 6. Just days later, it signed a similar agreement with Qatar on October 16, 2025.

The recent tie-ups with the Philippines and Qatar show Bhutan is willing to connect when it suits its interests.

The country's ambassador to India, Major General Vetsop Namgyel, in a joint statement with the Philippines, said, “Over the years, Bhutan has benefited from education and training opportunities in the Philippines for our students and officials, through the Colombo Plan, the Asian Development Bank, and the JICA Third Country Program. Many Bhutanese students have completed undergraduate and master’s degrees in Philippine universities.”

The kingdom hoped to reap the benefits of its relations with Qatar as well.

"The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the State of Qatar reflects the shared desire of the two countries to strengthen cooperation at the bilateral and multilateral levels," a joint statement from the two countries read.

Why Bhutan’s relations are unique

While most countries maintain hundreds of bilateral relationships, Bhutan has deliberately kept its circle small . This limited outreach reflects its focus on sovereignty, stability, and balance.

By maintaining fewer formal ties, Bhutan protects its culture and decision-making from outside influence. Its closest and most important partner remains India, a relationship built on history, security, and economic cooperation

Geographically, Bhutan is situated between India and China, making its foreign policy a careful balancing act. Border issues with China continue to shape its cautious diplomacy.

The absence of ties with major powers such as the U.S., China and the rest exemplifies Bhutan's commitment to a controlled and purposeful engagement with the world .

The funding lapse began on October 1, 2025, when Congress failed to pass the annual appropriation bills for the next fiscal year. By November 4 and 5, the shutdown had reached 35-36 days, officially topping the previous 35-day record from 2018-2019, under the same administration.

Republicans and Democrats disagree over whether to include extensions of health-insurance subsidies under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in a stopgap funding bill.

Democrats say that without the subsidy extension, millions of Americans will face higher premiums and reduced coverage. Republicans counter that the government must reopen first, and that health policy should be negotiated separately.

As this issue drags on, many federal workers remain on the job without pay, while others are suspended.

LaShanda Palmer, a federal employee of the Transportation Security Administration, lamented to People in October that she had yet to receive her paycheck.

"I don't want to get an eviction notice. I'm in a position right now, come November 1st, where my rent may not get paid because I don't have it to pay it. And it's not that I don't work for it because I am working for it. I should have it," she said.

A letter from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) also warned that the shutdown could shave up to 2% off quarterly GDP and result in between US$7 billion and US$14 billion in permanent losses.

On a global scale, air travel is already being affected as hundreds of flights were delayed at major airports over the weekend.

Dr. Patrick Herminie of the United Seychelles (US) party has been elected as the nation’s sixth Presiden t, defeating incumbent Wavel Ramkalawan of the Linyon Demokratik Seselwa (LDS) in a closely contested runoff election. The outcome marks a significant political shift, as Herminie’s victory signals renewed confidence in the US party’s agenda for national unity and economic revitalisation. The election was widely watched as a key test for Seychelles’ democratic maturity and voter confidence in leadership renewal.

Election observers commend transparency and calm

The Citizens Democracy Watch Seychelles (CDWS) has lauded the election process, praising its peaceful and transparent conduct. In its post-election statement, CDWS underscored that the vote reflected the strength of Seychelles’ democratic institutions. However, the watchdog recommended stronger voter education to ensure broader civic engagement and understanding of electoral processes across the islands.

Electoral Commission declares readiness for upcoming general elections

The Electoral Commission of Seychelles has confirmed its readiness for the upcoming general elections, highlighting efforts to streamline logistics and improve accessibility. Special polling stations have been set up for eligible travellers, allowing Seychellois citizens abroad or in remote locations to cast their votes more easily. The move is seen as a step toward greater electoral inclusivity and modernisation.

National Assembly concludes induction programme for new members

Following the presidential elections, the National Assembly of Seychelles has wrapped up an induction programme for newly elected members, focusing on democratic values, transparency, and governance. The initiative aims to strengthen legislative integrity and accountability as new lawmakers prepare to address pressing national priorities, including economic diversification and social welfare.

Final presidential debate underscores democratic openness

The second and final presidential debate for the 2025 elections featured seven of the eight candidates, reflecting Seychelles’ vibrant multi-party democracy. The debate provided a national platform for candidates to outline their visions on economic reform, sustainability, and social inclusion. Analysts viewed it as a milestone in consolidating open political dialogue since the return of multi-party democracy, reaffirming the country’s reputation as one of Africa’s most stable democracies.

President Shavkat Mirziyoyev has directed all regional and district governors to begin submitting monthly public reports on their work. The order is intended to improve transparency and keep local officials accountable to the public. This move reflects the administration’s ongoing governance reforms aimed at decentralisation and civic engagement, ensuring that regional leaders stay in closer touch with citizens’ needs and development goals.

New governors appointed across multiple districts and cities

A series of new gubernatorial appointments have been announced in several regions and cities across Uzbekistan. The reshuffle is designed to strengthen leadership and improve socio-economic management at the local level. The government says the changes are part of a broader push to modernise governance structures, empower regional administrations, and align local strategies with national development targets.

New appointments to presidential advisory team

President Mirziyoyev has also made changes within his advisory circle. Ravshan Gulyamov and Aziz Magrupov have been appointed to new roles, focusing on regional and economic development. Their inclusion in the presidential advisory team underscores the government’s intent to streamline policy implementation and attract investment while ensuring sustainable regional growth.

Another governor dismissed in Navoi region

Leadership changes continue in the Navoi region, where a previous governor was dismissed amid ongoing administrative restructuring. Alisher Rashidov has been appointed as the new regional governor. The government has not disclosed the reasons behind the dismissal, but the decision fits into the wider pattern of leadership accountability initiatives rolled out by Mirziyoyev’s administration in recent months.

Deputy Azizova calls for life imprisonment for pedophiles

A powerful debate on child protection laws is gaining traction in Uzbekistan following remarks by Deputy Azizova, who declared that “pedophiles must be punished with life imprisonment.” Her comments have received significant public support, with citizens and advocacy groups urging tougher legal measures against sexual violence involving minors. The proposal aligns with Uzbekistan’s ongoing legal reforms aimed at strengthening justice and social protection systems.

The five-article law orders the dissolution of the CENI, transfers all of its powers and responsibilities to the Ministry of Territorial Administration, and mandates the handover of its assets, archives and official records. It also repeals earlier legal provisions and outlines enforcement terms.

State Minister for Territorial Administration Émile Zerbo said the reform is intended to “strengthen institutional coherence” with the country’s Transition Charter and improve efficiency within government.

“We conducted a review of existing institutions and found that the CENI no longer reflected current sociopolitical realities and had become financially burdensome,” Zerbo said. He noted that the commission’s annual operating budget, close to 500 million CFA francs outside election cycles, was unsustainable amid tighter fiscal conditions .

The minister added that the decision followed recommendations from a national dialogue held on 25 May 2024, which called for rationalising state structures and extending the transition period.

A committee will oversee the reassignment of the CENI’s 104 staff members and the redistribution of its resources. “What remains useful will be retained,” Zerbo said, indicating that personnel and equipment may be absorbed into government services.

With the CENI now dissolved, the responsibility for organising future elections shifts directly to the Ministry of Territorial Administration.

According to provisional results, President Javier Milei’s libertarian coalition, La Libertad Avanza (LLA), secured approximately 40.7% of the national vote , while the opposition Peronist-aligned Fuerza Patria pulled in around 31.7%.

The election map, where LLA’s violet-coloured provinces dominate much of the country and Fuerza Patria’s blue-coloured regions carve out strongholds, captures more than numbers. It reflects a defining test of Milei’s economic agenda, a rising contest between libertarian and populist models of governance, and the realignment of power across Argentina’s provinces.

LLA’s rise to the top at the national level reinforces the mandate that Milei has claimed since his 2023 victory. With roughly four in ten Argentines casting ballots in his coalition’s direction, he walks into the next legislative session with renewed momentum.

Meanwhile, Fuerza Patria’s performance signals that the traditional Peronist base remains formidable, albeit under pressure to modernise and recalibrate. The election will decide whether the governing coalition can transform its national popularity into legislative efficacy.

However, in the key province of Buenos Aires, the result told a different tale as Fuerza Patria dominated with about 47 % of the vote against LLA’s roughly 34 % in September.

That division, national strength for LLA and provincial resilience for Fuerza Patria, reveals the uneven terrain ahead. One map may show purples and blues dominating, but each colour conceals differing regional stories, power bases and policy priorities.

The significance of this election reaches well beyond Buenos Aires or Argentina’s own borders. For investors, markets and foreign governments, the result signals whether the country will stick with Milei’s radical free-market reforms, privatisation, deregulation and a sharp fiscal pivot or whether resistance and institutional inertia will force a recalibration.

In the short term, the markets reacted positively to the LLA victory, viewing it as a stabilising factor amid Argentina’s recent economic turbulence.

Regionally and globally, Argentina’s path matters because Latin America is watching. A strong showing by a libertarian coalition challenges the continent’s long-standing models of state-led economies and social welfare policies.

At the same time, the opposition’s showing demonstrates that large segments of the electorate still favour inclusive and interventionist approaches.

Their cases have been transferred to military prosecutors, marking the beginning of likely criminal proceedings.

General He Weidong was among the most powerful figures in China’s military hierarchy. As Vice Chairman of the CMC and a Politburo member, he was involved in strategic command, including operations related to Taiwan . His disappearance from public view months ago had sparked speculation, but Friday’s announcement delivered the first official confirmation of his downfall.

The Defence Ministry said the expelled officials were implicated in “extremely serious crimes involving exceptionally large sums of money,” though no specific allegations were disclosed. The purge includes leaders responsible for political work, armaments, and logistics, core sectors often linked to procurement and corruption.

The expulsions come just days before a major Communist Party meeting in Beijing, where leadership appointments and strategic roadmaps for the next five years will be finalised.

“This move is both political and strategic,” said Neil Thomas of the Asia Society Policy Institute. “It clears the way for Xi to appoint loyalists and tighten his control over the military at a critical geopolitical moment,” he said.

Since coming to power in 2012, Xi has made anti-corruption campaigns a hallmark of his rule, purging not only civilian officials but also dozens of senior commanders.

According to The Blackout Report, India’s blackout in July 2012 impacted 670 million people, Pakistan’s blackout in January 2023 hit 244 million (almost its whole population), Bangladesh’s October 2022 outage affected 140 million, and Indonesia’s 2005 incident cut power to 100 million.

India’s 2012 blackout — The largest in human history

In July 2012, India experienced what remains the biggest power outage in history, cutting electricity to more than 670 million people, nearly half of its population.

The collapse began when a key 400 kV transmission line between Bina, Gwalior, and Agra failed, triggering a cascading breakdown that crippled three of India’s five regional grids.

Trains stopped mid-journey, traffic signals failed, hospitals ran on emergency power, and millions were left stranded at railway stations in the sweltering July heat. Water pumping systems also failed, leaving many without access to clean water.

It took nearly 15 hours to restore 80% of power in the affected regions, and the episode became a wake-up call for India’s power sector. The blackout led to immediate reforms, including tighter coordination between regional grids, better load forecasting, and investments in “smart grid” systems.

What happened in Pakistan in 2023

On January 23, 2023, Pakistan experienced one of the most dramatic grid collapses in modern history. The outage began around 7:34 a.m. local time when sudden fluctuations in grid frequency caused transmission lines to trip and disconnect southern and northern systems. Over 11365 MW of power was lost, and most of the country plunged into darkness.

In many areas, power stayed off for over 12 hours, and in some rural zones, outages stretched to 24 or even 72 hours. In its aftermath, authorities launched a full investigation.

The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) held six entities accountable, including the national transmission company, generator operators, and hydropower stations. Weak protection systems, mismatched generation schedules, and poor coordination all contributed to the cascade collapse.

Every day life suffered as hospitals ran on backup generators, communications networks faltered, and water pump systems shut down. The economic toll was steep, especially on industries like textiles.

Bangladesh’s 2022 blackout

On October 4, 2022, nearly 80% of Bangladesh lost power after a massive grid failure disrupted the country’s entire electricity network. The outage, which began in the afternoon and lasted for more than seven hours, affected around 140 million people.

In the capital, Dhaka, elevators stopped, traffic lights went dark, and factories across the industrial belt were forced to shut down. For Bangladesh’s garment sector, the backbone of its economy, the blackout was especially painful. Many textile plants, which rely on continuous power for production, were forced to halt operations, disrupting exports and cutting daily wages.

The outage also deepened frustration amid a worsening energy crunch. Protests broke out in several cities, reflecting public anger over the government’s handling of energy imports and rising costs. Officials later confirmed the blackout was caused by a “transmission imbalance” in the eastern grid, leading to a chain reaction that tripped multiple power plants.

Indonesia’s 2005 blackout

Earlier, in August 2005, Indonesia faced a similar crisis when a transmission line failure in West Java triggered a cascading power outage across Java and Bali, leaving nearly 100 million people without electricity.

The blackout struck at mid-morning, paralysing Jakarta, one of Asia’s most crowded capitals. Traffic jams stretched for miles, hospitals operated on diesel generators, and mobile networks went offline. The state utility company, PLN, apologised publicly as then President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ordered an immediate investigation.

Within hours, most of Jakarta regained power, but some regions remained in darkness well into the night. The incident led to major scrutiny of PLN’s maintenance and oversight procedures, as well as a push to diversify Indonesia’s energy mix to reduce dependence on overloaded transmission corridors.

In a significant show of political cooperation, President Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah and the All People’s Party (APP) have agreed to strengthen collaboration aimed at advancing Namibia’s socio-economic development agenda. The leaders highlighted shared priorities such as poverty reduction, youth empowerment, and equitable access to resources. This partnership underscores a growing recognition among Namibian political actors that cross-party alliances are essential to achieving long-term national goals. Observers see the collaboration as a strategic move that could consolidate stability ahead of the 2025 elections, signalling a shift toward a more consensus-driven political culture in the country.

President Nandi-Ndaitwah meets IPC leadership to foster dialogue

Continuing her outreach efforts, President Nandi-Ndaitwah met with leaders of the Independent Patriots for Change (IPC) to discuss strategies for inclusive governance and sustainable development. The meeting focused on aligning national development programs with community needs, especially in rural and underserved regions. Both sides emphasised the importance of transparency, accountability, and social cohesion. Analysts view this as part of the President’s broader effort to bridge political divides and ensure that diverse voices contribute to policymaking. The talks also reflected a deepening culture of political consultation that could define the early phase of Nandi-Ndaitwah’s administration.

Namibia and GCF to boost funding for youth climate projects

Namibia has announced a strategic collaboration with the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to expand financing for youth-led climate action initiatives. The partnership aims to empower young entrepreneurs and innovators developing sustainable solutions in renewable energy, waste management, and agriculture. President Nandi-Ndaitwah hailed the agreement as a landmark opportunity to align Namibia’s development agenda with its environmental commitments. The initiative also seeks to position Namibia as a regional leader in green innovation, supporting the country’s efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change while driving youth employment and capacity-building programs.

Procurement bill sparks corruption concerns, warns IPPR

The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) has raised alarms about the government’s proposed procurement bill, warning that it could inadvertently create loopholes for corruption if not carefully revised. The IPPR’s report argues that certain provisions may reduce oversight and transparency in public spending, particularly in state contracts. Civil society organisations have echoed these concerns, urging the government to consult widely before finalising the bill. The Ministry of Finance, however, maintains that the legislation will modernise procurement systems and improve efficiency. The debate highlights a growing public demand for accountability as Namibia continues to reform its governance frameworks.

ECN awards 2025 election ballot paper contract to South African firm

The Electoral Commission of Namibia (ECN) has awarded the 2025 national election ballot paper printing contract to a South African firm, a decision that has generated both interest and scrutiny. The ECN explained that the choice followed a transparent tender process and that the selected company demonstrated the capacity to meet security and delivery standards. Critics, however, have questioned the reliance on a foreign firm for such a sensitive task, suggesting that the government should prioritise local capability development. The ECN has defended its decision, assuring the public that all necessary measures will be taken to guarantee electoral integrity and efficiency.

In response to a private jet controversy, veteran opposition leader Paul Bérenger condemned what he described as “amateurism” and a lack of strict oversight by Mauritian authorities. Bérenger questioned how a high-profile individual fleeing a political crisis could enter the country without immediate checks and transparency from government agencies. He also called for tighter aviation, customs, and immigration regulations to prevent such lapses in the future. According to Bérenger, the event reveals a worrying absence of accountability and coordination within Mauritius’ administrative systems.

Mauritius marks 23 years of autonomy with a call for unity and good governance

Mauritius celebrated 23 years of autonomy, and the presidential message delivered a strong appeal for national unity and ethical leadership. The speech highlighted the values of “unity, inclusiveness, and transparency” as cornerstones of the nation’s continued success. The president emphasised that “alone we go faster, together we go further,” urging citizens and leaders alike to strengthen the country’s social fabric and democratic institutions. The commemoration served as both a celebration and a reminder of the challenges that lie ahead.

Creole language to make history in Parliament

The Speaker of the National Assembly has announced that an interim report on introducing the Creole language in Parliament will soon be submitted. The move represents a historic shift in Mauritius’s legislative tradition, acknowledging the language spoken by the majority of Mauritians as a key element of national identity. Advocates for the policy argue that allowing Creole in parliamentary proceedings would promote accessibility, representation, and transparency in governance. It would also mark an important milestone in decolonising public institutions and affirming local linguistic pride.

Businessman close to Madagascar’s president flees to Mauritius amid political turmoil

Mauritius has found itself entangled in a regional controversy after a businessman reportedly close to Malagasy President Andry Rajoelina fled Madagascar and landed in the island nation aboard a private jet. The man’s unexpected arrival has stirred political debate, particularly as Madagascar continues to face unrest and growing calls for transparency within its government. Authorities in Mauritius are said to be investigating the circumstances surrounding his arrival, with local media questioning how the private jet was cleared to land.

The Malian Armed Forces (FAMa) have reported significant victories against terrorist groups in operations across Ménaka, Sikasso, and Zantiguila. According to military statements, dozens of militants were neutralised and weapons caches seized in coordinated air and ground offensives. The operations form part of a broader strategy to restore state control over northern and central regions long plagued by insurgency. The government has hailed the offensives as proof of FAMa’s growing capacity to conduct independent counterterrorism operations following the withdrawal of foreign troops. Analysts, however, caution that sustaining such gains will require stabilising governance and rebuilding trust with local communities affected by years of violence.

Launch of nationwide hydrocarbons control and awareness mission

The Malian Ministry of Mines, Energy, and Water has launched a comprehensive hydrocarbons control and awareness mission across Bamako and regional centres. The initiative seeks to ensure compliance with fuel quality standards, monitor distribution networks, and prevent illicit practices in the petroleum sector. Officials emphasised that the campaign also aims to educate consumers on fuel efficiency and environmental impact. This move follows public complaints about irregularities in fuel pricing and quality, which have contributed to economic hardship. The government’s proactive stance reflects its broader push for energy sector reform and transparency amid fiscal constraints and rising global oil prices.

Mali and Hungary deepen diplomatic cooperation

Mali and Hungary have announced a renewed phase of diplomatic cooperation, focusing on education, defence, and economic development. The Malian Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed that new agreements were signed to facilitate student exchanges, military training programs, and agricultural partnerships. Hungarian officials expressed interest in supporting Mali’s post-conflict reconstruction and counterterrorism efforts through technical assistance. The collaboration is seen as part of Mali’s broader strategy to diversify its international partnerships beyond traditional Western allies, reflecting Bamako’s pivot toward a more multipolar foreign policy. Observers believe the partnership could bring tangible benefits if accompanied by transparent governance and mutual accountability.

CNT president decries economic isolation and pledges resilience against terrorism

Colonel Malick Diaw, president of Mali’s National Transitional Council (CNT), delivered a defiant address at the opening of the October 2025 parliamentary session, declaring that while “they want to suffocate us economically, terrorism will be defeated.” His remarks underscored Mali’s determination to resist international economic pressure while pursuing self-reliance in security and development. Diaw emphasised the importance of national unity and resource transparency to rebuild the economy amid sanctions and regional isolation. His speech received widespread attention as Mali continues to balance military campaigns against jihadist groups with the need to restore democratic governance and financial stability.

Mali–Mauritania dialogue relaunched to ease cross-border tensions

Diplomatic efforts between Mali and Mauritania have resumed as both governments seek to overcome recent tensions linked to cross-border security operations and trade disputes. Officials from Bamako and Nouakchott held talks aimed at strengthening cooperation in counterterrorism, migration control, and regional commerce. The relaunch of dialogue marks a positive shift following months of strained relations fueled by mutual accusations of border violations. Both sides have expressed optimism about building mechanisms for joint patrols and conflict resolution, signalling a renewed commitment to peace and partnership in the Sahel region.

The Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP) has called on the authorities to ensure that its upcoming mass rally proceeds without obstruction , describing it as a peaceful exercise of democratic rights amid an increasingly charged political climate. The rally, expected to draw thousands from across the atolls, is being organised to protest what the MDP calls “erosion of institutional independence” and “selective application of justice.” The party has urged the government and police to uphold constitutional freedoms, warning that attempts to disrupt the event would deepen political divisions. Analysts see the rally as a crucial test of public sentiment ahead of local elections and as a reflection of the widening rift between the ruling coalition and the main opposition.

MDP launches campaign demanding release of Lootuvaifi rally detainees

The MDP has launched a nationwide campaign demanding the immediate release of detainees arrested during the earlier Lootuvaifi rally, where dozens were taken into custody amid allegations of excessive police force. The campaign combines street demonstrations with a digital outreach strategy aimed at international human rights organisations. Party leaders argue that the arrests were politically motivated and form part of a broader pattern of suppression against opposition voices. The government, in response, has defended the arrests as necessary for maintaining public order. The situation has reignited debates over the Maldives’ democratic backsliding, with activists calling for judicial oversight and accountability in handling political protests.

ECM schedules 25 October referendum to decide governance of southern islands

The Elections Commission of Maldives (ECM) has announced that a referendum will be held on 25 October to determine the administrative governance of Hulhudhoo, Meedhoo, and Feydhoo. The vote will decide whether these southern islands will remain part of their current administrative structure or be reorganised for improved local governance. The ECM will deploy 18 ballot boxes across the region to ensure full voter participation. Officials say the referendum aims to strengthen local autonomy and address calls for greater representation. Political observers note that this decision comes at a time when the government is emphasising decentralisation as a pillar of its development strategy, even as critics argue that it risks politicising regional administration.

Maldives president demands accountability for Gaza, rejects 'principles for profit'

In a striking foreign policy statement, President Mohamed Muizzu demanded international accountability for the crisis in Gaza, condemning what he described as the global community’s failure to act out of “principles for profit.” Speaking at a regional forum, Muizzu asserted that moral consistency should define international relations, not economic or political convenience. The Maldives has long positioned itself as a vocal advocate for Palestinian rights, and the President’s comments reinforce that stance amid renewed global outrage over escalating civilian casualties. His remarks have been widely shared across social media and have drawn praise domestically for affirming the Maldives’ humanitarian diplomacy.

Revised Foreign Investment Act expands opportunities for local businesses

The Maldives’ revised Foreign Investment Act has been lauded by the Economic Minister as a “milestone reform” that expands opportunities for local entrepreneurs and small businesses. The updated legislation simplifies licensing procedures, increases transparency, and introduces safeguards to ensure that foreign partnerships deliver tangible benefits to local communities. The government says the changes aim to create a more competitive investment environment while preserving national interests. Economic analysts note that this move could help diversify the Maldivian economy beyond tourism by attracting foreign capital into technology, fisheries, and renewable energy sectors.

In Kenya, youth-led demonstrations have targeted rising costs of living and perceived government negligence, using social media to amplify grievances. The movement dates back to 2024.

Meanwhile in Senegal, young voters played a decisive role in recent elections , pushing for reform and accountability from a political class long seen as distant from everyday struggles.

In Togo, protests have been overtly youth-led and marked by demands for fair elections and political transparency. Analysts say these movements are distinct for their lack of ties to traditional parties or civil society and reflect growing frustration with entrenched rule.

Across the Mediterranean, Morocco’s “GenZ 212” protests have captured global attention . Young demonstrators are demanding economic justice, educational reform, improved healthcare, and an end to corruption, while criticising the government’s investment in infrastructure for international events over core social services.  Clashes have turned deadly in places like Lqliaa, where security forces opened fire on a crowd attempting to storm a gendarmerie post, killing two protesters.

Here are the four key issues driving the movement.

1. Collapse of public healthcare

Protesters say Morocco’s public hospitals are underfunded, overcrowded, and broken. Some described being forced to buy their own bandages and medicines from street sellers because hospitals lacked supplies. Others accused medical staff of exploiting shortages. One demonstrator said, “We are just asking for healthcare, nothing more.”

"I'm a citizen, and all I'm asking for is healthcare and education. If someone goes to Mohammed V Hospital or any hospital, they're told to bring their own medicine. My brother had his leg amputated, and another man tells me to bring bandages and medicine - even though he has them - and wants me to buy them from him. I told him I need the ones he already has, and he told me to get them from the street,” another protestor told Viory.

2. Poor quality of education  

Many protesters blame poor-quality schooling and limited access to good universities for leaving an entire generation unprepared for work. Several said degrees are worthless because qualified graduates cannot find jobs. Placards read, “Failed policies destroy the new generation.” A protestor said, “We want to go to school and actually find quality education. We want to say, 'thank God we're in our country.' We don't want to migrate."

3. Unemployment and lost futures

Youth unemployment remains stubbornly high, and many young Moroccans say they feel forced to consider migration. Protesters demanded a government “made up of the people,” accusing leaders of prioritising politics and wealth over real economic reform.

4. Corruption and inequality

Chants of “people want to bring down corruption” echoed through the streets. Demonstrators accuse officials of mismanaging public funds and enriching elites while ordinary citizens struggle to afford basic needs. The protests have become a rallying cry for freedom and dignity.

While most marches began peacefully, some gatherings turned violent. Morocco’s Interior Ministry reported 263 injured security officers, 23 civilian injuries, and damage to government buildings, banks, and vehicles. Authorities detained nearly 490 people, saying they acted to maintain public safety while protecting citizens’ rights.

“Donald Trump and Republicans have barreled us into a shutdown because they refuse to protect Americans’ health care,” Schumer said. “It’s clear that the way out of this shutdown is to sit down and negotiate with Democrats to address the looming health care crisis that faces tens of millions of American families.”

“Donald Trump, instead of acting like an adult, is threatening to hurt countless hardworking Americans,” Schumer said. “Republicans need to roll up their sleeves, negotiate something real, and reopen the government ,” he added.

The Democratic leader said the GOP-backed continuing resolution (CR), meant to keep the government running, had failed twice in the Senate because it ignored health care needs and refused to fix what he called “the mess Republicans created.” 

“Why are we here on October 1st? Because Republicans have tried to stick us with a partisan CR that fails to protect Americans’ health care and does nothing, nothing, to fix the health care mess they created,” Schumer said.

He also took aim at House Speaker Mike Johnson, saying Republicans were “not even keeping the House in session” as the shutdown hit.

Nigeria’s economic reforms, particularly President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s removal of fuel subsidies and the unification of exchange rates, were intended to stabilise public finances and attract investment. Instead, they have fueled hardship. Inflation hit 34.2% in 2024, the highest in 28 years, while food inflation surged to 40.7% ( National Bureau of Statistics, 2024 ). With one in two Nigerians now living in multidimensional poverty, the country’s vast oil wealth has yet to translate into broad-based development.

Persistent insecurity

Armed groups remain a major destabilising force. Boko Haram, its offshoot ISWAP, and Ansaru continue to wage violence in northern Nigeria. The August 2025 arrest of Ansaru leaders Mahmud Muhammad Usman and Mahmud al-Nigeri was hailed as a turning point, but experts caution that extremist networks are resilient and prone to retaliatory attacks. Kidnapping-for-ransom and farmer-herder clashes further compound insecurity, undermining state authority in vast swathes of the country.

Democratic fragility

Since its return to civilian rule in 1999, Nigeria has struggled with electoral credibility. Nearly every presidential election has ended in legal disputes. Analysts warn that unless the 2027 general elections improve on the contested 2023 polls, Nigeria risks eroding public trust in democracy. Political scientists say this could embolden other West African regimes, already plagued by coups and authoritarian backsliding, to manipulate their own electoral processes.

Fragile social systems

Nigeria’s health and education systems expose the cost of weak governance. The country has one of the world’s highest maternal mortality rates, with 1,047 deaths per 100,000 live births ( WHO, 2023 ). In education, millions of out-of-school children, estimated at 20 million by UNICEF, threaten the future of a youthful population.

Energy and infrastructure gap

Despite its oil reserves, Nigeria’s power sector is one of the least reliable in Africa. Over 85 million people, that is 43% of the population, lack access to grid electricity ( African Development Bank, 2024 ). Power generation averages 4,500 MW for a nation of 228 million, constraining industrialisation and job creation.

A nation at crossroads

Nigeria’s strategic weight is undeniable since it is Africa’s largest economy, the continent’s biggest democracy, and a key security partner to Western powers. Yet its internal crises, rising poverty, governance deficits, and insecurity raise questions about its long-term stability. With over 70% of Nigerians under 30, the country faces a stark choice: either to harness its demographic dividend for growth or allow frustration to fuel instability and unrest.

As Nigeria turns 65, it teeters between resilience and fragility. Whether it tips one way or the other will depend on the government’s ability to turn ambitious reforms into real improvements for ordinary citizens.

This paints a picture of a region where safety is a daily concern. For many outsiders, “Latin America” has become almost synonymous with insecurity.

Yet, not every nation fits that narrative. Some countries are breaking the stereotype, combining stronger institutions, lower levels of organised crime, and robust governance to offer a more secure environment for residents, investors, and travellers.

Drawing on data from Global Citizen Solutions , World Visualized highlights Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Ecuador as the safest places to live in South America, based on homicide rates per 100,000 inhabitants.

Chile leads with just 4.4 homicides per 100,000 people , followed by Argentina (5.0), Uruguay (8.0), Paraguay (8.7), and Ecuador (14.0), all of which are well below the regional average of roughly 18.

Although Ecuador has, in the last few years made headlines for gang violence, it still stands out as a rare example of relative peace and stability.

These security rankings arrive as Argentina, one of the safest countries on the list, is at the centre of major economic developments. The World Bank recently announced that it will accelerate support for the country with up to $4 billion in funding, targeting sectors such as infrastructure, energy, and supply chains.

At the same time, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent confirmed talks over a potential $20 billion currency swap line , fueling a rally in Argentine bonds and a strengthening of the peso.

Chile and Uruguay, meanwhile, continue to position themselves as havens of economic predictability. Despite a massive blackout earlier this year that tested Chile’s infrastructure resilience, the country remains one of the region’s most investor-friendly markets.

For expats and travellers, this means these nations are among the best bets for a secure life in the region, provided one pays attention to local variations.

For investors, it signals environments where property rights are protected and contracts are enforceable, crucial ingredients for long-term growth.

His address marks a symbolic return. It is reported that this is the first time in ten years that an Indonesian president has delivered remarks at the UN General Assembly.

According to a visual breakdown of his address, he allocated:

Prabowo’s emphasis on multilateralism aligns squarely with ongoing debates within the United Nations about reform, relevance, and financial sustainability.

In fact, UN Secretary-General António Guterres launched the “UN80 Initiative” early this year to modernise and revitalise the organisation amid funding cuts and institutional criticisms.

Additionally, in September 2025, the first Biennial Summit between the UN and International Financial Institutions took place, aiming to deepen coordination between the UN and bodies such as the IMF and World Bank as a clear sign that the multilateral architecture is under active review.

Guterres has also repeatedly called for a multipolar world order and stronger multilateralism, including during the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Tianjin.

Focus on Palestine, human rights and Indonesia’s vision

Beyond institutional questions, Prabowo devoted 22% of his speech to the Palestinian cause, the Gaza conflict, and support for the two-state solution. That is consistent with Indonesia’s long-standing foreign policy posture on Palestine.

Another 20% was reserved to highlight Indonesia’s development model and leadership role in the Global South. This is part of a broader narrative which highlights that under Prabowo’s presidency, Indonesia has rejoined BRICS as a full member, signalling a pivot toward South–South cooperation and a more assertive role in global governance.

The 16% allocated to human rights, dignity, and historical struggles speaks to Indonesia’s attempt to claim moral legitimacy in the international arena, invoking past experiences of colonisation, struggle for independence, and social justice.

Smaller but meaningful shares went to humanitarian appeals (8%) and interfaith or spiritual invocations (5%). These show that Prabowo also sought to appeal to global conscience and moral authority, particularly in a context of conflicts, refugee crises, and religious pluralism.

In a notable international development, U.S. Senator Ted Cruz officiated the signing of a USTDA grant agreement with Terra Metals Inc. and Metalex Commodities to support Zambia’s Kazozo Copper–Cobalt Project. While the project is located in Zambia, Bhutanese observers are watching closely as such initiatives influence global commodity prices and the critical minerals market, sectors that indirectly affect Bhutan’s trade balance and its own aspirations to diversify its economy beyond hydropower.

biBerk offers guidance on storm damage insurance

Business insurance provider biBerk has published detailed insights on preparing for storm damage, emphasising the steps businesses should take before and after severe weather events. Bhutan’s policymakers and private sector stakeholders have been increasingly interested in risk-mitigation tools as the country faces intensifying monsoon seasons and climate change–related disasters, making this guidance particularly relevant to local enterprises and insurers.

THREE business insurance outlines risk management essentials

Another major development in the business sector is THREE Business Insurance’s release of a comprehensive guide on risk management, business insurance essentials, and common mistakes to avoid. This comes at a time when Bhutan is pushing to strengthen its SME sector as part of its economic recovery and modernisation strategy, underscoring the need for robust risk protection mechanisms.

Rule of law as a foundation for governance reform

A key policy discussion this week focused on the necessity of adhering to international rule of law standards to create a fair and transparent governance system. For Bhutan, which is known for its constitutional monarchy and Gross National Happiness framework, the conversation reinforces its ongoing judicial and administrative reforms aimed at strengthening public trust and aligning with global norms.

Bhutan engages in the 3rd Indo-Pacific economic conclave

Bhutan participated in the 3rd Indo-Pacific Economic Conclave, underscoring its growing engagement with regional and global economic forums. The discussions at the conclave covered trade facilitation, infrastructure development, and strategies for sustainable growth in the Indo-Pacific region. For Bhutan, participation in such events is critical to integrating its small but strategically located economy into wider economic corridors.

“Sadly, if you look at all the resolutions from page one to the last page, where the resolution required an update from the Vice President, none of them were forthcoming,” Mbowe told lawmakers, adding, “This is one of the clearest evidences that parliamentary resolutions are not respected by the executive.”

At the centre of MPs’ anger is the fate of over $1.7 million (D137 million) in COVID-19 relief funds overseen by the National Disaster Management Agency (NDMA), which falls under the Vice President’s office. FPAC’s report also flagged more than $1.3 million (D100 million) in undelivered food items and $480,000 (D37 million) in missing oil supplies meant for struggling Gambian families during the pandemic.

“This happened at the most trying time for our people . Some civil servants were receiving only half salaries, while public officers played with millions meant to feed the nation. Yet the Vice President has not updated this Assembly,” Mbowe said. 

Lawmakers also cited other unresolved issues under the Vice President’s remit, including:

$234,000 (D18 million) in unretired imprest; $117,000 (D9 million) in fraudulent withdrawals from sub-treasuries; missing government vehicles and concerns over shady contracts at the National Environment Agency and foreign missions.

Lamin Ceesay, Member for Kiang West, accused the Vice President of showing “executive contempt” by ignoring parliamentary oversight. “How can the Vice President ignore corruption of this scale and not even give a reason? It is unacceptable,” he said.

Lawmakers warned that the continued silence from the Vice President’s office risks eroding public trust in the Assembly’s authority and undermining constitutional checks and balances. 

The coalition includes prominent organisations such as Activista, the Gambia National Youth Parliament, Team Gom Sa Bopa, the Solo Sandeng Foundation, Think Young Women, and the Kenya Human Rights Commission, among others.

The activists noted the removal came on September 15, International Day of Democracy, calling it a bitter irony. “On a day meant to honour freedom, justice and dignity, the Government instead chose to undermine constitutionalism and attack the foundations of democracy in The Gambia,” Dibba said.

They stressed that Gambia’s democracy is still fragile, less than a decade after the fall of Yahya Jammeh’s two-decade dictatorship. “The bitter irony is that the very individual who benefited most from the people ’s rejection of dictatorship, President Adama Barrow, is now dismantling the same democratic order that brought him to power,” Dibba declared.

Why is the removal unlawful?

According to the 1997 Constitution and the National Audit Office Act of 2015, an Auditor General can only be removed under four conditions : completion of a nine-year tenure, voluntary resignation, attainment of retirement age, or proven incapacity or misconduct confirmed by a tribunal or medical board.

None of these conditions applied, the coalition said, accusing Barrow of deliberately bypassing constitutional safeguards. “This is not a mistake or a misunderstanding. It is a deliberate and calculated assault on accountability, transparency and democratic governance,” Dibba said. The civil society groups warned that if the unlawful interference is allowed to stand, it could set a dangerous precedent, threatening the independence of other independent state institutions.

“Pending the hearing and determination of this petition, a conservatory order is hereby issued forbidding and or preventing the forwarding of the Constitution of Kenya Amendment Bill to the President for assent. If assented to, the same shall not take effect until the petition is heard and determined,” the judge is quoted by Nation.Africa .

What the Bill seeks to do

The Bill, co-sponsored by MPs Otiende Amollo (Rarieda) and Samuel Chepkonga (Ainabkoi), aims to enshrine the National Government Constituencies Development Fund (NG-CDF), the Senate Oversight Fund (SOF), and the National Government Affirmative Action Fund (NG-AAF) into the Constitution.

The Bill sailed through the National Assembly with overwhelming support, with 304 MPs voting in favour at Second Reading and 298 at Third Reading, clearing the two-thirds threshold. It is currently before the Senate for debate and approval. 

Why did the court step in?

Several civil society groups, including the Katiba Institute, the Kenya Human Rights Commission, and Transparency International, challenged the Bill. They argued that Parliament was amending the Constitution without first passing a referendum law, despite Article 255(1) requiring some amendments to be subjected to a public vote.

The petitioners also faulted lawmakers for attempting to constitutionalise the NG-CDF despite it having been declared unconstitutional three times - by the High Court, Court of Appeal, and Supreme Court - for violating the principle of separation of powers.

“The Bill contains provisions that will need to be approved in a referendum. Therefore, Parliament should be compelled to enact a referendum law, which it has failed to do for the past 14 years,” Katiba Institute argued.

However, the Attorney-General, the Director of Public Prosecutions, and the National Assembly opposed the petitions, insisting the court had no jurisdiction and that the lawmaking process was within Parliament’s powers. 

The Maldives government strongly denounced Israel’s plan to seize control of Gaza, calling it a violation of international humanitarian law. Officials reiterated support for Palestinian self-determination and urged the global community to act decisively.

Thulhaadhoo Airport project back on track

President Dr. Mohamed Muizzu acknowledged an 18-month delay in the Thulhaadhoo Airport project, citing financial arrangements as the main cause. He assured residents that construction will now move forward without further interruptions.

Abdul Ghani Mohamed sworn in as Chief Justice

The Maldives has a new Chief Justice, Abdul Ghani Mohamed, whom Parliament unanimously approved. He succeeds Ahmed Muthasim Adnan, who recently retired.

Decentralisation Act amendments trigger backlash

Over 80 local councils opposed proposed amendments to the Decentralisation Act, claiming the changes would weaken local governance and democratic aspirations. Former President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih pledged to restore council powers if his party regains leadership.

Customs scandal over vape products linked to minister’s son

A high-profile scandal emerged after Maldives Customs detained Abdulla Mahil Shaheem, son of the Minister of Islamic Affairs, for attempting to import banned vape products. The case has raised serious questions about potential government involvement in illicit trade.

Seven countries do not identify as democracies: Afghanistan, Brunei, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Vatican City.

The non-democratic nations explained

According to Freedom House , 2024 marked the 19th consecutive year of decline in global freedom, with more countries sliding toward authoritarianism than toward democracy. Similarly, the Economist Intelligence Unit’s Democracy Index now classifies 60 regimes as authoritarian, underscoring the rise of authoritarian regimes in 2024.

Here are the seven contenders to watch:

Samuel Doria Medina

At 66, centre-right social democrat Samuel Doria Medina is one of Bolivia’s richest men and a familiar face in presidential politics. He has run for the top job three times before, in 2005, 2009, and 2014, without success. Owner of hotel chains and the country’s Burger King franchise, Doria Medina is positioning himself as a pro-business alternative. Polls put him in front as the election approaches.

Jorge ‘Tuto’ Quiroga

Jorge Quiroga , 65, is no stranger to Bolivia’s highest office, having served as president from 2001 to 2002. He began his political career as vice president to Hugo Banzer, the former dictator who returned to power via the ballot box in 1997. A right-wing politician with decades in public service, Quiroga’s résumé includes terms as president of Congress, finance minister, and leader of the opposition. He is known for his ties to international policy circles, including a stint as a Woodrow Wilson Scholar.

Andrónico Rodríguez

At 36, Andrónico Rodríguez is the youngest major contender and the only leftist leading in the polls. A cocalero activist, political scientist, and trade unionist, he serves as president of the Senate and is vice president of Evo Morales’ coca-farming union. Running under the Alianza Popular ticket, Rodríguez represents a younger generation of Movement for Socialism (MAS)-aligned politicians seeking to retain the party’s influence.

Eduardo del Castillo

Carlos Eduardo del Castillo del Carpio served as Bolivia’s Minister of Interior from 2020 to May 2025. Known for his hardline security policies, he is the official candidate for MAS in this election. The 36-year-old lawyer by training, Del Castillo’s candidacy signals MAS’s intent to rally its base while appealing to voters concerned about public order.   

Eva Copa

Eva Copa, 38, shook Bolivia’s political scene in 2021 when she won the mayorship of El Alto, the country’s second-largest city, defeating her former party, MAS. She is running with the National Renovation Movement (Morena). A former president of the Senate and senator for La Paz, Copa is seen as a symbol of political independence and grassroots strength.

Manfred Reyes Villa

Manfred Reyes Villa is 70 years old and a seasoned political figure and the current mayor of Cochabamba. He previously served in the same role in the 1990s before a high-profile conviction in absentia in 2013 for “anti-economic conduct” related to a highway project. Despite legal controversies, he staged a political comeback in 2021, winning the mayoralty with 55% of the vote. He is running on the Autonomía Para Bolivia ticket. 

Rodrigo Paz Pereira

Rodrigo Paz Pereira, 58, is running with the Partido Demócrata Cristiano (Christian Democratic Party). He has served as senator for Tarija since 2020 and previously as mayor of the city from 2015 to 2020. The son of former president Jaime Paz Zamora, his political career spans nearly two decades, including roles in the Chamber of Deputies and as president of the Tarija Municipal Council.

The event was part of her first official tour since taking office.

While some saw her outfit as modern and relatable, others criticised it as too casual for a public official. Photos shared online quickly triggered mixed reactions, with some educators and social media users saying the outfit was not suitable for a minister.

In response, Ms Narumon defended her decision, saying the event was informal and held over the weekend.

“It wasn’t a formal event. I wanted to create an easygoing atmosphere where I could engage directly with teachers and students,” she was quoted by local media .

She added that local officials chose to wear formal clothing on their own and that she had not set any dress code.

The minister said casual outfits should be acceptable on weekends and public holidays, and called for the public to focus on education rather than clothing.

Deputy government spokesman Anukul Pruksanusak also stepped in to defend her, saying Ms Narumon dressed in a way that matched the setting and encouraged a friendly environment.

“She has always dressed appropriately for the occasion. Let’s focus on her work,” he said.

Opposition parties in Malawi, including the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and United Transformation Movement (UTM), are set to file a lawsuit against the Malawi Electoral Commission (MEC) for allegedly refusing to allow an independent audit of the voting system ahead of the 2025 General Elections. The opposition argues that a comprehensive audit is essential for transparency and electoral credibility. They warn that MEC’s resistance could erode public trust and violate electoral laws, especially in light of Malawi's landmark 2020 Constitutional Court ruling emphasising fair and transparent elections. The lawsuit seeks to compel MEC to open both electronic and manual systems to technical and financial audits. Legal experts suggest the case could set a precedent for electoral governance in Malawi.

Malawi court strikes down criminal defamation law

Malawi’s Constitutional Court has declared the country’s criminal defamation law unconstitutional , ending the threat of jail for individuals accused of damaging reputations. Previously outlined in Section 200 of the Penal Code, the law had faced widespread criticism for suppressing free speech. The court ruled that defamation should be handled through civil, not criminal, proceedings. Legal experts and press advocates hailed the decision as a major win for freedom of expression. Journalist Kondwani Nyamasauka called it a “breakthrough,” while lawyer Ayuba James said it affirms that safeguarding speech outweighs punitive defamation laws.

Authority targets 10,000 hectare expansion to spur Malawi’s growth

The Greenbelt Authority (GBA) is ramping up efforts to revitalise Malawi’s agriculture through commercial irrigation. CEO Eric Dudley Chidzungu says the agency is rehabilitating underused government farms to improve food security and drive economic growth. With a focus on high-value crops and large-scale irrigation, GBA has already cultivated 200 hectares of maize in Salima this year, producing over 800 metric tonnes. Plans are underway to expand to 400–500 hectares in the rainy season. Revamp efforts are also targeting districts like Mangochi, Nkhotakota, Karonga, Salima, and Chikwawa, aiming to boost productivity and improve farmer livelihoods.

Malawi’s land reforms win global recognition

The Ministry of Lands has highlighted progress in land reform during an engagement with pioneer land clerks in Blantyre. Principal Secretary Davie Chilonga emphasised the impact of the 2016 Customary Land Act, which allows smallholder farmers to convert customary land to registered private land, enhancing tenure security and investment potential. These reforms aim to improve land access, governance, and economic development. Chilonga also revealed that Madagascar will send officials to learn from Malawi's success, signalling growing international recognition. The ministry continues to refine reforms to secure livelihoods and boost rural productivity.

Tourism minister urges Malawians to promote local content

Tourism Minister Vera Kamtukule has called on Malawians to promote local content as a key driver of national development. Speaking at the USF Local Digital Content Creators Showcase in Lilongwe, she stressed the need for more storytelling in local languages and praised the rise of young creators. Kamtukule urged the youth to use affordable data to produce impactful content that can elevate Malawi's presence across Africa and beyond. Five new creators received grants during the event, reflecting the government's support for the creative industry. She emphasised that showcasing Malawi’s unique culture can boost tourism and attract investment, aiding economic growth.

Zerbo defended the reform as necessary to reclaim "sovereign control on the electoral process and at the same time limit foreign influences."

In place of the independent electoral commission, the country's interior ministry will take over all forms of future elections.

The electoral commission’s removal marks yet another pivot in the junta’s way of governing.

Having staged coups in January 2022 and again in September of the same year, the military was originally meant to hand over power by July 2024. However, a new charter now lets Capt. Ibrahim Traoré remain in office until July 2029.

This power grab pattern is not unique to Burkina Faso. Across West Africa, military regimes in nations like Mali and Niger have tightened control , often citing civilian governments’ failure to address escalating cost-of-living troubles, as well as Islamist insurgencies .

With the interior ministry taking over elections, can future results ever claim democratic legitimacy?

Since gaining independence from France in 1960, Burkina Faso has experienced at least nine military overthrows . These coups began in 1966 and most recently in 2022, which leaves a legacy of continued instability.

Since 2022, Burkina Faso has been under military rule following two successive coups driven by frustration over the government’s failure to curb escalating Islamist insurgencies.

The first coup, in January 2022, saw Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Damiba take power from civilian ruler Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, only to be overthrown eight months later by Captain Ibrahim Traoré, who accused Damiba of similar failures.

Traoré, then just 34 years old, suspended the constitution and dissolved the legislature, positioning himself as a revolutionary figure in the image of Thomas Sankara, while promising to restore security and sovereignty.

Despite promises of national revival, Burkina Faso’s humanitarian and security crises have worsened. Over 60% of the country is under threat from armed Islamist groups, more than 2 million people are displaced, and civil liberties are shrinking under military censorship.

While many citizens initially welcomed military intervention as a solution to instability, there is growing concern that the regime is replicating a familiar cycle where coups are justified by insecurity, but ultimately lead to greater authoritarianism and democratic erosion.

Gulf monarchies lead with astronomical salaries

At the top of the chart, Saudi Arabia’s head of state stands out with a huge $9.6 billion annual salary. Not far behind is the United Arab Emirates (UAE) at $4.61 billion, followed by Kuwait with $165 million and Monaco at $52 million. These figures, mostly from oil-rich monarchies or high-net-worth microstates, dwarf the salaries of leaders in Western democracies.

While these figures include personal income drawn from state budgets or royal assets, they highlight the extravagance of governance in certain wealthy autocratic regimes.

According to World Population Review, these countries also rank among the highest in GDP per capita, yet face growing scrutiny for income inequality and lack of transparency.

Western democracies: High salaries with higher accountability

Among traditional democracies, the United States' president earns $400,000 annually, while leaders in Switzerland ($507,000), Ireland ($401,000), and Austria ($378,000) also receive relatively high compensation. These salaries often come with strict oversight, public audits, and full disclosure of financial records.

Canada’s Prime Minister receives $290,000, and Australia’s and Spain’s heads of state earn $354,000 and $304,000, respectively. These earnings are often aligned with the cost of living and economic output, although public debates about leadership compensation persist, especially during times of inflation or budget cuts.

Mid-range earners

The middle of the spectrum includes countries like:

These leaders command significant authority, yet their salaries reflect an attempt to balance governance costs with public expectations. In nations with developing economies, such figures are still perceived as luxurious, occasionally sparking criticism amid high poverty or unemployment rates.

The lowest-paid heads of state

At the bottom end, salaries are strikingly low:

These figures raise important questions. In some cases, such as China, the head of state may receive additional unlisted benefits or have access to vast indirect power and resources. In others, like Ukraine, the modest salary may reflect fiscal constraints due to ongoing conflict and economic hardship.

Ghana has completed its first sale of carbon credits under the Paris Agreement’s Article 6.2 mechanism. The project , spearheaded by Spark+ and Envirofit, involved distributing improved cookstoves across Ghana, which significantly reduce carbon emissions compared to traditional methods. Switzerland, through the KliK Foundation, purchased these credits, which means the emission reductions generated in Ghana will be counted towards Switzerland's national climate targets.

National airline revival

The Ghanaian government is actively engaging TAP Portugal to revive the defunct national carrier. This move is part of a strategic initiative to re-establish Ghana as a regional aviation hub and increase trade, tourism, and connectivity within West Africa and beyond. Discussions with TAP Portugal include possible technical partnerships and even equity participation, highlighting the government's desire to ensure sustainability and competitiveness in the aviation sector. A revived airline could also create jobs, improve export logistics, and enhance Ghana’s soft power globally.

Fuel allowances scrapped for public leaders

In a bold reform, President John Dramani Mahama has announced the complete abolition of fuel allowances for cabinet ministers and political appointees. The government will no longer provide free fuel or allowances for official and private vehicle use by appointed leaders. This move is expected to reduce government expenditure, promote fiscal discipline, and support Ghana’s transition to sustainable energy use. It also aligns with broader public expectations for transparency and efficiency in governance, especially as fuel costs remain a major economic pressure point.

Rollout of fuel levy

As part of its ongoing efforts to rescue the energy sector from financial instability, Ghana's government has rolled out a GH₵1 (USD 0.096) per litre levy on petrol and diesel. This new charge is designed to raise funds to support power sector reforms, clear legacy debts, and ensure a reliable electricity supply. The levy is expected to contribute significantly to the Energy Sector Recovery Programme, which faces challenges such as rising generation costs, arrears to independent power producers, and infrastructure deficits.

France and Ghana progress on €2.5 billion debt restructuring deal

Ghana and France are advancing negotiations on a €2.5 billion bilateral debt restructuring agreement, which forms part of Ghana’s broader effort to stabilise its macroeconomic framework and meet IMF reform expectations. The deal seeks to extend payment timelines and possibly reduce debt servicing burdens, offering Ghana breathing room amid high public debt and inflation. France’s willingness to engage bilaterally demonstrates confidence in Ghana’s recovery trajectory and strengthens bilateral ties between the two nations.

At 92, Cameroon’s President Paul Biya has announced his bid for an eighth term in the October 12 election, aiming to extend his 43-year rule. In a post on X, Biya cited “insistent calls” from citizens to run again. In power since 1982, he scrapped term limits in 2008 and has never lost an election. His bid comes amid growing criticism over alleged corruption, embezzlement, and poor governance. If re-elected, Biya would remain in office until nearly 100.

Cameroon’s economic update: Harnessing forests and natural wealth for sustainable growth

The World Bank has released its 2025 Cameroon Economic Update, titled “Cameroon’s Green Gold: Unlocking the Value of Forests and Natural Capital.” The report emphasises sustainable forest and resource management as drivers of inclusive, resilient growth, while offering a detailed analysis of recent economic trends and outlook. In 2024, Cameroon’s GDP grew by 3.5% (up from 3.2% in 2023), boosted by cocoa prices, cotton yields, and power supply improvements. Inflation dropped sharply from 7.4% to 4.5%, aided by tighter monetary policy and price controls. The current account deficit narrowed to 3.4% of GDP, though the fiscal deficit widened to 1.5% due to rising expenditures and weaker revenues. Public debt inched up to 46.8%, mainly from external borrowing.

Société Générale signs agreement with Cameroon to sell Société Générale Cameroun

Société Générale has agreed to sell its 58.08% stake in Société Générale Cameroun to the State of Cameroon, which would raise its ownership to 83.68%. The state will assume all operations, clients, and employees of the subsidiary. The deal, pending regulatory approval, is expected to close by end-2025 and boost Societe Generale’s CET1 ratio by about 6 basis points.

Cameroon LGBTQI groups host "impactful" cultural event

On July 3, Yaoundé’s Kyriakides Park came alive with “Spectacle Culturel,” a vibrant event celebrating diversity in the arts under the theme “For an inclusive and non-discriminatory artistic environment.” Organised by the Unity platform, a coalition of 39 civil society groups, and coordinated by CAMFAIDS, the show featured theatre, music, slam, and dance to highlight LGBTQI rights and fight stigma in the cultural sector. Unity president Michel Engama stressed the event’s goal to amplify silenced voices, while CAMFAIDS' Ebenezer Munkam called it a vital step toward building a more inclusive and equitable artistic world in Cameroon.

Cameroon priest says synodality counters ‘nauseating’ politics

In sharp contrast to the “nauseating” and divisive nature of Cameroon’s electoral politics, Father Humphrey Tatah Mbuy is calling for a renewed focus on synodality, a path rooted in unity, listening, and inclusion, as the nation prepares for its 2025 elections and Jubilee Year of Hope. Mbuy described synodality as a “spiritual renewal” that prioritises truth, honesty, and fraternity, unlike election tactics marked by manipulation and exclusion. He noted the challenge facing Christian politicians caught between political strategy and the Church’s call for inclusive, Christ-centred leadership. As both politics and the Church demand action in 2025, Mbuy stressed that synodality offers a hopeful alternative where “no one is left behind” in building a unified people of God.

One of the biggest changes comes through the new Teachers’ Law, which recognises educators across public and private schools as professionals and places their salaries at the top of the public-sector pay scale.

For the first time, teachers in private schools will be treated equally with public school teachers in terms of rights and status.

The law also gives teachers more room to take part in scientific research and innovation, and promises housing, health and hardship allowances.

The revised Law on Employment expands job support to all workers aged 15 and above, including those without formal contracts.

It also covers people who are currently unemployed and includes updated rules on job training, labour registration and unemployment insurance.

Tax reforms are also on the way.

A new Law on Special Consumption Tax adds sugary soft drinks and larger air conditioners to the list of taxable goods, while updating rules on exemptions for exports and transport-related items.

The revised Corporate Income Tax law changes the rules for what qualifies as taxable income and offers incentives for innovation and green development.

The new Law on Chemicals introduces stricter safety controls and promotes the sustainable growth of Vietnam’s chemical industry.

It simplifies paperwork for businesses and aims to prevent harm to the public and the environment .

Other reforms include stricter rules on online advertising, better oversight of state-owned companies, new support for energy efficiency, and a restructured State Budget Law that gives more financial independence to local governments.

A committee has been set up to review how decisions are made about state funerals, which are usually reserved for top public figures.

The decision comes after strong criticism about how much taxpayers are spending on such events.

Local media say the government spent more than 38 million Namibian dollars, around $2.2 million, on state funerals in just one year.

This is a big jump from two years ago, when 23 funerals cost about 2.1 million Namibian dollars. Most of the recent costs were linked to the funeral of Namibia’s first president, Sam Nujoma, who died in February at age 95.

Nearly 30 million Namibian dollars were spent on transporting his body across the country.

While the government has not directly said money is the reason for the suspension, many Namibians have been calling for the country to spend more carefully.

These calls began during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the economy was under pressure.

The new review is expected to find ways to honour national figures without spending so much.

According to Punch Nigeria, over 1,043 people have died from violence between May 2023 and May 2025.

Global South World sought to understand the gravity of the impact and what steps have been taken so far to address these dastardly acts through an interaction with Nigerian journalist, Segun Adewole.

Just like many locals in the country, Segun believes that at least 200 people were killed from this treachery which received global attention.

According to the journalist, several measures like doubling the weapons of security personnel as well as dialogue on security are in place to tackle the insecurity menace in the country.

However, efforts at dialogue seem to be producing nothing as security forces appear overwhelmed by the consistent loss of lives in the line of duty.

“How can they go to Benue State and kill people? Killed 200 people and no police could come and do something about it. They went to Benue, killed 200 people. For 2 days, they operated, and the police could not go there. Yet we have the military, we have the army, the navy, the police, the NSCDC, and different security agencies. That shows that there's something wrong somewhere,” Segun said. 

This, Segun also attributes to a problem in the governing structure of the country.

“No matter who becomes president, if Trump should come into Nigeria, with the kind of structure we have right now, he won't be able to succeed because the structure is not created for success,” he added.

Away from the boiling insecurity, the ordinary Nigerian seems to be getting some respite from the new tax measures President Bola Ahmed Tinubu has signed into law.

In a statement , the president said “The tax reforms will protect low-income households and support workers by expanding their disposable income.”

During the discussion, Segun explained that workers or individuals earning less than a million naira ($653.41) are exempt from paying taxes.

“The tax reforms signed into law, they affect the ordinary citizen, the ordinary man on the streets, because right about now, I think there's a portion that says if you are earning less than a million naira you won't, you'll be exempted from tax. That is one good thing because how can I be earning something little and I'm, I'll still be required to pay tax? So, the payment of tax would be for those earning above 1 million naira and the majority of the populace are earning below 1 million naira, so they are exempted from tax,” he explained.

The new tax laws are: the Nigeria Tax Act , which simplifies taxation by merging rules and scrapping 50+ overlapping taxes; the Tax Administration Act , which standardises tax collection nationwide; the Nigeria Revenue Service Act , replacing FIRS with the independent NRS; and the Joint Revenue Board Act , which boosts coordination and creates a Tax Ombudsman and Appeal Tribunal.

Watch the discussion attached to this story.