Adopted by world leaders in 2015, the 17 SDGs aim to end extreme poverty and hunger, expand access to clean water and sanitation, ensure quality education and tackle climate change by the end of the decade.

ESCAP described the findings as a “stark contradiction”: while millions have been lifted out of poverty and access to electricity has expanded rapidly, environmental pressures are intensifying and inequality remains entrenched.

Armida Salsiah Alisjahbana, ESCAP’s Executive Secretary and a UN undersecretary-general, said the growth model that fuelled rapid industrialisation is now undermining the region’s future.

“The very engines of growth that once lifted millions out of poverty and fuelled rapid industrialization are now undermining our future,” she said, urging countries to pursue development that is “smarter, healthier and more just.”

The sharpest setbacks are in environmental goals. Progress on climate action, marine conservation and biodiversity is not only stalling but reversing, the report found.

Where Asia-Pacific is lagging behind

Greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, while the Red List Index shows accelerating species loss. Marine ecosystems are deteriorating, sustainable fisheries are shrinking and freshwater systems are under mounting stress.

Urban resilience is also weakening. Although many governments have adopted disaster risk reduction strategies, the human and economic toll of disasters is increasing, exposing a gap between planning and preparedness.

Health outcomes have improved, with sustained declines in maternal, neonatal and under-five mortality. Income poverty has fallen significantly over the past decades, and near-universal mobile network coverage has supported advances in industry and infrastructure .

However, inequality remains persistent. Labour income shares are declining, labour rights compliance is slipping and informal employment and weak youth job prospects continue to pose challenges. Education access has expanded, but minimum proficiency in reading and mathematics is deteriorating.

While 55% of SDG indicators in Asia-Pacific now have sufficient data for assessment — above the global average — gaps in gender equality and governance data limit policymakers’ ability to track progress among vulnerable groups.

With five years remaining to the 2030 deadline, ESCAP said incremental change will not be enough: “Our current development trajectory is unsustainable, and the window for corrective action is closing rapidly.”

Amsterdam is in the lead, with an impressive 45.9% of its population commuting by bicycle, a testament to the Dutch capital's investment in bike-friendly infrastructure and a culture deeply rooted in cycling.

Not far behind is Copenhagen, where 40% of residents pedal to work daily, solidifying Denmark's reputation as a global leader in sustainable urban mobility.

In Germany, Berlin stands out, with 26.7% of commuters opting for two wheels, reflecting the city's ongoing efforts to enhance cycling lanes and encourage eco-friendly travel .

Meanwhile, Ljubljana (15%) and Helsinki (14%) also showcase their commitment to active transportation , making significant strides in integrating cycling into their urban landscapes.

Further down the list, cities like Vienna (13.1%), Valencia (13%), and Stockholm (12.2%) are making notable efforts to improve cycling accessibility and foster environmentally conscious commuting habits. Dublin (11.9%) and Barcelona (10.9%) round out the top cities, demonstrating the growing popularity of cycling in Southern and Western Europe.

These figures underscore a broader shift towards sustainable urban development, with cities across Europe prioritizing cycling infrastructure to reduce carbon emissions, ease traffic congestion, and promote public health .

As cycling continues to gain momentum, these cities serve as benchmarks for others aiming to build greener, more livable urban spaces.

That’s how much it takes to grow the cotton, process it, and make just one T-shirt. To put that in perspective, that’s roughly the amount of water a person drinks in about two and a half years.

From the moment cotton is planted, it requires regular irrigation, especially in regions with hot, dry climates. After harvesting, water is also used for cleaning, dyeing, and finishing fabrics.

The World Bank reports that fresh water is under growing stress worldwide, with demand expected to exceed supply by 40% as early as 2030.

The Bank’s overview emphasises that water “sustains people, powers economies and jobs, grows food, and supports ecosystems,” yet this vital resource is pushed to its limits.

In countries where cotton is widely grown, such as India, Pakistan, and parts of Africa, this water demand often conflicts with local communities' needs. Over-extraction can deplete rivers and aquifers, worsening droughts and threatening livelihoods.

As fast fashion increases global demand for cheap clothing, water use continues to climb. This makes the industry one of the world's biggest consumers of water worldwide, and one of the key areas where sustainable change could have a real impact.

According to Slashgear , generating just one AI image consumes about 0.011 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity. That might sound small, but it’s roughly the same amount of energy your refrigerator uses in four minutes.

To put it in perspective, a standard fridge running continuously for a full day consumes about 4 kWh, according to EnergySage .

That means every AI-generated picture carries a tangible, if tiny, environmental footprint, one that multiplies quickly when millions of images are created daily across platforms.

While a fridge hums quietly in the background, the servers powering AI models run at massive data centres, drawing electricity from grids that often rely on fossil fuels.

Slashgear notes that a single AI image may require dozens of processing steps from high-performance GPUs, each contributing to that energy cost.

Multiply this by the growing number of users experimenting with tools like Midjourney, DALL·E, or Stable Diffusion, and the numbers add up quickly.

Globally, the conversation around AI’s energy footprint is intensifying. The UN Environment Programme recently highlighted that as AI adoption accelerates, so does its electricity demand, raising concerns about sustainability and carbon emissions.

With major tech companies investing billions into generative AI, the race isn’t just about smarter models anymore; it’s also about greener ones.

According to a state-by-state breakdown of the most popular coffee brand in each U.S. state, Starbucks holds sway across the West and much of the Midwest, while Dunkin’ remains the stronghold of the Northeast and parts of the East Coast.

In a data compiled by ScrapeHero , Starbucks operates more than 16,000 stores across the U.S., far outpacing Dunkin’s 9,500. The Seattle-born coffee giant dominates roughly 37 states, including California, Texas, and Washington — reflecting its West Coast roots and urban appeal.

Meanwhile, Dunkin’, which began in Quincy, Massachusetts, leads in about 13 states, spanning the commuter-heavy corridors of New England and the mid-Atlantic region, including New York , Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts.

The regional split isn’t random. Starbucks built its empire by targeting metropolitan areas and higher-income urban consumers, emphasizing ambiance, consistency, and global reach.

Dunkin’, on the other hand, thrives on speed, affordability, and familiarity, a reflection of its blue-collar New England heritage. As LocationsCloud notes, the chain’s suburban presence and grab-and-go model continue to resonate with morning commuters.

Beyond the big two, a few local contenders have carved out regional dominance. Caribou Coffee, for instance, leads in Minnesota and the Dakotas, a reminder that smaller, homegrown brands still hold sway in the Midwest.

But the map also reflects deeper economic and cultural trends. As coffee habits shift toward specialty drinks and sustainable sourcing, both Starbucks and Dunkin’ are adapting. Starbucks continues to expand globally, experimenting with automated stores and cold beverage menus, while Dunkin’ focuses on speed and value to retain its base.

Meanwhile, upstarts like Dutch Bros Coffee are eyeing expansion into states where neither giant has a strong foothold, a move that could reshape the competitive landscape.

Globally, the timing couldn’t be more relevant. With coffee prices surging and sustainability concerns mounting, major brands are rethinking their supply chains and carbon footprints.

So what’s driving this shift? The answer lies in business models built for scale with minimal internal labour: platforms that rely heavily on creator economies, freelanced talent, algorithmic infrastructure , and minimal fixed overhead.

OnlyFans, for instance, uses roughly 40-50 employees but leverages millions of creators whose fees it takes a cut from, so the “per employee” ratio shoots up.

At the same time, it is not just about having fewer employees. It’s about how revenue is derived: high margin, low fixed cost models.

For companies rooted in manufacturing, retail, or large-scale service models, the employee count (and associated workforce infrastructure) drags down the revenue per head metric, even when total revenues are in the hundreds of billions.

A recent Visual Capitalist chart shows how the world’s largest companies by revenue span from under US $350,000 per employee up to the multi-million range.

This metrics divergence ties directly into ongoing global business trends: the migration from heavy‐asset, labour-intensive operations toward flexible, digital-first models. In a world of remote work, creator economies and platform-driven growth, companies that can minimise internal complexity are showing remarkable productivity per head.

However, effectiveness measured via revenue per employee doesn’t automatically mean systemic fairness or sustainability. As platforms scale via third-party contributors rather than direct employees, questions around working conditions, welfare, benefits and stability arise, which tie into broader regulatory and social debates worldwide.

Malaita Province has unveiled an ambitious roadmap titled Malaita 2026–2030: The Path to Autonomy & Prosperity , signalling a renewed push for greater self-governance and economic independence. The initiative aims to tackle decades of underdevelopment and government neglect, positioning the province to control more of its resources and decision-making processes. The plan emphasises sustainable economic growth, better infrastructure, and local empowerment, marking a pivotal moment in the Solomon Islands’ ongoing discussions on decentralisation and regional equity.

Youth apprenticeship programme launched to tackle anti-social behaviour

A new youth apprenticeship programme has been launched in Malaita Province as part of efforts to address rising anti-social behaviour and unemployment among young people. Transparency Solomon Islands, a key advocacy group, used the occasion to highlight broader concerns about corruption and the misuse of funds. The organisation urged political leaders to focus on integrity, equitable resource allocation, and transparency to ensure that young people benefit directly from development programs rather than being left behind. The initiative is expected to serve as both a skills-building platform and a tool for social cohesion. News Briefs 23.10

Solomon Islands wins bid to host 2026 Tourism Ministers’ Meeting

In a significant boost to its international profile, the Solomon Islands has secured the right to host the 2026 Council of Tourism Ministers’ Meeting. The event is expected to draw delegates from across the Pacific, providing a valuable opportunity to showcase the nation’s natural beauty and tourism potential. Officials expect the meeting to generate economic activity, particularly for the hospitality and transport sectors, while also fostering discussions around aviation and regional connectivity challenges that have long constrained the tourism industry. News Briefs 23.10

Government developing policy for mining environmental bonds

The Solomon Islands Ministry of Mines has announced work on a new policy requiring mining companies to pay environmental bonds. The move addresses existing gaps in the nation’s mining regulations, which currently lack enforceable provisions for environmental accountability. The proposed bond system aims to ensure companies take financial responsibility for ecological restoration after project completion, aligning with global best practices in sustainable resource management. Authorities hope the policy will promote responsible mining and strengthen environmental protection standards across the country.

The country now produces an impressive 212 million metric tons (MMT) of milk annually, far surpassing the European Union’s 150 MMT and the United States’ 103 MMT.

The data, visualised by World Visualized, highlights the top global milk producers for 2025. After India, the European Union and the United States maintain their strong positions, followed by China (42 MMT), Russia (34 MMT), Brazil (28 MMT), New Zealand (22 MMT), the United Kingdom (16 MMT), Mexico (14 MMT), and Argentina (11 MMT).

India’s dominance is fuelled by a vast network of small-scale dairy farmers, many of whom rely on milk production as their primary source of income. The country’s decentralised dairy model, coupled with strong domestic demand, continues to drive growth. In contrast, the European Union ’s production is more export-oriented, while the United States relies on industrialised, high-efficiency systems that cater to both local and international markets.

Globally, milk production remains a key indicator of food security and economic stability. But in 2025, the industry faces mounting challenges. Climate change, trade tensions, and rising feed costs are reshaping dairy operations around the world.

Countries such as New Zealand and Brazil have experienced reduced yields due to droughts, while China is investing heavily in local production to reduce its dependency on imports.

In Europe, the “Green Deal” continues to push farmers toward more sustainable livestock practices, including reducing methane emissions. Meanwhile, the U.S. dairy industry is experimenting with innovation-led solutions, from low-emission feed to carbon-neutral farming, to meet growing consumer demand for environmentally responsible food.

Beyond production numbers, milk is deeply tied to global nutrition trends. The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) reports a steady rise in dairy consumption, particularly in Asia and Africa, driven by rapid urbanisation and population growth.

However, shifting trade policies, geopolitical tensions, and climate-driven disruptions are all influencing how and where milk moves across borders. The Russia-Ukraine conflict, for instance, has affected agricultural supply chains in Europe, while changing relations between China and the United States continue to impact dairy trade flows.

Omani women continue to thrive under laws and policies that ensure equality and empowerment across sectors. The government has implemented initiatives promoting women’s participation in leadership, business, and education, reflecting Oman’s commitment to gender equity. On Omani Women’s Day, officials reaffirmed that women now occupy key positions in government, diplomacy, and entrepreneurship, a testament to decades of progress and policy reform.

Oman and the UK explore new avenues for economic cooperation

Oman and the United Kingdom are deepening economic and trade relations by exploring new areas of collaboration. Discussions have focused on green energy, infrastructure, technology, and financial services as both nations seek to expand mutual investments. The partnership aims to enhance Oman’s economic diversification goals under Vision 2040 while providing British businesses with strategic access to Gulf and Asian markets.

Oman to host new World Bank Group office

The World Bank Group announced that it will establish a new regional office in Oman, a move that underscores the Sultanate’s growing importance as an economic and financial hub in the Gulf. The office will serve as a base for cooperation on development initiatives, sustainable finance, and capacity-building projects across the Middle East and North Africa. Omani officials hailed this as a milestone that strengthens international confidence in the nation’s governance and fiscal reforms.

Agreements inked to localise projects in Khazaen Economic City worth over $718.9 million

Oman signed several agreements to localise major industrial and logistical projects in Khazaen Economic City, with investments exceeding OMR 276 million ($718.9 million). These projects span manufacturing, food processing, and logistics, aiming to create thousands of jobs for Omanis and boost local value chains. The initiative aligns with the national strategy to reduce import dependence, support SMEs, and transform Khazaen into a central node for regional commerce.

China and Oman join hands to promote the development of women’s causes

China and Oman have pledged to cooperate in advancing women’s development and empowerment. The collaboration includes sharing expertise in education, entrepreneurship, and community programs that enhance women’s participation in national development. Both countries highlighted the importance of cultural exchange and policy coordination to ensure that gender equality remains central to sustainable progress.

New Zealand ranks third with 133,100 tonnes, while Turkey, Morocco, Iran, Sudan, South Africa, Russia, and India complete the top ten list. These countries play crucial roles in regional textile industries and global wool supply chains, as reported by IWTO Market .

Global wool production has remained relatively stable in recent years, with gradual improvements in processing efficiency. Clean wool, the fibre after removing grease and impurities, continues to be in high demand, especially as sustainable textiles gain traction.

A recent IWTO report highlights that demand for natural fibres like wool is rebounding as fashion and home textile brands pivot toward eco-friendly materials.

According to Textile Trade Buddy , the global wool market could reach US $21.6 billion by 2032, driven by sustainability-focused consumers and brands. Yet synthetics still dominate the textile world due to cost efficiency and large-scale production, notes a CIRFS industry report .

Australia’s dominance is anchored in its Merino wool, prized globally for its softness, strength, and yield. The country’s well-developed farming systems and favourable climate help maintain its leading position. As IWTO notes, Australia sets global benchmarks in quality and auction pricing.

China, on the other hand, combines large-scale wool production with a powerful textile manufacturing infrastructure. It not only produces raw wool but also processes and exports high volumes of wool garments and fabrics worldwide.

Meanwhile, New Zealand’s strong export-driven farming industry keeps it a consistent third-place producer, known for crossbred wool varieties suited for carpets and upholstery.

The wool industry faces increasing scrutiny over environmental impact, particularly methane emissions from sheep farming. A Wall Street Journal report recently highlighted methane as a “blind spot” in the fashion industry’s climate strategy, placing added pressure on animal-based fibre sectors.

In response, wool producers are adopting more sustainable farming practices and certifications that ensure better animal welfare and lower emissions. IWTO reports that regenerative agriculture and non-mulesed wool certifications are on the rise globally.

However, the industry still battles challenges like droughts in key producing regions, rising feed and transport costs, and market fluctuations that affect pricing, issues regularly tracked by Fibre2Fashion .

Innovation remains a strong focus as researchers explore alternative fibres and production methods. In India, for example, scientists are developing milkweed-based fibres that could serve as lighter, warmer alternatives to traditional wool, according to The Times of India .

Despite these innovations, wool remains irreplaceable for many industries due to its natural durability, biodegradability, and ability to store carbon.

Mongolia’s Prime Minister Gombojavyn Zandanshatar has issued a strong appeal to government officials, urging them to concentrate on their core duties and work toward preventing the nation’s growing weather-related hardships. The warning comes as the country faces another harsh seasonal cycle, with the potential of a dzud , the deadly winter phenomenon that kills livestock and devastates rural livelihoods, looming large. The Prime Minister emphasised that energy and resources should be directed toward supporting communities at risk, rather than getting caught up in political disputes.

Mayor Nyambaatar calls on enterprises to comply with Mongolia’s water law

In Ulaanbaatar, Mayor Nyambaatar has called on public and private enterprises to fulfil their obligations under the Law on Water of Mongolia, warning that non-compliance will no longer be tolerated. His statement highlights growing environmental concerns over unsustainable water use, especially as urban expansion continues to strain resources. The mayor pointed out that many industries, particularly in construction and manufacturing, have failed to implement water conservation and recycling systems. This negligence, he noted, directly affects the city’s ability to maintain clean and accessible water for residents. Nyambaatar’s administration plans to conduct audits and impose penalties on enterprises that ignore their environmental responsibilities.

Judicial council elects new judges in third session

Mongolia’s Judicial General Council held its third session, during which several new judges were elected, a move aimed at strengthening the independence and efficiency of the nation’s legal system. The appointments are part of an ongoing effort to modernise the judiciary and restore public trust following concerns over corruption and political interference in the courts. The new judges are expected to bring renewed focus on transparency and procedural fairness. Legal experts have welcomed the move, noting that fresh appointments can help balance workloads and enhance case management, particularly in regional courts.

President Khurelsukh to pay a state visit to India

In a significant diplomatic step, President U. Khurelsukh is set to embark on a state visit to the Republic of India, further strengthening bilateral relations between the two Asian democracies. The visit aims to deepen cooperation in trade, renewable energy, mining, and regional security. Mongolia and India have long shared strong cultural and historical ties, rooted in Buddhism and mutual respect. Recent years have seen growing collaboration under the “Strategic Partnership” framework, with India supporting Mongolia in key areas such as digital infrastructure, energy transition, and education.

Yet amid these challenges, one truth remains unchanged: Lactalis still reigns as the world’s largest dairy company.

With estimated dairy revenues of $32 billion, the French-based Lactalis group leads the global pack, followed by Nestlé at $24 billion, Dairy Farmers of America (DFA) at $23 billion, and Danone with $21 billion.

Rounding out the top ten are Yili, Arla Foods, Fonterra, FrieslandCampina, Saputo, and Mengniu, whose revenues range between $12 billion and $16 billion. The ranking, visualised in the World Visualized chart, highlights the immense scale of these dairy powerhouses, but also reveals an industry facing a new era of strategic and structural change.

Rabobank’s analysts note that in 2024, the combined turnover of the Top 20 dairy firms rose by only 0.3% in U.S. dollar terms , compared with an 8.1% increase the year before. The slowdown stems largely from weaker commodity milk prices and volatile currency movements, especially between the euro and the U.S. dollar, which have eroded European revenue figures. Rabobank’s full analysis predicts only modest growth through 2025, unless a wave of mergers and acquisitions reshapes the competitive field.

That reshuffling may be closer than it appears. Rabobank’s forward outlook suggests “subtle shifts” in 2025, but a potential shake-up in 2026. Consolidation pressures are mounting as companies seek to achieve scale and resilience in the face of rising costs and sustainability obligations.

Lactalis, for instance, recently signed a landmark deal to acquire many of Fonterra’s consumer brands — including Anchor, Mainland, and Fernleaf — along with several processing sites in Oceania, Asia, and the Middle East. The move not only strengthens Lactalis’s southern hemisphere reach but also marks a strategic pivot for Fonterra, which is turning its focus toward B2B ingredients and nutrition.

Meanwhile, Rabobank hints at possible future combinations, such as FrieslandCampina merging with Milcobel, or Arla Foods joining forces with DMK in Germany. Even legacy players like Unilever may exit the ranking altogether, as it considers divesting its ice cream business —a move that could open space for newer dairy-focused entrants, such as Emmi or Magnum.

Beyond corporate manoeuvring, the industry’s fundamentals are being tested by a mix of climate, policy, and consumer trends. The Rabobank Global Dairy Quarterly (Q3 2025) report highlights rising milk production in key export regions, which could push global prices down later this year. Farmgate milk prices have surged, up 27% in New Zealand and 18% in Europe, but supply growth is expected to peak in the second half of 2025 before easing in 2026.

At the same time, sustainability pressures are reshaping corporate behaviour. Nestlé recently made headlines by withdrawing from the Dairy Methane Action Alliance, citing a shift in strategy while reaffirming its long-term net-zero goals. Climate-related disruptions are also taking their toll.

A Guardian investigation revealed that even a single hour of extreme heat above 26 °C can reduce a cow’s milk output by half a percent per day, with compounding effects in prolonged heatwaves, a pattern that could cut global dairy supply by 4% by mid-century.

The same trend was observed in real GDP per employed person, which slowed to 1.6% from 3.0% in the same period, indicating weaker productivity.

“It could indicate the needs of technological advancement, better capacity building and improved management practices in the economy for obtaining higher productivity so that it will drive higher economic growth,” the report stated.

Based on separate ASEAN data, the region’s population stood at 671.7 million in 2022, representing a 1.2% growth rate, faster than the 0.8% recorded the previous year.

These indicators reflect Asean’s progress under SDG 8, or Decent Work and Economic Growth, which seeks to promote inclusive growth, full employment and decent work for all.

Far from full employment

Under the same SDG, the report noted that the region remains far from full employment. The unemployment rate inched down only slightly, to 3.8% from 3.9% in 2016, which the report described as “relatively slow” progress.

Disparities remain between sexes and age groups. Unemployment among men was 3.7% in 2023, compared with 4.0% in 2016, while women’s unemployment rose to 3.5% from 2.6%.

Youth unemployment was the highest, standing at 8.5% in 2023, though down from 11.2% in 2016. The share of young people not engaged in education, employment or training also fell to 16.8% from 18.7%.

Southeast Asia remains a relatively young region, with a median age of 30.4, compared with the Asian average of 32.5 years. 

The figure is expected to fall further when Timor-Leste, Asia’s youngest democracy, which also happens to have one of the world’s youngest populations, formally joins the bloc.

Asean’s chief statistician, Datuk Seri Dr Mohd Uzir Mahidin, praised the bloc’s progress.

"Over the past seven years, Asean has made commendable progress across all goals, highlighting the region's collective commitment to the 2030 Agenda,” he said in a statement.

The report said 15 targets were on track, particularly in areas such as poverty reduction, healthcare, gender equality, clean energy and institutional development. Another 32 indicators showed moderate progress, while 21 were either stagnating or regressing.

Healthcare spending was cited as a key driver in reducing poverty, rising to 12.1% of total government expenditure in 2023, from just 7.7% in 2016.

Other indicators linked to poverty presented a more sobering picture. 

Deaths, missing persons and those affected by climate-related disasters surged to 6,386 per 100,000 population in 2023, more than double the 2,921 recorded in 2016. The report noted that the poor remain the most vulnerable to climate shocks.

Spending on education declined during the same period, falling to 13.9% of total government expenditure from 17.8% in 2016.

Household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40% of the population improved modestly to 5.8% in 2023, from 5.2% in 2016. The report cautioned that stronger gains will be needed to ensure sustained poverty reduction.

The UN has set seven targets under Sustainable Development Goal 1, including halving the proportion of men, women and children living in poverty in all its forms by 2030.

Regional progress is expected to be brought up when Asean leaders meet in Malaysia later this month. Leaders from outside the bloc, including US President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping, have also been invited to attend.

The alliance collaborates with both public and private partners to finance renewable energy initiatives across the African continent. Woochong Um, CEO of GEAPP, noted that with aid budgets under pressure, there is a growing need for new models capable of delivering development at scale.

“With aid budgets under pressure, we need new models to deliver development at scale”.

Africa is home to 600 million people without access to electricity, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA) . Despite abundant renewable resources, from solar and wind to hydro and geothermal, investment has lagged due to high financing costs, limited affordable capital, and fragmented infrastructure.

GEAPP’s latest report highlights that addressing both supply and demand in planning is key to building a robust green economy. Analysts say the $4.2 billion mobilisation, alongside a broader $100 billion green investment pledge secured by African nations at the 2025 Africa Climate Summit in Addis Ababa, could be a turning point for the continent’s energy transition.

This development positions Africa to not only tackle its urgent development needs but also to play a central role in the global fight against climate change, and help the continent leapfrog into a renewable-powered future and sustainability.

“The financial picture is equally stark. At a moment of rising need, net official development assistance fell by 7.1% last year. Meanwhile, developing countries paid a record 1.4 trillion US dollars just to service external debt in 2023,” she added. 

Baerbock, however, said some progress should not be overlooked. 

“We have made some progress,” she said. “Child mortality has been halved compared to the start of the millennium. Clean energy now generates more than 40% of the world ’s electricity, part of an urgently needed shift to renewables. Nearly a billion people have gained access to safe drinking water since 2015. Social protection now reaches over half of humanity, up from less than 43% a decade ago.”

Even so, she argued that technical solutions already exist for many of the challenges the world faces. 

“The gap towards 2030, our challenge is not a lack of solutions,” she said. “It is a lack of political will and – sometimes intentionally, it is a lack of resources.”

UN Secretary-General António Guterres echoed that sentiment, insisting that momentum on the goals could still be harnessed. But Guterres also highlighted the stark contrast between military expenditure and development finance. 

“In all we do, we must make peace a priority. In 2024 global military spending was thirteen times official development assistance. That is equivalent to the entire GDP of the African continent. In other words, this is not a question of resources – it is a question of choices,” he said. 

Queen Mathilde of Belgium, serving as one of the UN’s SDG Advocates, called for renewed determination rather than resignation. 

“We cannot afford to be defeatist,” she said. “It is all the more crucial at a critical time like this to take responsibility to pool our efforts so as to realize the goals and values we signed up to in 2015.”

These activities, frequently carried out without protective measures, have been linked to cancers, liver and kidney diseases, respiratory problems, and even birth defects.

In Spain, the Educational Association Reciclanet in Bilbao, a pioneering approach to electronic waste management, is transforming discarded technology into valuable resources, while curbing environmental harm and supporting the circular economy .

Reciclanet specialises in collecting obsolete IT equipment from companies and educational institutions, reconditioning viable devices, and responsibly recycling those beyond repair.

“We let only those that will be able to be reused pass,” explained Andrea Valiente, a representative of the centre. “If it does not have the minimum characteristics that people are willing to accept, it goes directly to what we call CHAE, electronic junk.”

The process involves meticulous sorting —green-coded items for reuse, yellow for repair, and red for waste— which ensures that hazardous components like lead, mercury, and cadmium are handled by licensed waste managers.

These discarded devices are dismantled to extract critical materials such as copper, lithium, tungsten, and even gold . As Valiente noted, “Europe needs [these] to boost the circular economy.”

The centre’s work also responds to concerns over the unethical export of unusable electronics to Africa under the guise of donations. Investigations have shown that much of the shipped material is scrap, leaving local communities to manage hazardous waste.

“The material that is sent is not of practical use… for me, I think [they] throw it away directly,” Valiente said, referencing a European Union probe that found countries like England and Poland breaking export laws.

Globally, e-waste generation is growing at an alarming rate, estimated between 60,000 and 71,000 tonnes annually, with a 17% year-on-year increase, according to the World Health Organisation.

The documentary linked to Reciclanet’s work was filmed at electronic waste sites in Ghana and Cameroon, with interviews in Spain. It was produced by Asociación Sociocultural Afrika Miniaturan in partnership with Asociación Cultural Ghana Union, with funding from the City Council of Vitoria-Gasteiz.

This strategy has led to the creation of 16 new dark sky conservation zones in 2025, where travellers can enjoy views of the night sky without any light pollution.

The new zones are located within several national parks, private resorts and suburban locations, each chosen for its low light pollution and open skies.

Lights in these areas are carefully managed or removed completely to ensure the stars remain visible to the naked eye.

The move seeks to offer visitors a rare glimpse of planets, star clusters and the Milky Way as well as to raise awareness about how artificial light can affect natural ecosystems.

With 48 dark sky areas already designated in the past three years, and 16 more just added, Thailand is positioning itself as one of Asia’s top destinations for night-time nature experiences.

The latest phase of the programme was launched by the Tourism Authority of Thailand and the National Astronomical Research Institute under the “Amazing Dark Sky in Thailand” campaign.

The programme is now in its fourth season.

The announcement was made this week in Bangkok, marking another step in the country’s plan to link tourism with environmental stewardship.

The ban will later expand to other parts of the city and eventually include cars that run on petrol.

The plan is part of a long-term goal to stop the use of gas-powered motorbikes nationwide by 2045.

With around 72 million motorbikes on the road, mostly using petrol, the change is expected to have a huge impact on daily life and the environment.

Vietnamese officials say they want to clean up the air, reduce traffic noise, and push people toward cleaner options like electric bikes and scooters.

Electric scooters are already gaining popularity in Vietnam, especially from local makers like VinFast and Selex Motors.

But many people are still unsure about switching, mostly because of high prices and not enough charging stations.

Despite these challenges, cities like Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang are now looking into similar plans.

According to data from Music Festival Wizard , this year’s most attended festivals offer more than just music. They're cultural phenomena drawing millions from every corner of the globe.

The global titans: Mawazine, Donauinselfest, and Montreal Jazz Festival

Leading the list is the Mawazine Festival in Rabat, Morocco, boasting an estimated 3.75 million attendees. Renowned for its blend of international superstars and traditional Moroccan acts, Mawazine remains a symbol of cultural diplomacy and artistic celebration, often featuring artists like Rihanna, Stromae, and Maluma in past editions.

Hot on its heels is Donauinselfest in Vienna, Austria, Europe's largest free open-air festival with 3.3 million estimated attendees. Spanning genres from indie rock to EDM, this massive event set on the Danube Island reflects the city's cultural vitality and inclusiveness.

Taking the third spot is the Montreal Jazz Festival, with an estimated 2 million attendees. As one of the world's premier jazz gatherings, it features hundreds of performances, many of them free, showcasing legends like Herbie Hancock alongside emerging experimental talents.

Quebec and Coachella

The Quebec City Summer Festival has also emerged as a heavyweight, drawing approximately 1.4 million fans. With headliners spanning genres—Foo Fighters, Billie Eilish, and Drake, to name a few—it’s become a must-attend North American staple.

Meanwhile, the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival continues to command global attention with 750,000 attendees. Known for launching influencer trends and curating avant-garde visual experiences alongside its diverse musical roster, Coachella remains a cultural lodestar despite being outpaced in sheer size.

Jazz, dance, and Rock across Continents

The New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival and Amsterdam Dance Event are tied at 500,000 attendees each, underscoring their niche appeal: jazz and heritage in the American South, and cutting-edge electronic music in Europe , respectively.

Poland’s Pol’and’Rock Festival, formerly known as Woodstock Poland, and Brazil’s Rock in Rio both drew around 730,000–750,000 fans. These festivals underscore the enduring draw of rock and metal in Central Europe and Latin America.

Also worth noting is Summerfest in Milwaukee, a consistent contender in the U.S. festival landscape with an estimated 555,925 attendees, offering over 11 days of music by the shores of Lake Michigan.

According to Music Festival Wizard, sustainability, digital experiences, and post-pandemic safety protocols are continuing to shape how festivals operate. Many events now integrate AR experiences, carbon offset initiatives, and hybrid ticketing options.

It was developed by the Ministry of Fisheries, Ocean and Maritime Affairs in partnership with Blue Prosperity Vanuatu, a programme that supports ocean protection and sustainable development.

The launch will take place on July 15 at the National University of Vanuatu during its Open Day. The event will bring together students, scientists, and the public to learn more about the state of coral reefs, which are crucial for marine life, food supply, and coastal protection.

Government officials say the new report will help guide national policies to protect the ocean better and manage marine resources. It is expected to play a key role in planning for the future as Vanuatu looks for ways to balance ocean conservation with the needs of its communities.

The report is also part of Vanuatu’s wider effort to lead conversations across the Pacific on climate resilience and the importance of protecting marine ecosystems.

“This is the most significant coral reef study in our country’s history,” the government said in a statement. “It provides a strong foundation to protect our oceans for the future.”

The image for this article was AI-generated.

The new factory, built by Itracom Fertiliser Limited, has the capacity to produce one million tonnes of fertiliser a year, with plans to triple output in the future.

The factory is seen as a major step toward solving long-standing fertiliser shortages that have affected farmers across East Africa.

Regional governments have struggled with high costs, weak infrastructure, and global supply disruptions, all of which have contributed to low crop yields and food insecurity.

The plant is located in the Nala Industrial Area and covers 21 hectares.

It employs over 1,800 workers, with thousands more jobs expected as production increases. The facility also plans to support rural economies by buying manure from local livestock farmers.

Speaking at the launch, President Hassan said the project would support agricultural growth, create jobs, and strengthen ties between countries in the region.

“This is more than just a factory; it represents agricultural transformation and regional cooperation,” she said.

Government officials say the plant will also contribute to the country’s fertiliser subsidy programme and help Tanzania meet its target of sourcing 80% of fertiliser locally.

Agriculture Minister Hussein Bashe confirmed the plant had already spent Sh15 billion buying manure from local communities and would play a key role in future farming strategies.

Fisherman Fentie Wabi, who relied on the lake to feed his family, said the weed made it nearly impossible to work.

“As the weed expanded, we couldn’t ride our boats. It damaged our nets, and we couldn’t fish in the areas we used to,” he told SciDev .

Initial community efforts to remove the weed by hand failed, as it kept returning. But an experimental biogas project led by researchers introduced a new way to deal with the problem by using the plant as fuel.

The process involves collecting the weed and mixing it with animal dung to produce biogas through natural fermentation.

The gas is then used for cooking and lighting, while the leftover material becomes organic fertiliser.

Wabi, one of the first to join the project, said his family now uses the gas daily and sees better crop yields from the natural fertiliser.

The innovation was led by Yezbie Kassa, a fisheries researcher at the University of Gondar. She witnessed the environmental damage caused by the weed during her PhD studies and wanted to find a way to turn the problem into an opportunity.

“This invasive plant doesn’t just damage the lake ecosystem, it threatens the livelihoods of communities who depend on these water s for food, income, and clean water,” she said.

Although only a few homes have benefited from the pilot project so far, it has drawn national attention.

Local officials and researchers hope that with proper government support, the model can be scaled up across other affected regions in Ethiopia.

Experts say the idea has potential beyond energy.

The same plant could be used to make handicrafts or even animal feed, offering more economic opportunities.

But for now, the focus remains on biogas, especially in remote areas where energy is expensive and hard to access.

John Titus, director of energy in the Ministry of Mines and Energy, said Namibia currently imports about half of its power from countries such as South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

He made the announcement during a green hydrogen conference in Windhoek attended by Namibian and German officials, researchers, and industry partners.

According to him, the country’s energy strategy is centred on renewable power, particularly wind energy and green hydrogen.

Namibia also plans to export products made from green hydrogen, such as green ammonia and fertiliser, through major projects like the Hyphen scheme.

“We don’t just want to stop at producing green hydrogen, we aim to turn it into green ammonia and green fertiliser. That’s what drives this project forward,” he was quoted by the New Era .

Traditional leader Chief Sakarias Seibeb praised the impact of the green hydrogen initiative on his community in the desert.

He said residents now have better access to water and jobs, and that small businesses and farming projects have begun to grow.

He also called on young people to take advantage of training and employment by staying away from drugs and alcohol.

The two-day Namibia-Germany Green Hydrogen Research and Development Conference aimed to strengthen cooperation between the two countries as Namibia pushes forward with clean energy plans and prepares to become a global exporter of green fuel.

The project is part of growing energy cooperation between the two nations and follows a visit by Egypt’s President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi to Djibouti in April.

It is being developed with support from Egypt’s Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy and financed by the Egyptian Agency of Partnership for Development.

Djibouti’s Ministry of Energy is also leading on the project, which will be executed with technical input from Egypt’s Arab Organization for Industrialisation.

Senior officials from both governments attended the event , including Djibouti’s Minister of Energy Younis Ali Gedi and Egypt’s Deputy Minister of Electricity, Major General Mohamed Osama Issa.

They described the project as a symbol of growing ties and shared goals between the two countries.

Egyptian and Djiboutian officials say the solar plant will help improve access to clean energy in the region and support Djibouti’s wider plans to modernise its national power grid.

The two governments are also discussing further cooperation in wind energy development, particularly in the Ghoubet region.

The report evaluated 186 countries based on their ability to produce seven key food groups locally, and only Guyana passed all benchmarks.

This stunning achievement places the South American nation at the centre of a crucial global conversation about sustainability, agricultural resilience, and national food security.

According to the Nature Food study, researchers analysed national self-sufficiency based on availability and domestic production of fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat, cereals and grains , pulses and legumes, oils and fats.

Guyana is the only country that meets 100% of its population’s nutritional requirements across all seven categories without the need for food imports.

Guyana's agricultural strengths include rice and sugarcane production (key cereals and cash crops), extensive fruit and vegetable farming (including bananas, citrus, and root vegetables), growing livestock and dairy sectors, access to both inland and marine fisheries, and a tropical climate with two growing seasons per year.

How Guyana achieved this

During a recent visit to Cane Grove farmers, the country's Minister of Agriculture, Zulfikar Mustapha, emphasised that Guyana is now the only country fully able to feed its population without food imports, thanks to the government’s strong focus on agriculture.

He highlighted major investments, including over $104 billion in the 2025 budget for boosting crop production, livestock, aquaculture, and agro-processing. Mustapha also noted that Guyana’s national policies integrate food systems with sustainability, health, and climate resilience.

Additionally, Guyana’s leadership in the “25 by 2025” CARICOM initiative, aimed at cutting regional food imports by 25%, highlights its strong commitment to food security and economic growth. Despite climate-related challenges, the government remains confident in reaching its goals through continued agricultural innovation and diversification.

With urban growth rising, metros are vital for sustainable cities, backed by tech like AI and automation. Over $500 billion was invested from 2020–2024.

In a comprehensive analysis by Spherical Insights , the top 10 countries with the largest and most expansive metro rail infrastructures have been unveiled, showcasing the global shift toward efficient, clean, and future-ready mass transit.

1. China

With over 9,500 kilometres of operational metro lines across more than 50 cities, China sits unchallenged at the top. Mega-cities like Shanghai (802 km), Beijing (836 km), and Guangzhou (631 km) anchor this vast network. Fueled by its New Urbanisation Plan , China aims to surpass 10,500 km by the end of 2025.

2. United States

Despite its car-centric legacy, the U.S. boasts around 1,300 kilometres of metro lines. The New York City Subway—spanning 472 stations—remains the nation’s flagship, while cities like D.C. and San Francisco expand their networks under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.

3. South Korea

Seoul’s ultra-modern metro spans over 1,100 kilometres, making it one of the smartest and cleanest globally. Contactless payments, facial recognition entry systems, and multilingual support serve a tech-savvy, urbanised population.

4. India

India’s urban transport revolution is well underway. With nearly 958 kilometres across 18 cities, including Delhi, Mumbai, and Bengaluru, India’s metro boom is driven by strong federal and state collaboration and a surge in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs).

5. Japan

Punctual, clean, and deeply integrated—Japan’s metro systems, especially in Tokyo and Osaka, are global gold standards. Tokyo's metro spans nearly 900 km and moves over 8 million passengers daily. Innovations in driverless operations and energy-efficient railcars keep Japan at the forefront.

6. Russia

Russia’s metro systems, particularly in Moscow and St. Petersburg, are renowned for their architectural grandeur and reliability. Moscow’s Big Circle Line, one of the longest circular lines in the world, symbolises the country’s continued rail ambitions. The country has over 800 km of metro lines.

7. Germany

Germany blends technology with sustainability in metro systems across Berlin, Munich, and Hamburg. They collectively contribute over 700 kilometres of urban rail. A strong focus on electrification, solar-powered stations, and real-time mobility data elevates its network to global excellence.

8. Brazil

Latin America ’s metro torchbearer, Brazil, features prominently, with São Paulo’s network leading the charge. Covering 400 kilometres and 91 stations, the system integrates smart ticketing and data-driven routing to address urban sprawl.

9. United Kingdom

Home to the world’s first underground railway, the London Underground remains a global icon. Modernisation efforts—including the Elizabeth Line—reflect the UK’s commitment to making its metro resilient and accessible. The network covers over 400 kilometres.

10. France

With the iconic Paris Métro and expanding networks in Lyon and Marseille, France’s urban rail legacy is long-standing, with 220 kilometres. Modernisation projects like Grand Paris Express are set to add over 200 kilometres by 2030.

This extraordinary statistic highlights the DRC's immense natural wealth, centred around the Congo River Basin, which spans nearly 4 million square kilometres and fuels the continent’s second-longest river.

Why does the DRC have so much water?

Thanks to its tropical location, the DRC receives high annual rainfall, over 2,000 mm in some regions. Combined with a dense network of rivers, wetlands, and deep freshwater lakes like Lake Tanganyika, this hydrological bounty makes the DRC Africa’s water powerhouse.

Key contributors include:

The paradox: water Wealth vs. access

Despite holding over half of Africa’s surface freshwater, most Congolese people lack reliable access to clean water.

This water-access paradox underscores the need for targeted investment and sustainable management.

What needs to happen?

Organisations like Winrock International are working alongside local and national partners to:

There’s growing recognition that managing water sustainably in the DRC isn’t just a national issue—it’s a continental priority.

Why it matters for Africa and the world

With climate change accelerating droughts and water scarcity in other regions, the DRC’s freshwater reserves are increasingly vital for regional stability, food production, biodiversity, and hydropower. The Congo River alone has massive potential for renewable energy , including the long-anticipated Grand Inga Dam project.

But without equitable access and conservation, this water wealth could become a missed opportunity—or worse, a source of conflict.

According to the 2024 Fashion Transparency Index , published by Fashion Revolution, major fashion companies are being held accountable for how openly they disclose their policies, practices, and supply chain details.

What Is the Fashion Transparency Index?

The Fashion Transparency Index ranks global fashion brands based on how much they disclose about their supply chains, environmental practices, labour rights policies , and sourcing locations. The aim? To push brands toward greater accountability and empower consumers with the information they need to shop responsibly.

Most Transparent Fashion Companies in 2024 (by Transparency Score)

Key insights from the 2024 Global Fashion Transparency Index

The ranking highlights the top 10 cities worldwide that offer exceptional living conditions based on factors such as healthcare, safety, infrastructure, environment, and cost of living. Following The Hague is another Dutch city, Groningen, with a score of 225.9, reaffirming the Netherlands' reputation for balanced urban living.

Luxembourg City secured third place with 219.9 points, followed closely by Eindhoven (218.3) and Basel in Switzerland (217.0). Other Swiss cities, including Bern (213.6) and Lausanne (206.1), also made the list, further underlining Switzerland’s strong presence in the quality-of-life domain.

The Netherlands dominated the list with five cities—The Hague, Groningen, Utrecht, Eindhoven, and Rotterdam—appearing in the top 10, reflecting the country’s high standards in public services, livability, and sustainability.

Copenhagen, Denmark (204.2), was the only Scandinavian city to cut, rounding out the list at number ten.

Top 10 Cities with the Best Quality of Life in 2025:

Coastal subsidence, exacerbated by over-extraction of groundwater, rapid urbanization, and climate change, has already forced governments to take drastic measures to protect their populations.

Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, is sinking at an alarming rate of up to 6.7 inches per year, one of the fastest rates in the world. Studies suggest that much of the city could be underwater by 2050 if current trends continue. The government has responded with an ambitious and costly solution: relocating the capital. The $33 billion project, which aims to move the political and administrative hub to the island of Borneo, is expected to take around 10 years.

However, questions remain about how effectively this move will address the underlying environmental and socio-economic challenges associated with mass displacement.

In the United States, cities such as Houston and New Orleans are experiencing land subsidence at a rate of around 2 inches per year. This process, combined with intensifying hurricanes and storm surges, increases their vulnerability to catastrophic flooding. New Orleans, already below sea level, relies on extensive levee systems to prevent disastrous inundation.

Meanwhile, Miami has become the "poster child" for rising sea levels, facing more frequent tidal floods and saltwater contamination of drinking water supplies. Without intervention, these coastal cities may experience irreversible damage, displacing large populations and disrupting local economies.

Beyond the U.S. and Southeast Asia, Bangladesh faces one of the most severe threats from rising seas. With 17% of the country’s land at risk of submersion, an estimated 18 million people could be displaced by mid-century. Coastal erosion, intensified monsoons, and worsening cyclones add to the urgency of developing long-term solutions to prevent widespread humanitarian crises.

Countries known for their history of water management are implementing innovative solutions to combat the crisis. The Netherlands, famous for its engineering feats in flood control, is investing heavily in storm surge barriers, floating infrastructure, and multi-purpose water parks designed to absorb excess water. Bangkok, another vulnerable coastal city, has developed an 11-acre flood-resistant park that can store up to a million gallons of rainwater, serving as a model for urban resilience.

Despite these efforts, the global outlook remains concerning. Climate scientists project that sea levels could rise by as much as 6.6 feet by 2100, putting hundreds of millions of people at risk. To mitigate these risks, urban planning, infrastructure investments, and policy interventions must be prioritised.

Without urgent and coordinated action, many of the world’s major coastal cities could face irreversible damage, leading to economic turmoil and mass displacement.

As nations grapple with the reality of sinking land and rising seas, governments, scientists, and urban planners must accelerate efforts to implement sustainable and adaptive solutions. The choices made today will determine the fate of these cities and their ability to withstand the future climate challenges.

Gaolathe referenced the previous administration’s Integrated Resource Plan, which set targets of 30% renewable energy by 2030 and 50% by 2036. However, he assured the nation that the new government intends to surpass these targets within a significantly shorter timeframe. “As the incoming government, we are setting our sights even higher,” he stated. “I won’t specify percentages, but we are aiming beyond previous ambitions because our people envision more,” Mmegi Online reports.

Recognising Botswana’s immense solar energy potential, Gaolathe noted that the country ranks third globally for solar radiation exposure, receiving approximately 3,200 hours of sunshine annually.

“With this resource, there is no reason Botswana cannot become a hub for solar-generated power,” he asserted.

He reiterated the country’s commitment to reducing its carbon footprint by 15% by 2030 but stressed the need for flexibility to balance economic growth with environmental commitments.

The vice president also mentioned the government’s dedication to research and development, particularly in science and renewable energy.

The 2020 Resource Plan projected an increase in national power supply by over 1,200 megawatts, with several projects already in progress.

However, Gaolathe believes these projections underestimate Botswana’s true potential.

He further outlined the government’s strategic shift from coal-powered energy towards a solar-dominated industry. “Another important aspect of our diversification drive is the modernisation of the power sector, with a strategic shift towards a solar-dominated energy industry,” he emphasised.

“Solar energy presents a remarkable opportunity for our nation. With abundant sunshine throughout the year, Botswana is ideally positioned to harness this clean and sustainable resource to power our households, industries, and communities,” Gaolathe concluded.

Cocoa is a precious ingredient and a daily commodity. However, it is facing a climate change crisis, which has caused its prices to skyrocket in recent years.

According to Christian Aid in the UK, there is a staggering 400% surge in the wholesale prices of cocoa.

"In the UK we eat about 10 kilogrammes per person per chocolate every year, which is quite a stack and we love it. But we could see a collapse because if cocoa isn't being produced, if it's not if the crops aren't protected, then simply we won't have the crops. So chocolate will become a luxury. We take it as an everyday commodity. It will become a luxury that only a few people can afford the type of quality and quantity that they want. So Valentine's Day may be up for grabs in the future," the head of Christian Aid's global advocacy and policy, Graham Gordon told AFP.

Using a process called pyrolysis, the machine heats plastic in a low-oxygen environment, breaking it down into usable energy.

Carlos Parraguirre Díaz, the company’s chief technology officer, said the machine can process 1.5 tons of plastic each week, producing about 1,350 liters of fuel.

"Instead of letting plastic pile up in landfills or end up in the ocean, we can turn it into something valuable," he told the Associated Press .

Plastic pollution is a growing crisis worldwide. The United Nations estimates that global plastic production could rise by 70% by 2040 if no action is taken.

 Every day, around 2,000 truckloads of plastic waste are dumped into the world’s oceans, rivers, and lakes.

Petgas envisions a system where plastic is not treated as waste but as a resource. The company runs plastic collection drives and encourages people to drop off waste at designated points. It also receives pre-sorted plastic from recyclers.

The process does have environmental impacts. While it initially requires propane to start, the machine later powers itself using gases produced during pyrolysis.

The fuel it generates does release carbon dioxide, but the company says its emissions are lower than traditional fossil fuels because of reduced sulfur content.

For now, Petgas donates the fuel it produces to local fire departments and food delivery services but the company hopes to scale up its operations to make a bigger impact.

This reddish-orange metal, often overlooked in favour of more captivating resources like gold or lithium, is ready to play a vital role in powering the modern world.

According to an IMF projection, 39.1 million tonnes of copper will be demanded by 2040 against 25.9 million tonnes in 2023.

Oil on the other is expected to see a sharp decline by 2040 with 66 million barrels per day against the 101.9 million barrels produced every day in 2023.

Why Copper?

Copper is a crucial component in electrical wiring, circuits, and motors. As the world transitions to electric vehicles and renewable energy sources, copper demand is expected to surge.

Copper is extensively used in solar panels, wind turbines, and other renewable energy technologies. As these technologies become increasingly prevalent, copper will play a vital role in their development and deployment.

The Japanese team, composed of Masanori Hata (chocolate candidate), Yuji Matoba (sugar candidate), and Ryu Miyazaki (ice cream candidate), impressed the judges with their innovative and intricate creations.

The competition featured a new and challenging event called the "Chocolate Show," where participants had to create 26 sweet creations based on Valrhona chocolate, inspired by the street food trend. This event highlighted the candidates' ability to think outside the box and present their work dynamically and engagingly.

France and Malaysia completed the podium, winning the silver and bronze medals, respectively. The competition also saw Belgium receiving a special eco-responsible prize for their adherence to sustainable practices.

Pierre Hermé, President of the Pastry World Cup, praised the high level of artistry and innovation displayed by all the teams. He noted that the competition continues to be a magnificent demonstration of pastry know-how and the spirit of surpassing oneself.

A combination of factors drives this dramatic surge and creates a perfect storm for the global coffee industry.

As the sun rises over the Amazonian island of Marajo, Renato Cordeiro ties his boots, grabs his knife, and heads to tap his rubber trees. Drop by drop, he collects the milky white sap, or latex, that sustains his livelihood.

The recent resurgence of the rubber tapper industry in this economically struggling northern Brazilian region has created new job opportunities for families who once thrived during the Amazon rubber boom.

A local company, Seringo, has helped Renato and over 1,500 other rubber tappers return to their craft. The company not only produces goods such as footwear but also works to protect the forest, which faces growing threats from deforestation.

The shanty towns, home to many of Mayotte's residents, were particularly hard hit, with makeshift homes torn apart by the storm.

French Prime Minister François Bayrou, along with a delegation of officials, visited Mayotte shortly after the cyclone to assess the damage and announce a comprehensive aid plan.

The plan, named "Mayotte Standing," aims to rebuild the territory with a focus on long-term resilience and sustainability.

However, Bayrou's plan includes a controversial decision to ban the rebuilding of shanty towns, which has sparked significant debate.

Recent developments in Saudi Arabia highlight the nation’s multifaceted approach to sustainability, economic empowerment, and infrastructural enhancements. The Saudi Green Initiative is at the forefront of tackling biodiversity loss and imbalanced ecosystems. Key strategies involve an ambitious plan to plant 10 billion trees and rehabilitate 40 million hectares by 2030. Furthermore, the initiative aims to protect 30% of land and marine areas, which is crucial for maintaining ecosystem stability and food security. According to Arab News , the CEO of the Saudi National Center for Wildlife, Mohammad Qurban, has underscored the interconnectedness of species and the potential consequences of ecosystem disturbances, which, according to the UN, endanger a million species worldwide. Recent investments, amounting to $188 billion, were announced during COP16, reaffirming Saudi Arabia’s commitment to sustainable development in line with global initiatives.

Forbes Middle East Women’s Summit 2024

The Forbes Middle East Women’s Summit is set to take place on December 18-19, 2024, in Riyadh, serving as a platform to celebrate and promote women's accomplishments in various sectors. The summit will feature prominent speakers, including members of the royal family, and will aim to inspire dialogue and collaboration through workshops and cultural showcases. This initiative reflects the broader objectives of Vision 2030, aiming to enhance the status of women in the region, Zawya reports.

Failure to reach deal on global drought action

UN talks in Riyadh aimed at establishing global frameworks for drought action concluded without concrete agreements, despite extensive discussions. The talks focused on enhancing funding for early warning systems and improving infrastructure resilience, especially in high-risk regions like Africa. However, UNCCD Executive Secretary Ibrahim Thiaw suggested that further negotiations will be necessary to reach a consensus, with future discussions slated for COP17 in Mongolia 2026. As reported by News.AZ , the importance of addressing droughts is underscored by the UN’s report, indicating that they result in annual economic losses exceeding $300 billion and could have far-reaching impacts on global populations by 2050.

191 new aircraft to prepare for Expo 2030 and FIFA World Cup 2034

Saudi Arabia is also preparing for significant international events with Expo 2030 and the FIFA World Cup 2034. The nation is set to transform its aviation capabilities, with Riyadh Air acquiring 60 A321neo Family planes and planning to expand its fleet significantly by 2032. This strategic expansion includes the recruitment of a substantial number of pilots and cabin crew, indicative of the country’s desire to bolster its role as a major tourism destination. Interactions on international air routes are also expected to double, matching the expected influx of visitors, FL360 reports.

Inflation reaches 2% in November

In economic terms, Saudi Arabia's inflation rate, which rose to 2% in November, reflects key trends in various sectors, particularly housing, which saw a notable increase. According to Investing.com , despite fluctuations in specific categories such as transportation and food prices, the overall inflation remains relatively stable compared to global standards, and forecasts suggest a medium-term stabilization around the 2% mark, as projected by the International Monetary Fund. This economic analysis highlights the dynamics of the local market amidst broader global economic conditions.

In the San Martin region, Peru's transport and communications ministry has initiated a groundbreaking project aimed at connecting over 220 localities to fibre broadband. As reported by Telecompaper , this investment of approximately USD 68 million is designed to provide free high-speed internet access to schools and health clinics, thereby benefiting an estimated 192,000 residents in currently underserved areas. This move is pivotal in enhancing digital inclusion and improving access to essential services in rural communities.

Pope meets journalists covering Peru scandals

Pope Francis has shown support for investigative journalists reporting on scandals involving the Sodalitium Christianae Vitae (SCV) in Peru. Meeting with journalists Pedro Salinas, Paola Ugaz, and Elise Ann Allen, the Pope reaffirmed the Vatican's commitment to investigate allegations of sexual abuse and financial misconduct within the SCV. According to Crux , he addressed the journalists' concerns relating to ongoing abuses and the necessity for an independent commission for victim compensation, promising a favourable outcome from the ongoing investigations. This audience signifies the Vatican’s stance on protecting investigative journalists from harassment in their pursuit of truth.

Peru upgrades armoured fleet with South Korean K808 IFVs, K2 tanks

In terms of military advancements, Peru is modernising its armoured fleet by acquiring military equipment from South Korea. The procurement includes 30 K808 "White Tiger" armoured personnel carriers, along with plans for approximately 100 K2 "Black Panther" main battle tanks, as part of a strategy to replace outdated Soviet-era vehicles. This $60 million deal marks a historic first for South Korea in supplying armoured vehicles to Latin America and is anticipated to foster long-term collaboration for defence modernization between Hyundai Rotem and Peru’s FAME S.A.C. This collaboration reflects Peru’s shift towards strengthening ties with Western nations while enhancing its military capabilities to address modern challenges effectively, Global Defence News reports.

Blueberries and avocados lead Peru’s agricultural exports

Peru's agricultural sector has also experienced remarkable growth, primarily driven by the export of blueberries and avocados. For the first ten months of 2024, blueberry exports surged to $1.64 billion, a 50.7% increase, while avocado shipments rose to $1.23 billion, up by 29% compared to the previous year. This growth was underscored during a cooperation agreement announcement between the Association of Exporters of Peru (Adex) and the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation, aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural practices, according to EuroFruit . Notably, the United States remains the largest market for Peruvian agricultural products, illustrating the global reach and demand for these commodities.

Peruvian faith leaders celebrate 10 years of religious freedom

On November 28, 2024, the Interreligious Council of Peru convened in Lima to commemorate a decade of the "Commitment for Peru" agreement, which upholds essential values such as life, religious freedom, and family rights. The meeting saw the participation of faith leaders, including Elder Jorge T. Becerra, who underscored the significance of interfaith unity in addressing social issues. According to The Church of Jesus Christ , the gathering also acknowledged key contributors to the agreement, highlighting its ongoing relevance amidst global discussions on tolerance and human rights, particularly in light of the 42nd anniversary of the UN’s “Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance.”

Recycling offers a pathway to sustainable resource management, helping to reduce waste and lessen environmental impact. According to IPEN research, each material—plastic, glass, paper, or aluminium—has its challenges and benefits.

Plastics are widely used, but only 9% are effectively recycled. Issues like toxicity and microplastic pollution complicate the recycling process, and most plastics can only be recycled once or twice , limiting their reuse potential.

Concerns about disposal methods, such as plastic incineration, which releases pollutants into the air, also persist. In response, countries like Kenya have implemented laws to reduce plastic bag usage and minimise plastic waste.

Recycling paper uses less energy than creating new paper from trees, making it a more sustainable option compared to plastic. However, if not managed carefully, paper recycling can still lead to water pollution. Paper fibres also degrade in quality with each cycle, limiting their reuse. In Asia, recycled paper is often repurposed for books or school supplies, maximising its value.

Recycling aluminium is highly efficient, saving 95% of the energy required to produce new aluminium. Unlike many other materials, aluminium can be recycled indefinitely without losing quality, making it one of the most sustainable resources to reuse.

Glass is another highly recyclable material that retains its quality through each cycle. When recycled locally, glass waste is diverted from landfills, where it would otherwise take thousands of years to decompose. However, some areas' low awareness about recycling practices highlights a need for more community education.

Switzerland : For the 14th consecutive year, Switzerland holds the top spot. The country is known for its strong performance in knowledge and technology outputs.

Sweden : Maintaining its second position, Sweden leads in infrastructure and business sophistication. It also ranks highly in human capital and research.

United States : The US remains third, excelling in the quality of its universities, scientific publications, and intellectual property receipts. It continues to be a powerhouse in software spending and technological advancements.

Singapore : Moving up to fourth place, Singapore leads in 14 out of 78 GII indicators, including innovation inputs. Its strategic focus on technology and business sophistication is not left out.

United Kingdom: The UK is fifth with its strong performances in innovation outputs and creative outputs. Its vibrant research community and high-quality institutions contribute significantly to its ranking.

South Korea : Climbing to sixth place, South Korea is recognised for its high R&D expenditures and production complexity. It ranks second globally in the number of researchers and R&D performed by businesses.

Finland : Finland's emphasis on education and research, coupled with its innovative business practices, secures its place in the top ten.

Netherlands : Known for its innovative business environment and strong knowledge absorption, the Netherlands is a global leader in innovation.

Germany : Germany's strong industrial base and strong focus on R&D make it a key player in global innovation. It excels in manufacturing and technological advancements.

Denmark : Denmark's innovative public sector and a strong emphasis on sustainability and green technologies help it maintain a top ten position.

The villagers, from the semi-nomadic Moken community, live on the beach amidst discarded polystyrene and other refuse. Tide co-founder Marc Krebs says "There is more than enough plastic in our world " that should be reused.

“You have to start somewhere… We are quite convinced that we are at the beginning of a new wave," he said. 

Tide's model uses blockchain technology to track plastic from collection to finished products, like carpets made in the Netherlands. Condor Group director Jan Hoekman calls Tide "really unique" for its social impact and transparency.

"We did a lot of research, and Tide is really unique with indeed the social impact, but also their blockchain technology. You can follow the product from collection to the final product, which you see here. That's all transparent, which is very important if you talk about sustainability," Hoekman told the AFP.

Tide is one of several start-up initiatives tackling ocean plastic pollution . As Krebs states, "the more products that are being launched and proved that the quality is just the same, convinces others to switch."

The primary goal of COP16 is to secure at least $20 billion annually by 2025 and $30 billion by 2030 from developed to developing countries.

This funding is essential to bridge the estimated $700 billion annual biodiversity finance gap.

"It would be very helpful if developed countries could increase the messages that they are going to meet the development financing target, and also that we can have an open and frank discussion to find the mechanisms that will help us meet the challenge we face," she said.

Muhamad, however, remains optimistic, stating, "While the road ahead is complex, the commitment of the international community to protect our planet's biodiversity gives us hope. We must continue to work together, innovate, and find common ground to meet these critical funding targets."

The 16th Conference of the Parties (COP16) to the Convention on Biological Diversity is a significant global event focused on biodiversity conservation .

Held in Cali, Colombia, from October 21 to November 1, 2024, the conference aims to address critical issues related to biodiversity loss and develop actionable plans to protect and restore ecosystems.