The timeline shows that Finland was the first European country to grant women full voting rights in 1906, while Liechtenstein became the last in 1984, highlighting the long and uneven path toward political equality.

Finland made history in 1906 when it granted women both the right to vote and the right to stand for election. According to the European Parliament’s historical archives, Finland was also the first European country to elect women to parliament, with 19 women elected in the 1907 parliamentary elections.

This milestone positioned Finland as a global pioneer in democratic participation and women’s political rights.

Shortly afterwards, other Nordic nations followed:

World War I accelerated suffrage across Europe

A major wave of reform occurred following World War I , when many European governments expanded democratic rights amid social and political change.

Several countries granted women voting rights during this period:

Historians note that women’s contributions to wartime labour and public life helped strengthen the case for political equality.

According to Britannica, the suffrage movement across Europe had been growing since the late 19th century, but the war accelerated political reforms.

In contrast to Northern and Central Europe, several countries in Southern Europe introduced women’s suffrage later in the 20th century.

Key milestones include:

France’s decision came after decades of debate. Women first voted in French municipal elections in 1945, shortly after the end of World War II, following a decree issued by the provisional government led by Charles de Gaulle.

Italy followed shortly after, allowing women to vote in a 1946 referendum that abolished the monarchy and established the Italian Republic.

Despite Europe’s democratic reputation, some countries introduced women’s suffrage much later.

Switzerland granted women the right to vote at the federal level in 1971, after a national referendum approved the reform.

Even more striking, Liechtenstein did not allow women to vote until 1984 , when male voters narrowly approved the measure in a national referendum. The vote passed by a margin of just 51%.

The gradual expansion of suffrage across Europe reflects broader social and political transformations throughout the 20th century.

Women’s suffrage movements were driven by decades of activism, including demonstrations, petitions, and campaigns led by suffragists across Europe.

Today, universal suffrage is widely recognised as a fundamental pillar of democracy. Yet historians often note that the path to equal political rights varied dramatically across countries.

The appointment has been framed by Ugandan officials and supporters as recognition of the country’s engagement with international gender equality frameworks. Uganda succeeds Sweden, whose presidency was led by Ambassador and Permanent Representative Nicola Clase, and will now oversee the Executive Board’s work guiding UN Women’s policies , programmes and budget during the coming year.

However, Uganda’s new role has also prompted scrutiny from critics and civil society voices, who point to persistent challenges facing women within the country. These include concerns raised by human rights advocates about limited legal protections in cases of marital rape, widespread sexual harassment, and high levels of gender-based violence, issues that continue to shape public debate around women’s rights in Uganda.

The contrast between Uganda’s domestic challenges and its leadership position within UN Women highlights broader tensions within global governance, where representation and responsibility often coexist with unresolved national issues. As president of the Executive Board, Uganda is expected to play a central role in steering discussions on gender equality worldwide, placing its policies and commitments under renewed international attention.

The mobilisations were organised by the national movement Levante Mulheres Vivas and came amid a rise in femicides. Official data show that São Paulo recorded 166 femicides between January and August 2025, up from 152 in the same period the previous year, a trend that has intensified pressure on authorities to respond.

Some participants emphasised that the issue extends beyond individual cases, pointing to systemic failures and longstanding cultural norms. One demonstrator highlighted that stronger legislation is needed to address the deaths of women who are “workers and care for their children ,” reflecting frustration over perceived government inaction.

Others stressed that men must be engaged directly in efforts to dismantle misogyny and prevent femicide. As one protester, Flora, said: "Violence against women is an agenda that needs to be addressed… we have to demand that public authorities and men put an end to this culture of rape and violence against women."

While most nations, regardless of income level, mandate paid leave as a basic workplace protection, the U.S. continues to provide none at the federal level, placing it alongside countries such as Papua New Guinea, Suriname, and Tonga.

This reality is well-documented by Globalisation Partners. Their country-by-country comparison shows that even nations with limited resources mandate some form of paid leave, underscoring just how unusual the U.S. position is.

The absence of mandated paid leave is becoming more urgent as the U.S. wrestles with maternal health concerns, workplace inequality, and growing public pressure for family-support policies .

Globally, organisations such as the International Labour Organisation (ILO) emphasise that paid maternity leave is essential for maternal well-being, child development, and stable employment. The ILO recommends at least 14 weeks of paid leave to meet basic international standards.

As other countries expand parental benefits to address demographic change and support their workforce s, the U.S. remains one of the last holdouts. The debate has taken on new weight amid ongoing political discussions and increasing attention to childcare access, family costs, and workforce retention.

On 21 November, women in South Africa will be staging silent protests and intend to halt economic activity for 15 minutes because of what they say is government failure to tackle the issue and asking it to be declared a "national disaster".

Amid this backdrop of violence and what some describe as institutional failure, a growing number of women are choosing to arm themselves as a form of self-protection. One of the most visible expressions of this trend is Girls On Fire , a training initiative founded by Gun Owners South Africa (GOSA).

Since it started around 2015, thousands of women have gone through its firearm-introduction sessions. These trainings don’t just teach how to shoot, they emphasise legal knowledge, situational awareness, how to carry a weapon safely, and how to think deliberately about when and why to use it.

For many of these women, the decision to own or train with a gun comes from a painful place, the belief that the police are overstretched or slow to respond, and that attackers often strike when law enforcement is nowhere in sight.

As one instructor put it, “a firearm, coupled with the right mindset, is one way that a woman can protect herself effectively from someone bigger, stronger … or several such miscreants.”

While some see it as empowerment, others warn it’s a dangerous gamble. Crime- and gender-justice analysts point to the risks of firearms in households, especially in intimate partner scenarios.

Research shows that legal guns are frequently used in femicides, lethal killings of women by their partners. There’s also data linking legal gun ownership to intimate femicide-suicide, where the perpetrator kills a partner and then themselves.

As more women apply for gun licenses, the risk associated with licensed firearms remains alarmingly high. A recent policy briefing found a correlation between increased gun licensing and a rise in gun-related femicides, noting that over the past several years, tens of thousands of legally owned firearms have entered civilian hands.

Despite existing policies and national strategies, the reality on the ground suggests that many women feel they cannot rely on the system for protection. The National Strategic Plan on GBV, for instance, includes pillars for prevention, justice, and survivor support, but the persistent violence and high femicide rates show how far there is to go.

The new rule applies to women aged 18 to 52, and does not require a medical certificate. Officials estimate that 350,000 to 400,000 women will benefit.

However, it excludes the much larger informal workforce of roughly six million women, including domestic workers, daily-wage labourers and gig workers, a gap experts say should be addressed.

Still, the move is being widely described as a landmark step, particularly because it covers private-sector employees regardless of their job type or contract.

Countries such as Spain, Japan, South Korea and Indonesia already offer menstrual leave, and in India, states like Bihar and Odisha provide limited leave for government workers. Karnataka’s decision, however, represents the broadest rollout yet in the country.

Karnataka Labour Minister Santosh Lad called the measure “one of the most progressive policy decisions” for women. The IT industry’s trade association, Nasscom, said many companies in the state already offer menstrual leave, and that complying with the government order would not be difficult.

Worker groups welcomed the move. Pratibha R, who leads the local Garment and Textile Workers’ Union, noted that many garment workers receive only 11 days of leave per year.

But the policy has stirred debate. Some women say discussing menstruation at work is still uncomfortable in a society where the topic remains taboo.

“How can one go and seek menstrual leave when we don’t even speak about it?” asked Anunita Kundu, a software manager.

Bhutan continues to face deep challenges in increasing women’s participation in national leadership. Women currently hold only 7% of parliamentary seats, a stark reminder of the gender gap that persists in political representation. Policymakers and civil society groups have called for bold reforms to encourage more women to step into decision-making roles, especially in governance and public administration. Experts stress that representation in leadership not only reflects equality but also strengthens the nation’s democratic resilience and policy inclusiveness. Without significant structural and institutional changes, women’s voices may continue to be underrepresented at the national level.

Weak support systems keep women out of politics

A recent survey underscores the socio-cultural and institutional barriers preventing Bhutanese women from entering politics. Many potential candidates face limited access to campaign funding, mentorship, and family support, compounded by persistent social expectations about gender roles. Analysts note that without a robust support system, including training programs, inclusive party policies, and childcare infrastructure, few women will be able to overcome these barriers. The findings renew calls for both government and civil society to create enabling conditions for women’s political participation and leadership development.

Sherubtse College students lead call for gender equality during SDG Week

In an inspiring show of youth activism , students from Sherubtse College took the lead during Bhutan’s SDG Partnership Week, championing gender equality and women’s empowerment. Through discussions, art, and campus-wide forums, students emphasised that gender inclusion is critical to achieving Bhutan’s development goals and aligning with global sustainability targets. Their advocacy also highlights the growing role of young Bhutanese voices in shaping the country’s social progress narrative, as more students push for gender-sensitive education, workplace equality, and awareness campaigns across institutions.

RENEW opens two new centres to support women and families

In a significant step toward combating gender-based violence and strengthening social welfare, RENEW, a leading Bhutanese non-profit organisation, has launched two new community service centres. These facilities aim to provide safe spaces for survivors of abuse and offer counselling, legal aid, and vocational training for women and families in need. The initiative is part of Bhutan’s broader commitment to promoting equality and community resilience. It also reflects the growing collaboration between local NGOs, government agencies, and international partners to address gender inequality at both the grassroots and national levels.

A Gambian woman, Mariama Naba Darboe, was arraigned this week at the Brusubi Magistrates’ Court for allegedly insulting President Adama Barrow in violation of the new Criminal Offences Act, 2025. Prosecutors claim Darboe referred to the President as a “motherfucker” on July 5 in Tanji, an act now criminalised under Section 107(2), which prohibits "parental insults" against senior public officials, Foroyaa reports. She pleaded not guilty when the charge was read in Mandinka. Prosecutor ASP O. Bobb requested that Darboe surrender her travel documents as part of bail conditions, but her lawyer, F. Conteh, objected. “The offence charged is a misdemeanor, not a felony,” she argued. Magistrate Jallow ruled in favour of bail at D50,000 (approximately $700)with two Gambian sureties and the deposit of all travel documents.

Rights group welcomes landmark ECOWAS ruling on FGM

The Women in Liberation & Leadership (WILL) group has praised the ECOWAS Court of Justice ruling against Sierra Leone for failing to outlaw female genital mutilation (FGM). In a statement, WILL called the ruling “a monumental step forward in the fight against FGM” and “a resounding affirmation of the rights of women and girls across the region.” The court ruled Sierra Leone violated international human rights by failing to criminalise FGM, referencing obligations under the Maputo Protocol and African Charter. “This ruling could not have come at a more pivotal moment for The Gambia,” the group said, noting the country’s Supreme Court is currently hearing a constitutional challenge to its 2015 FGM ban, the Standard reports.

MPs block attempt to restore diaspora voting rights

Lawmakers on Tuesday again rejected Clause 14 of the Elections Bill, dashing hopes of reinstating diaspora voting. Lamin Ceesay (Kiang West) moved a motion to rescind the earlier decision, citing a Supreme Court ruling that confirmed voting rights for Gambians abroad. “This clause is cardinal in the evolution of our electoral system,” he said. “The Constitution guarantees the right of all Gambians to vote, regardless of where they live. We must act to give effect to that right,” Foroyaa quotes Ceesay. Despite citing constitutional sections including 39(1) and 100(2)(b), the motion was not carried, maintaining the status quo and sparking concern among diaspora rights advocates.

Justice Ministry received 619 prosecution files in five years

Attorney General Dawda A. Jallow told Parliament that his ministry received 619 criminal case files from 2021 to 2025. These included cases of murder, rape, fraud, and robbery. However, he cautioned that the data were manually compiled due to the absence of a digital case management system. “Due to the limited time given for the submission of this answer, I am not able to provide detailed information regarding the status of all these cases,” he said. Jallow stressed the urgent need for digital reform, “It remains a serious concern that the Attorney General cannot, in this digital age, generate such information instantly from his desk,” Fatu Network reports.

Parliament rejects draft constitution for second time

For the second time since 2020, Gambia’s lawmakers have voted down a draft constitution. The 2024 Promulgation Bill failed to achieve the three-quarters majority required to move forward, garnering just 35 votes in favor and 21 against. Justice Minister Dawda A. Jallow, who tabled the bill, expressed disappointment, “This is the second time the Assembly has rejected an opportunity to usher in a new republican era for The Gambia. Constitutional reform transcends partisan politics and speaks to the very soul of our nation.” The bill proposed key democratic reforms such as presidential term limits and a 50%+1 election win threshold. Its failure is viewed as a significant setback to post-Jammeh reforms, Foroyaa reports. 

Despite repeated commitments, Gumbonzvanda stressed that women and girls remain disproportionately affected by poverty, unpaid care work, gender-based violence, and exclusion from decision-making. “These disparities are not accidents , they reflect fiscal and financial systems that systematically ignore or reinforce patterns of discrimination, especially for women in marginalized communities, including women with disabilities,” she said.

Gumbonzvanda emphasised that investing in gender equality is not just a moral imperative but an economic one. “The economic case of action is overwhelming. Closing gender gaps in employment could add trillions of dollars to global GDP,” she noted.

Yet current investments fall far short. “We continue to underinvest in half of the world ’s population, a devastating waste of human potential and economic opportunity,” she warned. “The urgency has never been greater. Intersecting crises, debt burdens, climate impacts and economic instability are deepening gender inequalities at alarming rates.”

With just five years left to achieve the SDGs, UN Women is calling on governments, development banks, and the private sector to step up their commitments. “The private sector must scale up gender lens investing, supporting women-led enterprises and inclusive supply chains,” Gumbonzvanda urged. “Without transformative financing for gender equality, we will fail not only SDG5 but the entire 2030 Agenda.”

In a landmark decision, 54.3% of Italians voted in favour of establishing a republic, bringing an end to the reign of the House of Savoy and setting the stage for the birth of modern Italy.

The referendum was the first national vote in which Italian women were enfranchised, marking a milestone for democracy and gender equality. The vote was conducted against the backdrop of World War II’s devastation and the collapse of Mussolini’s fascist regime, a period marked by a deep desire for national renewal.

The Northern and Central parts of Italy such as Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Piedmont and Lombardy overwhelmingly favoured a republic, with some provinces reaching over 80% support, while Southern Italy and the islands: Sicily, Calabria and Campania displayed strong monarchist support, with votes exceeding 60% in some areas.

This regional divide reflected historical, economic, and cultural factors, including the monarchy’s longstanding ties to the South and the North’s embrace of modernist and anti-fascist sentiments.

The northern provinces—such as Veneto (85%) and Piedmont (85%)—delivered a decisive vote for the republic, reflecting the region’s industrial base and active resistance during the war .

On the other hand, regions like Campania (40.6%), Calabria (39.7%), and Sicily (39.0%) saw monarchist majorities, highlighting the South’s conservative leanings and the monarchy’s influence in the region.

The final tally was:

The 1946 referendum was more than a political choice; it represented a catharsis for a nation emerging from dictatorship, war, and occupation. It laid the groundwork for the Italian Republic, which was formally proclaimed on June 18, 1946, and culminated in the adoption of the Italian Constitution in 1948.

This transition also marked the end of the Savoy monarchy’s rule, with King Umberto II leaving Italy in exile.

“I’m not worried about women in the film industry,” Davis told AFP. “We’re used to adversity… and now we’re becoming the change we want to see.”

Ongmakagne’s announcement distinguishes her from a field of already-declared male candidates, making her a symbol of new energy and a potential change agent.

She will be contesting against the incumbent President, Paul Biya, now 92, seeking an eighth term after more than four decades in power.

Although she is not yet a known figure in Cameroon’s political sphere, Ongmakagne brings a background in business and fashion leadership to the race. She described her transition from the creative world to the political arena as a call to service and national transformation.

“I believe in a united, prosperous Cameroon, where everyone has their place. We need a new dynamic, a new era where the doors are open. I believe in a Cameroon that can catch up with the world and embrace globalisation,” she said.

In her video address, Ongmakagne framed her campaign as a “fight of light against darkness,” invoking a vision of peace , dignity, and national unity.

She called on Cameroonians to join her in ending fear and oppression, urging citizens to be active participants “in putting an end to the oppression and fear.”

While Ongmakagne is the first female to declare her candidacy for the 2025 race, she follows in the footsteps of  Edith Kabbang Walla , who was the only female candidate in the 2011 election and the first Cameroonian woman to announce a presidential bid.

The court’s decision was based on the definition of biological sex in the Equality Act 2010.

The decision ends a six-year-long legal battle between the Scottish government and campaign group For Women Scotland.

It also settles questions about who can be counted as a woman in laws that are meant to protect women’s rights.

Lord Hodge, one of the top judges, delivered the ruling in a detailed judgment that took almost 17 minutes to explain in court. The full ruling is 88 pages long.

Why the court made this decision

According to the judges, the Equality Act clearly defines the conditions under which various groups should be protected. In their view, changing the definition of sex to include those with gender recognition certificates would make the law confusing and hard to apply.

“The definition of sex in the Equality Act 2010 makes clear that the concept of sex is binary. A person is either a woman or a man,” part of the ruling said.

The judges also said using different meanings for words like “woman” would create unfairness, especially if some transgender people had legal recognition while others did not.

That would lead to groups with mixed rights, which, according to the judges, was not practical.

In simple terms, they found that the law protects people based on whether they are biologically male or female, not what is written on a certificate.

What the judges based their ruling on

The UK Supreme Court gave nine main reasons for saying that the Equality Act 2010 uses the word “woman” to mean someone born female.

The judges said the law protects people from discrimination based on sex and gender reassignment, but the meaning of sex must stay clear and consistent.

The first reason was that the Equality Act is built around group protections. It protects people as part of a group, like all women or all men, and not just individuals. This means sex needs a clear, shared meaning.

Secondly, they said the law must be applied in a way that is “clear and consistent”. Changing what the word “woman” means in some parts of the law would create confusion.

Third, using “certified sex” (the sex on a Gender Recognition Certificate) instead of biological sex would mix people into groups that were never meant to be mixed under the law. This would make it hard to apply the rules.

Fourth, they said that the ordinary meaning of “sex discrimination” in the law is about biological sex, not legal documents or identity.

Fifth, if “woman” could mean different things in different parts of the law, the whole Act would stop making sense. For example, rules about pregnancy clearly apply only to biological women.

Sixth, if the Scottish government’s view were used, it would create two groups of trans people — those with legal certificates and those without. The judges said this would be unfair and confusing, especially since who has a certificate is private information.

Seventh, using gender certificates to define “woman” would mean some people have more rights than others, which was not the aim of the law.

Eighth, they said the Scottish government’s rules went against the purpose of the Equality Act and could not legally change what the law means.

The ninth reason was that letting ministers change the meaning of a word in a UK-wide law like the Equality Act was not allowed. Only the UK Parliament can do that.

What this means for transgender people

While many supporters of For Women Scotland were seen crying, hugging, and celebrating outside the court, the judges made it clear this was not a victory over transgender people.

“This should not be seen as a triumph for one group over another,” said Lord Hodge, who read the ruling .

The court also stressed that transgender people still have legal protection under the Equality Act. Being transgender, also called gender reassignment in the law, remains a protected characteristic.

A person can still face discrimination for being trans, and the law says they must not be treated unfairly. Even without a Gender Recognition Certificate, transgender people are still protected.

How the dispute started

The case began in 2018 after the Scottish government passed a law to increase the number of women on public boards. The law included some transgender women in the count.

For Women Scotland challenged that decision. They said only people born female should be included in targets set for women, such as filling 50% of non-executive roles on public boards.

The court agreed, indicating that including trans women in the count of women for these targets is not supported by the legal meaning of the word “woman” in the Equality Act.

Reactions from both sides

Supporters of For Women Scotland were emotional and joyful after the ruling. Some called the women who brought the case “she-roes” and celebrated outside the court by singing, “women’s rights are human rights.”

Baroness Kishwer Falkner, chair of the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC), said the decision answered difficult questions about protecting single-sex spaces and same-sex rights.

Former MP Harriet Harman, who helped write the Equality Act, said the court made the right call. “Single-sex spaces for women are important and can exclude trans women, but only where necessary,” she told the BBC .

Trans rights groups, however, urged calm. Scottish Trans, a charity in Edinburgh, told people not to panic.

“There will be a lot of talk that overstates how this will affect trans people,” the group said in a message online. “Please look after yourselves and each other today.”

What happens next?

This ruling is a major moment in the UK’s gender rights debate. The case was adjourned in court after Lord Hodge concluded the judgment by saying that the court had allowed the appeal by For Women Scotland, having outlined a number of reasons why.

Although the case is concluded, it is likely to return to the political arena as campaigners on both sides push for change.

"I was not elected because I am a woman, but on merit," she declared in her speech in the capital, Windhoek, as she took office in a ceremony attended by several African heads of state, including leaders from Angola, South Africa , and Tanzania.

The 72-year-old veteran politician succeeds outgoing president Nangolo Mbumba, 83, extending the rule of the South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO), which has governed Namibia since gaining independence from apartheid South Africa in 1990. Nandi-Ndaitwah, who previously served as vice president, has been a key figure in Namibia’s politics and a long-time member of SWAPO.

Her inauguration, coinciding with Namibia’s 35th Independence Day celebrations, had to be moved from the Independence Stadium to the State House due to rare heavy rains, the AFP reports. The ceremony was marked by applause and ululations as Nandi-Ndaitwah, popularly known as "NNN," took the oath of office.

In a powerful moment before her speech, she called on past and present women leaders in the audience to stand, including Liberia’s Nobel Peace laureate and former president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Tanzania ’s President Samia Suluhu Hassan—the only other woman currently leading an African nation.

Namibia, a country rich in uranium and diamonds, is one of the world ’s leading producers of these valuable resources.

The latest protests in Dhaka were sparked by several high-profile cases of sexual harassment, with demonstrators demanding stronger protections for women. Dhaka University student Jannatul Promi highlighted the pervasive sense of insecurity among young women.

“Since I don't live in the university dorm, I don’t feel safe staying on campus after evening. I constantly worry about how I will get home. Our society has become like this now – women cannot feel safe going out alone at night. And considering the recent incidents we have witnessed, it becomes even harder to feel courageous. Change is absolutely necessary. That’s why we feel that we must continue our movement. That’s why we have boycotted our classes and exams,” she told the AFP.

Maleka Banu, general secretary of Bangladesh Mohila Parishad, the country’s oldest feminist organisation, warned about the growing influence of anti-women forces in society. “ At present, we are seeing many anti-women forces gaining a lot of momentum. And they are becoming much bolder. They are attacking women on the streets for many excuses, whether it be mob attacks, personal attacks, silently or openly,” she stated. She also criticised the government’s response, urging authorities to take decisive action rather than merely expressing concern. “You can certainly express concern, but that alone is not enough from the state. Effective measures need to be taken, and a clear message must be sent.”

The rise in extremist activities has led to growing instances of harassment in public spaces. Nishat Tanjim Nera, an anti-rape protester and student, shared a troubling incident she witnessed on public transport. “ One day, I saw a man following a girl in the metro. Then the man told the girl, ‘Your dress is not appropriate.’ When I asked him, ‘Who gave you the right to say this?’ he left. I believe that in the present, women are suffering from a lack of security,” she said.

Natasha recounted her ordeal before a gathering of international legislators, “I come with a heavy heart from Nigeria,” she began. “But first, I’d like to apologise to honourable members - I am not here to bring shame to my country. I am here to seek help for the women of Nigeria.”

She explained that on March 6, 2025, she was suspended from the Nigerian Senate for submitting a petition of sexual harassment against Senate President Godswill Akpabio. She had hoped for a fair and transparent investigation, but instead, she was penalised and silenced.

“My suspension came with severe conditions : my security was withdrawn, my official vehicles and other entitlements were taken away, my salary was cut off, and I was barred from appearing near the National Assembly. For six months, I am not allowed to present myself as a senator, either locally or internationally,” Natasha detailed.

She condemned her suspension as an orchestrated attempt to sideline women in Nigeria’s political landscape, adding, “If a female senator can be treated this way in full public view, imagine what ordinary Nigerian women face every day in workplaces and universities.”

In response, the President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), Tulia Ackson, acknowledged Natasha’s concerns and assured that the organisation would take steps to address the matter while also hearing from the Nigerian delegation.

“Dear colleagues, there was a matter that arose during the first session which we had this morning, the matter that was raised by our colleague from Nigeria, Senator Natasha. We have heard her concerns, and as an institution, the IPU will be taking the concerns raised, not only taking her side but also giving a chance to listen to the other side as is customary for the IPU,” Ackson stated.

She emphasised the need for a balanced approach, noting that while Natasha’s concerns had been heard, it was essential to allow the Nigerian delegation to also present its perspective before action would be taken.

Senate denies suspension over harassment claim

Meanwhile, the Nigerian Senate has clarified that Senator Natasha Akpoti’s suspension was not linked to her sexual harassment allegations against the Senate President. Instead, the upper chamber stated that she was suspended for violating Sections 6.1 and 6.2 of the Senate Standing Orders 2023 (as amended).

Droughts have destroyed farms, leaving many women without food or income.

With few options, some have turned to fishing and only can rely on fishermen to get their catch because they do not have their own boats. In return, many fishermen are demanding sex instead of money.

A woman named Martha shared her experience. She has a fishing net but no boat. “They demand sex in exchange for cheaper fish,” she said.

Another woman, Palekelo, said she was told she would not get any fish unless she first spent the night with a fisherman.

Gender-based violence is a growing problem in Zambia. The country recorded more than 42,000 cases in both 2023 and 2024. Many more cases go unreported.

ActionAid , an international organisation, had been running programs in Zambia to protect women and provide safe spaces.

However, funding cuts from the U.S. and other countries have forced these programs to shut down. The loss of aid has worsened the crisis, leaving women even more vulnerable.

Faides TembaTemba, who leads ActionAid Zambia, told Euronews , “No mother should have to trade her safety to keep her children from starving.”

With more droughts expected in the future, the situation could become even worse. Millions of Zambians are at risk of hunger, and women in fishing communities remain at the mercy of those who control access to food.

Speaking on International Women’s Day, she expressed gratitude to persons who have fought to change old ways of thinking and give women better chances in life.

She said women should be able to lead in any field and reach their dreams without being held back because of their gender.

Highlighting some of the many evident problems, she noted how women still face violence at home, are judged more for their looks than their skills, and struggle with expectations from a male-dominated society.

The government plans to change laws that discriminate against women, improve maternity leave, make childcare better, and support projects that help women become financially independent.

Thailand’s Public Health Minister, Somsak Thepsutin, also spoke about the country’s healthcare system.

Thai women have equal access to healthcare under the national health scheme. He highlighted that breast cancer is the most common cancer among Thai women. The government has now expanded free screenings, including mammograms and ultrasounds, for women over 40 with a family history of breast cancer.

Democrat Party spokeswoman Janejira Rattanapian said International Women’s Day should not just be a symbolic event but a moment for real change.

 She called for more women in leadership, stronger laws against gender-based violence, and financial support for women to help them succeed.

"It is a reminder to the president that we all want to arrive free, alive, and with our rights," said one demonstrator.

Activists are urging the new leader to take decisive action on gender violence, equality, and justice for women across Mexico.

The annual tournament gathers wrestlers from 11 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Member States as part of the organisation’s 50th Anniversary Celebration. However, this year’s edition is notable not only for introducing a women’s division but also for the absence of athletes from Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger following their breakaway from ECOWAS.

Female wrestlers from across the region have embraced this opportunity, challenging long-standing gender stereotypes in the sport. Celine Bakayoko, a competitor from Ivory Coast, highlighted the significance of this moment. “Only 40 percent of people believe that women can wrestle, especially in Africa,” she said. “Men say it's not a woman's place, that women belong in the kitchen or should take care of children . But I say there is no sport just for men,” she told the AFP.

Bakayoko expressed joy at the long-overdue inclusion of women in the tournament. “From the first edition to the twelfth, there were no women. We’re delighted because women know how to fight. We just needed the chance,” she added.

Yvonne Ami, another Ivorian wrestler, echoed this sentiment, calling the event a major step forward. “It’s an honour for us women to participate in this tournament. It opens the door for gender equality in wrestling, and that truly makes me happy,” she said.

Why was she suspended?

The controversy began on February 20, 2025, when Akpoti-Uduaghan arrived at the Senate chamber to find her seat reassigned and her nameplate removed. Protesting the move, she engaged in a heated exchange with Akpabio, which escalated into a formal petition on March 5, accusing him of misconduct.

Despite a court order on March 6 barring the Senate from investigating her for alleged misconduct, the legislative body went ahead with the suspension.

The ruling by  Justice Obiora Egwuatu of the Federal High Court in Abuja had directed the Senate to justify its probe within 72 hours, but the order was ignored.

Senate dismisses allegations, demands apology

Dismissing her sexual harassment claims as “frivolous,” the Senate demanded that Akpoti-Uduaghan issue a written apology to Akpabio.

Meanwhile, Atai Afe Annang, a sociopolitical group from Akpabio’s home state, Akwa Ibom, called for her recall from the Senate, arguing that her actions were inappropriate.

Obong Blaise Awakama, the group’s leader, stated, "We are not satisfied with just a suspension. She should be properly advised, reoriented, or even replaced. No female senator should be used as a tool to defame him. If this is an organized political plot to remove him, we won’t stand idly by.”

Akpabio's denial

Akpabio has firmly denied the allegations, stating, “Since February 20, I have received numerous calls from Nigerians regarding this issue. I want to make it clear that I have never sexually harassed Senator Natasha Akpoti-Uduaghan,” he said at the start of Wednesday’s plenary session.

Legal experts condemn suspension

Legal analysts have slammed the Senate’s decision, calling it unconstitutional and illegal. They argue that suspending an elected lawmaker for exercising her right to free speech and petition sets a dangerous precedent and disregards judicial authority.

The suspension has sparked widespread debate on gender discrimination, legislative overreach, and political suppression in Nigeria’s democracy.

"It is challenging, but progress is being made," says Rashida Mahmud Abdirahman, a lawyer advocating for women’s participation in sports, told the AFP.

Amuna Adam, co-founder of the Ubah Fitness Centre, recalls the backlash she faced when starting the initiative. "When we started this centre, many people were saying this is a Westernised idea; it is against Islam and such, so we have been facing a lot of challenges," she explains.

For Hafsa Omer, captain of a local sports team, the journey has been equally difficult. "It was tough for us to be told, 'You are girls, you are not supposed to play.' The culture and the religion were not allowing us to play. Some of our parents did not even allow us to play," she shares. However, she notes a gradual change in attitudes, particularly among families. "We need to exercise our bodies for health purposes, so they eventually accepted, but the community still finds it surprising when girls play sports."

Abdirahman highlights the societal stigma many women face when participating in sports. "If a girl plays football, basketball, swims, or goes to the gym, many in society view it as shameful. They ask, 'What are you doing? You're a girl.' It is challenging, but progress is being made. Now, we have a football team, a basketball team, and several places where girls can exercise," she says, while acknowledging that obstacles remain.

The initiative, launched by filmmaker Mohamed Fawi, aims to nurture Sudan’s first filmmaking community while empowering women to share untold stories. “After the war began, I felt compelled to contribute from within Sudan,” Fawi said.

“The most fitting approach was to create a project for women, as many workshop participants focused on women’s issues.”

One participant, Zeinab Alfadel, explained the process: “We were trained in filming, scriptwriting, and directing. Afterwards, we moved on to production and editing, culminating in the release of our films.”

For Eithar Khairy, another filmmaker, the experience was transformative. “It was challenging but rewarding. The idea came from Miss Bakhita, who suggested making a documentary during the ‘Cinema by Women Workshop.’”

The "Women's Cinema Project," as it’s called, has trained 11 women so far, creating a platform for voices long overlooked in Sudan.

"This job is my whole life. It helped me escape many vices, including begging and prostitution. I earn a decent living and provide dignity for my children ," Nah told the AFP. 

Nah’s journey began after losing her mother early in life. Raised by her blacksmith brother and later married to another blacksmith, she embraced the craft, honing her skills to manufacture pots, agricultural tools, plumbing parts, and even mechanical components. 

Her customers, like Silamakan Traore, a mechanic who has relied on Nah for 20 years, praise her expertise. "She made a new flange for my dynamo after the old one broke. Her work is precise and reliable," he said. 

Despite injuries and hazards, including burns from molten aluminum, Nah remains steadfast. "These are the risks of the job, but with motivation, you can overcome anything," she says, noting that she balanced her craft with raising children, who now proudly celebrate her accomplishments. 

Her second son, Mohamed Camara, calls her an inspiration. "She is an example for all women. Despite being a mother, she has never let that hinder her. We’re proud to inherit her craft and legacy." 

Despite widespread protests, a second reading of the bill was passed in September, with proponents arguing it would “protect girls from immoral relationships.” The amendment could make Iraq the country with the world’s lowest age of consent, with Iran currently having the second lowest at 13.

Law 188 , also known as Iraq’s personal status law, has long been praised for its progressive stance on women’s rights in a region where such protections are often limited. However, if the new amendment passes, it would set back decades of progress by removing the legal marriage age of 18 and making it possible for girls as young as nine to marry.

Civil rights advocates are sounding the alarm. Razaw Salihy, an Iraq researcher at Amnesty International, called on lawmakers to reconsider the proposed changes. "These amendments would strip women and girls of crucial protections and allow for child marriages," she is quoted by the Standard .

Further emphasising that the amendment could have severe impact on the lives of women and girls across Iraq.

Civil society groups and international human rights organisations continue to advocate against the amendments, warning of lasting repercussions on women’s rights and protections in Iraq.

Under this law, couples can now request a reprint of their marriage certificates with specifications of a Muslim marriage at R20 ($1.1).

Minister for Department of Home Affairs, Leon Schreiber who announced the milestone commended the move, describing it as coming “hundred of years later than it should have been”.

“The Department of Home Affairs is proud to announce that we have issued the first-ever South African marriage certificates officially recognising the “type of marriage” as “Muslim”,” a statement on X said. “This is a major step towards enhancing the dignity of this faith community” and “a celebration of South Africa’s unity diversity.”

Before this, Muslims in the country were limited to the option of either choosing the customary or civil marriage options on the marriage registration form.

Without proof of marriage, particularly women were often denied their rightful claims when their spouses passed away or when the marriage ended.

The Divorce Act of 1979 was amended after President Ramaphosa signed the Divorce Amendment Bill into law in May.

The amendments define what a Muslim marriage is under the Act as well as establish provisions to protect the interests of dependent and minor children in the event of death or annulment of the marriage.

This revelation sparked a series of protests , one of which the police forcefully dispersed on Monday, October 21, citing falsehoods.

Despite the police's stance, Pakistan, a patriarchal society, is determined to expose and address the issue of sexual violence, particularly against women.

Senior officer Syeda Shehrbano Naqvi has been tasked with thoroughly investigating the Punjab rape case, which the police are allegedly trying to cover up.

She stated, "All of us have experienced harassment in some form, whether on the streets of Pakistan or elsewhere."

She also urged the relatives of the alleged Punjab University rape victim to come forward with any evidence or information they have.

"We beg the uncle of the alleged victim from the Punjab College rape case to come on camera and give a statement. People tend to believe someone in uniform less than someone directly involved in the incident."

Students participating in the protests indicated that their grievances extend beyond the Punjab case, highlighting the prevalence and seriousness of such incidents nationwide.

"Harassment is widespread on every campus, with rape cases occurring regularly. A student recently committed suicide at Punjab University, and there have been troubling incidents at Bahawalpur University. Numerous cases of harassment and rape have occurred in colleges and universities," said Saqib Ismail, founder of a student committee.

Fatima Razzaq, an Aurat March women's rights group member, added, "Unfortunately, it's pretty common. Students do get sexually violated often, but I haven't seen it grow into a movement like this. And I haven't seen this sort of anger or reaction from them before."

"The recent uprising, which saw a huge participation from women, raised expectations that there would be no rapes, no harassment of women, and absolute security for them," protester Israt Jahan Imu told AFP. "But we don't see any change; we are in the same situation as we were during the fascist regime."

According to women's rights group Bangladesh Mohila Parishad, reports of violence against women rose by over 25% in September compared to previous months. The group gathers data from ten national newspapers, cross-referencing it with their findings.

"Freedom! Freedom!" chanted the women as they marched through Dhaka University, some waving torches. "When we speak up, we are asked to be patient," Imu added.

The demonstrations come as Nobel Peace Prize winner Muhammad Yunus has been appointed as the country’s "chief advisor" to lead a temporary administration focused on restoring democratic institutions.

"There should be no inequality among the citizens of Bangladesh," protester Rupashi Chakma said. "Violence against women across all regions of the country must end."

Chants of "Erdogan assassin! AKP assassin!" echoed through the crowd, directed at Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP), which has been in power since 2002. Protesters accused the government of failing to protect women and turning a blind eye to gender-based violence.

Among the demonstrators was Gulizar Sezer, the mother of femicide victim Sedef Guler. "Where is the state? Where is justice?" Sezer cried out. "The state is as guilty as the criminal who killed my child. I will hold it accountable until the end."

Hülya Gülbahar, a prominent women's rights activist and lawyer, highlighted the shortcomings in enforcing Turkey’s Law No. 6284, which provides protection against domestic violence. “If Law 6284 was properly implemented, thousands of women’s lives would have been saved," Gülbahar said, emphasizing that impunity for perpetrators remains a "systematic state policy."

According to The Monument Counter, a platform that tracks gender-based violence in 2023, the number of femicides reached 416.

“This day is about pushing the right to choose,” said Lilian Reyes Gutierrez from Católicas por el Derecho a Decidir.

Brenda Gutierrez of Fondo Maria added, “Abortion should be treated as a medical procedure, not a crime .”

The protest saw brief clashes with police . Similar protests took place in Chile and Peru.

On August 30, 2023, Mexico’s National Supreme Court ordered the Aguascalientes state Congress to decriminalise voluntary abortion. Just a week later, on September 6, the Court eliminated all federal criminal penalties for abortion.

Protesters called for broader access to abortion services, in line with President Gabriel Boric's recent promise.

In June, Boric announced plans to introduce a bill by the end of 2024 that would expand the legal grounds for abortion in the country.

The demonstrators, made up of students, activists, and supporters, called for the implementation of free, public, and safe abortion services, arguing it is essential for public health and women's rights.

Mariana Perez, a 20-year-old student, said, "Free, public, and safe abortion has yet to be implemented in Chile, and I believe it is necessary as a matter of public health, beyond the ideals one may have."

Women's rights activist Angelica Salas, 34, echoed the sentiment, advocating for the decriminalisation of abortion. "I think it is very important that we women have the right to decide. And that the only important thing is that it is our decision," she said.

The protest featured dancing, drum performances, and chants demanding change. 

These women consider the opportunity a renewed hope for a better future. 

"I'm so happy and glad I can study again because becoming a doctor is my dream," Masuma Zakii who had her education interrupted when the Taliban took control of Afghanistan in August 2021 told the AFP.

Zahra Hussaini, a 20-year-old medical student, expressed how moving to Scotland gave her new hope. "It has given me hope for a better future. I can become a doctor, be financially independent, and serve my family and community to the best of my ability," she said.

Hussaini further aspires to become a surgeon, a role desperately needed in her home country adding that " Because it is a traditional society and generally when a woman is in need of surgery, if the surgeon is male, there is some restrictions from the family that the woman shouldn't be treated by a male surgeon. So I think that becoming a female surgeon in my own country would be, you know, something which can benefit myself and also my society."

The Taliban's return to power brought a rather severe interpretation of Islamic law , restricting women's rights, including education.