Supporters of Mexico’s reform argue that shorter working hours can strengthen productivity, formal employment and social wellbeing, particularly in sectors where long shifts are common. The measure builds on previous increases to the minimum wage and expanded labour rights in recent years, signalling continuity in a policy direction that prioritises stronger state involvement in regulating working conditions .

Argentina, under President Javier Milei, is taking a contrasting route. The government has advanced a labour reform focused on deregulation, including easing hiring procedures, adjusting severance frameworks and modifying rules that affect union activity. Officials describe the changes as necessary to encourage private investment, reduce informality and address long-standing economic instability.

The Argentine approach reflects a broader pro-market agenda aimed at reducing what the government views as rigidities in the labour system. Trade unions and opposition groups have raised concerns about the potential impact on worker protections, while the administration argues that greater flexibility could generate employment opportunities in a struggling economy .

Together, the two reform processes highlight a clear regional divergence. Mexico is expanding statutory protections and reducing legal working hours, reinforcing a model centred on labour safeguards. Argentina is pursuing structural liberalisation intended to stimulate growth through market mechanisms. Rather than a question of right or wrong, the contrast underscores two distinct interpretations of how labour policy should respond to economic challenges in Latin America .

An independent cleaning worker told Viory reporters, “They have to fulfil the union and labour agreements and mainly respect the work being done, but well, we already did our part, it has to be respected, and they have to give us our place.” The protest disrupted the city’s normal routines, with more than a dozen trucks unloading waste onto sidewalks, fires prompting a response from firefighters, and demonstrators damaging government property. Local medical teams treated several people at the scene, though no serious injuries were reported.

Residents described the event as alarming. Juan Castillo, a neighbour: “There is a message for the government to adjust to their petitions, to reach a common agreement and avoid all these kinds of jokes, it is ugly.” The protest reflects broader tensions in Mexico over labour rights and union representation, highlighting how workers’ demands can escalate into public demonstrations when official channels stall.

What they said

Alemu Sime, PhD, Minister of Transport and Logistics, stated that "The Railway Academy will provide efficient transportation services by establishing a modern railway infrastructure to connect the country’s major development centres and all neighbouring countries." Ethiopian Railways Corporation (ERC) The Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer, Hlina Belachew (eng.), also added that "This is a crucial day in the journey of every great institution, when key moments and visions are transformed into reality; this groundbreaking ceremony is a foundation for knowledge, innovation, and the growth of Ethiopian and East African railways."

The new rule applies to women aged 18 to 52, and does not require a medical certificate. Officials estimate that 350,000 to 400,000 women will benefit.

However, it excludes the much larger informal workforce of roughly six million women, including domestic workers, daily-wage labourers and gig workers, a gap experts say should be addressed.

Still, the move is being widely described as a landmark step, particularly because it covers private-sector employees regardless of their job type or contract.

Countries such as Spain, Japan, South Korea and Indonesia already offer menstrual leave, and in India, states like Bihar and Odisha provide limited leave for government workers. Karnataka’s decision, however, represents the broadest rollout yet in the country.

Karnataka Labour Minister Santosh Lad called the measure “one of the most progressive policy decisions” for women. The IT industry’s trade association, Nasscom, said many companies in the state already offer menstrual leave, and that complying with the government order would not be difficult.

Worker groups welcomed the move. Pratibha R, who leads the local Garment and Textile Workers’ Union, noted that many garment workers receive only 11 days of leave per year.

But the policy has stirred debate. Some women say discussing menstruation at work is still uncomfortable in a society where the topic remains taboo.

“How can one go and seek menstrual leave when we don’t even speak about it?” asked Anunita Kundu, a software manager.

In 2021, China’s government officially outlawed 996 after several high-profile cases of worker deaths, including one involving a young employee from e-commerce giant Pinduoduo. Major tech companies such as ByteDance and Tencent followed with promises to curb overtime.

Still, long hours remain widespread. Weak enforcement of labour laws, low wages, and cultural pressure to perform continue to drive overwork. In cities like Shenzhen, the legal minimum wage is far below the average cost of living , forcing some workers to rely on overtime to make ends meet.

China’s overall productivity remains lower than that of developed economies, leading some firms to rely on longer hours to boost output quickly.

To address growing discontent, the government has launched public campaigns against excessive work. A popular TV show, “Overtime No More,” featured celebrities and workers discussing how to balance career demands and personal life.

Some analysts believe these efforts are also linked to international pressure. The European Union recently passed a regulation banning products made with forced labour, which includes “excessive overtime” as a key indicator. Aligning with such standards could help China protect its export markets and improve its global image.

However, others argue that China’s crackdown has more to do with domestic concerns, including social stability and a changing workforce. Younger employees, disillusioned with the promise of hard work leading to success, are increasingly rejecting 996 culture in favour of more balanced lives — a movement known locally as tang ping, or “lying flat.”

Despite the government’s push, many companies still find ways around the rules, and long hours remain deeply rooted in China’s corporate life. The change, experts say, will take time and stronger enforcement.

Ironically, while China moves to restrain its punishing work culture, the 996 mindset is spreading abroad. In the United States , some tech startups now encourage 70-hour work weeks, framing them as a path to rapid innovation and success.

Entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley have begun to praise the discipline and intensity of China’s once-criticised system, arguing that it fuels ambition and competitiveness. Some even advertise long hours as part of their company identity.

As China tries to create a healthier balance between work and life, the rest of the world seems eager to adopt the very culture it is now trying to leave behind.

But this population surge is a double-edged sword that brings with it both opportunities and great challenges.

India’s urban centres, such as Mumbai, are the bedrock of its economic transformation. With over 28,000 people per square kilometre, Mumbai exemplifies the density and dynamism that define India's cities.

According to government forecasts, urban areas are expected to contribute 75% to India’s GDP by 2036 , and urban population figures could swell to 600 million.

This urban explosion presents an immense opportunity for India to fuel manufacturing, digital services, logistics, and construction. According to K.T. Ravindran, an urban planning expert, such growth must be met with targeted investments in infrastructure .

"The focus should move towards food security, water security, energy security, and security from waste management," he told CGTN.

But that transformation is already colliding with real-world pressures.

India's unemployment rate climbed to 5.6% in May 2025, with a notable rise among young people.

Millions migrate to cities in search of work , often fleeing rural distress and climate-induced displacement, only to find themselves stuck in low-wage, low-skill jobs in sectors like e-commerce delivery or informal construction.

"They have to be skills which are required by industries… Otherwise, disparity will remain," warns Madan Sabnavis, Chief Economist at Bank of Baroda.

India’s educational and skilling systems have struggled to keep up with the pace of change. While programmes exist to boost employability, many lack alignment with industry needs.

The result? A growing class of underemployed youth and a missing middle in the labour market.

The list includes firms in construction, health, water , energy, transport, manufacturing, and trade.

The notice, dated 13 June , says another 169 companies could face the same fate within three months unless someone objects.

Kenyan law allows the Registrar of Companies to dissolve businesses that fail to file annual returns, operate without licenses, or become insolvent.

Once removed, companies must apply through the High Court or registrar to be restored. They must also prove they were still active at the time of being struck off and that six years have not passed since the closure.

The latest move comes shortly after another notice on 5 June confirmed the dissolution of Caltex House Service Station Limited, a multinational oil and motor company with more than 165 service stations across Kenya.

The firm had operated for over 75 years and employed thousands of Kenyans.

The government says the process will help clean up the business registry.

The decision is a major win for the Vanuatu Teachers Union, which organised the industrial action after long-standing disputes over payroll issues.

Judge Edwin Peter Goldsbrough said there was no evidence that the strike breached procedures, despite claims from the Teaching Service Commission, which oversees teachers' contracts.

Teachers went on strike after the government moved their payroll budget from the Ministry of Education to the Teaching Service Commission.

Talks between the two sides collapsed after one party failed to attend three separate meetings led by a conciliator.

An agreement was later signed in June 2024, and teachers agreed to return to work once they received partial payments.

But as delays in payment continued , more teachers were suspended.

Eventually, over 600 teachers had been removed from their roles.

In March this year, the Minister of Education, Simil Johnson, said the government had committed to settling outstanding payments worth four billion vatu (about US$34 million).

According to him, some of the teachers’ claims lacked evidence, albeit stressing that legal entitlements were already being paid and would continue to be processed.

A government review found that, of 1,192 claims for principal and deputy principal allowances, only 496 were confirmed and paid, while 461 were rejected.

The union described the court ruling as a victory not only for teachers but for all workers in the country.

The move will reduce the number of provinces and cities from 63 to just 34, leading to a loss of jobs for almost 80,000 government workers.

This is one of the biggest reforms in Vietnam since the country was founded in 1945. The government says it wants to move from being slow and bureaucratic to serving people more actively.

The vote passed easily in the National Assembly, which is controlled by the Communist Party as only one person voted against the plan.

Some officials who have worked for the government for decades have expressed grief over the possible loss of their jobs, even though they will receive compensation.

The names of many provinces will also disappear after the changes.

All new provincial leaders will be announced on June 30, and the new system will start in July.

Meanwhile, Vietnam is also planning to change the constitution so that the district level of government is removed. That means the country will only have two levels of administration, instead of three: provinces and communes.

The directive announced by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development will stay in place until September 15 and applies to all companies in the private sector.

The decision is meant to stop workers from being exposed to the sun during the hottest part of the day.

 The ministry said this will help prevent health problems and reduce the risk of injuries caused by working in very high temperatures. Employers are being asked to change their schedules so that workers are not outdoors during the banned hours.

This step is part of a wider plan to improve safety at work and protect the well-being of employees. The rule was made in partnership with the National Council for Occupational Safety and Health, which focuses on improving workplace conditions across the country.

To help companies follow the new rules, the ministry has released two online guides. One offers advice on how to reduce exposure to the sun, while the other focuses on how to stay safe when working in hot weather . Both guides are available on the ministry’s official website.

People can report violations of the new rule by calling a special hotline or using a mobile app provided by the ministry. The government says it is committed to making workplaces safer, especially during the summer months when high temperatures can be dangerous for outdoor workers.

Panama City Mayor Mayer Mizrachi proposed prioritising Bitcoin payments for Panama Canal transit fees at the Bitcoin 2025 conference. The canal, handling 5% of global trade, earned $5 billion from nearly 10,000 transits in fiscal 2024, despite drought-related caps. Mizrachi believes Bitcoin could streamline payments and attract tech-driven logistics firms, citing Panama’s current acceptance of Bitcoin for taxes. He’s seeking to expand this to canal fees without legislative approval, amid economic and geopolitical challenges. Former President Trump has called for regaining U.S. control of the canal, adding urgency to Panama’s modernisation efforts.

Chiquita Panama to lay off all workers as management exits

Chiquita Panama's management has left the country , and the company is seeking government approval to lay off remaining staff, the labour minister said. This follows the firing of 5,000 workers after a strike at a banana farm, which resulted in $75 million in losses. Thousands protested amid broader social issues, with President Mulino calling the strike illegal.

Panama denies involvement in enforcing Iran sanctions

Panama rejects claims by United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI) CEO Mark D. Wallace that it fails to enforce sanction s. Through its Panama Maritime Authority (AMP), the country has de-flagged over 650 ships since 2019 to uphold international standards, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Panama works closely with the U.S. government, sharing ship registry details to fight terrorism financing and illegal fishing. In 2019, Panama signed the Registry Information Sharing Compact with other maritime nations to notify members of ships involved in sanctionable activities. Recent actions include new ship-to-ship transfer rules and Executive Decree No. 512, empowering Panama to de-flag vessels linked to sanctions. So far, 214 ships and 12 million GT have been removed. Panama remains committed to international maritime conventions and continues its cooperation with the U.S.

Panama’s Bitcoin policy and global financial stability impact

Panama City Mayor Mayer Mizrachi proposed allowing Bitcoin payments for Panama Canal tolls, stirring excitement and concern. Supporters argue it would streamline payments , reduce banking fees, and attract tech companies, transforming Panama into a digital hub. They also see Bitcoin as a tool to modernise the canal’s competitiveness in global trade. Critics, however, warn of Bitcoin’s volatility—a sudden price drop could hurt Panama’s revenue, which supports key services. They also fear regulatory backlash from countries wary of crypto’s ties to evading traditional finance. The debate: Can Bitcoin enhance trade or will it destabilise Panama’s economy?

Panama removes 650+ ships amid sanctions, tougher rules

Panama’s Maritime Authority has removed over 650 ships from its registry since 2019 to comply with U.S. sanctions and enforce stricter rules. Since last year, 214 ships have been withdrawn under new measures allowing faster action against violators. Panama responded to UANI’s criticism, which accused Panama of facilitating Iran’s oil trade and undermining sanctions. Panama says it shares information with other flag countries and enforces rules against ships that evade tracking.

The Ministry of Labour confirmed that the break will run from Thursday, 5 June to Monday, 9 June. It applies to all employees covered under Egypt’s Labour Law No. 12 of 2003.

Employers have, as a result, been instructed to enforce the decision across private workplaces, ensuring that workers receive their full pay during the time off.

The announcement follows a similar decree by Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly, who last week confirmed the same holiday period for public sector employees, including those in ministries, local administration units, and state-owned companies.

Examination schedules, where relevant, will continue as planned, local reports confirm.

The decision to offer paid leave to private sector workers marks a shift in labour policy in Egypt, where holiday benefits have not always been evenly applied.

By standardising time off for both private and public workers during major religious celebrations, the government hopes to promote fairness, unity, and work-life balance.

Under the proposed system , employees would receive at least 1.5 times their regular hourly wage for the first two hours of overtime each day.

Any overtime beyond that would be paid at no less than double the standard rate.

The bill is designed to protect workers’ rights, encourage higher productivity, and improve earnings for employees across the country.

Lawmakers say the move will also simplify how overtime is managed in both public and private workplaces.

The proposed reform also forms part of broader efforts by the government to modernise labour laws and strengthen economic growth by creating fairer conditions for workers.

The law, approved by parliament on May 21, will not apply to seasonal jobs or temporary replacements. However, all existing subcontracted workers, including cleaners and gardeners, must now be offered permanent positions.

Supporters say the law promotes dignity and fair working conditions .

In Tunisia, short-term contracts have often left workers with no job security, health insurance or social security benefits.

The new law includes penalties for employers who fail to comply, including fines and possible jail time for repeat offences.

But economists have raised concerns. They say the law may discourage hiring, especially in a country where unemployment remains high.

Tunisia’s jobless rate stands at 16%, with youth unemployment nearing 40%.

Colombian filmmaker Juan Pablo Solano, of Jaguar Bite, has expressed concerns over proposed U.S. tariffs on audiovisual content, which could significantly impact international production in Colombia, where approximately 80-90% of projects are American. According to him, tariffs threaten to undermine independent films that rely on Colombia's cost-effective production landscape, putting the future of local filmmaking at risk.

Expansion of extortion gangs in key Colombian oil region

Colombian palm-oil farmer Jaime Cruz encountered a resurgence of extortion gangs in Puerto Gaitan, the country's largest oil-producing area, after more than a decade of relative peace. The 39th Front guerrilla group has begun demanding extortion payments from local businesses, causing significant insecurity and hindering investment in an economically vital region as violence escalates.

Investigations underway for suspicious death in South Carolina

Authorities in Columbia, South Carolina, are investigating a suspicious death following the discovery of a body in a home on Kinard Court, reported on May 15. The Columbia Police Department is collaborating with the Richland County Coroner’s Office as the investigation unfolds, with further updates pending.

Colombia takes landmark step in indigenous autonomy

Colombia has officially recognised Indigenous councils in the Amazon as local governments, granting them administrative power and budget control . This historic shift enhances Indigenous rights and governance, aiming to protect forests and inspire similar movements across Latin America, contrasting sharply with legislation in neighbouring countries that threaten Indigenous authority.

Colombian senate rejects president's labour reform referendum

Colombian lawmakers blocked President Gustavo Petro's referendum aimed at reforming labour laws, which included proposals for limiting work hours and mandating double pay on holidays. Business Standard reports that despite Petro's warning of electoral repercussions, the Senate voted against the referendum, though a group of congressmen has revived discussions on the labour proposals ahead of a deadline.

The current minimum salary, Sh370,000 ($140) will go up by 35.1 percent. President Samia said the new wage is a reward for the hard work of public servants and the country’s growing economy.

According to her, workers had stayed strong even during hard times, and now it was time for them to benefit.

“In recognition of your hard work and commitment to national development—even at a time when we asked you to tighten your belts—I am pleased to announce that the government will increase the minimum wage for public servants by 35.1 percent,” she was quoted by The Citizen .

Other workers who earn above the minimum wage will also get salary increases depending on how much money the government has in the budget.

The President said the government is also looking at pay in the private sector. She said the Ministry of Labour and trade unions should work together to help improve salaries for private workers through fair agreements.

She reminded Tanzanians that last year, the government could not raise wages because of economic problems, but a 5.5 percent growth in the economy has made this possible.

President Samia ended her speech by asking workers to protect peace in the country and take part in the general election set for October.

El Informe sobre Tecnología e Innovación 2025 de la UNCTAD pone de relieve la difícil realidad de los trabajadores de IA en países como Kenia, Uganda e India, que son líderes globales en el trabajo de BPO. Una encuesta reciente reveló que en Kenia e India, los profesionales altamente educados, con títulos de posgrado en áreas como ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería o matemáticas, son a menudo relegados a tareas de baja cualificación como la anotación de texto e imágenes.

Unctad advierte que "tales desperdicios significativos de capital humano pueden verse exacerbados en mercados laborales cada vez más conectados, donde las tareas se subcontratan a nivel global". Los anotadores de datos en estos países en desarrollo enfrentan duras condiciones laborales, a menudo trabajando hasta 10 horas al día por menos de $2 por hora, y con limitadas oportunidades de avance profesional. Esto socava el valioso talento tecnológico de Kenia y expande la brecha de desigualdad.

A pesar de su sólida formación, los kenianos enfrentan desafíos para encontrar empleo significativo, tanto a nivel local como internacional, lo que los obliga a aceptar trabajos de bajo nivel en IA. Kenia, que ha mostrado un notable crecimiento en el desarrollo de talento tecnológico, registró un 41 por ciento de crecimiento en el número de desarrolladores en la plataforma Github, posicionándose como uno de los países con mayor crecimiento en África.

Además, datos de la Asociación de Capital de Riesgo Africana muestran que el financiamiento total para start-ups kenianos disminuyó en un 33 por ciento el año pasado. Esto resultó en el cierre de al menos cinco start-ups, dejando a cientos de talentosos kenianos sin empleo en un contexto económico desafiante. Para proteger a los trabajadores en la industria tecnológica, Unctad sugiere cambios clave en políticas laborales que requieran atención urgente por parte de las autoridades estatales.

The farms were taken by the government of Robert Mugabe around the year 2000.

More than 4,000 farms were seized, mostly from white owners, in a land reform plan. The aim was to give land back to Black Zimbabweans, but many farms ended up in the hands of people close to the government.

The farm seizures had dire consequences on Zimbabwe’s economy . Food production dropped, exports fell, and the country went through extreme inflation, especially in 2008.

The move aims to fix the country’s debt problems and rejoin the international financial system.

Paying the farmers is one of the steps required before Zimbabwe can get any monetary help from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund after 20 years.

The rest of the money owed to this group of farmers will be paid in US-dollar bonds but the interest rate is just 2%, which is much lower than what other countries offer on similar bonds.

Finance Minister Mthuli Ncube said Zimbabwe is committed to making the payments.

“We are very serious about this,” he was quoted by The Guardian .

The survey spoke to 2,000 people over the age of 16 in all 27 states of Brazil between January 10 and 15, 2025. The goal was to understand how people feel about working hours and a new proposal that could change the law.

Many of those in favour said shorter hours would improve their lives. Sixty-five percent said it would give workers a better quality of life.

More than half also believed it would boost productivity. Others said it could help grow the economy and even make businesses more profitable.

When asked about the current six-day workweek system, more than half said they did not like it, but 39% thought it was a good idea.

The government is currently discussing a proposal known as the “6x1 PEC,” which would reduce the work week to just four days—36 hours total—with no pay cuts.

Sixty-three percent of those polled support this plan, suggesting that it would be a positive change for the country.

If they had more free time, nearly half of the people said they would spend it with their families. Others said they would use it to take care of their health, earn extra money, or learn new skills.

“This shows that Brazilians are looking for a better balance between work and life,” said a researcher from Nexus .

The 4,300-hectare area, known as the Batang Integrated Industrial Area, is part of a business partnership between Indonesia and China called "Two Countries, Twin Parks."

The government hopes this new zone will attract big companies, bring in more investment, and create jobs for Indonesians.

President Prabowo compared the SEZ to Shenzhen , the Chinese city that became a global manufacturing hub.

According to him, Indonesia must catch up with its neighbours by building modern industrial areas that can boost the economy.

Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs Airlangga Hartarto said he believes working closely with China will strengthen key industries and bring more investors to Indonesia.

The government sees this project as a big step toward making Indonesia a major player in the global economy.

They accuse President Javier Milei’s government of not following its legal duties to protect public health.

In a public letter, the doctors said they could not stay in a system that was failing to do its job.

They described their resignations as an ethical decision to warn the country about what is happening and argue that public health is not a waste of money but an investment in people’s well-being.

Infectious disease specialist Carolina Selent said many health experts who had worked for over a decade were dismissed.

"Key colleagues have not been reinstated, including those leading major campaigns on flu vaccination, pertussis surveillance [a previously controlled disease that is now resurging], and Hepatitis A and measles monitoring — both of which are currently experiencing outbreaks," she was quoted by Buenos Aires Times .

Doctors, nurses and patients recently protested in Buenos Aires against these health cuts. They say layoffs and funding cuts are damaging the public health system.

President Milei, however, says these changes are necessary to fix a system that was already failing.

Milei’s government has cut public spending by 27% and fired more than 30,000 government workers. He has also announced Argentina will leave the World Health Organization (WHO) because of what he calls "major differences" with the group’s policies.

Including bonuses and overtime, the total average salary reaches NT$60,984, which is a 4.39% increase from 2023.

The middle salary, also called the median salary, is also rising. It now stands at NT$37,274, which is 3.29% higher than the previous year.

However, rising prices make the increase feel smaller.

When adjusted for inflation, the real average salary is only 0.58% higher. The real median salary rises by 1.09%. This means that while paychecks are bigger, they do not stretch as far as workers might hope.

The study, done by investment firm Old Mutual , found that 70% of Kenyans have seen their incomes drop in 2024.

Only three in 10 can afford their basic needs and still have money left at the end of the month. Most people are turning to mobile loans, borrowing from friends, or getting help from savings groups to survive.

Confidence in the economy has also fallen, according to the report with rising food prices, high taxes, unemployment, and a tough business climate.

As a result, many Kenyans are changing how they spend money. Some are moving to cheaper houses, sending children to more affordable schools, or cutting back on dining out and entertainment. Others have started small businesses to earn extra income.

About half of Kenyans now own a business , but most of these businesses are not insured, leaving them at risk if something goes wrong.

Even with financial struggles, many people still think saving for the future is important. More Kenyans are now saving for retirement compared to last year, but confidence in having enough for old age has dropped sharply.

According to Old Mutual’s East Africa CEO, Arthur Oginga, the traditional ways of making money and running households are no longer enough.

More people are finding new ways to survive, like running small businesses or offering services such as tutoring and food delivery instead of relying on regular jobs.

The Department of Employment (DoE) and Immigration Bureau officers visited schools in the Ratchada and Bang Na areas on February 9 to check for teachers without legal permits.

The checks are part of a larger effort to stop foreigners from working without permission, which officials say could take jobs away from Thai workers.

The Bangkok Post reports that the crackdown follows a police raid on February 6 at two branches of a language school on Ratchadaphisek Road.

Eight South Korean teachers were arrested because they did not have work permits. In Thailand, foreigners who want to work as teachers must have a non-immigrant visa and apply for a work permit with the right qualifications.

Anyone caught teaching without a permit faces a fine of up to 50,000 baht ($1,475) and will be sent out of the country.

Schools that hire undocumented teachers will also be fined, with penalties increasing for repeat offenders. In some cases, school owners could even face jail time.

Authorities are encouraging foreigners who want to work legally to get proper work permits.

Blind as it is called , has already gained popularity in other countries, especially in the US, where it is widely used by employees at companies like Meta, Uber, and PayPal.

The app has been instrumental in exposing workplace issues such as unfair pay, long hours, and mass layoffs.

One of Blind’s key features is privacy. Users must sign up with their work email, but the platform does not store personal details. Once registered, employees can join discussions in public and private forums without fear of being identified.

Blind has also helped workers on visas by connecting them with job openings and referrals. With its expansion to India, the app hopes to provide professionals with the same support.

Some victims were sent abroad and forced to work under terrible conditions, local reports indicate.

Officials said scammers often impersonate legitimate recruitment agencies by copying their official websites or pages.

Migrant Workers Secretary Hans Leo Cacdac explained that as soon as fake posts are identified, they are reported and taken down with the help of Facebook and TikTok. Over 50,000 of these posts were removed from Facebook and more than 21,000 from TikTok.

The DMW has advised job seekers to be cautious and check the department's website to verify if a recruitment agency is legitimate.

Many of these fake jobs target workers for overseas employment, with some scams leading victims to jobs in call centres in Thailand, Singapore, or Vietnam.

These workers are often trafficked to other countries like Cambodia or Myanmar, where they are forced to work in cryptocurrency scams.

In one case, a man was intercepted at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport. He was promised a job in Cambodia but was being sent first to Vietnam.

Authorities say such scams can cost victims up to Php200,000 (around $3,700).

The DMW is working with other government agencies and local organisations to prevent illegal recruitment and help protect workers.

According to him, the platform would recognise and support millions of informal workers across the country.

A survey shows that Cambodia has 7.9 million workers out of which only 1.7 million are in the formal sector. The other 6.2 million are in the informal economy, where they are more vulnerable to economic shocks and lack basic support

The platform aims to give workers access to job training, social protection, and financial services and is voluntary and free, targeting small businesses, self-employed individuals, and seasonal workers.

Prime Minister Manet expressed optimism that the platform will improve living standards, create new opportunities and also make it easier to respond during crises.

By collecting more data on informal workers, people who often miss out on important services like healthcare and loans will also be noticed and catered for.

The government hopes the new platform will help informal workers live better and have stronger protection in the future.

Labour Minister Phiphat Ratchakitprakarn confirmed this and also indicated improved provisions for self-employed persons and workers in industries.

These persons who were previously exempted from the Social Security system are expected to be registered with the system under the new arrangements.

Plans are also underway to increase contributions by 6.25% for all beneficiaries of the fund.

Other deals including wage ceiling and salary cap adjustments and conversion of fluctuating medical costs estimated at 60 billion baht ($1.78 billion) to a fixed cost are on the table.

Bangkok Post reports that the government will possibly also amend the Social Security Act and expand the social security benefit to cover 2 million migrant workers, including those from Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia.

Before this proposal, Thailand’s retirement age was 60 years for government officials and employees and between 55 to 60 for employees in the private sector.

Nepal’s media sector, significantly impacted by the pandemic, faces a critical juncture with ongoing job losses and salary cuts for journalists. Increased government pressure and censorship during the pandemic are escalating, exemplified by new bills aimed at consolidating media control and vague guidelines restricting communication on platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp. Labour rights issues are also prominent, with many journalists filing complaints for unpaid wages, particularly against Kantipur Media Group, leading to legal actions against the company. The environment mirrors global trends of economic instability and political pressures on media, raising concerns about the future of independent journalism in Nepal, My Republica reports.

Nepalis injured in Mexico

Three Nepali nationals were injured in an incident involving Mexican security forces on October 2 near the Mexico-Guatemala border. All 11 Nepali nationals in the vehicle are currently in detention by Mexican immigration authorities. The Nepali Embassy in Washington DC confirmed that no Nepali died in the shooting, which reportedly involved multiple nationalities. The embassy is in contact with Mexican authorities for further updates, according to The Kathmandu Post .

Floods

Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed solidarity with Nepal after heavy flooding and landslides last week resulted in over 236 deaths and significant property damage. In a letter to Nepal's Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli, Modi offered India’s assistance for relief and reconstruction efforts. As a result of the disaster, 173 people were injured, and 19 remain missing, with 17,120 having been rescued. Nepal's government is providing emergency relief and free medical treatment. Search and rescue operations are nearing completion, and efforts to assist victims’ families are ongoing across affected districts, ANI reports.

Tourism boom

In September 2024, Nepal recorded a record-breaking 96,305 foreign tourist arrivals, surpassing the previous high of 91,012 in September 2023, according to the Nepal Tourism Board (NTB). This marks a nearly 6% increase from last year. While arrivals from India decreased by 20% to 22,984 visitors, European and American tourist numbers rose significantly, with 17,104 Europeans (up 12%) and 11,549 Americans (up 36%) visiting in September. The overall total for January through September 2024 reached over 816,000 tourists, contributing positively to the Nepali economy. As reported by My Republica , the NTB aims to attract 1.6 million foreign tourists in the current fiscal year.

Petroleum grant from India

India has pledged a grant of Rs 15 billion for the construction of a petroleum pipeline and fuel storage facility in Nepal. An agreement between Nepal Oil Corporation (NOC) and Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) was signed in New Delhi for projects including a new pipeline from Siliguri to Jhapa and an extension from Amlekhgunj to Chitwan. IOC will build a storage tank in Jhapa, while NOC will invest approximately Rs 9.5 billion for a storage facility in Chitwan. These projects aim to improve fuel supply efficiency, reduce transportation costs, and minimise environmental impact. The Siliguri-Jhapa pipeline will primarily serve the eastern region of Nepal, addressing the inadequacies of the current Motihari-Amlekhgunj pipeline, reports My Republica .

The average salary at the four major banks, 60.5 million won, exceeded Samsung Electronics' 54 million won ($41,000), SK Hynix's 52 million won ($39,000), and Hyundai Motor's 42 million won ($32,000)during the same period.

As reported by the Korea Herald , despite a 1 million won ($753) decrease in the average first-half salary at the four banks, major companies also saw slight declines or minimal increases. Last year, Samsung Electronics paid 51 million won ($38,000), SK Hynix 73 million won ($55,000), and Hyundai Motor 45 million won ($34,000).

Employees at financial holding companies earned more, averaging 89.25 million won in six months. Woori Financial Group led with 97 million won ($73,000), followed by Hana at 94 million won ($71,000), Shinhan at 86 million won ($65,000), and KB at 80 million won ($60,000.

Meanwhile, the gender wage gap was evident, with holding companies paying female employees about 32% less (around 31 million won) than males. Woori Financial Group had the largest disparity, with males earning nearly 70% more than females.

These disparities manifest in various forms, including unequal pay, limited access to leadership positions, and higher rates of informal employment.

According to a World Bank report , in some countries, men significantly outnumber women in employment. The figures are rounded and derived from the 2023 estimates by the International Labour Organisation.

Here are the top 8 countries where this gender gap is most present:

Afghanistan faces one of the most significant gender disparities in the workforce globally due to the ongoing conflict, cultural norms, and economic instability. Currently, the labour force participation rate for women in Afghanistan is only 5%, compared to 100% for men.

Iraq

Women in Iraq are predominantly employed in sectors such as education, healthcare, and public administration. However, these sectors often do not offer the same financial or career advancement opportunities as those dominated by men, such as construction, manufacturing, and higher-level management. As of 2023, the labour force participation rate for women in Iraq is only 11%, compared to 92% for men.

Pakistan

In Pakistan, traditional gender roles and limited access to education for women contribute to a significant gender gap in employment. Men are more employed, especially in formal sectors. As to recent estimates , only about 25% of Pakistani women participate in the labour force, compared to 81% of men.

Oman

Oman, like many countries, faces significant gender disparities in its workforce. Despite progress in various sectors, the gap between male and female labour force participation remains wide. As of 2023, the labour force participation rate for women in Oman is 32%, compared to 88% for men. This stark difference highlights the challenges women face in entering and remaining in the workforce.

Iran

While Iran has made strides in improving gender equality, significant challenges remain in closing the workforce gender gap. The labour force participation rate for women in Iran is only 14%, compared to 71% for men as of 2023.

Yemen

Yemen has one of the largest gender gaps in the workforce. Cultural norms and ongoing conflict severely limit women's participation in the labour market, resulting in a workforce dominated by men. As of recent estimates, the labour force participation rate for women in Yemen is only 5%, compared to 60% for men.

Egypt

Egypt has a substantial gender gap in employment, with men dominating the workforce. Factors such as social norms, limited childcare options, and workplace discrimination contribute to this disparity. Only about 17% of working-age women participate in the economy, compared to 71% of men.

Algeria

In Algeria, men significantly outnumber women in the workforce. As of 2023, the labour force participation rate for women in Algeria is 17%, compared to 67% for men. This stark contrast highlights the challenges women face in entering and remaining in the workforce.

The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) -an organisation dedicated to establishing guidelines for businesses on reporting their decisions that affect society at large- has further announced its commitment to voluntarily align with the International Labour Organisation's (ILO) already existing labour rights policy, specifically the 'Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy' from 2017.

This initiative aims to encourage corporations to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) globally, with the target year set for 2030.

It is also expected that organisations will enhance their methods for setting salary frameworks, strive for equal representation across genders, and improve hiring practices. Employers are given a deadline of October 4 to make these decisions.

According to Emily Sims, Senior Specialist at ILO “This alignment contributes to business transparency concerning labour-related impacts, actions and performance; and helps companies to strengthen their contribution to SDG 8 on decent work and inclusive economic growth.”

The International Labour Organisation's World Employment and Social Outlook report in May 2024 indicates that women still face disparities in the workplace regarding access to opportunities and wage equality, often as a result of familial and caregiving duties.

"Gender disparities are evident in workforce participation, where women often face challenges in accessing equal opportunities in securing employment. Recent economic literature (Klaven, Landais and Leite-Mariante 2024; Kleven, Landais and Søgaard 2019) highlights that family responsibilities (i.e. marriage and parenthood) have a greater negative impact on women’s employment compared to men, exacerbating gender employment gaps," reads the report.

An Indonesian influencer was detained in Saudi Arabia for selling illegal Hajj packages using visit visas to Mecca. According to Jakarta Globe , Saudi authorities are also investigating other social media accounts involved in the same. The Indonesian Consul General in Jeddah is focused on helping the victims who had already paid for the illegal Hajj visas.

Heat waves during Hajj

Hajj pilgrims in Makkah have been advised to take precautions against extreme heat, as temperatures during the pilgrimage can reach up to 48 degrees Celsius. The elderly and those with underlying medical conditions are particularly vulnerable. Arabnews reports that pilgrims have been cautioned about the need to stay hydrated, cool, and vaccinated to protect against heat-related illnesses and strengthen the immune system. The Saudi government and Hajj authorities have implemented measures to accommodate the needs of pilgrims, including expanding medical facilities and shortening Friday sermons and prayers to alleviate the difficulties of worshippers during the Hajj season.

G7 Summit

Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman is among at least 13 heads of state invited to the G7 summit by Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. This reflects Italy's desire to broaden the horizons of the G7. The guest list also includes leaders from India, South Africa, Brazil, and other countries. The summit will focus on issues such as the situation in the Middle East, Ukraine's conflict with Russia, and the risks and opportunities posed by Artificial Intelligence. Italy hopes to bolster consensus on critical issues and draw attention to the problems of the Global South, especially Africa. According to the Middle East Monitor , the summit will also provide opportunities for bilateral meetings between leaders.

Worker remittances

Pakistan received a record $3.2 billion in worker remittances in May, with Saudi Arabia being the top contributor. Remittances play a vital role in supporting the country's economy and stabilising its currency. Arabnews reports that the increase in remittances is attributed to stability in the Pakistani currency and expectations of a new IMF program.

Saudi Girl Scout volunteers

Saudi Arabian Boy Scouts Association has enlisted 220 members from the Saudi Girl Scout Committee to assist pilgrims during the Hajj season in Makkah, Madinah, and the holy sites. The organisation is committed to increasing the participation of girl scouts and empowering young girls through volunteer work. Princess Sama bint Faisal bin Abdullah, chairwoman of the Saudi Girl Scout Committee, has been instrumental in ensuring the presence of girl scouts in diverse volunteer activities. The initiative reflects the commitment to empower and support Saudi girls and enable them to contribute meaningfully to society, Saudi Gazette reports.

Across Sub-Saharan Africa, an alarming 46% of workers face daily stress, with nearly equal representation among male and female workers. The persistence of employee stress, even as the region recovers from the pandemic's peak, underlines the need for organisational leaders to address this issue head-on.

Topping the stress list is Chad, where 58% of the country's employees face the highest stress levels daily. The reasons behind this are diverse, including economic challenges, political instability, and limited access to resources that contribute to a high-pressure work environment.

With 57% and 56% respectively, Uganda and Tanzania follow closely behind with their own unique sets of challenges that elevate stress levels among workers. From economic hardships to infrastructural deficits, these nations witness a daily struggle for their working population.

Ghana has also been identified as the fourth most stressful country for workers. Despite its growing economy, 54% of Ghanaian workers struggle with stress daily, which shoots the nation to a prominent position among stress-ridden work environments in Sub-Saharan Africa.

"The majority of the world's employees are quiet quitting. They may be physically present or logged into their computer but they don't know what to do or why it matters. They also don't have any supportive bonds with their coworkers, boss or their organisation," the report indicated.

However, the report highlights the pivotal role of employee engagement in mitigating stress and surpassing the influence of the work environment.

"While the debate over remote, hybrid, or on-site work continues, employee engagement remains paramount in reducing stress levels. The flexibility of remote work offers autonomy and well-being, valued highly by today’s workers," Gallup stated.

The Kenya Medical Practitioners, Pharmacists and Dentists Union (KMPDU) has been at the forefront of the strike, citing unmet demands from a collective bargaining agreement signed in previous years.

A recent closed-door talk lasted eight hours and ended without a resolution, leaving the future of Kenya's health services uncertain.

The government representatives, including Chief of Staff Felix Koskei, have urged the doctors to compromise for the benefit of Kenyan citizens, particularly the most vulnerable. Yet, the doctors remain steadfast, expressing their determination to have their demands met.

Koskei also serves as the chairperson of a court-mandated committee overseeing the comprehensive national approach to resolving the prolonged dispute within the health sector. He explains that a negotiation could be had but only if the doctors suspend their strike in 24 hours.

“Take note that the Committee shall reconvene within 24 hours of KMPDU suspension of the strike ensuring full compliance with the order of the Principal Judge Byram Ongaya, of the Employment and Labour Relations Court of Kenya,” part of a letter served to Secretary-General of KMPDU, Davji Atellah reads.

In response to the doctor's strike, President William Ruto has argued that the financial implications of meeting these demands are costly, especially in light of the economic constraints.

“I am telling our friends, the doctors, that we mind about them. We value the service they give to our nation. But we have to live within our means,” Ruto said .

This standoff is not without precedence. A similar strike in 2017 lasted 100 days, the longest in the country’s history ended with an agreement that the doctors' demands would be met.

After 29 days since the strike began many public hospitals in the country have abandoned patients who are still hanging onto hope for a resolution, the Nation Africa reports.

A pilot program to attempt a four-day workweek in the Dominican Republic will begin in February. Some employees of private and public companies will transition from a 44-hour workweek to a 36-hour workweek, from Monday to Thursday. According to the government, salaries will remain the same. This is the first time the Caribbean country has taken such a measure. Among the participating companies are the Latin American telecommunications firm Claro and the state-owned National Health Insurance, as reported by Voz de América .

Bilateral cooperation with China

On Tuesday, January 16, the President of the Dominican Republic, Luis Abinader, met with the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Tang Renjian, to discuss bilateral cooperation between the two countries, as reported by El Nuevo Diario . Tang Renjian also met with the Dominican Minister of Agriculture, Limber Cruz, and signed a Memorandum of Understanding aimed at enhancing agricultural and technical cooperation, as well as providing support to other areas. This includes the introduction of new technologies for rice cultivation and aquaculture in the Caribbean country.

France interested in the construction of a new metro line

On Tuesday, January 16, the Presidency of the Dominican Republic announced, through a press release, “France's interest in contributing to infrastructure and urban mobility projects” in the country, as reported by Listín Diario . According to the statement, France expressed its interest in participating in the construction of a third metro line in Santo Domingo, the country’s capital, through a letter sent to the President of the Dominican Republic in December. President Emmanuel Macron also announced that a government official would visit the Caribbean country in early 2024 to strengthen bilateral cooperation. The statement reads, “Macron celebrates the trust placed by the Dominican Republic’s government in French companies for the development of important projects such as metro lines in Santo Domingo".

Abortion arrest

The National Police have arrested a woman accused of aborting at five months of pregnancy in the municipality of Gaspar Hernández, located in the province of Espaillat, as reported by El Nuevo Diario . The Dominican Republic is one of the Latin American countries that maintain a prohibition on abortion without exceptions.

Political advertising in a military facility

The Central Electoral Board (JCE), the entity responsible for organising the electoral process, condemned the events that occurred on Sunday, December 14, when vehicles advertising a political party were captured entering a military facility in Azua, as reported by Al Momento . In a statement, the JCE stated that the armed forces are "non-partisan" according to the constitution and reminded of the law that prohibits military, police, and electoral officials from advertising political candidates or parties.

Sukhram Bedia, an 18-year-old laborer, is also among those trapped, heightening the anxiety of his father, Barhan Bedia, and his wife. The families earnestly appeal to the government for swift and effective measures to rescue their loved ones from the tunnel.

"When the incident occurred, we were initially assured that the workers would be swiftly evacuated from the tunnel within a few hours. However, several days have passed since then. The uncertainty about our son's well-being is overwhelming. We are left questioning why the government is encountering such difficulties in the rescue operation and facing significant delays," he said.

"I can only speculate about the mental stress the trapped workers must be enduring. Although authorities are sending food and providing oxygen, the circumstances in which my son finds himself remain unknown. The families are reliant on mobile phones for updates about their loved ones," Barhan Bedia expressed, reflecting the shared concern of the affected families.

Among the 41 workers trapped, 15 hail from Jharkhand, a state with a substantial population that migrates annually in search of employment due to economic constraints. Local sentiments suggest that adequate employment opportunities within their home state could have deterred the workers from seeking jobs elsewhere.

In a bid to support the stranded laborers, state officials from Jharkhand have been dispatched to Uttarkashi.

As the horizontal drilling faced challenges for three consecutive days in rescuing the 41 workers trapped in the Silkyara tunnel in Uttarkashi, the rescue operation has shifted to vertical drilling for greater efficacy.

As of Sunday, the rescue team has completed drilling up to 19.5 meters out of the required 86 meters in vertical drilling to reach the 41 trapped laborers in the Silkyara tunnel.

The process is estimated to take 100 hours if there are no obstructions. Simultaneously, manual drilling is set to commence soon after removing debris from the broken American-made auger machine, which halted horizontal drilling on Friday, November 24.

Six rescue plans are in progress or scheduled, according to retired Lieutenant General Syed Ata Hussain, a member of the National Disaster Management Authority.

The tunnel, part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's infrastructure project, collapsed on November 12, trapping workers inside. Construction began in 2018 to connect Silkyara and Dandalgaon towns, facilitating access to a Hindu pilgrimage site in northern India.